CIS 95-1 Working Environment Act [Norway]. (Norwegian: Arbeidsmiljøloven) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, July 1990. 48p. (In Norwegian)

Consolidation of the Act of 4 Feb. 1977 relating to occupational safety and health and the working environment (CIS 78-296 and CIS 85-593) with amendments up to 27 July 1990. The law states the overall rules in the working environment field. Main chapters: aim of the law; requirements relating to the working environment; obligations of workers and employers; obligations of producers and suppliers; role of the labour inspectorate in case of major changes in enterprises; reporting of occupational injuries; safety and health committees; rules on working hours, leave and payment; employment and dismissal of workers; labour inspection; penalties and enforcement of the law. (63689)

CIS 95-2 Consumer Protection - Health and Safety - The Personal Protective Equipment (EC Directive) (Amendment) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 4p. Price: GBP 1.10., ISBN 0-11-045326-3 (In English)

These Regulations (effective essentially 1 Jan.1995) give effect to Council Directive 93/95/EEC (CIS 94-778) amending Directive 89/686/EEC (CIS 90-381) concerning personal protective equipment (PPE). They principally authorize action by the enforcing authority to require the proper use of CE conformity markings. (63627)

CIS 95-3 Workplaces - Regulations and directives - 1994 [Germany]. (German: Arbeitsstätten - Vorschriften und Richtlinien 1994) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1994. 190p. Illus. Index. Price: DEM 28.50., ISBN 3-89429-462-0 (In German)

The 1st part of this update (previous version, see CIS 93-10) includes the version of the German Ordinance relating to workplaces (Arbeitsstättenverordnung) (with modifications as published in the Bundesarbeitsblatt 11/1993, p. 40) with marginal reference to the corresponding directives in effect in Germany. The Ordinance is divided into 8 chapters: general provisions; workplaces, passageways and installations inside buildings; outdoor workplaces; construction sites; open-air shopping areas; water-borne craft and floating workplaces; operation of workplaces; final provisions. The 2nd part contains 28 detailed directives (Richtlinien) on the implementation of the Ordinance. (63680)

CIS 95-4 Regulations amending the Regulations on the quality of the working environment [Canada - Quebec]. (French: Règlement modifiant le Règlement sur la qualité du milieu de travail [Canada - Québec]) Gazette officielle du Québec, 1 Dec. 1993, Year 125, No.50, Part 2, p.8205-8251. (In French)

The main purpose of these modifications of the Regulations on the quality of the working environment is the avoidance of unnecessary exposure to hazardous substances even if such exposure would be at below a tolerable level. In addition, employers unable to comply with articles 5 and 7 for technical reasons must supply the affected workers with respiratory protective equipment satisfying NIOSH and MSHA standards and make sure that they wear it. These modifications also affect "excursion limits", i.e. exposure limits for substances that have not been assigned a short-term exposure limit. In annex: list of TLVs (CAS number, TWA, STEL, skin and carcinogenicity notation) for approx. 900 substances; calculation of exposures for workers present at several work stations and for workers exposed to several substances; list of 42 substances whose recycling is prohibited; list of carcinogens (C1 and C2) and isocyanates. (63862)

CIS 95-5 Law on equipment safety 1993 - Law on equipment safety; Ordinances on electrical equipment, on toys, on gas operated installations and on noise information; Appendix A, B and C [Germany]. (German: Gerätesicherheitsgesetz 1993 - Gerätesicherheitsgesetz; Verordnungen für elektrische Betriebsmittel, für Spielzeug, für Gasverbrauchseinrichtungen und zur Maschinenlärminformation; Verzeichnisse A, B und C) Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 534p. Index. Price: DEM 74.00., ISBN 3-89429-389-6 (In German)

Apart from the revised version of the German Law of 23 Oct. 1992 on equipment safety (see also CIS 92-1447), this monograph contains provisions applicable to electrical equipment, toys and gas-operated installations. It also reproduces the provisions of relevant EEC directives (73/23/EEC (see CIS 75-1239), 88/378/EEC and 90/396/EEC) as well as the Ordinance relating to noise information. Also reproduced are appendices A, B and C of the general administrative Ordinance concerning the implementation of legislation on technical equipment. Appendix A contains the national standards and rules under the Law on Technical Equipment (DIN, VDE, DVGW and VDI standards) with a thematic index. Appendix B contains safety regulations, implementation and other directives, safety rules and information notes (Merkblätter). Appendix C contains French AFNOR standards applicable in Germany. (63610)

CIS 95-6 1993 Ordinance/Directive on machinery - Law on equipment safety; Ordinances on machinery and on noise information, on machine safeguards and on industrial trucks; Appendix on machines [Germany]. (German: Maschinenverordnung/Maschinenrichtlinie 1993 - Gerätesicherheitsgesetz; Verordnungen für Maschinen und zur Maschinenlärminformation, für Schutzaufbauten und für kraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge; Verzeichnis Maschinen) Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 262p. Index. Price: DEM 41.00., ISBN 3-89429-390-X (In German)

Updated version of report Rw 1, which has been divided into 4 volumes: Rw 1 (Law on Equipment Safety (LES), see CIS 95-5), this report Rw 9 and two volumes to be published later, one on personal protective equipment and the other on pressure vessels. Contents of this monograph: 23 Oct. 1992 version of the LES and of the related implementation directive; Order of 7 Sep. 1993 of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs on the use of EC conformity marking; 9th Ordinance of 12 May 1993 under the LES modifying related ordinances; directives 89/392/EEC, 91/368/EEC and 93/44/EEC; 3rd Ordinance under the LES (relating to noise information); 4th Ordinance under the LES (relating to the safety of construction equipment); 5th Ordinance (relating to industrial trucks). Index on machines (Part A: national standards, Part B: technical specifications). Subject index. (63640)

CIS 95-7 Ordinance No.30/1994 (8 Nov.) of the Minister of Industry and Commerce concerning the obligatory application of certain national standards; Ordinance No.21/1994 (23 Nov.) of the Minister of Welfare concerning the obligatory application of national standards [Hungary]. (Hungarian: Az ipari és kereskedelmi miniszter 30/1994. (XI.8.) IKM rendelete egyes nemzeti szabványok kötelező alkalmazásáról; A népjóléti miniszter 21/1994. (XI. 23.) NM rendelete nemzeti szabványok kötelező alkalmazásáról) Magyar Közlöny, 8 Nov. 1994, No.110, p.3702-3764; 23 Nov. 1994, No.115, p.3937-3939. (In Hungarian)

List of > 2000 Hungarian standards whose application is compulsory until 1999. Most of the standards are OSH-related, covering the following areas: mining; welding; foundries; machinery; transport and packaging; electrical safety; thermal plants; construction safety; heating and ventilation; ladders; chemical products; explosives; safety engineering and documentation; safety of sterilizing and other medical equipment; determination of atmospheric contaminants; air purity, temperature, ventilation and lighting requirements of workplaces; noise exposure limits; vibration measurement; ergonomics; materials movement; skin protection; protection against ionizing radiation. (63859)

CIS 95-8 Law No.93-121 of 27 January 1993 covering various social measures [France]. (French: Loi n°93-121 du 27 janvier 1993 portant diverses mesures d'ordre social [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 30 Jan. 1993, p.1576-1588. (In French)

The complementary system of compensation of occupational diseases introduced in France under Law No.93-121 of 27 Jan. 1993 enables a worker whose disease is not in the Schedules or who does not meet the listed criteria in the Schedules to seek compensation as long as the occupational origin of his condition is demonstrated following a contradictory assessment of his claim. Committees responsible for the implementation of these new provisions are being put in place (see CIS 95-162). The only articles microfiched by CIS are those that deal with the new system of workmen's compensation. (63745)

CIS 95-9 Mines and Minerals (Safety, Health and Environmental) Regulations, 1994 [Belize]. Government Printery, Belize, 1994. vi, 88p. (In English)

Regulations issued under the authority of the Mines and Minerals Act, 1988. They were gazetted on 30 Apr. 1994, Principal provisions concern: general provisions (including maximum hours and minimum age of employment, approvals, inspections, appointment of mine manager, supervision of workers, mine plans, elimination of hazards, worker training, safety and health committees, right to refuse dangerous work); environmental protection, reclamation and mine abandonment; safety in exploration; mine design and planning; machinery and equipment; electrical apparatus; buildings and structures; dumps, dams and lagoons; explosives; personnel safety and emergency preparedness; hoists and shafts; industrial hygiene; offences and penalties. (63622)

CIS 95-10 The Factories (Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing) Regulations 1994 [Singapore]. Republic of Singapore - Government Gazette (Subsidiary Legislation Supplement), 27 May 1994, No.26, p.749-804. (In English)

These Regulations were issued under the authority of the Factories Act, and came into effect (with some exceptions) on 1 June 1994. Contents: preliminary; general safety and health provisions; establishment and role of Vessel Safety Co-ordination Committees; the permit-to-work system; welding and cutting operations; control of hazardous materials; safety information and audits; scaffolds; material handling equipment; employees' lifts; cranes and derricks. (63625)

CIS 95-11 Health and Safety - The Management of Health and Safety at Work (Amendment) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 3p. Price: GBP 1.10., ISBN 0-11-043021-2 (In English)

These Regulations modify The Management of Health and Safety at Work 1992 (CIS 92-1754) by including provisions for the protection of new and expectant mothers (i.e. women who are pregnant, have given birth within the past 6 months or who breastfeed), in line with Directive 92/85/EEC (CIS 93-22). They require employers to conduct an assessment of risk to the health and safety of new or expectant mothers where work is of a kind that might involve such a risk. In order to avoid such a risk, the employer might be obliged to alter the working conditions or hours of work of the woman concerned, or even to suspend her from work as long as necessary. Under certain conditions, the employer might also suspend a new or expectant mother from night work. The employer is not obliged to apply the provisions of these Regulations to a woman who fails to notify the employer of her status as a new or expectant mother. (63857)

CIS 95-12 Mines Inspection Act 1901 - Mines Inspection General Rule 1994 [Australia - New South Wales]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 12p. (pages numbered 58,941 - 58,984). (In English)

This General Rule was made under the Mines Inspection Act 1901 (CIS 92-1066) and commenced on 1 Sep. 1994. It was gazetted on 31 Aug. 1994. It concerns: Occupational Safety and Health Policies; manager's and supervisor's responsibilities for mine safety; control of persons; dangerous working places (inspection, action to be taken); Check Inspectors chosen from among workers at the mine; prohibition and testing for alcohol and drugs; welfare facilities; medical screening; safety apparel and protective devices; safety and stability of mine workings; provisions relating to explosives and energy sources; ventilation; hazardous substances; buildings and structures; equipment and machinery; shafts and winding; emergency procedures and first aid. The Mines Inspection General Rules 1901 are repealed. (63858)

CIS 95-13 Health and Safety - The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Price: GBP 3.20., ISBN 0-11-043845-0 (In English)

These Regulations impose requirements and prohibitions with respect to design and management aspects of construction work. Insofar as temporary and mobile construction sites are concerned, they implement in Great Britain (with some exceptions) the provisions of Directive 92/57/EEC (CIS 93-1062). The Regulations define the safety roles of clients, developers, planning supervisors and contractors. They require the preparation of a health and safety plan before the construction phase of a project can be started. No person may work on a construction site if he has not been provided with specific kinds of safety information. (63875)

CIS 95-14 Maritime Labour Conventions and Recommendations [ILO]. (French: Conventions et recommandations sur le travail maritime [OIT]) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. vi, 194p. Index. Price: CHF 22.50., ISBN 92-2-107111-1 (Eng), ISBN 92-2-206340-6 (fr) (In English, French)

This publication contains the text of 28 ILO Conventions and 22 Recommendations dealing with conditions of employment of seafarers. It also gives the text of four ILO Conventions which apply to all workers including seafarers, but which are considered to form part of maritime minimum standards. Topics covered: general recommendations; training and entry into employment; conditions for admission to employment; certificates of competency; general conditions of employment; safety, health and welfare (food, accommodation, prevention of accidents, health protection and medical care); labour inspection; social security. (63581)

CIS 95-15 Decree-Law No.280-A/87 of 17 July 1987, establishing standards concerning the notification, classification, packaging and labelling of chemical substances [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei no. 280-A/87 de 1987.07.17, que estabelece normas relativamente às substâncias químicas quanto à notificação, classificação, embalagem, etiquetagem e rotulagem) In: Normas nacionais e da C.E.E. sobre substâncias químicas perigosas, Edição da Federação dos Sindicatos da Química, Farmacêutica, Petróleo e Gás, Lisboa, Portugal, [1992], p.28-30. (In Portuguese)

Contents of this law: definitions; hazard classification of chemicals; notification of chemicals; packaging and labelling requirements. (63772)

CIS 95-16 Act for protection against dangerous substances (Chemical Substances Act) [Germany]. (German: Gesetz zum Schutz vor gefährlichen Stoffen (Chemikaliengesetz - ChemG)) Bundesarbeitsblatt, 1994, No.10. p.110-128. (In German)

Consolidated version of the German law on dangerous chemicals, last modified by the Second Act on the Modification of the Chemical Substances Act (of 25 July 1994). It covers the following topics: introduction (scope of application, definitions, dangerous substances and preparations); notification of new substances; classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances, preparations and products; communication requirements; empowerments of the government to prohibit or limit the use of dangerous chemicals and to introduce protective measures for workers; good working practices; general regulations (testing certificates, setting up of advisory committees, monitoring of the application of the Act, protection of industrial secrets, fines etc.). In the appendix: principles of good work practices. (63874)

CIS 95-17 Order of 20 April 1994 relating to the notification, classification, packaging and labelling of substances [France]. (French: Arrêté du 20 avril 1994 relatif à la déclaration, la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Journal officiel de la République française, 8 May 1994, No.107, p.6753-6783. Illus. (In French)

The purpose of this Order, which repeals and replaces those of 10 Oct. 1983 (CIS 85-1321) and 14 Mar. 1986 (modified), is to define the information to be supplied concerning chemical substances in the workplace and the conditions according to which authorized organizations treat such information, as well as the conditions of packaging and labelling. There are 9 annexes: I - List of dangerous substances (cf. Directive 76/548/EEC as modified); II - Danger symbols and indications; III/IV - R and S phrases; V - Methods for the determination of physical, chemical, toxic and ecotoxic properties (cf. Dir. 76/548/EEC, as modified); VI - General criteria for classification and labelling; VII - Characteristics needed for technical dossiers (cf. articles R.231-52-3/4 of the Labour Code (L.C.) and art.3 of this Order, as it relates to polymers); VIII - Complementary information and testing, as required by art. R.231-52-3 of the L.C. and art.5 of this Order; IX - Special measures concerning child-proof covers and the detection of hazards to touching. (63598)

CIS 95-18 Decree No.94-181 of 1st March 1994 relating to the principles of classification and to the notification of dangerous substances and preparations and amendment of the French Labour Code (Part 2: Decrees by the Council of State) [France]. (French: Décret n°94-181 du 1er mars 1994 relatif aux principes de classement et à la déclaration des substances et préparations dangereuses et modifiant le code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Journal officiel de la République française, 2 March 1994, p.3381-3385. (In French)

This Decree modifies articles R-231-51 and R/231/52-1 - 16 of the French Labour Code. These modifications concern: the technical dossier that must be supplied to the organization authorized by art. L.231-7 of the Labour Code (INRS, ORFILA) by the manufacturer or importer of a new and /or dangerous substance/preparation; procedures for the rectification of the dossier and of labelling for certain substances (e.g. those showing reproductive toxicity or environmental risks). (63599)

CIS 95-19 Health and Safety - The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publication Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 27p. Illus. Price: GBP 4.70., ISBN 0-11-043721-7 (In English)

These Regulations (effective 16.1.1995) replace the 1988 COSHH Regulations (CIS 89-1092), as amended in 1991 and 1992 (CIS 92-369, 93-1077). They also implement the provisions of Directive 90/679/EEC (CIS 91-29) concerning biological hazards, while revoking The Health and Safety (Dangerous Pathogens) Regulations 1981. They impose duties on employers to protect employees and other persons who may be exposed to substances hazardous to health. These duties relate to: prohibition of importation (except from another EU state) of certain substances (2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-aminodiphenyl, 4-nitrodiphenyl, salts of these chemicals, matches made with white phosphorus); assessment of health risks; prevention and control of exposure; control measures; monitoring exposure; health surveillance; information, instruction and training; provisions on fumigation; exemption certificates. In the appendix: exposure limits for 42 substances; prohibition of certain substances for certain purposes; examination and testing frequency of local exhaust ventilation plant used in certain processes; specific substances for which monitoring or medical surveillance is required; fumigation exemptions and notifications; definition of carcinogens; special provisions relating to biological agents (including containment measures). (63851)

CIS 95-20 Council Directive of 12.12.1991 on hazardous waste; Council Directive 94/31/CE of 27.6.1994 amending Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste [European Communities]. (French: Directive du Conseil, du 12 décembre 1991, relative aux déchets dangereux; Directive 94/31/CE du Conseil, du 27.6.1994, modifiant la directive 91/689/CEE relative aux déchets dangereux [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 31 Dec. 1991, Vol.34, No.L 377, p.20-27; 2 July 1994, Vol.37, No.L 168, p.28. (In English, French)

This Directive is to be adopted by member States by 12.12.1993 (prolonged to 27.6.1995 by the Amendment). Its object is to approximate the laws of the member States on the controlled management of hazardous waste. Principal provisions concern: obligatory recording and identification of hazardous waste on sites where hazardous waste tipping (discharge) takes place; prohibition of the mixing of hazardous waste (except under specific conditions); application of certain provisions of Directive 75/442/EEC to hazardous waste; packaging, labelling, inspection and identification of hazardous waste during its collection, transportation and storage; drawing up of plans for the management of hazardous waste; protection of the environment in the case of emergencies; reporting of information to the Commission on enterprises handling hazardous waste. Directive 78/319/EEC (CIS 94-1816) is repealed as of 12.12.1993 (changed to 27.6.1995 by the Amendment). In annex: categories or generic types of hazardous waste listed according to their nature or the activity that generated them; constituents of wastes which render them hazardous; properties of wastes which render them hazardous. (63854)

CIS 95-21 Council Decision of 22 December 1994 establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1 (4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste [European Communities]. (French: Décision du Conseil du 22 décembre 1994 établissant une liste de déchets dangereux en application de l'article 1er paragraphe 4 de la directive 91/689/CEE relative aux déchets dangereux [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 31 Dec. 1994, Vol.37, No.L 356, p.14-22. (In English, French)

This Council Decision establishes a coded, though not exclusive, list of hazardous wastes (approx. 250 products). "Hazardous waste" is defined in the annexes of Directive 91-689/EEC (see CIS 95-20), with further specifications as having one or more of the following properties (all percentages in terms of total concentration): flash point ≤ 55°C; very toxic ≥ 0.1%; toxic ≥ 3%; harmful ≥ 25%; corrosive (R35) ≥ 1%; corrosive (R34) ≥ 5%; irritant (R41) ≥ 10%; irritant (R36-38) ≥ 20%; carcinogenic (1 or 2) ≥ 0.1%. The wastes are sorted by type and are accompanied by a six-digit code, the first two of which represent major classification groups and the second two represent lower-level classification groups. (63855)

CIS 95-22 Council Directive 94/55/EC of 21 Nov. 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road [European Communities]. (French: Directive 94/55/CE du Conseil, du 21 nov. 1994, relative au rapprochement des législations des Etats membres concernant le transport des marchandises dangereuses par route [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 12 Dec. 1994, Vol.37, No.L 319, p.7-13. (In English, French)

This Directive shall apply to the transport of dangerous goods by road within or between member States of the EC, except for such transport under the responsibility of the armed forces. Many of its provisions overlap those of the European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR, see CIS 93-361). The transport of certain dangerous goods by road is prohibited, while that of certain others is made subject to compliance with conditions regarding packaging, labelling, as well as the operation and mechanical condition of the vehicle. Special provisions are made for derogations and for the regulation of the transport of dangerous goods by road within the territory of an individual member State. The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee on the transport of dangerous goods. Member States shall implement this Directive within their national legislation by 1 Jan. 1997, at which time Directive 89/684/EEC (CIS 92-1087) shall be repealed. Annexes A and B correspond to those of the ADR. (63856)

CIS 95-23 Health and Safety - The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 43p. Illus. Price: GBP 6.75., ISBN 0-11-043877-9 (In English)

These Regulations implement in Great Britain the provisions of EEC Directives 92/32 (CIS 92-726) and 88/379 (CIS 91-21), together with their adaptations to technical progress. Contents: scope (dangerous substances and preparations, with the exception of radioactive substances, animal feeds, finished products intended for a final user, cosmetics, medicinal products, controlled drugs, pathogens, samples, munitions, foodstuff, pesticides, wastes, other exempted products); definition of the "approved supply list"; classification of substances and preparations dangerous for supply; safety data sheets; advertising; requirements for packaging, labelling and marking; child-resistant fastenings; retention of classification data on dangerous substances; exemption certificates. In schedules: classification of dangerous substances (by physico-chemical properties and health effects); classification of aerosols as flammable; methods for the determination of flash points; indications of danger, hazard warning signs and symbols for substances dangerous for supply; classification provisions for preparations dangerous for supply and for pesticides; headings under which particulars are to be provided in safety data sheets; particulars to be shown on labels for dangerous substances and preparations; modifications of regulations concerning the flash point of flammable liquids. Statutory Instrument 1993/1746 (CIS 93-1424) is revoked. (63873)

CIS 95-24 Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other Dangerous Atmospheres in Shipyard Equipment - Final rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 25 July 1994, Vol.59, No.141, p.37816-37863. 15 ref. (In English)

This final rule (effective 24 Oct. 1994) extends the protection afforded by previous rules (see CIS 89-1411) to workers entering any confined space or working in any other dangerous atmosphere in or out of a shipyard. It requires the authorization of a competent person before such work can take place. It also contains requirements for posting unsafe spaces, and for the safe performance of cleaning, cold work and hot work. Very extensive commentary and background information. (63878)

CIS 95-25 Retention of DOT Markings, Placards, and Labels - Final rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 19 July 1994, Vol.59, No.137, p.36695-36700. (In English)

This final rule (effective 17 Oct. 1994) requires employers who receive a package, transport vehicle or rail freight car containing hazardous materials and which is required to be marked, placarded or labelled in accordance with the Hazardous Materials Regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to retain those markings, placards or labels as long as the hazardous materials are present. Such markings, placards and labels must generally be retained on packages until the packaging is sufficiently cleaned of residues and purged of vapours to remove potential hazards. Extensive commentary. (63879)

CIS 95-26 Compendium of EU regulations on chemical substances and preparations [European Communities]. (German: EU-Regelungen zu chemischen Stoffen und Zubereitungen) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1994. 245p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-89429-455-8 (In German)

German-language version of the principal EC instruments (directives unless otherwise noted) dealing with chemical substances and preparations: 92/32/EEC (7th adaptation of 67/548/EEC), annexes of 67/548/EEC (danger signs, R and S phrases etc.), 93/90/EEC (exceptions for pesticides), 93/67/EEC (hazard evaluation), EINECS, ELINCS, reg. 793/93 (evaluation and control of existing substances), 88/379/EEC and 93/18/EEC (classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations), 91/155/EEC (MSDS), 76/769/EEC (restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations), regs. 2455/92 and 41/94 (export and import of certain dangerous chemicals), regs. 594/91 and 3952/92 (substances damaging the ozone layer), 90/313/EEC (free access to information on the environment). Useful addresses. (63863)

CIS 95-27 Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 March 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres [European Communities]. (French: Directive 94/9/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 23 mars 1994, concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres pour les appareils et les systèmes de protection destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosibles [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 19 Apr. 1994, Vol.37, No.L 100, p.1-29. Illus. (In English, French)

Contents of this Directive (to be adopted by member States by 1.9.1995 and to applied by them by 1.3.1996): scope, placing on the market and freedom of movement; conformity assessment procedures; CE conformity marking. In annexes: criteria determining the classification of equipment-groups into categories; essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and construction of equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres; procedure modules (EC-type examinations, production quality assurance, product verifications, conformity to type, product quality assurance, internal production controls, unit verification, CE marking, contents of the EC declaration of conformity, minimum criteria to be taken into account by member States for the notification of bodies). (63853)

CIS 95-28 Final Rule - Stay of Enforcement and correction - Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution; Electrical protective equipment [USA]. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 30 June 1994, Vol.59, No.125, p.33658-33664. (In English)

On 31 Jan. 1994, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued a new standard addressing the work practices to be used during the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, transmission and distribution facilities. In that document, the OSHA also revised the electrical protective equipment requirements contained in the General Industry Standards. This Notice stays the enforcement of some of the requirements contained in the electric power generation standard, corrects language in the preamble explaining the standard (particularly as it relates to the wearing of clothing for employees working on or near exposed energized parts) and corrects several errors in the standard. (63626)

CIS 95-29 Official Standard concerning safety and health conditions in workplaces where noise is generated [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana relativa a las condiciones de seguridad e higiene en los centros de trabajo donde se genere ruido [México]) Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Diario Oficial de la Federación, 6 July 1994, Vol.CDXC, No.4, p.78-89. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

Standard with legal force replacing Directive No.11 of 1985 (modified 1989, see CIS 94-1114). It covers: responsibilities of employers (hazard evaluation) and of workers (wearing of protective equipment); role of joint health and safety committees and of the government; basic requirements for hazard identification, evaluation and control; exposure reduction when the equivalent continuous sound level in the workplace is between 90-105dB(A); prohibition of exposure > 105dB(A); attenuation levels in function of the exposure. In annex: obligatory components of medical examinations and of audiometric tests; mathematical methods for the calculation of the equivalent continuous sound level; maximum exposure time permitted in function of noise levels; methods for the calculation of attenuation factors for PPE. (63621)

CIS 95-30 Vehicle inspection lifts [Norway]. (Norwegian: Billøftere) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep, 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 3rd ed., Dec. 1990. 12p. Illus. (In Norwegian)

This directive concerns the safety requirements of mobile or stationary lifts used for the lifting of vehicles. Main topics: technical obligations, lifting heights, speed, supports, moving parts, controls, safety devices, information and warnings to be affixed to lifts, use and maintenance. The directive came into force Sep. 1975 (CIS 77-14) with changes in 1979 and 1980. (63687)

CIS 95-31 Lifting devices and lifting tools [Norway]. (Norwegian: Løfteinnretninger og løfteredskap) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep, 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 2nd ed., Aug. 1990. 27p. Illus. Index. (In Norwegian)

Rules applied to devices used in connection with cranes. Main topics: General obligations, design, safety devices, electrical devices, hydraulic devices, information and warnings to be affixed to the equipment, mounting, tests, marking, monitoring, obligations on the operator and use of the lifting devices. The original 1974 directive (CIS 75-2) was amended to 1984. (63688)

CIS 95-32 Directive on design and use of moveable containers for compressed gases [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om Indretningen og Brugen af transportable Beholdere for sammentrykkede, fordraabede eller under Tryk opløste Luftarter) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1935. 12p. (In Danish)

This directive states the regulation applying to design and use of containers. The design criteria cover quality of material, testing of materials and assembling methods. The directive describes how to fill the containers. Safe use of the containers involves mainly prevention of heating and mechanical shock. The containers are to be tested before use and regularly thereafter these tests involve pressure and weight testing. (63709)

CIS 95-33 Directive on amendment to the directive on design and use of moveable containers for compressed gases [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse hvorved Socialministeriet......Ændring i Socialministeriels Bekendtgørelse Nr. 338 af 11. december 1935 om Indretningen og Brugen af transportable Beholdere for sammentrykkede, fordraabede eller under Tryk opløste Luftarter) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1939. 2p. (In Danish)

This directive states the procedures that are to be followed when emptying chlorine containers under pressure. (63710)

CIS 95-34 Mine lifts [Norway]. (Norwegian: Gruveheisanlegg) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, Feb. 1990, 76p. Illus. Index. (In Norwegian)

This booklet is a combination of a directive and guidelines for safe design and use of mine lifts. The first part covers the obligations, which came into force 1 July 1980. The second part gives guidelines on how to comply with the rules, and guidelines on good practice. Main issues are strength, electrical components, mechanical components, different parts of the lift complex (machine room, shaft etc.), signaling and sign posting, operators, instructions for use, tests and controls. (63740)

CIS 95-35 Safety Standards for Fall Protection in the Construction Industry - Final rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 9 Aug. 1994, Vol.59, No.152, p.40672-40753. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

This final rule (effective 6 Feb. 1995) provides a revision of safety standards regulating fall protection systems and procedures in the construction industry (for original version, see 29 CFR 1926, CIS 89-21). Prevention of falls by persons and protection against falling objects are both covered. The final rule either maintains or increases minimum safety requirements, but it does so using more performance-oriented rather than specification-oriented language. It also consolidates and simplifies many existing provisions. There is extensive commentary and background information. (63880)

CIS 95-36 Decree No.94-352 of 4 May 1994 relating to the protection of workers against risks resulting from their exposure to biological agents and amending the French Labour Code (second part: Decrees by the Council of State) [France]. (French: Décret n°94-352 du 4 mai 1994 relatif à la protection des travailleurs contre les risques résultant de leur exposition à des agents biologiques et modifiant le Code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Journal officiel de la République française, 6 May 1994, p.6620-6623. (In French)

This Decree implements into French legislation the provisions of Directive 90/679/EEC (as modified) (see CIS 91-29) and it introduces new measures into the French Labour Code (articles R.231-60 to R.231-65-3). These particular safety and health measures apply to establishments where there is a risk of exposure to biological agents. The measures cover: general rules for the evaluation and prevention of biological hazards (in particular: provision of workers with equipment adapted to the risk; introduction of collective and personal protection measures; implementation of hygiene measures designed to eliminate or reduce the risk of propagation of infection; etc.); training and information; measures for special activities (those involving contact with patients, or with live or dead animals, in hospitals, laboratories etc.); medical supervision of workers potentially exposed to biological agents. This Decree shall be implemented according to modalities to be defined by Government orders to be issued in the future. (63597)

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CIS 95-37 Butylene oxide (stabilized). (Spanish: 1,2-Epoxibutano (estabilizado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0636. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; corrosive effects on the eyes. Long-term exposure effects: tumors detected in experimental animals. (63881)

CIS 95-38 Ethyl formate. (Spanish: Formiato de etilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0623. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the liver and kidneys. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 100ppm; 303mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63882)

CIS 95-39 Ethylhexaldehyde. (Spanish: 2-Etilhexanal) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0621. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63883)

CIS 95-40 Methylformate. (Spanish: Formiato de metilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0664. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 100ppm; 246mg/m³; STEL: 150ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63884)

CIS 95-41 Fluoroethylene (liquefied). (Spanish: Fluoroetileno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0598. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); frostbite. (63885)

CIS 95-42 Fonofos. (Spanish: Fonofos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0708. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); inhibition of blood cholinesterase. Long term exposure effects: depression of blood cholinesterase; cumulative effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63886)

CIS 95-43 Phosphine. (Spanish: Fosfina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0694. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; may affect the nervous system, blood, liver, kidneys and heart; methaemoglobinaemia; frostbite. Long term exposure effects: cumulative effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.3ppm; 0.4mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.1mg/m³ (USSR 1984). (63887)

CIS 95-44 Stibine. (Spanish: Estibamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0776. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; may affect the blood (haemolysis), kidneys, liver and central nervous system. Long term exposure effects: may cause birth defects in humans (experimental animals). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.1ppm; 0.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63888)

CIS 95-45 Triethyl phosphite. (Spanish: Fosfito de trietilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0684. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (63889)

CIS 95-46 Divinylbenzene (mixed isomers). (Spanish: Divinilbenceno (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0885. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 10ppm; 53mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63890)

CIS 95-47 Enflurane. (Spanish: Enflurano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0887. International chemical safety card. Long term exposure effects: at narcotic concentrations may cause effects on the liver. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 75ppm; 566mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63891)

CIS 95-48 Formamide. (Spanish: Formamida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0891. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: may affect the liver; may cause birth malformations (experimental animals). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 10ppm; 18mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63892)

CIS 95-49 Phenazone. (Spanish: Fenazona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0376. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; may affect the kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys and blood-cell production; decreased disease resistance. (63893)

CIS 95-50 Diallyl phthalate. (Spanish: Ftalato de dialilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0430. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and skin; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver (necrosis). Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63894)

CIS 95-51 Tributyl phosphate. (Spanish: Fosfato de tributilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0584. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); blood cholinesterase inhibition. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; cumulative effects (important depression of blood cholinesterase). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.2ppm; 2.2mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.5mg/m³ P (USSR 1988). (63895)

CIS 95-52 p-Dichlorobenzene. (Spanish: p-Diclorobenceno) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1994, Vol.56, No.8. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract; skin eruption; hepatic toxicity (jaundice). (63896)

CIS 95-53 Ethylenediamine. (Spanish: Etilenediamina) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1994, Vol.56, No.8. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; sensitization (dermatitis, asthma); may affect the liver, kidneys and lungs. (63897)

CIS 95-54 Morpholine. (Spanish: Morfolina) Noticias de seguridad, July 1994, Vol.56, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; dermatitis; corneal damage; may affect the respiratory system, liver and kidneys. (63898)

CIS 95-55 Lindane. (Spanish: Lindano) Noticias de seguridad, July 1994, Vol.56, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; haematotoxic effects; aplastic anaemia; skin eruptions; may affect the liver, kidneys and respiratory system; carcinogenic effects in experimental animals. (63899)

CIS 95-56 Diacetone alcohol. (Spanish: Alcohol de diacetona) Noticias de seguridad, June 1994, Vol.56, No.6. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; dermatitis; narcotic effects; may affect the liver, kidneys and respiratory system. (63900)

CIS 95-57 Ethyl bromide. (Spanish: Bromuro de etilo) Noticias de seguridad, June 1994, Vol.56, No.6. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; narcotic effects; dermatitis; may affect the liver, kidneys, respiratory system and cardiovascular system (myocardial damage). (63901)

CIS 95-58 Chlorocamphene. (Spanish: Canfeno clorado) Noticias de seguridad, May 1994, Vol.56, No.5. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the skin and skin diseases; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; may affect the liver and kidneys; carcinogenic effects in experimental animals. (63902)

CIS 95-59 Dieldrin. (Spanish: Dieldrín) Noticias de seguridad, May 1994, Vol.56, No.5. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the skin; dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; haematotoxic effects (haemolytic anaemia); cataracts; may affect the liver and kidneys. (63903)

CIS 95-60 Dichlorodifluoromethane (DCDFM). (Spanish: Diclorodifluorometano (DCDFM)) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 1994, Vol.56, No.4. 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: narcotic effects; cardiovascular disorders; myocardial diseases; frostbite; asphyxia. (63904)

CIS 95-61 Ethylenimine. (Spanish: Etilenoimina) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 1994, Vol.56, No.4. 5p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); pulmonary oedema; sensitization dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidneys. (63905)

CIS 95-62 Trichlorphon. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); serum cholinesterase inhibition; convulsions; respiratory insufficiency. Long term exposure effects: cumulative effects; important depression of blood cholinesterase. (63906)

CIS 95-63 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (63907)

CIS 95-64 Phenol, 2,3,5-trichloro-. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; no data are available on this isomer, but a mixture of trichlorophenols may cause irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and acute toxic effects on the central nervous system. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; a related substance, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, is possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63908)

CIS 95-65 Phenol, 2,3,6-trichloro-,. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; no data are available on this isomer, but a mixture of trichlorophenols may cause toxic effects on the central nervous system. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; a related substance, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, is possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63909)

CIS 95-66 Trichlorosilane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive effects on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reactions. Long term exposure effects: may affect the respiratory system. (63910)

CIS 95-67 Triisopropanolamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 2mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63911)

CIS 95-68 Trimethyl borate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (63912)

CIS 95-69 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. (63913)

CIS 95-70 Urea. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: eye irritation. (63914)

CIS 95-71 Vanadium pentoxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; tracheitis; bronchitis; bronchospasm; systemic poisoning. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs; discolouring of the tongue. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as V): 0.05mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK (as V): 0.1mg/m³ (USSR 1979). (63915)

CIS 95-72 Vinyl fluoride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); frostbite. (63916)

CIS 95-73 Xylidine (mixed isomers). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys, liver and red blood cells. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm; 2.5mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63917)

CIS 95-74 Helium. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: frostbite; chemical burns; risk of suffocation in confined areas. (63918)

CIS 95-75 Krypton. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: frostbite; chemical burns; risk of suffocation in confined areas. (63919)

CIS 95-76 Octadiene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs. (63920)

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CIS 95-77 Subcontracting work, a safety guide. (French: Intervention d'entreprises extérieures. Aide-mémoire pour la prévention des risques) Institut national de Recherche et de Sécurité, INRS, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1992. 24p. Illus., ISBN 2-7389-0201-4 (In French)

Subcontracting may involve work in another enterprise, on unknown premises, where one is not used to the activities carried out. This can lead to exposure to additional hazards. The guide is aimed at helping enterprises to organize and establish safety procedures when they prepare and follow-up the tasks to be done by subcontractors. This safety programme is explained in the context of the French decree No. 92-158 of 20 February 1992 (full text with commentaries). The pamphlet does not deal with special hazards related to the enterprises themselves but with the additional hazards due to the interference among enterprises. (63669)

CIS 95-78 How to better know one's working place. (French: Mieux connaître son poste de travail) Verboven X., ed., Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique, Service Entreprises de la FGTB, rue Haute 42, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1994. Guide (17p.) + videocassette. Price: BEL 1500. (In French)

Training module consisting of three elements. The first one is a videocassette aimed at a general audience. Its objective is to motivate workers to use the experience of their own workplace in detecting unsafe situations and reporting them to the safety representative. A safety guide issued as a pocket book reviews the problems dealt with in the film. Safety data sheets help safety representatives to answer questions by workers and to help workers to ask for appropriate preventive measures. (63670)

CIS 95-79 What you should know about safety and health in the workplace. (Portuguese: O que interessa saber sobre segurança, higiene, saúde no local de trabalho) Edições e Documentos da CGTP-IN, Lisboa, Portugal, [1992]. 33p. (In Portuguese)

Training booklet on the application of Portuguese Decree-Law 441/91 concerning the framework for safety and health in the workplace (CIS 92-708). It covers and explains the main sections of the Law: regulations; general principles; definition of policies, coordination and evaluation of results; financing; licensing and authorization procedures; consultation and participation of workers; general obligations of employers and workers; information and representation of workers; occupational health and safety committees; training. In annex: explanation of concepts; survey of Portuguese OSH legislation. (63773)

CIS 95-80 Guidance note for the development of tertiary level courses for professional education in occupational health and safety. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Aug. 1994. vii, 26p. 28 ref., ISBN 0-644-35263-9 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/927FE2ED-EDA1-4A07-8CB0-56A3A8E6597F/0/Terti…
   …aryEducation_GN_NOHSC3020_1994.pdf

This document provides general guidance on minimum requirements for the development or modification of tertiary occupational health and safety (OHS) education programmes. National initiatives in OHS education and training in Australia are outlined along with the philosophy of tertiary-level OHS education. Guidance is given on core learning objectives and on programme development and review. Appendices include sources of information with address and telephone number and a checklist for choosing an OHS course. (63803)

CIS 95-81 Occupational hygiene training modules - African Safety and Health Project (Training and Information). Foster G., Grantham D., African Safety and Health Project, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. 513+90p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Course material developed by Worksafe Australia suitable either for a ten-day course on occupational hygiene for factory inspectors or a one-day course for factory managers. It includes a tutor's guide, students' notes, case studies and test questions (with answers). Good illustrations, with many flowcharts and check lists. Main subjects covered: hazardous work environments and agents; hazard recognition; aerosols; metals; gases and vapours; evaluation of hazardous substances; exposure limits; Biological Exposure Indices; workplace monitoring; air and gas sampling; hazard controls; occupational hygiene surveys; ventilation; management of chemicals; personal protective equipment; asbestos and other fibres; biological hazards; confined spaces; pesticides; organic dusts in agriculture; physical agents; ergonomics. (63852)

CIS 95-82 Manual on safety at work. (Spanish: Manual para la seguridad en el trabajo) Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1990. 14p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

The basic safety precautions to be taken at the workplace are covered through the use of humorous illustrations and accompanying simple text. (63926)

CIS 95-83 Guide to the establishment of occupational health committees. (Spanish: Guía para la formación de las Comisiones de Salud Ocupacional) Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1988. 12p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

(63927)

CIS 95-84 Essentials of industrial hygiene. (Spanish: Fundamentos de higiene industrial) Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1992. 11p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Manual on industrial hygiene. Topics are covered in a simple style with numerous illustrations. Subjects include: basic concepts, such as definition of health and of occupational hygiene; routes of entry of contaminants and classification of contaminants agents into physical, chemical and biological; permissible levels of contaminants; prevention and control of occupational illnesses. (63785)

CIS 95-85 Health and safety risk management. Guide for designing an effective program. Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA, May 1994. xxii, 310p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: USD 225.00 plus shipping (USD 4.00 USA, USD 6.00 elsewhere)., ISBN 0-86587-397-6 (In English)

This manual is in 3 parts: I. General health and safety - company health and safety policy; general safety information; housekeeping. II. Accident prevention - accident prevention programs; accident/injury reporting; work in confined spaces; environmental, safety and health training; first aid; hot work; line seal and flange breaking; lockout/tag procedure; respiratory protection; spill prevention. III. Hazard communication - air contaminants; biological agents and pathogens; carcinogens; chemical storage; emergency management plan; right-to-know program; hazardous wastes; medical surveillance; environmental site assessment. (63760)

CIS 95-86 Toxic nephropathies - Aetiology and preclinical markers for epidemiological surveillance. (Spanish: Nefropatías tóxicas - Etiología y marcadores preclínicos para la vigilancia epidemiológica) Marqués Marqués F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, Sep. 1991. 94p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-332-2 (In Spanish)

Manual and technical information note on nephropathies caused by toxic substances and their epidemiological monitoring. Topics covered: economic impact; renal physiopathology and aetiological classification of nephropathies; renal dysfunction caused by metals and solvents; renal function assessment; biological monitoring of toxic nephropathies and epidemiological surveillance. (63782)

CIS 95-87 Case studies in occupational epidemiology. Steenland K., ed., Oxford University Press Inc., Business Office, 2001 Evans Road, Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA, 1993. ix, 208p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 35.00., ISBN 0-19-506831-9 (In English)

This manual provides material for teaching epidemiology. Thirteen case studies are presented arranged in four parts: cohort studies (video display terminals and adverse pregnancy outcomes; heart disease and carbon monoxide exposure; larynx cancer and exposure to acid mists); case-control and proportionate mortality studies (end-stage renal disease; cancer and exposure to vinyl chloride, diesel exhausts and silica); cross-sectional studies (kidney dysfunction in cadmium workers; carpal tunnel syndrome among grocery store workers; cytogenetic study of workers exposed to ethylene dibromide); surveillance and screening studies (occupational lead surveillance; bladder cancer among chemical workers; occupational skin disease and contact dermatitis). (63764)

CIS 95-88 First-aid manual. (Spanish: Manual de primeros auxilios) Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1991. i, 121p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Manual on first aid and emergency treatment of the injured. Topics covered: basic concepts; external haemorrhages; bandages; wounds; burns; shock; frostbite; foreign bodies; respiratory and cardiac arrest; poisoning; fractures; transport of the injured. Simple and clear illustrations help to understand the different subjects. (63784)

CIS 95-89 Safety, hygiene and health in the workplace: The food and fish canning industries. (Portuguese: Segurança, higiene e saúde no local de trabalho: Actividades agro-alimentares, transformação do pescado) Pedro A., Instituto do Emprego e Formação Profissional, Lisboa, Portugal, 1992. 24p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Illustrated booklet aimed at the information and training of workers in the food and fish canning industries. It covers: proper work clothing; personal hygiene; periodic medical examinations; proper layout of workplaces; accidents in the workplace; fire safety; how to prevent pest infestations; cleanliness and sterilization; safety signs. (63776)

CIS 95-90 Some health and safety standards in agricultural work: Pesticides, agricultural machinery. (Portuguese: Algumas normas de higiene e segurança no trabalho agricola: Pesticidas, máquinas agricolas) Sindicato da Agricultura, Alimentação e Florestas, Largo Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, 29-2, 1294 Lisboa Codex, Portugal, 1992. 41p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Illustrated brochure aimed at farmers. It discusses the basics of the safe use of pesticides and of agricultural machinery. (63777)

CIS 95-91 Staying healthy. A guide for workers in farming, forestry and horticulture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 23p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This guide describes the potential health hazards associated with farming, forestry and horticulture and provides guidance on causes, warning signs and preventive measures. Contents: chemical hazards from fertilizers or feed additives; respiratory problems caused by dust, vapours, fumes, etc; infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, moulds and parasites; manual handling; mental health; noise; skin problems; suffocation in confined spaces; upper limb disorders; vibration. (63845)

CIS 95-92 Manual of risk prevention in agriculture. (Spanish: Manual de prevención de riesgos en la agricultura) Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, [1993]. 36p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

The various hazards associated with agricultural work are covered through the use of humorous illustrations and accompanying simple text. (63925)

CIS 95-93 Vehicle repair and servicing. (French: Réparation et entretien des véhicules automobiles) Guillemin C., Institut national de Recherche et de Sécurité, INRS, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1992. 71p. Illus., ISBN 2-7389-0199-9 (In French)

In France, the frequency rate of occupational accidents occurring in vehicle repair shops if far above the national average. This type of work is generally carried out by small enterprises where hazards are of many different kinds. This guide, intended for employers, reviews preventive measures to be applied. Aspects dealt with: general housekeeping rules (floors, fires, explosions, electrical equipment, noise, dangerous products); lifting and carrying; tools and equipment; special tasks; French legislation. (63666)

CIS 95-94 Understand what you do - Do it safely. (Portuguese: Saiba o que faz. Faça-o em segurança) Sindicato Nacional de Ferroviários e Afins, Lisboa, Portugal, 1992. 16p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Safety guide aimed at railway workers. It covers: working postures; manual handling; work on VDU screens; noise. (63775)

CIS 95-95 Prevention of diseases and accidents in the chemical industry. (Portuguese: Prevenção da doença e acidentes na indústria química) Edição da Federação dos Sindicatos da Química, Farmacêutica, Petróleo e Gás, Lisboa, Portugal, [1992]. 47p.+ insert (xv p.). Illus. (In Portuguese)

Training manual aimed at workers in the chemical industry. Main topics covered: humanization of work; detection, evaluation and reduction of occupational hazards; identification of the principal occupational problems (occupational diseases, non-occupational diseases connected with work, occupational accidents, physiological strain provoked by certain activities); statistical data on OSH in Portugal; schedule of occupational diseases in Portugal; survey of legislation on compensation of occupational diseases and on occupational health services; survey of OSH services; national OSH organizations. Glossary. In insert: coded list of occupational diseases in the chemical industry (causal agents, clinical manifestations, maximum time allowed between exposure and appearance of the disease, types of work susceptible of provoking the disease). (63774)

CIS 95-96 Practical guide to safety and health in the chemical industry. (Portuguese: Guia prático de higiene e segurança para a indústria química) Edição da Federação dos Sindicatos da Química, Farmacêutica, Petróleo e Gás, Lisboa, Portugal, [1992]. 52p. Illus. Index. (In Portuguese)

Training guide aimed at workers in the chemical industry. It covers: basic concepts of occupational health; occupational diseases and accidents, their consequences and prevention; risk factors (temperature, lighting, noise, vibration, radiation); toxic products and chemical contaminants; materials handling; personal protective equipment; electricity; fire hazards, fire safety and fire fighting; occupational hygiene measures (cleanliness, welfare facilities, eating areas); warning signs; machine guarding; alcohol and its dangers. (63778)

CIS 95-97 Visual display health & safety package - The UK regulations: Strategy for safety. CCD Products Ltd., Allen House, Egham, Surrey TW20 9LB, United Kingdom, 1992. 1 video cassette + 2 manuals (iii, 13 + 35p., Illus.). (In English)

This video programme, aimed at managers and workers using visual display units (VDUs), explains how to implement new legislation concerning the use of VDUs in the workplace. Two manuals accompany the programme: The EC Directive - Strategy for safety and In your own interest - User manual (illustrated guide to sitting posture, proper use of arms and shoulders, screen legibility and daily checklist for VDU operators). (63623)

CIS 95-98 National and EEC standards concerning dangerous chemicals. (Portuguese: Normas [nacionais e da C.E.E.] sobre substâncias químicas perigosas) Edição da Federação dos Sindicatos da Química, Farmacêutica, Petróleo e Gás, Lisboa, Portugal, [1992]. 41p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Training manual aimed at a labour union audience concerning the regulatory aspects of the use of chemicals in Portugal, with particular attention paid to directives of the European Communities. Contents: general considerations and explanation of the concept of exposure limits; effects of chemicals on the organism (risk of exposure, paths of entry, metabolism and elimination, chronic and acute poisoning); relevant international instruments (EEC directives, ILO Conventions and Recommendations); Portuguese legislation; safety signs and labelling; sample material safety data sheets; relevant aspects of general Portuguese OSH legislation for industrial establishments; synoptic table of Portuguese legislation on chemicals. Glossary of terms. (63771)

CIS 95-99 Guide to cardiovascular toxic agents in the work environment. (Spanish: Guía de agentes tóxicos cardiovasculares en el medio laboral) Cisnal Gredilla J.M., Pérez Retuerta G., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, June 1991. 76p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-331-4 (In Spanish)

Manual and technical information note on toxic substances causing cardiovascular problems. Topics covered: occupational cardiovasculopathy, its physiopathology and classification; effects of metals and their compounds; pulmonary oedema caused by organic and inorganic compounds; myocardial sensitization to endogenous adrenalin due to halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds; arrhythmia provoked by pesticides; substances causing hypoxia; substances provoking muscular degeneration; substances with activity affecting smooth muscles; substances inducing vasoconstriction; general preventive measures. (63781)

CIS 95-100 Shell Agriculture Safety Guide. Shell International Chemical Company Ltd., Crop Protection Division, Shell Centre, London SE1 7PG, United Kingdom, 1990. x, 253p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. (In English)

This safety guide is the principal source of advice on safety and safe handling of crop protection products (pesticides, principally) commercialized by Shell. It consists of 4 parts: 1 - General advice: safety precautions, toxicity, storage, transport, accident procedures, personal protection, environmental protection, safety in use, waste disposal, emergencies, in case of poisoning. 2 - Detailed medical advice in case of poisoning by: organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorine (OC) compounds, pyrethroids and anticoagulant rodenticides (including poisoning in domestic animals). 3 - Analytical methods: cholinesterase activity in human whole blood; OC compounds in blood; cholinesterase inhibitors in water; determination of prothrombin time in blood using "Normotest". 4 - Product Advice Sheets for 40 substances or groups of substances: each containing information on name(s), WHO Hazard Class, formulation types, hazard summary, storage, transport, personal protection, environmental protection, safety in use, waste disposal, emergency situations (leaks and spills etc.), what to do in case of poisoning, medical advice. (63860)

CIS 95-101 Training programme on the safe handling of pesticides - Guide to the safe handling of pesticides. (Spanish: Programa de educación. Manejo seguro de los plaguicidas - Guía para el manejo seguro de plaguicidas) Cámara Insumos Agropecuarios, Apdo.: 691-2150 Moravia, San José, Costa Rica, 1993. 45p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

(63921)

CIS 95-102 Training programme on the safe handling of pesticides - Pesticide classes. (Spanish: Programa de educación. Manejo seguro de plaguicidas - Clases de plaguicidas) Matarrita L., Aguilar L., Cámara Insumos Agropecuarios, Apdo.: 691-2150 Moravia, San José, Costa Rica, 2nd ed., 1992. 14p. Illus. 4 ref. ### (In Spanish)

(63922)

CIS 95-103 Training programme on the safe handling of pesticides - Formulations and additives. (Spanish: Programa de educación. Manejo seguro de plaguicidas - Formulaciones y aditivos) Fonseca J., Matarrita L., Cámara Insumos Agropecuarios, Apdo.: 691-2150 Moravia, San José, Costa Rica, 2nd ed., 1993. 12p. 3 ref. ### (In Spanish)

(63923)

CIS 95-104 Manual on accident prevention during the use of pesticides. (Spanish: Manual de prevención de accidentes con plaguicidas) Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1989. 22p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

(63924)

CIS 95-105 Electricity and worker safety. (Spanish: Electricidad y la seguridad del trabajador) Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union (RWDSU), 30 E. 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA, 1994. 1 videotape + Manual (42p., illus.). ### (In English, Spanish)

Videotape and user's manual on electrical safety in the workplace, with particular attention paid to workers in commercial enterprises. (63931)

CIS 95-106 Noise control. Worksafe Australia, GPO BOX 58, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia, 1991. v, 111p. Illus. (In English)

Heavily illustrated training manual, aimed directly at workers. Contents: health effects of noise; basic concepts and terms of noise control; application of noise control principles (sound behaviour; sound from vibrating plates; sound production in air, gases and liquids; sound movement indoors and in ducts; sound from vibrating machines; sound reduction in enclosure walls); noise control measures (changes in machinery and equipment; materials handling; machine enclosure; control of noise from vibrating surfaces; damping; sound insulating separate rooms; maintenance; planning of noise control). (63877)

CIS 95-107 Essential information on the use and abuse of drugs in the working environment. (Portuguese: Informação essencial sobre o uso/abuso de drogas em meio laboral) Fundação Portuguesa para o Estudo, Prevenção e Tratamento da Toxicodependência, Largo do Colégio, n°5-2750 Cascais, Portugal, 1992. 9p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Information and training booklet on how to avoid problems related to drugs (including alcohol) in the workplace. (63780)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 95-108 Health and safety: Education for life. Journal of Health and Safety, July 1994, No. 10, p.1-83. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 4.50 if sold separately. (In English)

Proceedings of the British Health and Safety Society's 13th annual conference on health and safety education held in Great Malvern, Worcestershire, United Kingdom, 21-22 October 1993. Papers cover aspects of children's training for health and safety in general and include: developing a strategy for health and safety education; safety education in schools; the transition from education to employment; children's safety on farms; transferring a company's safety culture to the home environment; accident prevention in day care and play settings; health and safety law applied to leisure activities. (63721)

CIS 95-109 A case-control study of possible risk factors in the causation of occupational injury. Gun R.T., Ryan C.F., Safety Science, Aug. 1994, Vol.18, No.1, p.1-13. 16 ref. (In English)

An investigation was made of 98 worksites where severe or moderately severe injuries had recently been reported, and of matching worksites where similar accidents had not occurred for a period of two years. Results indicated that while safety management practices have already been widely adopted, the link between "desirable" safety management practices (safety training of management, operator training) and risk of injury is weak and inconsistent. It is suggested that campaigns to increase the uptake of such measures are unlikely to be of great benefit and that there is still an important role for regulations aimed at specific hazards. (63791)

CIS 95-110 Study of work conditions in 1993 and general orientations for 1994 - Activity of the Higher Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks. (French: Bilan des conditions de travail 1993 et orientations générales 1994. Activité du Conseil supérieur de la prévention des risques professionnels) Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.57, p.33-48. Illus. (In French)

This document reproduces excerpts from the chapter "Examination of work conditions 1993" of the Annual Report of the French Higher Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks devoted to the Council's activities in occupational medicine. Work carried out by various committees in 1993 is presented, followed by an overview of the general policies and of the action programme for 1994. (63638)

CIS 95-111 Safeguarding the employer from an unsafe subcontractor. Wilton M., Accident Prevention, Nov.-Dec. 1994, Vol.41, No.6, p.16-18. ### (In English)

This article discusses the legal aspects in Ontario (Canada) of OSH responsibilities for work performed by subcontractors. (63941)

CIS 95-112 Computerization and occupational risks: How to elaborate the "Enterprise File". (French: Surveillance informatisée des risques professionnels: aide à l'élaboration de la fiche d'entreprise) Martin J.M., Robaux P., Kadiri A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.19-24. Illus. 15 ref. (In French)

This article suggests a computerization of the "Enterprise File" ("fiche d'entreprise"), possible once the workplaces existing in a company have been analyzed. This particular description is oriented towards risk factors and is done using the Workplace Description Method. Three different ways are suggested in order to acquire information included in the "Entreprise File": a) job-exposure matrix; b) special screens for data acquisition; c) manual acquisition. (63612)

CIS 95-113 Minor injuries - A poorly known aspect of occupational accidents. (Italian: Medicazioni e franchigie - Aspetti poco noti del fenomeno infortunistico) Zocchetti C., Ferrario M., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.205-218. Illus. 21 ref. (In Italian)

Statistical analysis of compensated and non-compensated (without absence and with < 3 days absence) occupational accidents in an Italian automobile plant, and discussion (based on a survey of the literature) of the difference between the two types of accidents. The main conclusion is that up to 90% of accidents in workplaces result in non-compensable injuries and that the epidemiology of such injuries is significantly different from that of compensable accidents. In particular, non-compensable injuries tend to involve cuts, injuries caused by foreign objects and injuries of the eyes and the hands, while compensable injuries tend to involve contusions (bruises), musculo-skeletal problems and injuries of the trunk and the joints. (63696)

CIS 95-114 Electronic communication for hygienists: Bulletin board systems. Tencer G.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.257-260. (In English)

Discussion of how electronic bulletin boards systems (BBSs) work, and what these systems can be used for. Hardware and software needed to use BBSs are outlined. A list of BBSs useful to safety and health professionals are given. (63708)

CIS 95-115 Environment, occupation and health: A current perspective for the future in Hungary. Öri I., Füzesi Z., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.4, p.335-340. (In English)

Issues concerning environmental and occupational health in Hungary are discussed with reference to recent economic reform and problems inherited from the previous regime. The significance of appropriate legal regulations is emphasized along with better understanding of environmental and occupational health, the role of society in the decision-making process and the need for appropriate training of doctors and workers for the protection of health and the environment. (63834)

CIS 95-116 Occupational health and safety considerations for workplace agreements. Worksafe Australia, GPO Box 58, Sydney NSW 2001, Australia, [1994]. 12p. (In English)

This booklet discusses the importance of including occupational health and safety strategies in workplace agreements aimed at improving efficiency and productivity. The need for awareness of existing legislation is discussed and guidance is given on how to address health and safety issues in the workplace agreement. The use of performance indicators is outlined. (63826)

CIS 95-117 Safety at work. Ridley J., Butterworth Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 4th ed., 1994. xxii, 794p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 65.00. Available from: Reed Book Services Ltd., P.O. Box 5, Rushden NN10 9YX, United Kingdom., ISBN 0-7506-0746-7 (In English)

This manual is arranged in four parts: I. Safety and health law and related legislation in the United Kingdom. II. The management of risk: principles, techniques and practices of risk management; accident investigation and reporting; individual behaviour; organization for safety; employer's obligations. III. Occupational health and hygiene: the structure and functions of the human body; occupational diseases; occupational hygiene; radiation; noise and vibration; workplace pollution, heat and ventilation; lighting; ergonomics and human error. IV. General science: engineering science; fire precautions; safe use of machinery; mechanical handling; electricity; statutory engineering inspections; safety on construction sites; safe use of chemicals. (63843)

CIS 95-118 Seminar on industrial safety and health: Role of management. Bangladesh Employers' Association, ILO Area Office, International Labour Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1989. ii, 89p. (In English)

Proceedings of a seminar on the role of management in industrial safety and health, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 15-16 Mar. 1989, and jointly organized by the Bangladesh Employers' Association and the ILO. Main topics: causes of industrial accidents and their prevention; needs for occupational health services; handling and disposal of toxic chemicals and wastes in industries. (63870)

CIS 95-119 Year Book of Labour Statistics 1994. (French: Annuaire des statistiques du travail 1994; Spanish: Anuario de Estadísticas del Trabajo 1994) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 53rd ed., 1994. 2 vol. (lv, 1149 + xiv, 353p.) Index. Price: CHF 210.00., ISBN 92-2-009469-X (In English, French, Spanish)

Chapter VIII of this publication (p.915-1019, tables 29-30) covers occupational injuries. Statistical tables provide information on: absolute numbers of persons who suffered injuries resulting in death or lost workdays and numbers of work-days lost (table 29); fatal injury rates (table 30). Data are given for 10 sectors of the economy (agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water; construction; trade, restaurants and hotels; transport, storage and communication; financing, insurance, real estate, business services; community, social and personal services; other). The figures provide year-by-year information on each of 111 countries for all or part of the period 1984-1993. Volume 2 contains methodological descriptions of household income and expenditure and does not have direct bearing on OSH. (63871)

CIS 95-120 Facts and figures 1992. (French: Faits et chiffres 1992) Ministry of Labour and Industrial Relations, 31 rue Eugène Laurent, Port-Louis, Mauritius, 1993. 27p. Illus. (In French)

Report on the activities of the Ministry of Labour: claims received and inspections carried out by the factory inspectorate, workers education, role of the factory inspectorate as regards the protection of workers' health, health and safety at the workplace, the Industrial Relations Commission, and the labour welfare fund. Figures on accident statistics (1987-1992) are given in a tabular form. List of ILO Conventions ratified by Mauritius. (63663)

CIS 95-121 Compendium of workers' compensation statistics 1991-92. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, May 1994. xiii, 97p., ISBN 0-644-33540-8 (In English)

This publication presents the first nationally comparable data on occupational injuries and diseases in Australia based on the National Data Set for Compensation-Based Statistics (NDS). Data are presented by numbers of fatalities, type of industry and occupation and by duration of absence; in each case, number, incidence and frequency of cases are presented by jurisdiction and type of occurrence. A total of 161,104 cases resulted in a fatality or disability resulting in an absence from work of one week or more; there were 455 work-related fatalities. Work-related injuries accounted for 87% of cases and diseases for 13%. (63825)

CIS 95-122 Occupational Safety and Health Service business plan 1994-95. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1994. 10p. Illus. (In English)

This business plan sets out the goals, programmes and strategies of the New Zealand Occupational Safety and Health Service for 1994-95. Programmes cover: enterprise self-management; promotion of OSH management; compliance with OSH legislation in places of work; public safety compliance; providing OSH advice to the Ministry of Labour and to industry; standards development; career development of staff within the Service. (63838)

CIS 95-123 1993 Publications of the BIA (Institute for occupational safety of the accident insurance institutions). (French: Publications 1993 de l'Institut pour la sécurité du travail des caisses mutuelles d'assurance accident - BIA; German: Veröffentlichungen des Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Instituts für Arbeitssicherheit - BIA - 1993; Spanish: Publicaciones 1993 del Instituto para la seguridad del trabajo de las mutuas de seguros de accidentes - BIA) Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, June 1994. 321p. Illus. (In English, French, German, Spanish)

Directory of BIA publications issued in 1993. Articles, reports, and technical documents are grouped under the following headings: multidisciplinary papers; chemical and biological hazards; physical hazards - noise - vibration; personal protective equipment; technical equipment; workshop equipment; congress proceedings. In addition to bibliographic data, the summary includes abstracts of each contribution in German, English, French and Spanish. (63580)

CIS 95-124 European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work. Activity reports: 1. Europe for safety and health at work; 2. List of projects; 3. Key projects. (French: Année européenne pour la sécurité, l'hygiène et la santé sur le lieu de travail. Rapports d'activité: 1. L'Europe pour la sécurité et la santé sur le lieu de travail; 2. Inventaire des actions; 3. Les actions les plus significatives; Spanish: Año Europeo de la Seguridad, Higiene y Salud en el centro de trabajo. Informe de actividades: 1. La Europa para la seguridad y salud en el centro de trabajo; 2. Relación de actividades; 3. Acciones más significativas) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 3 volumes: 71p., 156p. and 52p. Illus. 10 ref. (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

The first of these three reports describes the activities undertaken in each of the countries of the European Community as part of the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work (1992). Four priority areas targeted were clean air at work, safety, well-being and less noise and vibration. The second report (French and German versions not available in CIS) lists all projects by country with summary information on type of project, target group, project evaluation and materials produced. The third report provides more detailed information on key projects within each country. (63589)

CIS 95-125 Workers' privacy. Part I: Protection of personal data; Part II: Monitoring and surveillance in the workplace; Part III: Testing in the workplace. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Part I- 1991, Vol.10, No.2, 277p.; Part II- 1993, Vol.12, No.1, 374p.; Part III- 1993, Vol.12, No.2, 361p. Price: CHF 45.00 each issue., ISBN 92-2-108251-2 (10:2), ISBN 92-2-108740-9 (12:1), ISBN 92-2-108746-8 (12:2) (In English)

Part I introduces the issues surrounding workers' privacy in the context of new data-processing techniques; Part II contains international instruments, or relevant provisions thereof, on the protection of personal data (monitoring of telephone calls, video surveillance, badge systems and locational devices). Part III provides a country-by-country analysis of the implications for employers and workers of the legislation that has been adopted in 19 countries to protect the privacy of the citizen in data-processing systems (alcohol and drug testing, AIDS, genetic or psychological testing). (63665)

CIS 95-126 Working conditions in 1992. Facts and reports. (French: Les conditions de travail en 1992. Bilans et rapports) Ministère du travail, de l'emploi et de la formation professionnelle, La Documentation française, 29-31 quai Voltaire, 75344 Paris Cedex 07, France, 1992. 351p. Illus. Price: FRF 220.00., ISBN 2-11002956-0 (In French)

This book is intended for all those concerned with safety and health issues at the workplace (from employers to members of safety and health committees, etc.). The state of working conditions in France in 1992 (European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work) with regard to the following aspects: statistical trends in occupational accidents and diseases; industrial medicine; safety and health in the construction industry; precarious work; standardization; the right of workers to express their opinion; developments since 1987; the European context. (63668)

CIS 95-127 Exposure limit list 1994. Safety and health protection at work. (German: Grenzwertliste 1994. Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Arbeit) Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2052, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, Aug. 1994. 182p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-351-7 (In German)

An unofficial collection of exposure limits for chemical, biological and physical agents drawn from German and international sources for the benefit of small and medium-sized enterprises. The classification and labelling information found in BIA-Report 1/94 on chemicals (see CIS 95-246) is not included. The biological agents considered are microorganisms, microbial products and pollen. The physical agents are noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, radiation and loads (lifting and carrying). (63747)

CIS 95-128 Biannual report FY1991-FY1992 Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, 1994. 40p. Illus. (In English)

This report describes the organization and activities of the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association and provides a summary of projects in the areas of: comprehensive measures for specified areas, education, health promotion, the zero-accident total participation campaign, research and surveys, publications, technical services, international cooperation, promotion of comfortable workplaces and the Japan Bioassay laboratory. Statistics on occupational accidents and diseases are included. (63768)

CIS 95-129 Consequences of an occupational accident or disease. (Portuguese: Consequências de um acidente ou de doença profissional - Alguns dados estatísticos) Sindicato Democrático das Pescas (SINDEPESCAS), Rua da Esperança, 37 1°, 1200 Lisboa, Portugal, 1992. 12p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

Booklet issued as part of Portugal's contribution to the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work (1992). It contains lists and tables concerning: definition of accidents; dangerous activities and conditions; causes of dangerous actions; analysis (1988-1990) of occupational accidents (fatal and non-fatal) in Portugal, by region, sex and economic sector. (63779)

CIS 95-130 Workplace Exposure Standards [New Zealand] - Effective from 1994. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1994. 92p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03555-8 (In English)

Recommended guidelines for New Zealand, the role of which is further defined in the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (CIS 93-701). Part 1: Workplace Exposure Standards (WESs): These exposure standards (approx. 600 substances, with CAS no., TWA and - sometimes - STEL values given) generally (but not always) follow those set by the Australian National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC), themselves derived for the most part from ACGIH TLVs in the US. Special commentary on: notice of intended changes and additions; definitions of WESs; sampling for assessment against WESs; units of measurement; mixed exposure; aerosols; carcinogens; skin absorption; work load; sensitizers; simple asphyxiants. List of approx. 70 intended changes in WESs. Appendices: inspirable and respirable dust (criteria, sampling); TWA calculation guide; calculations of mixed exposure; rubber fume and rubber process dust; lead biological exposure indices; standards proposed by other organizations (NIOSH, OSHA, MAK, NOHSC, Sweden) when different from New Zealand WESs. Part 2: Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) for 27 substances (with assay, sample and sample time provided in addition to the BEI); sample collection; result reporting and interpretation. Part 3: Workplace Exposure Standards for noise and hot environments. (63876)

CIS 95-131 Written communication within the enterprise. (Spanish: La comunicación escrita en la empresa) Araujo García C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 5p. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

This information note gives general guidelines and examples on how to prepare written communications at work in order to transmit messages effectively. The advantages and disadvantages of oral and written communication are indicated. Guidelines for the preparation of reports and notice boards are also given. (63787)

CIS 95-132 Non-insured accident costs: A short calculation method. (Spanish: Costes no asegurados de los accidentes: método simplificado de cálculo) Gil Fisa A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 10p. Illus. (In Spanish)

This information note analyzes the non-insured costs of accidents in a hypothetical chemical plant. Accident rates and proposed preventive measures are given for two different sections of the enterprise: storage and production. The main hazards identified in these two sections were the ones associated with manual handling and fire, respectively. Check lists for the evaluation of non-insured costs are included. (63788)

CIS 95-133 Accident investigation: Cause Tree Analysis. (Spanish: Investigación de accidentes: árbol de causas) Piqué Ardanuy T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 5p. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

This information note describes the fault tree methodology for the investigation of accident causes, in order to identify the appropriate preventive measures to be applied. A case study on an accident caused by fire in the automobile-repair sector is analyzed. (63789)

CIS 95-134 INRS-Biblio. (French: INRS-Biblio) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30, rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1975-. Database available on CD-ROM (CCOHS Series B2, see CIS 94-181) and online through the French Minitel system (36-28-82-63), charge FFR 328.40 per hour. (In French)

Bibliographic database covering the OSH literature (journal articles, books, theses, standards, official texts etc.), with particular emphasis on French publications. As of 1994, there were 25,000 records in the database, some with abstracts. Coverage extends from 1975 (INRS publications) and 1981 (other publications). Subjects covered: chemical, physical and mechanical hazards; explosions and fires; technical and material means of protection; occupational diseases; occupational medicine; workplace improvements; ergonomics. (63630)

CIS 95-135 SHE Info - National database on occupational safety and health. (Dutch: VGF Info: Nationale databank over veiligheid en gezondheid op het werk; French: SHE Info: La banque de données nationale en sécurité et hygiène du travail) Association nationale pour la prévention des accidents du travail (ANPAT), rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. Videotex database complex available on the Belgium national telephone network (RTT), accessible by Minitel or a PC terminal. User's manual (102p., illus.) available. (In Dutch, French)

Databases available through this system: bibliographic database containing references (with abstracts) to ca. 22,000 documents held at the Centre national de documentation "Sécurité et Hygiène"; filmographic database (ca. 250 items) of films, videos and slide sets available at the audiovisual centre of ANPAT; posters (ca. 250) produced by ANPAT; bibliographic database of Belgian and European Communities legislation on OSH; bibliographic database of all Belgian standards produced by IBN (ca. 3600); database of institutions, laboratories and organizations responsible for issuing safety certificates, organizing safety courses and perform certain jobs; databases of dangerous products (ca. 1500 regulated products, ca. 5000 material safety data sheets in 3 different bases); database of Belgian and international safety and health organizations; database on safety and health equipment and materials available in Belgium; database of upcoming national and international OSH activities and of OSH courses held in Belgium; OSH-related quiz and E-mail service; database of statistics on occupational accidents in Belgium. (63868)

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CIS 95-136 Non-fibrous dust load and smoking in dental technicians - A study using bronchoalveolar lavage. Bernstein M., Pairon J.C., Morabia A., Gaudichet A., Janson X., Brochard P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.23-27. 25 ref. (In English)

A study was conducted with transmission electron microscopy to find out whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) could be used to identify subjects with occupational exposure to mineral particles. BAL fluid from 46 dental technicians and 41 controls with lung diseases but free from occupational exposure to dusts was analyzed. The total particle concentration in BAL fluid was significantly higher in dental technicians than in controls (12.18 x 10⁵ particles/mL of BAL fluid, compared to 2.03 x 10⁵ particles/mL, p<0.001). Dental technicians had significantly more crystalline silica, aluminium, and alloys containing nickel and chromium. There was a non-significant two-fold increase of total particle concentration in the lungs of dental technicians who were smokers compared with non-smokers. The results strongly support the use of BAL fluid analysis to assess dust accumulation in workers in heavily exposed occupations such as dental technicians. This is a valid method to evaluate occupational exposure to non-fibrous mineral particles, and possibly to determine the occupational aetiology of some respiratory diseases. (63571)

CIS 95-137 Interstitial lung granulomas as a possible consequence of exposure to zirconium dust. Romeo L., Cazzadori A., Bontempini L., Martini S., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.219-222. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

A case of interstitial lung granulomas is described in a worker exposed to zirconium compounds. Chest X rays revealed diffuse slight reticular interstitial opacities (ILO classification, 1/0 s/t). Histological examination of transbronchial biopsy tissue revealed small interstitial non-confluent granulomas with epitheloid and giant cells. Stain findings characteristic of zirconium skin lesions and granulomas, suggest the existence of zirconium interstitial lung disease. (63697)

CIS 95-138 Statistical model for prediction of retrospective exposure to ethylene oxide in an occupational mortality study. Hornung R.W., Greife A.L., Stayner L.T., Steenland N.K., Herrick R.F., Elliott L.J., Ringenburg V.L., Morawetz J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.825-836. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

A statistical model provides a more objective procedure for retrospective exposure assessment than the usual panel of experts. A weighted multiple regression model was developed for the estimation of ethylene oxide (ETO) exposure levels for inclusion in a cohort mortality study of workers in the sterilization industry. The model explained 85% of the variability in 205 average measurements of ETO levels. The model predicted ETO exposures within 1.1ppm of reference data with a standard deviation of 3.7ppm. The arithmetic and geometric means of the 46 measurements in the reference data set were 4.6 and 2.2ppm, respectively. The model also outperformed a panel of industrial hygienists relative to the reference data in terms of both bias and precision. (63682)

CIS 95-139 Carbon disulfide in blood - A method for storing and analysing samples. Perbellini L., Maranelli G., Lombardini F., Gandini G., Brugnone F., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1994, Vol.85, No.2, p.171-178. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

Concentrations of free and acid-labile carbon disulfide (CS₂) in human blood were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CS₂ was measured in the blood of 27 subjects treated with disulfiram (which is partially biotransformed into CS₂) and in that of 62 controls. In blood, a small part of CS₂ is free (it can be analyzed without any blood treatment); most CS₂ is bound ("acid labile"), and requires acid hydrolysis to become free and detectable. During storage at 4°C, free and acid-labile CS₂ in blood decreased respectively to 26% and 27% of the initial concentration within a month. In fresh samples, median free CS₂ concentrations were of 139ng/L in normal subjects. Acid-labile CS₂ concentrations were much higher (median 2743ng/L). Free and acid-labile CS₂ in blood were closely correlated. Blood samples stored at -80°C maintained a constant concentration of CS₂ over almost three weeks. (63693)

CIS 95-140 The behaviour of T-cell subpopulations in the blood of workers exposed to mercury. Moszczyński P., Slowiński S., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.239-241. 8 ref. (In English)

In 55 men with a history of exposure to mercury vapours, and in 36 controls, T-cell, helper T-cell, suppressor T-cell and NK-cell counts in peripheral blood were determined using monoclonal antibodies. The mean concentration of mercury in the urine of the exposed individuals was 54µg/L (S.D.=45), and in blood 4.7µg/L (S.D.=7.2). Occupational exposure to mercury induced changes in T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood, but was without effect on the number of NK cells. (63700)

CIS 95-141 A difficult case of differential diagnosis: Post-traumatic Kaposi and pseudo-Kaposi syndrome of occupational origin. (French: Un diagnostic différentiel difficile: Kaposi et pseudo-Kaposi post-traumatique d'origine professionnelle) Deschamps F., Kalis B., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.652. (In French)

A patient, aged 58, with no particular medical history, was the victim of an occupational accident 20 years ago. The fall of metallic bars caused extensive bruises on his legs as well as a left internal malleolar fracture. At the time, a 15% permanent disability was granted to him for his fracture but he was denied the right to occupational compensation for his skin injuries on the basis that these were of an aesthetic nature. The vascular malformations and nodules which appeared subsequently could lead to consider them as consequences of an occupational accident. However, the gradual extension in the following years of injuries to trauma-free sites led to review the diagnosis. A new assessment of the results confirmed the diagnosis of a non work-related Kaposi syndrome, thus justifying the decision made in the first place to not consider the skin injuries as being compensable as a result of an occupational accident. (63603)

CIS 95-142 A study on Quebec workers who sustained an occupational back injury in 1987. (French: Profil statistique des travailleurs du Québec ayant subi une affection vertébrale en 1987) Allaire M., Dionne G., Saint-Michel P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.9-18. Illus. 30 ref. (In French)

In Quebec, more than 25% of industrial accidents sustained in 1987 were back injuries. These accidents, besides being frequent, involve relatively long absences from work. In addition, the likelihood of a return to work decreases with the duration of the absence. In order to study the factors that may affect the duration of these absences and the injuries responsible for them, a telephone survey was conducted with some 1,500 injured workers. The duration of the absence from work observed during the 12 months following the accident was studied. Also, an occupational physician validated the medical information contained in the non-computerized files of these workers. The workers who sustained a back injury were compared with other injured workers used as controls. Most socioeconomic characteristics of workers having sustained a back injury do not differ significantly from those of other injured workers. However, differences were found as to the medical factors associated with employment accidents, the size of the plant and the day the injury occurred. For instance, as far as back injuries are concerned, their elective nature could be the reason why the injured worker consults his family physician more often and the difficulty of the diagnosis could explain the lower degree of the worker's satisfaction with his attending physician. Statistical results on the duration of the compensation are also presented. (63611)

CIS 95-143 Characterization of occupational exposures in compensated asbestos-related diseases in France. (French: Caractérisation des expositions professionnelles des maladies liées à l'amiante réparées en France) Sandret N., Pairon J.C., Orlowski E., Zakia T., Nourry J., Saux M., Dufour G., Bignon J., Brochard P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.25-34. Illus. 14 ref. (In French)

The purpose of this study is to identify the sources of occupational asbestos exposure of subjects with asbestos-related disease. The data collected from two sources show that employment in the manufacture of asbestos-containing products or in the insulation industry account for only 36% of such disease. The remaining 64% are attributed to occupations and industries in which asbestos exposure is less obvious and thus is likely to be overlooked. Exposure appears relatively frequent in the chemical and metal industries as well as in the building industry. Thus asbestos exposure should be identified and assessed quantitatively in a variety of industries. A priori job-exposure matrices may be useful for the assessment of exposure in epidemiologic studies and for the compensation of occupational asbestos-related diseases, when individual data on occupational exposure are missing or are inconclusive. They may also be used as an instrument of preventive action. (63613)

CIS 95-144 Osteo-articular disorders of the elbow associated with the exposure to vibration produced by hand-held equipment - Literature survey. (French: Pathologie ostéo-articulaire du coude liée à l'exposition aux vibrations engendrées par les machines portatives - Etude bibliographique) Rocher O., Ley F.X., Méreau P., Donati P., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.56, p.375-386. Illus. 74 ref. (In French)

At the present, osteo-articular disorders associated with vibration exposure are only compensated as an occupational disease in a few countries such as Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. The best known aspects of the association between vibration exposure and the osteo-articular pathology of the elbow are reviewed, including the nature and frequency of this type of disorders, their natural history and pathophysiology. A summary of publications dealing with vibration and the osteo-articular disorders of the elbow is presented in order to identify hypotheses on the potential role of aetiological factors. (63634)

CIS 95-145 Occupational asthma - Interaction between genetic factors and adverse environment. (Italian: Asma professionale - Interazione tra fattori genetici e ambiente sfavorevole?) Mapp C.E., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.187-192. 17 ref. (In Italian)

Bronchial asthma is very likely caused by the interaction of genetic susceptibility with an adverse environment. The mechanisms involved in asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a low molecular-weight compound, are still unknown, but increasing interest has been expressed in the genetic component of this disease. In two studies on the role of genetic factors in isocyanate-induced asthma, significant associations were found between the disease and the presence or absence of certain alleles responsible for the production of HLA (human leucocyte antigen) class II antigens, suggesting a direct involvement of these antigens in the pathogenesis of isocyanate-induced asthma. Efforts must continue to improve the possibility of early diagnosis of isocyanate-induced asthma, and at the same time the social and ethical implications of genetic screening at the workplace must be taken into consideration. (63694)

CIS 95-146 RADS and RUDS - The toxic induction of asthma and rhinitis. Meggs W. J., Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, Sep. 1994, Vol.32, No.5, p.487-501. Illus. 84 ref. (In English)

Occupational asthma arises from acute or chronic exposure to airborne substances in the workplace. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is an asthma-like condition that develops after a single exposure to a respiratory irritant. Reactive upper-airways dysfunction syndrome is chronic rhinitis associated with exposure to a respiratory irritant and persisting after the exposure. Inflammation of the airway may be due to immunological processes involving immunoglobulin E antibodies, or neurogenic processes involving the release of mediators by sensory nerve endings. Non-protein "environmental adjuvants" may aggravate immunogenic inflammation. Neurogenic inflammation may be implicated in sick building syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity as well as in asthma and rhinitis. The prevalence and incidence of asthma has increased in industrialized countries in recent decades; the evolution of rhinitis is unknown. More data on exposures, on the inter-relationship of various syndromes and on the susceptibility of individuals and groups are needed. (63748)

CIS 95-147 SWORD '93. Surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease in the UK. Sallie B.A., Ross D.J., Meredith S.K., McDonald J.C., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.177-182. 4 ref. (In English)

Data on work-related respiratory diseases collected by the SWORD (Surveillance of Work-Related and Occupational Respiratory Disease) project are reviewed for 1993. Some 3269 new cases are estimated to have been seen by participating physicians in 1993 (3635 in 1992). Diseases of long latency accounted for 52% of cases, asthma for 27% and inhalation accidents for 12%; 93% of the long latency diseases were attributed to asbestos. With the exception of construction workers with pneumoconiosis (31%), engineers and metalworkers were the most affected group, representing at least 25% in each disease category. A table lists agents and occupations associated with asthma. (63751)

CIS 95-148 Work-related respiratory disease in the United Kingdom, 1989-1992: Report on the SWORD project. Meredith S.K., McDonald J.C., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.183-189. 15 ref. (In English)

Between 1989 and 1991, 5576 new cases of respiratory illness thought to be due to occupational factors were reported as part of the United Kingdom SWORD project. Half of the cases were diseases of long latency mainly due to asbestos, 28% were occupational asthma, 10% inhalation accidents and 14% other acute diseases. Occupations presenting the greatest risk of acute disease were paint spraying and chemical processing, while shipyard and dock workers, miners, quarrymen and construction workers were at greatest risk of long latency diseases. Tables show agents and occupations associated with respiratory diseases. The scheme demonstrates the feasibility of this approach to surveillance. (63752)

CIS 95-149 The epidemiology of occupational penetrating eye injuries in Ireland. Hassett P.D., Kelleher C.C., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.209-211. 11 ref. (In English)

A total of 130 cases of penetrating eye injury treated at a hospital in Ireland were investigated; where possible, occupational details were determined by questionnaire survey. The incidence of occupational eye injuries was over 3 times that of non-occupational eye injuries. A significantly increased incidence of injury was found in farm labourers and in skilled manual labourers with the left eye significantly more at risk of serious injury than the right. Hammering was the commonest cause of injuries. The study suggests that there is poor compliance with preventive measures and that more targeted education programmes are needed. (63756)

CIS 95-150 Do occupational physicians agree about ill-health retiral? A study of simulated retirement assessments. Elder A.G., Symington I.S., Symington E.H., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.231-235. Illus. 8 ref. ### (In English)

(63942)

CIS 95-151 Efficacy of barrier creams in preventing skin complaints in workers of a fabric dyeing and printing factory. Results of a random experiment. (Italian: Efficacia dell'uso di creme-barriera nel prevenire affezioni dermatologiche in lavoratori delle tintostamperie - Risultati di una sperimentazione randomizzata) Duca P.G., Pelfini G., Ferguglia G., Settimi L., Peverelli C., Sevosi I., Terzaghi G., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.231-238. 22 ref. (In Italian)

A total of 942 workers of 13 dyeing and printing factories in the area of Como, Northern Italy, were examined in order to detect skin complaints on the hands and forearms. Of these, 868 participated in a controlled and randomized experiment aimed at assessing the efficacy of using barrier creams under practical circumstances. 657 workers underwent all three control examinations arranged over about one year. In the randomized group for treatment with barrier creams the cumulative incidence of objective skin lesions was significantly lower than in the group in which no particular recommendation of use was made (44.5% versus 54.4% positive for objective examination in at least one of the three control examinations after recruitment). The use of a hydrocarbon-based cream was significantly more effective than that of a silicone cream. (63699)

CIS 95-152 Dust- and endotoxin-related acute lung function changes and work-related symptoms in workers in the animal feed industry. Smid T., Heederik D., Houba R., Quanjer P.H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.877-888. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

Reported respiratory and related symptoms during work were compared between 265 exposed animal feed workers and a control group consisting of 175 external controls and non-exposed workers in the animal feed industry. Symptoms indicating respiratory and nasal irritation were significantly increased. In 119 workers, a total of 457 across-shift spirometric lung function changes were measured. The effect of endotoxin was stronger than that of dust, both in magnitude and significance. A significant across-week decrease in lung function was also detected. (63683)

CIS 95-153 Working conditions and development of musculoskeletal disorders among female and male workers on a poultry cutting line. (French: Conditions de travail de femmes et d'hommes sur une chaîne de découpe de volaille et développement d'atteintes musculo-squelettiques) Courville J., Dumais L., Vézina N., Travail et santé, Sep.1994, Vol.10, No.3, p.S17-S23. Illus. 27 ref. (In French)

Economic restructuring combined with the sexual division of labour increases the "taylorization" of work in the food and agricultural industry. This accentuates health problems, especially musculo-skeletal disorders, associated with repetitive work. A study involving 27 workers (17 women, 10 men) was carried out on a poultry-cutting line where accidents frequently occur to investigate workers' perceptions regarding conditions that could result in pain and work accidents. Accidents registered were studied, work procedures were observed on site and workers were interviewed. The information collected concerned pain and physical difficulties experienced while working, and the reported and observed causes of the problems. Important differences between men and women were noted for all these variables. These are probably related to the differences in job demands such as tasks, required forces, precision and meticulousness that differ between women's and men's jobs in the plant. (63866)

CIS 95-154 Mortality study in an asbestos-cement plant in Senigallia. (Italian: Studio di mortalità degli addetti alla produzione di manufatti in cemento-amianto nello stabilimento di Senigallia) Pettinari A., Mengucci R., Belli S., Comba P., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.223-230. 21 ref. (In Italian)

Mortality during the period 1948-1990 was investigated in 561 workers employed in an asbestos-cement plant in Senigallia, Central Italy. A significant increase in lung cancer was observed in male subjects (SMR: 276; 95% CI: 175.2-414.8, 23 observed). The excess mortality was a function of the induction-latency time. Five deaths were observed among women, one of which was due to malignant pleural neoplasm. (63698)

CIS 95-155 French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health - Meetings of 9 February, 9 March and 6 April 1993. (French: Société de médecine et d'hygiène du travail - Séances du 9 février, du 9 mars et du 6 avril 1993) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.653-668. (In French)

Topics of papers presented at the meetings of 9 Feb., 9 Mar. and 6 Apr. 1993 of the French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health: present trends in French policy relating to the employment of handicapped persons; occupational medicine and the employment of handicapped people; working conditions in the fast food sector - a socio-medical approach; bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiectasis and emphysema following acute poisoning by ammoniac gas (study of a case in Dakar, Senegal); degenerative aspects of night work; hypersomnolence and aptitude to drive; retrospective study of the outcome of occupational disease reports made by a pathology unit under Schedule 30 of the French social security scheme between 1981 and 1991; repercussions of the French Order of 21 Sept. 1982 relating to psychotechnic tests to determine the aptitude of industrial truck drivers. (63604)

CIS 95-156 Society of Occupational Medicine of the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur and Corsica regions - Meetings of 29 September and 25 November 1992, 19 January and 12 February 1993. (French: Société de médecine du travail de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur et de la région Corse - Séances des 29 septembre et 25 novembre 1992, et des 19 janvier et 12 février 1993) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.669-681. (In French)

Papers presented at the meetings of the Society of Occupational Medicine of the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur and Corsica regions (France, 29 Sep. and 25 Nov. 1992, 19 Jan. and 12 Feb. 1993): collectors' badges and epoxy resins - investigation after the reporting of a case of an occupational disease; in-plant management of smoking under French legislation concerning smoking in the workplace; sleep disturbances and the working population; classification of sleep disturbances; sleep physiology and the faculties of adaptation; postural deficiency syndromes; neurophysiopathogenic aspects of the postural system; ophthalmic posture and occupational medicine. (63605)

CIS 95-157 Society of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics of Bordeaux and region - Meetings of 11 December 1992, 15 January, 12 February and 19 March 1993. (French: Société de médecine du travail et d'ergonomie de Bordeaux et de sa région - Séances des 11 décembre 1992, 15 janvier, 12 février et 19 mars 1993) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.682-694. (In French)

Topics of papers presented at the meetings of 11 Dec. 1992, 15 Jan., 12 Feb. and 19 March 1993 of the Society of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics of Bordeaux and region (France): occupational physicians and workers working with food; implementation in enterprises of the French Decree of 29 May 1992 on the prohibition of smoking in premises used by all employees; new techniques of respiratory function testing; qualifications in occupational medicine; attempts at defining ethics in occupational medicine; study of the effects of noise on the hearing of workers in a marshalling yard; assessment of an indicator of workload and ageing; usefulness of aptitude assessments of expatriate workers for overseas living. (63606)

CIS 95-158 Society of Occupational Medicine, Health and Safety of Strasbourg - Meeting of 26 March 1993. (French: Société de médecine, d'hygiène et de sécurité du travail de Strasbourg - Séance du 26 mars 1993) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.695-700. (In French)

Topics of papers presented at the meeting of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Health and Safety of Strasbourg (France, 26 Mar. 1993): report on a programme aimed at the prevention of tobacco smoking in a large plant; the ergonomics of garbage collecting. (63607)

CIS 95-159 French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health - Meeting of 11 May 1993. (French: Société de médecine et d'hygiène du travail - Séance du 11 mai 1993) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.49-52. (In French)

Topics of papers presented at the meeting of 11 May 1993 of the French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health: assessment of benzene exposure in 41 tank cleaners by determination of urinary trans-trans-muconic acid; training of industrial physicians in the European Community. (63616)

CIS 95-160 Society of Occupational Medicine, Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics of Western France - Meeting of 22-23 October 1992. (French: Société de médecine du travail, d'hygiène industrielle et d'ergonomie de l'Ouest - Séance des 22 et 23 octobre 1992) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.53-70. (In French)

Main subjects treated at the meetings of 22 and 23 Oct. 1992 of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics of Western France: economic outlook for road transport in France - repercussions on working conditions; selection criteria for tramway drivers; study of simple auditive and visual reaction time in bus drivers in Abidjan (Ivory Coast); adequate techniques for the monitoring of chrome plating workers: air sampling or determination in urine; assessment of exposure to noise during random events - two methods, two sets of results; early osteonecrosis and determination of the aptitude to work - study of one case; vaccination against hepatitis in the workplace; multidisciplinary approach to the design of workplaces; ergonomic approach applied to two teams of operators using the same machinery for post-driving and lifting; a pragmatic approach to workplace acoustics; drinking and driving: an experiment; sleep apnoeas: repercussions in the transport sector; cardiac rhythm disorders in a truck driver - medico-legal comments on one case. (63617)

CIS 95-161 Medical surveillance of occupational risks - "SUMER 94" survey. (French: Surveillance médicale des risques professionnels. Enquête "Sumer 94") Cristofari M.F., Sandret N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.57, p.17-21. (In French)

The SUMER survey is intended to map the various exposures to risks of occupational diseases in France. In order to design prevention policies, at both the local and national level, the number of workers exposed to different risks and of the economic sectors concerned must be known. The SUMER project approved in France on 1 Feb. 1994 is a follow-up to a first survey undertaken in France in 1987 (see CIS 87-1290). Occupational medicine has thus an opportunity to show its capacity to determine and assess risk factors at the plant level, in accordance with the new approach adopted within the context of European directives. SUMER results will be distributed to health and safety professionals as well as to the public. (63637)

CIS 95-162 Guidance for the regional committees responsible for the assessment of occupational diseases under French Law No.93-121 of 27 Jan. 1993. (French: Guide destiné aux Comités régionaux de reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles institués par la loi n°93-121 du 27 janvier 1993) Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.57, p.49-55. (In French)

Since 1946, compensation of occupational diseases in France is based on the principle of presumption of imputability. Thus, if a worker is shown to have a disease listed in a Schedule and if this disease occurred under the exposure conditions and within the time limits specified in the Schedule, he may make a claim without having to prove the link between his condition and his occupation. The complementary compensation system introduced in under the Act of 27 Jan. 1993 (see CIS 95-8) enables a worker whose disease is not listed or who does not meet the listed criteria in the Schedules to seek compensation as long as the occupational origin of his condition is not contradicted by investigative procedures. This guidance note is designed to facilitate the processing of claims by regional committees and to ensure consistency between their individual decisions. Appendix: disability schedules. (63639)

CIS 95-163 Toxic and occupational eye pathology (except optical neuropathies); Prevention of hazards to the eye in the workplace. (French: Pathologie ophtalmologique toxique et professionnelle (en dehors des neuropathies optiques); Prévention des risques ophtalmolgiques professionnels) Ebran J.M., Roquelaure Y., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 1994. 6p. + 3p. 42 ref. + 18 ref. (In French)

Information notes on toxic and occupational eye pathologies (excluding optical neuropathies). Main issues dealt with in the 1st one: ocular traumas and pathology related to physical agents (ocular contusions and burns), traumas caused by animals or plants); pathology linked to physical agents (radiations, industrial electricity); infectious, irritative or allergic occupational pathology; ocular injuries induced by occupational poisoning, non specific visual disorders (visual fatigue, glare, others (miner's nystagmus, vibration, sick building syndrome). Optical correction of ametropias in the workplace. Themes studied in the 2nd note: medical and technical prevention of ocular accidents (protective glasses, screens and masks), prevention of visual fatigue. (63676)

CIS 95-164 Pancreatic cancer in industrial branches and occupations in Finland. Partanen T., Kauppinen T., Degerth R., Moneta G., Mearelli I., Ojajärvi A., Hernberg S., Koskinen H., Pukkala E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.851-866. 76 ref. (In English)

An examination of the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with occupation, by industrial branch and job title was undertaken in a nationwide case-referent study in Finland. The source of the cases and referents was the Finish Cancer Registry. Increases in risk of pancreatic cancer were suggested for a small number of industrial branches and job titles, including stone mining, cement and building materials, pharmacists and sales associates in pharmacies, male wood machinists, male gardeners, female textile workers and male transport inspectors and supervisors. The exposures potentially implicated are discussed. In agreement with the overall results of epidemiologic studies conducted elsewhere, direct occupational determinants probably do not account for a substantial share of the aetiology of pancreatic cancer, at least in conditions resembling Finnish working environments some 15-40 years ago. (63685)

CIS 95-165 Comparison of perceived occupational health needs among managers, employee representatives and occupational physicians. Williams N., Sobti A., Aw T.C., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.205-208. 5 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey was undertaken requesting that managers of medium and large companies, union representatives and occupational physicians rank in order of importance 13 listed functions of an occupational health service. The two functions ranked as most important by all 4 groups were advice on the work environment and advice on medical retirement. Dental and physiotherapy services and treatment of minor ailments ranked as of low importance. A wide discrepancy of rankings was revealed among the four groups. The study shows the dilemma faced by occupational health services in deciding what functions should be provided. (63755)

CIS 95-166 Present principles of workers' health care organization in Poland and directions of future changes. Dawydzik L., Iżycki J., Kopias J., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.4, p.341-345. (In English)

Current regulations for workers' health care in Poland are discussed. In 1991, the Labour Code was amended to regulate employers' responsibilities with respect to providing health care for workers in both state-owned and private industry. However, current regulations are considered to be unsatisfactory and, following the transformation to a free-market economy, the organizational system of workers' health care has become out-of-date and needs modification. In addition, ratification of international conventions in connection with the Poland's possible future membership of the EEC must be considered. (63835)

CIS 95-167 Job-exposure matrices. (French: Les matrices emplois-expositions) Bouyer J., Hémon D., Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, 1994, Vol.42, p.235-245. Illus. 42 ref. (In French)

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of job-exposure matrices (JEMs) (see also CIS 94-1935) for the evaluation of past occupational exposures. This article defines JEMs and provides a methodology for preparing them. The choices involved in establishing a good JEM are outlined: the job classification system, which influences the degree to which the matrix can be used in several studies; the definition of exposures; the choice of entries which may provide more information than the simple exposed/non exposed dichotomy. When comparing JEMs and experts' evaluation of exposure, all aspects of both methods have to be looked at and a balance struck between the advantages and shortcomings of each. It is important to avoid making a systematic contrast between JEMs and expert assessments, for it is best to consider them as complementary sources of information. (63861)

CIS 95-168 Measuring second-order selection bias in a work site health program. Sepulveda M., Goetz A., Grana J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.3, p.326-333. 11 ref. (In English)

Magnitude and direction of second-order self selection bias were assessed in a sample of 93,807 employees who participated in a large computer company's voluntary health assessment (VHA) programme, by comparing repeat participants with one-time participants and by simulating selection into the repeat sample. One-time and repeat VHA participants differed systematically but not uniformly in several health characteristics. Repeat participants improved significantly in risk-relevant behaviours and health risk measures. Simulation of selection bias by excluding healthier or less healthy participants from the repeat VHA sample did not eliminate the improvement. Second order selection bias cannot automatically be assumed to inflate improvement nor to be of sufficient magnitude to affect conclusions about programme effects. Simulation is a useful tool for gauging direction and magnitude of selection bias. (63737)

CIS 95-169 Determination of the occupational nature of skin diseases. (German: BK Haut in der Begutachtung) Diepgen T.L., ed., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1994. 127p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-348-7 (In German)

Text of papers presented and conclusions drawn at the Conference on the harmonization of expertise and compensation procedures for occupational skin diseases, held in Bamberg, Germany, 18-19 Nov. 1993. The proper assessment of the degree of disability and of the occupational nature of occupational diseases being an essential part of Appendix A of the German Ordinance on Occupational Diseases, it is incumbent upon insurance institutions to develop, in conjunction with industrial physicians, general principles and uniform rules for the sake of medical expertise. Summaries in English, German, French and Spanish. (63600)

CIS 95-170 Practical guide of respiratory function testing - Use in occupational settings. (French: Guide pratique d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire - Utilisation en milieu professionnel) Perdrix A., Masson, 120, Blvd. Saint-Germain, 75280 Paris Cedex 06, France, 1994. 184p. Illus. 117 ref. Index., ISBN 2-225-84481-X (In French)

This practical guide is aimed at occupational physicians as well as epidemiologists, social security physicians and lung specialists. Main contents: spirometry; other techniques of respiratory function testing; ventilatory anomalies: deciding on whether to rate test results as normal or pathological; selection of spirometric equipment for occupational health; preparation of a spirometric graph; interpretation of graphs; clinical case interpretation; spirometry and epidemiologic studies; screening of early obstructive dysfunction; longitudinal and sequential spirometry measurements; longitudinal debimetry; specific bronchial provocation tests; medico-legal aspects of respiratory function investigations of health at work. (63608)

CIS 95-171 The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of chiropractic management of low-back pain. Manga P., Angus D., Papadopoulos C., Swan W., Pran Manga & Associates Inc., 655 Richmond Road, Unit 12, Ottawa, Ontario K2A 3Y3, Canada, Aug. 1993. 104p. Illus. 368 ref., ISBN 0-9697615-0-3 (In English)

Report commissioned by the Ministry of Health of the Province of Ontario, Canada. A review of the incidence and costs of low back pain in and outside the workplace in Canada is followed by a comparison of various techniques that have been tried for the prevention or treatment of disability due to low back pain. On the whole, manipulation of the spine seems to reduce or eliminate discomfort with fewer undesirable side effects than surgical intervention or treatment with drugs; costs to patients and insurers are also lower. Published studies show that simple bed rest is not effective. (63741)

CIS 95-172 Department of Industrial Health annual report 1993 [Singapore]. Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour, 18 Havelock Road, Singapore 0105, Republic of Singapore, 1993. v, 85p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This report provides a review of the activities of the Singapore Department of Industrial Health in 1993 in the areas of: occupational diseases, medical surveillance, complaints and consultations, industrial hygiene activities, occupational health programmes at workplaces, statutory requirements, training and health education, surveys and studies. Departmental personnel and publications are listed. (63769)

CIS 95-173 Occupational medicine. Zenz C., Dickerson O.B., Horvath E.P., eds., Mosby-Yearbook Inc., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63136, USA, 3rd ed., 1994. xx, 1316p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 155.00 (USD 171.00 overseas)., ISBN 0-8016-6676-7 (In English)

This manual is arranged in 8 parts: clinical factors (role of the physician, epidemiology, trauma and emergencies, fitness to work, toxicology, dermatoses, biological monitoring, diagnosis); occupational pulmonary diseases (silicosis, pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, asthma); the physical occupational environment (materials handling, noise, vibration, heat stress, work at low temperature, diving and compressed-air work, radiation, ergonomics); the chemical occupational environment (chemicals and their health effects); selected work categories of concern (women, reproductive hazards, occupational health in hospitals, agriculture, aviation, welding and hazardous waste plants); behavioural considerations (mental stress, shift work, absenteeism); occupational health activities (workplace safety, industrial hygiene, industrial nurses, health promotion, alcohol and drug abuse programmes, hazard evaluation). (63830)

CIS 95-174 Report of activities 1992. (German: Jahresbericht 1992) Sozialversicherungsanstalt der Bauern, Ghegastrasse 1, Postfach 313, 1031 Wien, Austria, 1992. v, 310p. Illus. (In German)

Among the information provided by the Austrian health insurance fund of the agricultural sector, statistics are given on the number of accidents and diseases in relation with the most recent causes of accident in agriculture. Number of reported accidents and diseases by province (Land), number of fatal accidents. Breakdown is provided by accident cause (falls, machinery, animals, mechanical hazards), by the job carried out when the accident occurred, and by sex of the victim. Compensation figures by Land. (63664)

CIS 95-175 Notifiable diseases: Signs, symptoms, diagnosis. Kanhere V., Society for Participatory Research in Asia, 45 Sainik Farm, Khanpur, New Delhi 110 062, India, [1994?]. i, 37p. (In English)

31 datasheets (aimed at doctors) are provided on occupational diseases classified as notifiable under India's Factories Act. For each condition, the industrial occurrence of the causal agent, the signs and symptoms of the disease, and brief information on diagnosis and special tests are given. The conditions are grouped under the causal agent (and compounds for elements), or as separate diseases. Agents: lead, tetraethyllead, phosphorus, mercury, manganese, arsenic, nitrous fumes, carbon disulfide, benzene, chromium, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, halogenated hydrocarbons, radioactive substances and X-rays, beryllium, carbon monoxide, phosgene, isocyanates. Specific diseases: anthrax, silicosis, skin cancer, toxic anaemia, toxic jaundice, dermatitis due to primary irritants and sensitizers, byssinosis, asbestosis, noise-induced hearing loss, coalminers' pneumoconiosis, toxic nephritis. Special tables are provided for occupational cancers and biological exposure limits. The Indian Schedule of Occupational Diseases is reproduced. (63624)

CIS 95-176 Agency nurses and occupational health nursing. Health and Safety Executive, Medical Division, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. 4p. (In English)

This revised data sheet (see CIS 90-141 for previous edition) summarizes the normally accepted duties of an occupational health nurse and identifies relevant legislation and sources of information. Duties of occupational health nurses include: health risk management; first aid treatment; assessing fitness for work; providing advice on fitness for work to employers and confidential health advice to employees; health promotion. (63820)

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CIS 95-177 Colorectal polyp incidence among polypropylene manufacturing workers. Lewis R.J., Lerman S.E., Schnatter A.R., Hughes J.I., Vernon S.W., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.36, No.2, p.174-181. 25 ref. (In English)

To follow up earlier findings of increased colorectal cancer and polyp risk among a group of Texas polypropylene manufacturing workers (CIS 89-1215), a second company-sponsored colorectal cancer screening program was conducted. Some 64% of the 147 male workers negative for polyps in the first screening were rescreened. Age- and examiner-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) were modestly elevated for polypropylene manufacturing workers compared with patients screened in the same clinic for total and adenomatous polyps. However, risk of adenomas among the highest exposed group (IRR=1.77) was similar to risk in the least exposed group (IRR=2.02). The modest, nonsignificant excesses and the similarity in risk across job categories does not suggest an occupationally related risk, although small numbers and potential biases preclude making definitive conclusions. (63733)

CIS 95-178 Laboratory work and pregnancy outcome. Taskinen H., Kyyrönen P., Hemminki K., Hoikkala M., Lajunen K., Lindbohm M.L., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.3, p.311-319. 51 ref. (In English)

Spontaneous abortions among women working in laboratories, and congenital malformations and birth weights of the children were examined in a retrospective case-referent study in Finland. In the spontaneous abortion study there were 535 women (206 cases and 329 referents), and in the malformation study 141 women (36 cases and 105 referents). The analysis of the birth weights concerned 500 women. Significant associations with spontaneous abortions were found for exposure to toluene, xylene and formalin 3 days or more a week, adjusted for the covariates. Most of the women exposed to formalin and xylene were working in pathology or histology laboratories. No association with congenital malformation was found. (63736)

CIS 95-179 An agricultural safety and health information needs assessment for rural service providers. Greaves I.A., Olson D.K., Shutske J., Kochevar L., Journal of Agromedicine, 1994, Vol.1, No.3, p.43-58. 11 ref. (In English)

A survey was carried out to identify the information needs of veterinarians, farm implement dealers, physicians and others responsible for the prevention and control of agricultural injury and illness. Overall, respondents showed greatest interest in receiving information on lung and breathing problems, farm machinery injury, safe handling of agrochemicals and poisoning. The most valuable information in the past two years had been received from the Cooperative Extension Service, professional magazines and educational conferences. (63763)

CIS 95-180 Surveillance of construction worker injuries through an urban emergency department. Hunting K.L., Nessel-Stephens L., Sanford S.M., Shesser R., Welch L.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.3, p.356-364. 20 ref. (In English)

Construction workers with work-related injuries or illnesses were identified by reviewing the medical records of all patients treated at a particular emergency department in a two year period. Information regarding the workers and the injury circumstances were abstracted from medical records. Lacerations were the most commonly treated injuries among these workers, followed by strains and sprains, contusions and eye injuries. Injuries were most commonly caused by sharp objects, falls and falling objects. Some 35% of the injuries were to the hand, wrists or fingers. Labourers and Hispanic workers were over-represented among these severe cases. Review of injury circumstances helped establish priorities for prevention activities. (63739)

CIS 95-181 Occupational injuries among construction workers in Hong Kong. Wong T.W., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.247-252. Illus. 10 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-182 Mortality among Danish merchant seamen from 1970 to 1985. Brandt L.P.A., Kirk N.U., Jensen O.C., Hansen H.L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.867-876. 24 ref. (In English)

Retrospective cohort study of the mortality patterns of Danish merchant ships in the period 1970-1985. An increased overall mortality among all groups of seamen was found, being highest for deck and engine crew members. The overall mortality was strongly dependent on age and marital status. The highest mortality rate ratios (MRR) were found among young seamen and unmarried seamen. Elevated MRRs for cancer of the respiratory system were found among engine officers and crew. The MRRs for accidents and suicide were increased for all seamen, and were highest for crew members, among whom the MRR from accidents was stable within age groups but fell for suicide with increasing age. The same pattern was found with cirrhosis of the liver, although this was positively associated with increasing age. Excess mortality from ischaemic heart disease was only found among engine crew. (63690)

CIS 95-183 Accident and injury levels in oil and gas extraction and prospecting. (Russian: Sostojanie avarijnosti i travmatizma v neftegazodobyvajuščej promyšlennosti i na geologorazvedočnyh rabotah) Dadonov Ju. A., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, June 1994, No.6, p.13-16. (In Russian)

In 1993, there were 19 serious accidents and 34 fatal injuries in the gas and oil prospecting and extraction enterprises subject to the Russian mining inspectorate. The number of accidents was down in comparison to 1992, but fatalities were up. Most of the increase was in Western Siberia. Defective or improperly repaired equipment was involved in some of the fatalities, but in all cases there was a failure to follow good practice or official regulations. Most (16) of the accidents occurred during drilling operations. Blow-outs (9) were the most common type. (63749)

CIS 95-184 Retrospective cohort study of workers of a synthetic textiles plant in Quebec: I. General mortality, II. Colorectal cancer mortality and incidence. Goldberg M.S., Thériault G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.889-907 and 909-922. 41 ref. + 36 ref. (In English)

Retrospective cohort study of workers of a synthetic textiles plant. The cohort consisted of 7487 men and 2724 women who had worked at least 1 year at the plant and who were either working in 1947 or employed between 1947 and 1977. Mortality rates for most causes of death were less than expected; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death among men was 0.73 and among women it was 0.77. For men, the SMR for all neoplasms was 0.76 and for colorectal cancer it was 0.69. For women, the SMR for all neoplasms was 1.01 and for colorectal cancer it was 1.02. (63684)

CIS 95-185 Environmental and medical survey in a tobacco manufacturing plant. (Italian: Una manifattura di tabacco - Indagine ambientale e sanitaria) Speziale M., Fornaciai G., Monechi M.V., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1994, Vol.85, No.2, p.149-156. 11 ref. (In Italian)

Widespread environmental pollution in a tobacco manufacturing plant in Tuscany was identified as one of the possible risk factors for respiratory disorders among the workers. High concentrations of airborne dust were recorded during the tobacco supply operations and at other work stations respirable dust concentrations were well above the TLV. A medical survey carried out to assess the health status of the workers showed a fairly high frequency of respiratory diseases. As a result of these findings, a dust control programme was enforced. (63691)

CIS 95-186 Economic assessment of occupational injuries in furniture industries. Rundmo T., Söderqvist A., Safety Science, Aug. 1994, Vol.18, No.1, p.33-43. 26 ref. (In English)

Occupational accidents occurring during one year at 39 furniture manufacturing firms in Norway and Sweden were investigated and two models for the costing of accidents were compared. In-plant costs calculated with the spare-capacity model were two to five times those arrived at using the market-pricing model. The spare-capacity model realistically reflected true costs. A substantial proportion of the total costs was borne by other than the employing firms. (63793)

CIS 95-187 Contemporary problems of the occupational safety and health of workers in the building materials industry under hot climatic conditions. (Russian: Sovremennye problemy ohrany truda rabočih promyšlennosti stroitel'nyh materialov v uslovijah žarkogo klimata) Babaev A. B., Lamihov B. Ju., Sergeev D. Ju., Medicina truda i promyšlennaja ėkologija, Nov.-Dec. 1993, No.11-12, p.6-9. 4 ref. (In Russian)

The construction materials sector employs more than 10,000 persons in Tajikistan. Basic information on working conditions in the hot continental climate of the country is lacking, which impedes the establishment of guidelines for the improvement of those conditions. Observations and measurements were made at all seasons of the year at each stage in the production and use of ferro-concrete panels, from the quarrying of the aggregate to the assembly of the panels on a building site. Stressful extremes of temperature were recorded. Concentrations of siliceous and metallic dusts, welding fume and carbon monoxide frequently exceeded official exposure limits, as did levels of noise and (occasionally) local vibration. In addition, certain operations, such as the assembly of the reinforcing armature of ferro-concrete panels, involve heavy physical effort. The net result is premature exhaustion of many workers. Average values and ranges are given for temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, concentrations, noise, vibration and illumination levels, heart rate and blood pressure. (63750)

CIS 95-188 Handicapped workers: Study of requests received by C.O.T.O.R.E.P. (Section 1) of Isère in one year. (French: Les travailleurs handicapés: analyse des dossiers déposés à la C.O.T.O.R.E.P. 1re section de l'Isère sur un an) Charuel C., Morin B., Romazini S., Billot V., Troupel M.E., Metsu M., de Gaudemaris R., Mallion J.M., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.35-42. Illus. 14 ref. (In French)

The purpose of the French Law dated 10 July 1987 on handicapped workers is to integrate them into the workforce or keep them at work. With a view to determine an employment policy for this population, a good knowledge of its characteristics is essential. COTOREP (Technical Committee for Vocational Orientation) is the best observation post as it is the only structure authorized to recognize the status of handicapped worker. A study of the requests received by the COTOREP of Isère (France) during the year 1990 enables us to analyze the social, medical and professional characteristics of handicapped workers in this Region. A multivariate analysis enables us to define five types of handicapped workers. This will help managers to take charge of, integrate and follow up each group, and COTOREP to locate the job most suited to the handicapped job-seeker. (63614)

CIS 95-189 Immigrants and occupational accidents: A comparative study of the frequency and types of accidents encountered by foreign and Swedish citizens at an engineering plant in Sweden. Döös M., Laflamme L., Backström T., Safety Science, Aug. 1994, Vol.18, No.1, p.15-32. 39 ref. (In English)

A study was made of 537 accidents at a Swedish automobile and truck factory. The study offers no support for the view that immigrants are at greater risk than nationals for occupational accidents; most comparisons showed a higher (although not statistically significant) accident frequency among workers of Swedish nationality. There was, however, a higher accident frequency for young and less experienced foreign citizens than for young Swedish nationals. The study also revealed no significant differences between the types of accidents encountered by the two groups of workers. (63792)

CIS 95-190 Safety in Mines Research Advisory Board 1993 report to the Health and Safety Commission. Health and Safety Executive, HM Inspectorate of Mines, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. 18p. (In English)

This report provides a summary of research reviewed by the Safety in Mines Research Advisory Board in 1993 in the areas of: fire and explosion; haulage and transport; detection, control and monitoring of gases and vapours in the mine environment; human factors and ergonomics; occupational medicine. (63767)

CIS 95-191 Tilers, pavers and mosaicists. (German: Fliesen-, Platten- und Mosaikleger) Adelmann M., Bunk W., Linke-Kaiser G., Wakula J., Schildge B., Rohmert W., Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Bau-Berufsgenossenschaft, An der Festeburg 27-29, 60389 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1994. 222p. Illus. Index., ISBN 3-924356-05-X (In German)

A detailed examination of 130 tilers by industrial physicians identified the main risk factors of this group of workers. They are: contact of the skin with harmful substances such as solvents, cement, and chromium compounds; kneeling and squatting postures; lifting and carrying of loads. As a consequence, diseases of the lumbar spine, the knee, the upper extremities and the skin were found to be frequent among the tilers. Job and posture studies confirmed the stress factors identified by the medical examinations. They ranked the spinal column and the knee as affected most seriously. Measures to reduce the loads acting on the knee and the spinal column and to avoid allergic skin reactions are recommended. (63715)

CIS 95-192 1994 Fact Book: National program for occupational safety and health in construction. Publications Dissemination, DSDTT, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Mar. 1994. xiii, 127p. 6 ref. Index. (In English)

This document provides a series of fact sheets describing projects carried out as part of a national safety and health programme in the US construction industry. Projects include: hearing conservation programmes; ergonomic hazard evaluations; identification and control of hazardous substances (lead, asphalt fume, asbestos substitutes, silica); respiratory health hazards caused by toxic dusts; information services; surveillance studies of trades within the construction industry; musculoskeletal disorders; safety and health training. A summary of each project is provided along with prevention activities. (63727)

CIS 95-193 Construction safety management. Levitt R.E., Samelson N.M., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1993. xxvi, 273p. 34 ref. Index. Price: GBP 32.95., ISBN 0-471-59933-6 (In English)

This manual describes safety management methods for various levels of management within the construction industry. Topics covered include: accident cost accounting; the role of the chief executive (establishing a zero accident culture); the job-site manager (setting priorities, planning for high project performance, staff relations, maintaining communications, managing new workers and subcontractors); the foreman (working with crews, foreman training); the role of the safety professional; responsibilities of construction buyers; new developments in construction safety management. (63794)

CIS 95-194 Railway safety - HM Railway Inspectorate's Annual Report on the safety record of the railways in Great Britain during 1993/1994. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 78p. Illus. Price: GBP 11.00. ###, ISBN 0-7176-0862-X (In English)

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CIS 95-195 1992 Annual report of the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1992. 28p. Illus. (In English)

This report describes the key elements of the CCPS Chemical Process Safety Management System and lists publications and research projects under the following headings: process knowledge and documentation; capital project review and design procedures; process risk management; management of change; process and equipment integrity; human factors; training and performance; incident investigation; audits and corrective action; enhancement of process safety knowledge. A financial report is included. (63770)

CIS 95-196 Diet, health and the offshore worker - A pilot study. Mearns K.J., Fenn C.E., Health and Safety Executive, Offshore Technology Report, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 42p. 35 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0682-1 (In English)

This report presents the results from a pilot study to survey the number and types of health promotion programmes currently in operation on offshore installations in the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea. Most respondents gave offshore health promotion high priority because of the ageing offshore population and their relatively poor lifestyle (smoking, lack of exercise and overeating). A range of programmes is currently in operation but they are limited to 47% of Norwegian platforms and 39% of British platforms which replied to the questionnaire. The data reflect a growing interest in preventive medicine and health promotion offshore. Appendices: questionnaires. (63799)

CIS 95-197 Safety management systems. Sharing experiences in process safety. Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 45p. 16 ref., ISBN 0-85295-356-9 (In English)

This publication presents information on safety management and safety management systems provided by member organizations of the European Process Safety Centre (EPSC). Contents: background information on the EPSC and the Working Party on Safety Management Systems; basic philosophy of safety management systems; overview of safety management systems; examples of safety management practices in place at five major European chemical manufacturing companies; future perspectives. (63801)

CIS 95-198 Laboratory design issues. British Occupational Hygiene Society, H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1992. x, 123p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-948237-11-2 (In English)

This document provides technical guidance on the design of laboratories. Contents: the design process; laboratory building design; the working area; building services; laboratory furniture; ventilated enclosures and fume discharge; storage facilities; waste management. Appendices cover clinical, microbiological and radioactive laboratories, room data sheets and minimum health and safety requirements in the workplace. (63840)

CIS 95-199 Approved code of practice for safety and health in tree work. Part 1: Arboriculture. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Aug. 1994. 100p. Illus. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03518-3 (In English)

Contents of this code of practice: summary of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992; general operational considerations; safe use of machinery and hand tools; protective clothing and equipment; provision of first aid; transportation of workers; storage of petrol and other flammable liquids; lifting and handling; fire precautions; work near overhead power lines and underground services; public safety; safe use of chainsaws; climbing and climbing equipment; tree pruning; tree felling; machine operations; maximum daily noise exposure. (63831)

CIS 95-200 Approved code of practice for safety and health in forest operations. Part 5: Timber stacking, packeting and transportation. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Aug. 1994. 51p. Illus. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03497-7 (In English)

Contents of this code of practice: summary of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992; design requirements for load carriage on a vehicle (restraining the load, restraint requirements, vehicle requirements, transportation on an open platform); restraint equipment; timber stacking and packeting; standard methods (securing devices, chains). (63832)

CIS 95-201 A brief guide on COSHH for the offshore oil and gas industry. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. iv, 19p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: GBP 6.75. ###, ISBN 0-7176-0851-4 (In English)

Guide to the implementation of the COSHH 1994 regulations (CIS 95-19), with the needs of the offshore oil and gas industry in mind. (63928)

CIS 95-202 Safety rules relating to welding. (Hungarian: Hegesztési biztonsági szabályzat) Országos Munkavédelmi Tudományos Kutató Intézet, Ötvös János utca 1-3, 1021 Budapest, Hungary, 1994. 71p. ###, ISBN 963-7142-33-9 (In Hungarian)

(63934)

CIS 95-203 Approved code of practice for demolition. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Sep. 1994. 58p. 9 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03558-2 (In English)

Contents of this code of practice: introduction and legislative requirements; definitions; general requirements; pre-demolition checks; safety precautions during demolition; methods of demolition; safety using mechanical plant; guidelines for cleanup of contaminated sites; house lifting for removal or excavation under; demolition safety checklist. In appendix: safe use of tools and personal protective equipment; cutting and welding. (63827)

CIS 95-204 Safety rules of construction work. (Hungarian: Építőipari kivitelezési biztonsági szabályzat) Országos Munkavédelmi Tudományos Kutató Intézet, Ötvös János utca 1-3, 1021 Budapest, Hungary, 1994. 63p. ###, ISBN 963-7142-34-7 (In Hungarian)

(63935)

CIS 95-205 Making your safety policy work. A guide to the implementation of health and safety policies in printing works. Health and Safety Commission, Printing Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. 23p. 35 ref. Free. (In English)

This leaflet provides guidance on the preparation and implementation of a health and safety policy in a printing works. Contents: statement of general policy; responsibilities; arrangements for health and safety; identifying hazards and assessing risks; employee consultation; publishing the policy; checking that the policy is carried out (eg machinery safeguards, chemical safety, transport and storage, fire protection, systems of work and maintenance). (63641)

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CIS 95-206 Effects of technological change on working conditions in brick and tile manufacturing. (German: Auswirkungen technologischer Veränderungen auf die Arbeitsbedingungen bei der Fertigung grobkeramischer Produkte) Tielsch R., Müller B.H., Hettinger T., Ergo-Med, Nov.-Dec. 1993, Vol.17, No.6, p.182-190. Illus. 12 ref. (In German)

Stress factors in the brick and tile industry in Germany were analyzed. Mental and physical stress sources such as workload, work posture, speed of work, exposure to noise, dust, and heat, repetitive tasks, responsibility, reaction speed and safety rules to be complied with were determined for manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized, partly automated and fully automated processes. The results are presented in tables and graphs. Independent of the degree of mechanization or automation of the processes, noise exposure was found to be the most important hazard throughout the industry. (63719)

CIS 95-207 Objective evaluation of visual fatigue in VDU workers. Gur S., Ron S., Heicklen-Klein A., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.201-204. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

Accommodation and convergence tests were carried out on 16 VDU workers and 13 controls before work at the beginning of the week and again four days later at the end of the working day. VDU workers showed a significant decrease in both accommodation and convergence range compared with controls; workers with high values of these variables at first examination showed a greater decrease. It is suggested that accommodation and convergence measurements can be used to evaluate visual fatigue objectively in VDU workers. (63754)

CIS 95-208 Safety and health framework for emergency plans in genetic engineering plants. (German: Sicherheitstechnische Rahmenbedingungen für Notfallpläne bei gentechnischen Anlagen) Technischer Überwachungs-Verein Bayern Sachsen e.v. Umwelt und Entwicklung, Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen, Rosenkavalierplatz 2, 81925 München, Germany, June 1993. iii, 235p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

The facts that need to be taken into account in making emergency plans for genetic engineering plants include: the location of the plant, the number of employees, the type of organisms used, the equipment and buildings, the internal and external hazards such as equipment failure, fire, explosion, human failure, natural disasters that could cause the release of harmful genetically-engineered organisms into the environment, the dispersion of the released organisms in soil, water and the atmosphere and the consequences. Two fictive cases, an explosion in the immediate vicinity of a genetic engineering plant and the explosion of a fermentor inside a genetic engineering plant are used to illustrate measures needed for protection from, or containment of, inadvertent releases. (63714)

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CIS 95-209 Retention of asbestos bodies in the lungs of welders. Pairon J.C., Martinon L., Iwatsubo Y., Vallentin F., Billon-Galland M.A., Bignon J., Brochard P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.793-804. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

Retrospective study of asbestos body (AB) retention in 211 welders. Optical microscopy of ABs was performed on samples of sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and lung tissue obtained after thoracotomy. Information on previous jobs and exposure was obtained using a questionnaire. The duration of welding activities correlated with the density of AB in BAL or lung tissue. On the basis of the questionnaire, only two of the welders with significant ABs retention had other occupational exposure to asbestos. Welding activities may increase lung retention of ABs and consequently produce higher risks of fibrotic and/or malignant pulmonary diseases. (63681)

CIS 95-210 Exposure of workers to a mixture of toluene and xylenes - I. Metabolism. Huang M.Y., Jin C., Liu Y.T., Li B.H., Qu Q.S., Uchida Y., Inoue O., Nakatsuka H., Watanabe T., Ikeda M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.42-46. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

The urinary excretion of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid was studied in 233 subjects in China (122 men and 111 women) exposed to toluene and xylenes in combination and in 281 non-exposed controls (141 men and 140 women) recruited from the same factories or factories of the same region. Smoking and drinking habits of the subjects were obtained by medical interviews. A urine sample was collected from each worker at the end of a shift and was analyzed for hippuric and methylhippuric acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Air samples for the estimation of toluene and xylenes were collected with diffusive personal samplers. There was a linear correlation between the time-weighted average exposure either to toluene or xylene isomers and the concentrations of hippuric acid or methylhippuric acid isomers in urine. The metabolism of toluene and xylenes was significantly reduced among smokers or drinkers compared with non-smokers and non-drinkers. (63574)

CIS 95-211 Exposure of workers to a mixture of toluene and xylenes - II. Effects. Chen Z., Liu S.J., Cai S.X., Yao Y.M., Yin H., Ukai H., Uchida Y., Nakatsuka H., Watanabe T., Ikeda M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.47-49. 28 ref. (In English)

The health effects of exposure to a mixture of toluene and xylene isomers were studied on the fourth or fifth days of a working week in factories in China. The study population consisted of 233 exposed subjects and 241 controls. The prevalence of some subjective symptoms significantly increased in the exposed population, and the symptom profiles were similar to those found after exposure to toluene or xylenes alone. Haematology and serum biochemistry did not show notable changes. It seems reasonable to conclude that the effects of the toxicities of toluene and xylenes in combination are additive. (63575)

CIS 95-212 Health risk evaluation of nitrogen oxides. Berglund M., Boström C.E., Bylin G., Ewetz L., Gustafsson L., Moldéus P., Norberg S., Pershagen G., Victorin K., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1993, vol.19, suppl.2, 72p. Illus. Approx. 450 ref. (In English)

Contents of this criteria document: nitrogen oxides in ambient air: properties, sources and concentrations; exposure; absorption and metabolic fate of nitrogen oxides; toxicity induced by nitrogen dioxide in experimental animals and isolated cell systems; controlled studies on humans; experimental studies on nitric oxide; genotoxicity; epidemiologic studies including on occupational exposures; health risk evaluation and recommended guideline values. (63579)

CIS 95-213 Exposure to chemical pollutants during the manufacture and reprocessing of inorganic catalysts. (French: Fabrication et retraitement de catalyseurs minéraux. Evaluation de l'exposition chimique des salariés) Héry M., Gerber J.M., Diebold F., Honnert B., Hecht G., Hubert G., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1957-155-94, p.151-156. 11 ref. (In French)

Chemical exposure in the workplace was assessed in France in three plants manufacturing catalysts and in two plants reprocessing them. In four plants, the installation of air-filtering devices reduced exposures below limit values. In one of the two reprocessing plants, 30% of the samples exceeded the limit value, with improvements possible through collective protection. The efficiency of negative pressure half-masks was tested in this plant. (63591)

CIS 95-214 Occupational exposure to methylene chloride. (French: Exposition professionnelle au dichlorométhane) Vincent R., Poirot P., Subra I., Carton B., Jeandel B., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1958-155-94, p.157-167. 37 ref. (In French)

Methylene chloride exposure in France is surveyed through an examination of two sets of findings: those of a campaign conducted in 20 firms in various sectors of the economy (chemical, pharmaceutical, food and electronics industries; manufacturing and utilization of paint strippers, cleaning solvents in the polyester industry, reprocessing of chlorinated solvents, etc.): 621 samples (396 long-term personal samples, 160 short-term and 125 atmospheric samples), and those of an analysis of 1,710 samples collated by the CRAM inter-regional chemical laboratories and available on the COLCHIC database. Many of the findings in the first set exceeded the current limit values recommended by the Ministry of Labour (ELV = 1,800mg/m³; MEV = 360mg/m³), not to mention the new values currently under discussion (ELV = 360mg/m³; MEV = 180mg/m³). In the second case, although the findings are not comparable to those of the other campaign, they do confirm the large number of different sectors with high risk factors. In the light of these results substitute processes need to be found. In particular, so-called "open-air" processes should be banned. (63592)

CIS 95-215 Limit values for concentrations of dangerous substances in workplace air: USA (ACGIH) and Germany (MAK-Werte). (French: Valeurs limites d'exposition professionnelle aux substances dangereuses de l'ACGIH aux Etats-Unis et de la Commission MAK en Allemagne) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1962-155-94, p.223-252. 4 ref. (In French)

French translation of excerpts of publications entitled 1993-1994 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Maximum Concentrations at the Workplace for Working Materials 1993, the English version of the German MAK-commission's annual report. This note provides details on the limit values adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the MAK Commission in Germany. The American and German values are listed with CAS number for more than 1000 substances in ppm and mg/m³. Further information on carcinogenic substances, mixtures and dust is appended for the two countries. (63596)

CIS 95-216 Methyl bromide - Use and hazards for applicators and consumers. (French: Bromure de méthyle, son emploi, son danger pour l'applicateur et le consommateur) Brosset A., Marquet P., Lachâtre G., Merle L., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.189-196. 28 ref. (In French)

Methyl bromide is a widely used fumigant and soil disinfectant which is cheap, efficient and quite easy to apply. In exposed people, lung, skin, gastro-intestinal tract and, in particular, central nervous system toxicities have been reported. Methyl bromide is potentially highly dangerous because: it is colourless and almost odourless, so that severe exposure could occur unknowingly; toxic manifestations are delayed and could develop hours after the exposure; there is no known antidote; repeated exposures to low concentrations may be harmful (neurological and psychiatric sequelae have been described). Safety regulations about its use should be strictly followed and enforced. Applicators should be properly trained. (63620)

CIS 95-217 Evaluation of monitoring methods for nitrogen oxides. Laitinen J., Liesivuori J., Linnainmaa M., Kalliokoski P., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 1993, Vol.37, No.3, p.307-314. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

This study compared data obtained by various dynamic monitoring methods for nitrogen oxides with the results of calculations based on data obtained with a dynamic gas generator in a laboratory and data from a chemiluminescence analyzer in the field. Chemiluminescence analysis is considered to be the most accurate method in the literature and is confirmed as such by this study. Detector tubes turned out to have the next best overall performance. The liquid sorbent method for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) gave also acceptable results both in the laboratory (78% of the calculated results) and in the field experiments. The collection efficiency of the solid sorbent tube method was poorer than that reported in the literature, being only 69% in the laboratory tests for NO₂ and 85% for nitric oxide (NO). The results of the solid sorbent tube method were also low in the field tests, being only 54% for NO compared to chemiluminescent data. The solid sorbent tube method gave acceptable results for NO₂ in the field tests (90% of the results obtained with the chemiluminescence analyzer). (63672)

CIS 95-218 Poisoning by lead and its salts. (French: Intoxication par le plomb et ses sels) Duc M., Kaminsky P., Klein M., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 1994. 10p. Illus. 97 ref. (In French)

Main points of this note on the occupational pathology of lead (Pb): French schedule of occupational diseases due to lead and its compounds; activities exposing to a risk of lead poisoning: metal and chemical industry and applications; crafts and art trades; miscellaneous (accumulators, ammunition, printing, demolition). Lead metabolism (absorption, distribution, excretion). Mechanisms of the toxicity of Pb: cellular, tissular, renal and digestive toxicity. Clinical signs of Pb poisoning. Biological diagnosis of lead poisoning: available tests. Treatment. Legislation applicable in France: prevention and medical surveillance of exposed workers; pre-employment medical examination (aptitude to work record). (63675)

CIS 95-219 Pesticide poisonings in Costa Rica. Wesseling C., Castillo L., Elinder C.G., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1993, Vol.19, No.4, p.227-235. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

A descriptive epidemiologic study conducted in Costa Rica investigated the incidence of pesticide poisoning with special attention to agricultural workers and occupational exposure. Information from 3 national registers (occupational accident and disease reports, hospitalizations and deaths) were used. During 1986, 1800 occupational accidents caused by pesticides were reported; between 1980 and 1986, 3330 persons were hospitalized and 429 died. Cholinesterase inhibitors caused 71% of the reported occupational accidents, 63% of the hospitalizations and 36% of the deaths. Paraquat caused 21% of the occupational accidents, 24% of the hospitalizations and 60% of the deaths. Hospitalizations and deaths were 13 and 11 times more frequent, respectively, among agricultural workers than among the rest of the population. High-risk groups for occupational poisonings included agricultural workers aged 15-29 years, female workers and banana plantation workers. The yearly incidence of symptomatic occupational pesticide poisonings among agricultural workers was estimated at 4.5%. (63677)

CIS 95-220 Formaldehyde exposure, acute pulmonary response, and exposure control options in a gross anatomy laboratory. Akbar-Khanzadeh F., Vaquerano M.U., Akbar-Khanzadeh M., Bisesi M.S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1994, Vol.26, No.1, p.61-75. 45 ref. (In English)

Formaldehyde exposure, acute pulmonary response, and exposure control options were evaluated in a group of 34 workers in a gross anatomy laboratory. More than 94% were exposed to formaldehyde in excess of the ceiling value of 0.3ppm recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The eight-hour TWA exposure of 31.7% of the subjects exceeded the action level of 0.5ppm, set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Reported symptoms included irritation of the eye, nose, throat and airways. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV₃) decreased, and FEV₁/FVC increased during the exposure. The changes in FEV₃ were statistically different from those of the controls. (63686)

CIS 95-221 Back pressure modeling of indoor air concentrations from volatilizing sources. Jayjock M.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.230-235. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

A back pressure model is presented for indoor volatilizing sources of greater than a few hundred square meters in large rooms or about one tenth of the floor surface area of small rooms. A back pressure model is a model that takes the concentration of the volatilizing substance in the air into account. The model predicts that dilution ventilation will be relatively ineffective in controlling exposure from sources with large vaporizing surface area to room volume ratios. (63704)

CIS 95-222 The application and significance of wipe samples. Klingner T.D., McCorkle T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.251-254. 21 ref. (In English)

Wipe sampling is suggested to be promoted as a supplement to traditional air concentration measurements. Three studies are reviewed to show the relevance of using wipe samples in the evaluation of chemical hazards in the workplace. It is suggested that the number of compounds considered to be skin hazards is underestimated. A number of incidents where dermal exposure was important are described. More extensive use of wipe samples may have revealed these exposures at an earlier stage. (63707)

CIS 95-223 Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in an electrode paste plant. Øvrebø S., Haugen A., Fjeldstad P.E., Hemminki K., Szyfter K., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.3, p.303-310. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

Comparison of several biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure among electrode paste plant workers and workers not occupationally exposed to PAH. The PAH exposure was quantified from samples collected with person-attached sampling devices. The level of pyrene was significantly correlated with both PAH level and the level of selected carcinogenic PAHs in this type of exposure. The mean concentration of the biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene in the PAH exposed workers' urine was 6.98µmol of 1-hydroxypyrene per mole of creatinine compared with 0.08 and 0.14µmol in the two reference groups. PAH-DNA adducts were measured in DNA from white blood cells by the enzyme radioimmunoassay and ³²P-postlabelling techniques. Only urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was significantly increased in the PAH-exposed group. (63735)

CIS 95-224 Health status of pesticide applicators with attention to the peripheral nervous system. Linz D.H., Suskind R.R., Lockey J.E., Keebler P.J., Shukla R., Rice C.H., Pflaumer J.E., McKay R.T., Livingston G.K., Albert R.E., Journal of Agromedicine, 1994, Vol.1, No.3. p.23-42. 24 ref. (In English)

A health status survey was carried out on 102 pesticide applicators employed for over nine years and potentially exposed to a variety of fertilizers, herbicides and fungicides. As a group, the applicators were healthy save for abnormalities in nerve conduction studies in 29 subjects. Further studies revealed no evidence of exposure-related peripheral neuropathic symptoms or nerve conduction study effects and no significant differences in these endpoints between the pesticide applicators and a control group. Limitations of the study are discussed. (63762)

CIS 95-225 Neuropsychological symptoms among tanker drivers with exposure to solvents. Hakkola M., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.243-246. 10 ref. ### (In English)

Questionnaire-based study of 61 drivers routinely exposed to organic solvents (gasoline) and of two groups of controls. No statistically significant differences were found for any neuropsychological symptom between any of the groups. (63945)

CIS 95-226 The effect of occupational exposure to mercury vapour on the fertility of female dental assistants. Rowland A.S., Baird D.D., Weinberg C.R., Shore D.L., Shy C.M., Wilcox A.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.28-34. 66 ref. (In English)

To study the effects of mercury vapour on fertility in women, eligibility questionnaires were sent to 7,000 registered dental assistants in California, USA. The final eligible sample of 418 women, who had become pregnant during the previous four years, were interviewed by telephone. Detailed information was collected on mercury handling practices and the number of menstrual cycles without contraception it had taken them to become pregnant. Dental assistants not working with amalgam served as unexposed controls. Women with high occupational exposure to mercury were less fertile than unexposed controls. The fecundability (probability of conception each menstrual cycle) of women who prepared 30 or more amalgams per week and who had five or more poor mercury hygiene factors was only 63% of that for unexposed women (95% CI 42%-96%) after controlling for covariates. Women with low exposure were more fertile, however, than unexposed controls. Possible explanations for the U-shaped dose response and limitations of the exposure measure are discussed. Further investigation that uses biological measures of mercury exposed is needed. (63572)

CIS 95-227 Residual neurobehavioural effects associated with chronic exposure to mercury vapour. Kishi R., Doi R., Fukuchi Y., Satoh H., Satoh T., Ono A., Moriwaka F., Tashiro K., Takahata N., Sasatani H., Shirakashi H., Kamada T., Nakagawa K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.35-41. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

To find the residual effects of long-term exposure to mercury vapour, neurobehavioural tests were given to ex-mercury miners about 18 years after the end of mercury exposure. Seventy-six male ex-mercury miners who had been exposed to high concentrations of mercury vapour (>1.0mg/m³) and with a history of mercury intoxication were compared with controls matched for age (within three years), sex, and education. Although the extent of the workers' symptoms caused by mercury poisoning, termed erethismus mercurialis, decreased considerably after the end of exposure, matched paired comparison showed that performances of motor coordination, simple reaction time, and short-term memory had deteriorated significantly in the exposed group. These results suggest that there are slight but persistent effects on neurobehavioural function, especially on motor coordination, among mercury miners even more than 10 years after the end of exposure. (63573)

CIS 95-228 Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in shoe workers exposed long term to benzene. Türkel B., Egeli U., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.50-53. 19 ref. (In English)

Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to compare 58 shoe workers (57 men and one woman) exposed to benzene and 20 subjects selected from the general population not exposed to particular mutagenic or carcinogenic agents (control group). Frequencies of damaged cells, including gaps, breaks, and rearrangements (acentric fragments, deletions, translocations) were scored for both groups. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations (particularly chromatid gaps and breaks) in the exposed group was significantly higher than in the control group. There were no effects of smoking and only breaks were affected by alcohol. Nor was there a significant relation between the working period in the group exposed to benzene and frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Recommended safety measure: lowering of the limit value from 20ppm to 1ppm and improvement of working conditions. (63576)

CIS 95-229 A mortality study of cobalt production workers: An extension of the follow-up. (French: Etude épidémiologique de mortalité dans une usine électrochimique produisant du cobalt) Moulin J.J., Wild P., Mur J.M., Fournier-Betz M., Mercier-Gallay M., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.277-281. 12 ref. (In French)

French version of an article published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine (see CIS 93-1273). Summary: The follow-up of a cohort of workers employed in a French electrochemical plant producing cobalt and sodium, previously studied from 1950-1980, was extended to 1981-1988. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-0.95, 309 observed) for the whole cohort, and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.83-1.08, 247 observed) for the subcohort of workers born in France. With regard to lung cancer mortality among cobalt production workers, which is the main objective of the study, the SMRs were, respectively, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.18-2.50, 3 observed) and 1.16 (95% CI = 0.24-3.40, 3 observed). Neither did any excess of mortality from diseases of the circulatory and of the respiratory systems appear among cobalt production workers. Maintenance workers, however, exhibited high SMRs for lung cancer, reaching statistical significance for duration of exposure and time since first exposure ≥30 years. This study does not support the hypothesis of a relationship between lung cancer and cobalt exposure. (63601)

CIS 95-230 Contact dermatitis from dazomet: Seven cases. (French: Dermite de contact au dazomet: 7 cas) Garnier R., Prince C., Reygagne A., Azoyan P., Dally S., Efthymiou M.L., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.649-651. 5 ref. (In French)

Dazomet is used as a soil disinfectant which acts by hydrolytic release of methylisothiocyanate. In spite of its resulting high toxicity, cases of contact dermatitis and/or systemic poisoning have rarely been published. Seven cases of contact dermatitis from dazomet are reported here. Lesions were observed on hands and forearms (5 cases), feet and legs (6 cases), face (1 case), trunk (1 case) and buttocks (1 case); in all cases but one they were bullous. No case of systemic poisoning was identified in this series, but biological tests were performed in only two patients. Contact dermatitis from dazomet generally results from mishandling and can be easily prevented. (63602)

CIS 95-231 Systemic sclerosis after cresol inhalation. (French: Sclérodermie systémique après inhalation de crésol) Cevallos R., Assous M., Dournovo P., Nicolas P., Guillevin L., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.43-45. Illus. 23 ref. (In French)

A case of systemic sclerosis is reported in which the pathogen is probably inhaled cresol, a phenolic derivate of toluene, administered as a disinfectant in an unventilated office. In treatment, corticotherapy did not have any effect and improvement was only seen after factor XIII therapy. (63615)

CIS 95-232 Occupational allergies to rubber. (French: Les allergies professionnelles au caoutchouc) Cavelier C., Foussereau J., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.56, p.333-362. Illus. 145 ref. (In French)

Contents of this bibliographic review and occupational allergo-dermatology data sheet on work-related allergies to rubber: introduction (signs of occupational allergy to rubber); allergic eczema to rubber (frequency and exposed occupations, clinical assessment and causative agents, clinical forms, allergens, tests, crossed allergy, chemical investigations, allergen research); allergic urticaria to rubber (frequency, exposed occupations and importance of atopy, place of allergic or immunologic urticaria in contact urticaria, clinical forms, allergy tests, immunologic nature of latex urticaria, diagnosis of latex urticaria, procedure in case of contact urticaria to latex gloves, other allergens of latex gloves); differential diagnosis of rubber allergies; treatment and prevention of rubber allergies and of relapses; information relating to commercial products, their composition, their tolerance; compensation in France. (63632)

CIS 95-233 Neurobehavioural functions among workers exposed to manganese ore. Chia S.E., Foo S.C., Gan S.L., Jeyaratnam J., Tian C.S., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug.1993, Vol.19, No.4, p. 264-270. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

The Neurobehavioural Core Test Battery from the World Health Organization was performed on 17 baggers (mean age 36.6 years) in a manganese ore milling plant and 17 referents (mean age 35.7 years). The baggers had a mean exposure period of 7.4 (range 1-14) years with a mean blood manganese concentration of 25.3 (range 15-92.5) g/L. Of the 37 symptoms related to the nervous system, 20 were more frequently reported by the exposed workers. No significant differences were noted between the nerve conduction of the median and ulnar nerves of the dominant forearm of the two groups. The exposed workers had significantly poorer motor speed, visual scanning, visuomotor coordination, visuomotor and response speed, and visuomotor coordination and steadiness. A clinical examination did not reveal any abnormality among the two groups. Hence a neurobehavioural test battery may be a more sensitive method than a clinical examination in detecting early changes in motor function among manganese exposed workers. (63678)

CIS 95-234 Outbreak of organising pneumonia in textile printing sprayers. Moya C., Antó J.M., Newman Taylor A.J., Lancet, 20 Aug. 1994, Vol.344, No.8921, p.498-502. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Eight textile printing factories using spraying techniques in Valencia, Spain were investigated following the occurrence of severe interstitial lung disease in three employees. Clinical and radiological data and biopsy specimens from 71 (27.6%) workers with abnormal respiratory features indicated the occurrence of an outbreak of organizing pneumonia which resulted in six deaths. Although the precise toxicological mechanism is unknown, it is proposed that the lung disease was caused by spray procedures which caused inhalation of a respirable aerosol of Acramin FWN. (63814)

CIS 95-235 Dioxins in blood from Swedish phenoxy herbicide workers. Littorin M., Hansson M., Rappe C., Kogevinas M., Lancet, 27 Aug. 1994, Vol.344, No.8922. p.611-612. 5 ref. (In English)

This brief communication presents the results of a follow-up study of 5 workers employed between 1964 and 1978 in a Swedish factory which produced chlorophenoxy herbicides and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Blood plasma analysis indicated that the workers had much higher levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) than did five referents. A relationship was observed between employment time and values of TCDD. Values of other dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and of non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were also higher in the workers. (63815)

CIS 95-236 Carcinogenicity of mercury and mercury compounds. Boffetta A., Merler E., Vainio H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1993, Vol.19, No.1, p.1-7. 66 ref. ### (In English)

(63937)

CIS 95-237 Respiratory protective equipment. Medical criteria determining their potential use. (French: Les appareils de protection respiratoire - Eléments médicaux de détermination d'aptitude à leur utilisation) Jouannique V., Hure P., Falcy M., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.56, p.321-331. Illus. 33 ref. (In French)

Respiratory protection is necessary when air pollutants (dusts, gases or vapours) are present, when oxygen is scarce and when pollution control measures are inadequate. It falls upon the practitioner to determine whether workers needing protection are able to wear such respiratory equipment. An overview of the devices available is followed by a review of the physiological effects associated with their use and of the disorders or diseases which may make it impossible for workers to use them. Additional examinations which may be prescribed in order to assess the ability to wear such equipment are envisaged. In conclusion, an approach is proposed to assess the ability to wear respiratory protection taking into account three types of situations. (63631)

CIS 95-238 Development of a dichotomous-flow quantitative fit test for half-mask and full-facepiece respirators. Krishnan U., Willeke K., Juozaitis A., Lehtimäki M., Szewczyk K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.223-229. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

A method to quantitate the fit of elastomeric half-mask and full-facepiece air-purifying respirators was developed. The air-purifying cartridges of the respirator are attached to a reference respirator. A selected flow equivalent to the inhalation flow of the wearer is drawn through the cartridge pair. A feedback system consisting of a pressure controller and a control valve is used to set the pressure drop in the mask on the subject's face equal to the pressure drop in the reference mask. The face seal leak flow is measured while the subject holds his or her breath for a short period of time. Aerosol fit factors and flow fit factors were determined using sampling probes in three mask locations: top, centre and bottom. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed that aerosol fit factors obtained from the three locations were significantly different from each other while the corresponding flow fit factors were not. (63703)

CIS 95-239 Coking to death?. Malmberg P., Lancet, 3 Sep. 1994, Vol.344, No.8923. p.632. 4 ref. (In English)

This brief commentary considers the possible influence of awareness bias in the debate about the health hazards of living near coke ovens. In a dispute involving residents living near a coking works in the north east of England in the 1980s, while there was no hard evidence for an environmental impact on health, replies to questionnaires showed a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms near the coke works. Epidemiological methods need to be devised to study subtle health effects that remove any uncertainty about awareness bias. (63816)

CIS 95-240 Determinants of safe behaviour in farmers when working with pesticides. Avory G., Coggon D., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.236-238. 8 ref. ### (In English)

(63943)

CIS 95-241 The real-time dust exposures of sodium borate workers: Examination of exposure variability. Woskie S.R., Shen P., Eisen E.A., Finkel M.H., Smith T.J., Smith R., Wegman D.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.207-217. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

An assessment of the short term and daily dust and boron exposures of workers in a sodium borate production facility was undertaken. Over 430 person-days of personal exposure measurements were made, resulting in more than 10,000 15-minute average dust concentration measurements. In most jobs the "within-day" variability accounted for over 50% of the total variability in exposure levels. The implications of these findings for control strategies are discussed. Based on boron measurements, a substantial portion of total dust air sample is nonborate material such as cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust, ambient dust or hydration mass. Thus, even in an environment where sodium borate is being packaged, total dust measurements are an overestimate of the actual borate exposure level. (63701)

CIS 95-242 Flue gas monitoring system - Guiding system for safe access to flue gas purification plants. (German: Rauchgaswarnanlage - Leittechnisches System zum sicheren Befahren von Rauchgasreinigungsanlagen) Lucas A., Sicherheitsingenieur, Sep. 1991, Vol.22, No.9, p.36-38, 40-42. Illus. 4 ref. (In German)

A method for preparing the access of maintenance/repair workers to gas cleaning facilities in thermal power stations is outlined. It involves the cooling off of the sector concerned, to be followed by a thorough checking for absence of flue gas and other toxic substances. A portable toxic atmosphere detection and warning unit is illustrated, to be carried along during work. (63720)

CIS 95-243 GC-MS investigation of polycyclic aromatic compounds in the manufacture of rubber tubes. Sturaro A., Parvoli G., Doretti L., Gori G., Bartolucci G.B., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 1993, Vol.37, No.3, p.327-334. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Mineral oils and carbon black containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) are normally used in the manufacture of rubber tubes. Owing to the toxicity of these chemicals it is important to have methods for their identification and for the monitoring of their concentration in the air of the workplace. Such a method using a two-stage air sampler and GLC SIR MS to monitor eight PACs is reported here. PAC identification was confirmed by reference to commercially available pure compounds. Using the method, detection limits of 8-15ng/mL, corresponding to a level of 12-23ng/m³ in the workplace, were achieved. These are well below the NIOSH, OSHA and ACGIH prescribed TWAs. (63673)

CIS 95-244 Level and distribution of employee exposures to total and respirable wood dust in two Canadian sawmills. Teschke K., Hertzman C., Morrison B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.245-250. 26 ref. (In English)

Personal respirable and total dust measurements were made in two sawmills. Information about job title, department, season, weather conditions, location of the job relative to wood-cutting machines, and control measures was also collected at the time of sampling. Only 16 respirable wood dust samples were above the detection level; all 16 had levels lower than 20mg/m³. Total wood concentration were also low (36% of the samples were less than the detection level), with a mean of 0.51mg/m³, and ranking from <0.08 to 52mg/m³. Measurement of exposure taken close to chippers, planers and multiple saws had the highest total wood dust levels. Sawmill department and booth enclosures also were associated with measurable wood dust concentrations, while local exhaust ventilation and weather conditions were not. (63706)

CIS 95-245 Occupational health problems in processing of X-ray photographic films. Hewitt P.J., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 1993, Vol.37, No.3, p.287-295. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Health hazards from exposure to chemicals in automatic processing of photographic film is well documented by the ILO and others. In the early 1980s increasing reports of health problems including respiratory and skin effects in radiographers processing X-ray films were published. In some severe cases asthmatic type responses were also reported. It has been suggested that the increased number of such cases coincided with process changes, in particular the increased addition of glutaraldehyde as a hardening agent in the developer. However, attention must also be focused on other chemicals present and on the possibility of synergistic reactions associated with heavy workloads, poorly designed and ill-ventilated darkrooms or processing rooms, and lack of appropriate safe handling techniques. The necessity for a holistic approach to the control of such a complex micro-environment is stressed. (63671)

CIS 95-246 List of hazardous substances. Hazardous substances in the workplace. (German: Gefahrstoffliste. Gefahrstoffe am Arbeitsplatz) Pflaumbaum W., Blome H., Kleine H., Stamm R., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2052, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, Apr. 1994. 558p. Illus., ISBN 3-88383-338-X (In German)

Table of dangerous substances recognized by the European Union in Directive 93/72/EEC and incorporated in the German Ordinance on Dangerous Substances (Gefahrstoffverordnung) of 1 Nov. 1993. The principal tables give: CAS and EINECS numbers; classification and labelling for pure substances and mixtures; exposure limits; applicable analytical techniques; allowable concentrations in biological material; requirements for medical surveillance; special regulations or other references. New and modified entries are highlighted in separate tables. The risk and safety phrase numbers used in the "labelling" column of the table are explained, and new Technical Rules for the application of Gefahrstoffverordnung are listed. (63586)

CIS 95-247 Human lead exposure. Needleman H.L., CRC Press, Inc. Available from: Exel Logistics, 3 Sheldon Way, Larkfield, Aylesford, Kent ME20 6SF, United Kingdom, 1992. xi, 290p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 146.00., ISBN 0-8493-6034-X (In English)

Contents of this manual: historical background on medicinal exposure to lead, lead poisoning, monitoring of human lead exposure and lead in the environment; neurobiological factors in lead toxicity; occupational exposure (current sources and trends, exposure in lead smelters, battery plants and the construction industry, exposure among children of lead workers, prevention); health effects of human lead exposure (renal effects, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and growth, developmental and neurological disturbances); sociological and legal issues. (63722)

CIS 95-248 Environmental aspects of industrial wood preservation. A technical guide. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UNEP Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre, Tour Mirabeau, 39-43 quai André Citroën, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1994. v, 105p. Illus. 62 ref., ISBN 92-807-1403-1 (In English)

This guide provides practical guidelines for safer practices in industrial wood preservation. Contents: the need for wood preservation; wood preservatives and industrial methods of treatment; chemical toxicity and potential impacts (human health and environmental hazards, sources of exposure, risk assessment); site design and operation for environmental and health protection; environmental management; safe use of treated timber; regulatory framework. (63725)

CIS 95-249 Chemicals control in Finland. Advisory Committee on Chemicals, Chemas Oy, P.O. Box 4, 00131 Heksinki, Finland, May 1994. 19p. Price: FIM 50 + mailing costs., ISBN 952-9597-29-0 (In English)

This booklet provides a brief review of the regulations and procedures for chemicals currently in force in Finland. Topics covered include: classification and labelling; safety data sheets; submission of chemical data for registration; notification of new substances; evaluation and control of risks; procedure for the advance approval of wood preservatives, slimicides and pesticides; bans and restrictions; handling and storage of dangerous chemicals; chemicals control in marketing and border crossings. (63729)

CIS 95-250 Report of the International Workshop on the Harmonization of the Classification of the Physical Hazards of Chemicals. (French: Rapport de l'Atelier international sur l'harmonisation de la classification des produits chimiques en fonction des dangers physiques) Human Resources Development Canada, IPCS Co-ordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical Classification Systems, International Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. 52p. 10 ref. Free. (In English, French)

Report of an expert meeting held at Ottawa, Canada, 31 Aug.-2 Sep. 1994. Most of the approximately 40 participants represented the major classification systems or of governments, industry or labour organizations. Technical sessions dealt with gases under pressure, flammable gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, explosivity, reactivity or reactive substances, oxidizing substances and corrosivity. General conclusions: classification of physical hazards is complex, but there are real possibilities for harmonizing the criteria for classification and the relevant test methods; the fact that the criteria serve different purposes in different systems is not an impediment; some harmonization has already occurred; it must be clarified whether some categories of hazard represent intrinsic properties or reflect conditions of transport or supply; for many sub-categories, the criteria and methods of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods were supported as the basis for future harmonization. (63743)

CIS 95-251 Dangerous substances: Measurement, assessment, protective measures. (German: Gefahrstoffe: Messung, Beurteilung, Schutzmassnahmen) Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2052, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, Aug. 1994. 106p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-343-6 (In German)

Three different approaches to the determination and limitation of exposure to harmful substances are described. The individual case approach gathers data and applies solutions in a single enterprise or field of work. The comprehensive approach draws data from, and bases solutions, on a wide range of similar situations. The integrative approach treats assessment and control of hazards as a single goal, with occupational safety as part of a total quality assurance system. Practical examples are given. (63746)

CIS 95-252 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some industrial chemicals. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 560p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 90.00., ISBN 92-832-1260-6 (In English)

This monograph represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, France, 15-22 February 1994. IARC final classifications: ethylene oxide is carcinogenic in humans (Group 1); styrene-7,8-oxide and acrylamide are probably carcinogenic in humans (Group 2A); propylene oxide, isoprene, styrene, 4-vinylcyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide are possibly carcinogenic in humans (Group 2B); ethylene, propylene, vinyl toluene, N-methylolacrylamide, methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3). (63765)

CIS 95-253 Ashford's dictionary of industrial chemicals. Properties, production, uses. Ashford R.D., Wavelength Publications Ltd., 63 Kendal Steps, St. George's Fields, London W2 2YE, United Kingdom, 1994. viii, 1006p. Price: GBP 75.00 in the UK, GBP 80.00 in Europe, GBP 90.00 (or USD 145.00) in other regions, delivery included., ISBN 0-9522674-0-3 (In English)

This dictionary contains entries on 6,800 different products arranged in alphabetical order by chemical name. Basic information provided for each one includes chemical structure, a description, alternative names, raw materials used in its manufacture, derivatives and uses. A CAS number index is included. (63766)

CIS 95-254 Occupational exposure limits. Recommendations of the Scientific Expert Group 1991-92. European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. ix, 85p. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 11.50., ISBN 92-826-6010-9 (In English)

This document contains recommendations of the Scientific Advisory Group for a series of 26 substances on which the Group gave its advice in 1991-92. Information provided includes: substance identification; occurrence and use; health significance; recommendation (critical effects, key studies, uncertainty factors and proposed occupational exposure limit); key bibliography. (63797)

CIS 95-255 Biological indicators for the assessment of human exposure to industrial chemicals. Antimony; soluble barium compounds; hexane and methyl ethyl ketone; thallium and tin. Alessio L., Berlin A., Roi R., van der Venne M.T., European Commission, eds., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. xiii, 103p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 16.50., ISBN 92-826-5331-5 (In English)

The available data on the human health effects, metabolism and biological indicators of these substances are reviewed. Conclusions reached: no indicator of effect is available for biological monitoring of antimony; occupational exposure to barium compounds may be monitored by determination of barium in plasma or urine; for hexane exposure, hexane concentrations in blood, alveolar air and urine are correlated with current exposure, while time-weighted average exposure is best measured by urinary excretion of metabolites; determination of urinary excretion is recommended for methyl ethyl ketone and thallium; determination of tin in blood and urine is recommended for tin compounds. (63798)

CIS 95-256 The operation of the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 - Annual Report 1993-94. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1994. vii, 54p. 8 ref. (In English)

This report concerns activities under the Australian National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) set up under the 1989 Act (see CIS 91-1760). Contents: new chemicals notifications and assessments (210 notifications received, 147 assessments completed); assessment of existing chemicals; evaluation of the priority existing chemicals programme; information provision and consultative arrangements; international activities; compliance activities; future directions. In annex: list of chemical reports and evaluation permits; discussion paper on the review of fees. (63821)

CIS 95-257 Aerosol measurement - Principles, techniques and applications. Willeke K., Baron P.A., eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA, 1993. xviii, 876p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Available from: International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd., Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, United Kingdom. Price: GBP 82.50., ISBN 0-442-00486-9 (In English)

Part I of this manual presents the fundamentals of aerosol measurement (sampling and transport of aerosols, general measurement methods, factors affecting aerosol measurement quality, methods of size distribution data analysis). Part II provides details of instrumental techniques and Part III describes applications (industrial hygiene, measurement of asbestos and other fibres, mine aerosol measurement, ambient air sampling, fugitive dust emissions, indoor aerosols and aerosol exposure, clean-room measurements, radioactive aerosols). (63829)

CIS 95-258 Health risks from hazardous substances at work: Assessment, evaluation and control. Roach S., Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom, 1992. lii, 513p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 83.00, USD 130.00., ISBN 0-08-040837-0 (In English)

This manual is arranged in four parts: I. Biological effects of exposure to hazardous substances: how hazardous substances enter the body, diseases from hazardous substances; understanding the thresholds; toxico-kinetic data. II. Occupational exposure limits: published exposure limits; use of human experience and animal experiments in setting exposure limits; length of exposure. III. Assessment of health risks: assessment procedures; measurement of atmospheric exposure; measuring exposure at work; health risk surveillance; managing the issues. IV. Getting control over health risks: physical environment control; ventilation; personnel control. (63842)

CIS 95-259 Handbook of health hazard control in the chemical process industry. Lipton S., Lynch J., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1994. xi, 1003p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 78.00., ISBN 0-471-55464-2 (In English)

Contents of this manual: occupational health hazards; sources of exposure; exposure evaluation (sampling and analysis); emission regulations; emissions measurement and estimation; hazard control (control options and selection, control system maintenance and evaluation, health hazard control planning); valves; control valves; flanges and connections; rotating equipment; sampling techniques and associated exposure problems; drains, sewers and wastewater emissions control; liquid storage and transfer; dust control; major process hazards; exposure assessment. (63844)

CIS 95-260 Kaolin. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Standring P., Ogden T.L., Phillips A.M., Darvill M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 33p. 47 ref., ISBN 0-7176-0762-3 (In English)

This criteria document presents data on the exposure, measurement and toxicology of kaolin. Numerous cases of pneumoconiosis in kaolin workers have been reported although quantitative data are not available. In one study, clinical effects of exposure to 2.5mg.m^-3 respirable dust for a working lifetime were predicted to be negligible, while exposure to 5mg.m^-3 respirable dust for 40 years was considered to be the point at which adverse health effects would begin to be observed. There is no evidence for carcinogenicity in humans following kaolin exposure. The proposed occupational exposure standard is 2.5mg.m^-3 respirable dust (8-hour TWA). (63847)

CIS 95-261 Polycarboxylate polymers as used in detergents. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse (Bte.6), 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Nov. 1993. iii, 49p. 110 ref. (In English)

This report reviews the available data on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of polycarboxylate polymers. Very little information is available on the effects of these substances in man. In skin tests on human volunteers, no evidence of irritation or sensitization was observed. Based on animal studies, it is concluded that exposure to polycarboxylates does not pose any particular hazard to humans. (63850)

CIS 95-262 Carbon tetrachloride. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Delic J., Brown R., South D., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 65p. Illus. approx. 250 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0765-8 (In English)

In limited studies using human volunteers, CNS disturbances, nausea, vomiting and headache were noted at high levels of inhalation exposure; reversible erythema occurred on skin contact. Repeated inhalation of unknown concentrations has led to liver and kidney damage, although alcohol formed a likely contribution to the toxic effects observed. No information is available on genotoxic or reproductive effects in humans and no firm conclusions can be drawn on carcinogenic potential. Occupational exposure standard (UK): 2ppm (8h TWA); skin notation. (63864)

CIS 95-263 Management of occupational poisoning emergencies in industry: Cooperation between corporate medical services and the National Health Service. (Italian: L'urgenza tossicologica professionale nell'industria: Cooperazione fra servizi sanitari aziendali e servizio sanitario nazionale) Fondazione Carlo Erba, Via G. Puccini 3, 20121 Milano MI, Italy, 1992. 121p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In Italian)

Proceedings of a conference on the in-plant management of occupational poisoning emergencies, held in Milan, Italy, 3 June 1991. Topics covered: roles of in-plant medical services, anti-poisoning centres and the Italian National Health Service (NHS) in the treatment of poisoning emergencies; particular case studies in Italy, the United Kingdom and France; initiatives of the Commission of European Communities in the area of emergency treatment of poisonings; future trends and proposals for cooperation between in-plant health services and the NHS. (63869)

CIS 95-264 Polypropylene production and colorectal cancer. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Ave. E. Van Nieuwen huyse, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 1994. 40p. 108 ref. (In English)

Polypropylene has been produced for over 35 years. It has many uses, including food packaging. Implantation of polypropylene produced sarcomas in experimental animals, apparently due to tissue trauma. The monomer, propylene, was not carcinogenic in a two-year inhalation study with mice and rats. Two early epidemiologic studies of polypropylene production workers and polypropylene carpet manufacturing workers showed an excess of colorectal cancer, but subsequent studies on these populations did not reproduce the observation, and studies on polypropylene production workers in several countries were also negative. Thus, specific medical surveillance programmes among these workers are not warranted. (63742)

CIS 95-265 Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Vol.B6. Analytical methods II and process control engineering. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, P. O. Box 10 11 61, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 5th ed., 1994. xv, 760p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 600.00., ISBN 3-527-20136-X (In English)

Continuation of the collection abstracted under CIS 93-953. The chapters on analysis cover thermal analysis and calorimetry, surface analysis, chemical and biochemical sensors, microscopy, rheometry and laboratory information management systems. More than half of the volume is devoted to process control engineering. There are frequent references to worker safety and major hazard control. (63744)

CIS 95-266 Health and safety guidelines for the selection and safe handling of synthetic mineral fibres. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, June 1994. 24p. 5 ref., ISBN 0-477-03554-X (In English)

This guide applies to all activities involving mineral wool (rockwool, slagwool), glasswool (including superfine glassfibre) and ceramic fibres. Guidance is given on: statutory requirements; health hazards (irritation, carcinogenic effects); workplace exposure standard; duties of employers, employees and manufacturers; selection of synthetic mineral fibres; safe handling procedures and methods of work; waste disposal; determination of dust concentration levels; respiratory protection and protective clothing; hygiene; health monitoring. (63723)

CIS 95-267 Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous chemical substances and preparations. Guide to classification and labelling. (French: Classification, emballage et étiquetage des substances et préparations chimiques dangereuses. Guide de classification et d'étiquetage) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1961-155-94, p.195-222. Illus. (In French)

This guide completes data sheet ND 1946 (see CIS 94-1695) on "Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous chemical substances and preparations" by publishing Appendix VI to the Order of 20 April 1994 concerning "general criteria for the classification and labelling of dangerous chemical substances and preparations", plus tables summarizing these criteria. (63595)

CIS 95-268 Recognized methods of analysis for the determination of industrial carcinogens in workplace air. (German: Von den Berufsgenossenschaften anerkannte Analysenverfahren zur Feststellung der Konzentrationen krebserzeugender Arbeitsstoffe in der Luft in Arbeitsbereichen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Str. 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, 3rd. ed., 1993. 2 vol. v, various pagings. Illus. (In German)

Description of the methods recognized for the determination of carcinogens at the workplace, as required by regulations in force in Germany. A general chapter (steps in analyses, sampling schemes, analytical techniques, evaluation of the techniques) is followed by descriptions of specific methods. This 3rd edition includes methods for 53 substances and for each substance data are provided for: sampling, principles of the methods, properties, devices, reagents, sample preparation, analysis, calculation and evaluation of results, references. The CAS number is shown for substances introduced in 1993. (63662)

CIS 95-269 Vinyl chloride: Toxic hazards and precautions. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, Apr. 1992. 11p. 20 ref. Price: GBP 3.00., ISBN 0-11-885730-4 (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance on compliance with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 (COSHH) (see CIS 89-1092) with respect to vinyl chloride. Contents: occurrence, properties and use; waste disposal; health effects (cancer, narcotic effects, liver diseases, circulatory disorders, thickening of the skin, degenerative changes in the bones); assessment of health risks; prevention or control of exposure (plant and process control, occupational exposure limits, permits-to-work, alarm levels, respiratory protective equipment, protective clothing); maintenance of control measures; monitoring; health surveillance; information, instruction and training; welfare facilities; records. (63728)

CIS 95-270 Farm chemicals handbook '94. Meister Publishing Company, Annuals Department, 37733 Euclid Avenue, Willoughby, OH 44094, USA, 1994. 866p. (+guide 14p.). Price: USD 69.00 plus USD 5.00 shipping and handling. (In English)

This directory contains information on agricultural chemicals, supplies, equipment and services in the USA. Contents: fertilizers (materials and processes used in fertilizer manufacture, application, products and suppliers); pesticides and biochemical, microbial and biological pest control agents (uses, safe handling and emergency guidelines, suppliers); overview of Federal and State legislation; guidance on safe storage and use of farm chemicals; environmental safety; buyers' guide and company addresses. (63796)

CIS 95-271 Guidance note on passive smoking in the workplace. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, July 1994. vii, 28p. 19 ref., ISBN 0-644-35082-2 (In English)

Contents of this guidance note: passive smoking as a risk to occupational health and safety (adverse health effects, legal aspects); assessment of risk in the workplace; control of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (establishment of a smoke-free workplace, use of designated smoking areas, engineering controls, administrative controls); implementation of a workplace policy. (63802)

CIS 95-272 Guidance note for the assessment of health risks arising from the use of hazardous substances in the workplace. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1994. vii, 39p. Illus. 7 ref., ISBN 0-644-32205-5 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/D3F63CF3-31EA-4D02-BB21-4686DCD277D6/0/Asses…
   …smentHealthRisksHazardousSubstancesWorkplace.pdf

This document provides guidance on compliance with current regulations or approved codes of practice concerning work with hazardous substances. Steps in the risk assessment process are outlined: deciding who will do the assessment; dividing the work into units for assessment; identification of substances in use; determining which substances are hazardous; obtaining information about hazardous substances; workplace inspection and evaluation of exposure; risk evaluation; identification of required actions; recording the assessment; assessment review. Appendices include an assessment checklist and example assessments and records. (63804)

CIS 95-273 Guidance note for the control of workplace hazardous substances in the retail sector. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, May 1994. viii, 25p. 15 ref., ISBN 0-644-34858-5 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/78532C68-2346-4084-9AFA-7470B32DCD93/0/Contr…
   …olWorkplaceHazardousSubstancesRetailSector.pdf

This document provides guidance for retailers and retail warehouse operators on compliance with current legislation concerning hazardous substances. Contents: duties and responsibilities of employers, suppliers and purchasers; employee consultation; provision of employee training; risk assessment (identification of hazardous substances, sources of information, evaluation of exposure and health risks, types of assessment, recording of assessment reports); exposure control measures; emergency procedures. (63805)

CIS 95-274 Control of workplace hazardous substances. National model regulations. National code of practice. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1994. viii, 65p. 38 ref., ISBN 0-644-321830-0 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/F23EA1CD-33AE-478A-9363-BB0BD81EC64F/0/Workp…
   …laceHazardousSubstancesmodel_regs_NOHSC1005_1994.pdf
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/3D1B1ACF-A627-48DF-8B19-8D56C91052BB/0/Workp…
   …laceHazardousSubstances_COP_NOHSC2007_1994.pdf

These Regulations establish specific requirements for the use of hazardous substances in the workplace; the accompanying Code of Practice provides guidance on compliance with the requirements of the Regulations. Contents: objective, scope and application; definitions; employer/employee consultation; classification of hazardous substances - duties of manufacturers and importers; provision of information - responsibilities of suppliers and employers; personnel training; risk assessment; control measures; monitoring; health surveillance; record keeping; employees' duties. (63806)

CIS 95-275 Control of inorganic lead at work. National standard. National code of practice. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Oct. 1994. ix, 97p. 38 ref., ISBN 0-644-35265-5 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/31042763-B7ED-4F51-B95D-191E3CA7D378/0/leads…
   …tandard_NOHSC1012_1994.pdf
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/1CE63D01-C21F-4F2B-84EB-8B7924FC224A/0/LeadC…
   …OP_NOHSC2015_1994.pdf

This national standard specifies requirements for minimizing the adverse health effects caused by lead exposure in the workplace; the accompanying code of practice provides guidance on compliance with the standard. Contents: objectives, scope and application; definitions; employer/employee consultation; provision of information - duties of employers and suppliers; personnel training; risk assessment; control measures; atmospheric monitoring; exclusion from working in a lead-risk job; health surveillance; counselling; medical examinations; record keeping; responsibilities of employees. (63807)

CIS 95-276 Approved criteria for classifying hazardous substances. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1994. xi, 76p. 7 ref., ISBN 0-644-24563-8 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/C3F31984-D009-415E-A5BA-F6CD5638A7EF/0/appro…
   …ved_criteriaNOHSC1008_2004.pdf

These criteria for determining whether a substance is hazardous to health are in 3 parts: health effects criteria which take into account both short-term and long-term effects and result in assigning the substance to a hazard category (very toxic, toxic, harmful, very corrosive, corrosive or irritant); concentration cut-off levels used to determine whether or not a substance is hazardous on the basis of its ingredients; and classification of mixtures where ingredients do not exceed the concentration cut-off levels. Guidance is given on how to apply the criteria along with examples of the classification process. Replaces NOHSC: 3011 (1991), Guidance Note for Determining and Classifying a Hazardous Substance (see CIS 91-1973). (63808)

CIS 95-277 National code of practice for the preparation of material safety data sheets. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1994. ix, 83p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-644-32181-4 (In English)

This code of practice provides practical guidance on meeting the requirements for material safety data sheets (MSDSs) under the National Model Regulations for the Control of Workplace Hazardous Substances [NOHSC: 1005 (1994)]. Details are given of the information to be included in the MSDS: general content and format of MSDSs; introductory and company details; product identification and physical properties; health hazard information; precautions for use; safe handling information; other relevant information; contact point. In appendix: information sources relevant to the preparation of MSDSs; use of generic names; MSDS checklist. (63809)

CIS 95-278 List of designated hazardous substances. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1994. viii, 165p. 8 ref., ISBN 0-644-2452-X (In English)

This list contains details of about 1300 of the more commonly used workplace hazardous substances (individual chemicals and generic compounds). Substances are listed both by CAS number and by name and details are provided of substance identification (name, CAS number and United Nations number) and hazard classification data (risk phrases, safety phrases and concentration cut-off levels). Guidance is given on using the list to classify pure substances and mixtures. (63810)

CIS 95-279 Organic isocyanates in air. Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. 8p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: GBP 2.50., ISBN 0-7176-0750-X (In English)

This revised guidance note (see CIS 88-955 for previous edition) describes a laboratory method for the determination of organic isocyanates in air. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a glass impinger containing 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine absorbing solution; organic isocyanates react to form non-volatile urea derivatives; the resultant solution is concentrated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and electrochemical detection. Scope: the method is suitable for sampling over periods of 10min to 8h for both personal and fixed location monitoring. Analytical range: 7 to 140µg NCO/m³ for a 10L sample volume; for an 8h (30L) air sample the detection limit is 2µg NCO/m³. Aromatic amines will produce interference. Guidance is also given on properties, uses and toxicity of organic isocyanates and first aid following significant exposure. (63819)

CIS 95-280 Methods for the determination of hazardous substances - Mixed hydrocarbons (C₅ to C₁₀) in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1994. 8p. 18 ref. Price: GBP 2.50., ISBN 0-7176-0867-0 (In English)

The described method is suitable for the measurement of airborne C₅ to C₁₀ hydrocarbons in the concentration range 1 to 1000mg/m³ individual hydrocarbon, for exposure times between 30min and 8h. It is also suitable for the measurement of individual components of hydrocarbon mixtures and may also be applicable to hydrocarbons lower than C₅ or greater than C₁₀. Principle: the hydrocarbon vapour migrates down the tube of the diffusive sampler and is sorbed on a porous polymer; the collected vapour is desorbed and analyzed in a gas chromatograph fitted with a capillary column and a flame ionization detector. Replaces previous edition (see CIS 91-258). (63822)

CIS 95-281 Control of exposure to triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) in powder coatings. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. 4p. 7 ref. (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance on safety during the formulation or use of TGIC. Contents: use of TGIC as a curing agent; health effects (irritation, sensitization, genetic effects in animals suggest potential reproductive or carcinogenic effects); occupational exposure limits; application and maintenance of control measures (use of alternative coatings or curing agents, hazard evaluation, equipment design, ventilation, protective clothing); exposure monitoring; information and training. (63823)

CIS 95-282 Occupational exposure limits 1995. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. vi, 58p. 27 ref. Index. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-0876-X (In English)

This Guidance Note is revised and reprinted annually; this edition replaces Guidance Note EH 40/94. It gives details of the occupational exposure standards (OESs) (8h TWA and 15min STEL, in ppm and/or mg/m³, as appropriate) which should be used for the purposes of determining the adequacy of the control of exposure by inhalation to substances hazardous to health. These limits form part of the requirements of the COSHH Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-19). Contents: legal background; setting and application of OESs; mixed exposures; exposure monitoring; list of maximum exposure limits for 42 substances; list of approved occupational exposure standards for approx. 500 substances (principal change: withdrawn Sk notation [can be absorbed through the skin] from 11 substances); proposed withdrawals of OESs (6 hydrocarbons); 73 substances in the review process. In appendices: calculation of exposure with regard to the specified reference periods; methods of measurement of fibre concentrations of MMMFs; special comments on cotton dust, asphyxiants, lead, rubber fume and dust, grain dust, asbestos, carcinogens (with lists). (63872)

CIS 95-283 Control of rubber fume at extruders, calenders and vulcanising operations. Health and Safety Commission, Rubber Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 30p. Illus. 36 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-0783-6 (In English)

This guide gives practical advice on methods of control of fume arising from the processing of rubber after mixing. Contents: health hazards of rubber fume (bladder cancer); legal requirements; general principles of fume control (elimination or substitution, optimum processing temperature, segregation, ventilation, respirators, training and worker involvement); specific requirements for extrusion, calendering and vulcanizing operations; exhaust ventilation systems; maintenance, examination and test of control measures. (63849)

CIS 95-284 GEVID. (German: GEVID - Gefahrstoffverwaltungs- und Informationsdatenbank) WEKA-Fachverlag für technische Führungskräfte GmbH, Morellstrasse 33, 86159 Augsburg, Germany. Computer diskettes (MS-DOS) + user's manual. Price: DEM 872.00 (update DEM 192.00) (rebates for multi-user purchases). (In German)

Set of microcomputer databases with information on the properties, use restrictions, environmental and transport rules and EEC directives connected with dangerous substances. Databases cover: user's instructions; accident data sheets; chemical composition information; producers; R and S phrases; amendments (12th-16th) of Directive 67/548/EEC; MAK exposure limits. (63628)

CIS 95-285 Factual database on dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoffdatenbank) WEKA-Fachverlag für technische Führungskräfte GmbH, Morellstrasse 33, 86159 Augsburg, Germany. 3 computer diskettes (MS-DOS) + user's manual. Price: DEM 392.00 (update DEM 192.00) (rebates for multi-user purchases). (In German)

Microcomputer database with information on approx. 1500 dangerous substances: chemical structure, properties, identification (CAS, UN, EC numbers), exposure limits (MAK, TRK, BAT, action levels), hazards, emergency instructions, first-aid measures. (63629)

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CIS 95-286 Fire hazards in grain drying plants. (German: Brandgefährlichkeit von Körnertrocknungsanlagen) Bastian P., Schadenprisma, Aug. 1992, Vol.21, No.3, p.42-45. Illus. (In German)

Between 1982 and 1987 there were 18 fires in 14 grain drying plants in the state of Schleswig-Holstein and the city of Hamburg, Germany. Exothermic reactions triggered by the steady flow of warm air through grain agglomerations turned out to be the cause of the fires. Modifications of the design and operation of dryers for preventing fires are described. (63712)

CIS 95-287 Sneak analysis of batch processes. Whetton C., Armstrong W., Journal of Hazardous Materials, Aug. 1994, Vol.38, No.2, p.257-275. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

A hazard identification method known as sneak analysis is presented which may be used to identify hazards arising from a design error or from the combination of a design error and a single-point failure. The analysis does not provide a complete means of hazard identification but may be used with existing methods such as HAZOP. The method, which is particularly useful for analyzing batch processes, uses path tracing analysis and state charts to represent aspects of the system and a form of checklist known as sneak clue lists. Examples of the use of the technique are provided. (63841)

CIS 95-288 A review of major incidents and their consequences. Crooks E., Loss Prevention Bulletin, Feb. 1994, No.115, p.15-24. 7 ref. (In English)

Summary data are presented on 214 major incidents which occurred worldwide between 1988 and 1992. Tables show numbers of incidents by industry, by geographical region and by activity (process, storage, distribution). Numbers of fatalities and injuries are also shown. The data indicate that refineries are the major concern, followed by chemical manufacture and pipelines. The observations provide a basis for determining the type of risk and its relative magnitude for various industry classifications. (63846)

CIS 95-289 Not an unknown problem - Fire protection and fire fighting in sanitary landfills. (German: Kein unbekanntes Problem - Brandschutz und Brandbekämpfung bei Deponien) Wilhelm V., Entsorgungs-Technik, July-Aug. 1994, Vol.6, No.5, p.16-18, 20-22. Illus. 5 ref. (In German)

Fire prevention in sanitary landfills can be improved by studying the causes of actual fires. Prevention measures include: compaction of the waste after a layer of waste 30cm thick is reached, covering each layer with inert material, comminution of bulky waste, limitation of the size of the sanitary landfill to 2000m² and prevention of air access. Recommendations for extinguishing fires in landfills address small and large open fires as well as fires smoldering inside the landfill. Protective measures for fire fighters are addressed. (63718)

CIS 95-290 Guidelines for evaluating the characteristics of vapor cloud explosions, flash fires and BLEVEs. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1994. xii, 387p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 150.00 (USA and Canada), USD 210.00 (elsewhere)., ISBN 0-8169-0474-X (In English)

This manual provides an overview of methods for estimating the characteristics of vapour cloud explosions, flash fires and boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs). Contents: descriptions and effects of these phenomena including several case histories; basic concepts of dispersion, deflagration, ignition, blast and thermal radiation; overview of experimental and theoretical research and consequence modelling techniques with sample problems. Appendices include effects of explosions on structures and on humans and a case study of gas explosions in a process plant. (63811)

CIS 95-291 "Havkong" Incident - A joint report of the "Havkong" incident at Braefoot Bay Terminal by Aberdour, Fife on 23 January 1993. Health and Safety Executive - Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB), HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk, CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 58p. Illus. 6 ref. ### (In English)

Report of a full investigation into an incident in which an LPG tanker broke loose from its moorings while loading butane. Though no serious injury or damage resulted from the incident, its circumstances merited an investigation. (63936)

CIS 95-292 A critical review of hydrate formation phenomena. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 113p. Illus. 83 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-0775-5 (In English)

This report presents a detailed review of the published data on the formation of natural gas hydrates during hydrocarbon processing and transportation. Models for the prediction of hydrate formation are described and compared and a new formulation for hydrate modelling is proposed. Results of a survey of methods used by North Sea oil and gas producers to predict and deal with hydrate problems are also presented. The report provides a basis for the design of an effective hydrate prevention strategy. (63730)

CIS 95-293 Guidelines for the prevention of hazards due to explosive atmospheres, with examples - Guidelines on explosion protection. (German: Richtlinien für die Vermeidung der Gefahren durch explosionsfähige Atmosphäre mit Beispielsammlung. Explosionsschutz-Richtlinien) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymans Verlag KG, Luxemburger Str. 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, Sep. 1994. xi, 166p. + appendice approx. 150p. (In German)

These guidelines (updated version) are designed to be the basis of evaluation of explosion hazards associated with the use of potentially dangerous substances as well as for the evaluation of the choice of protective measures to be taken. Definitions of technical terms and instructions for the implementation of these guidelines are followed by criteria for the evaluation of risks. Protective measures are surveyed: prevention of the formation and ignition of explosive concentrations, limiting the effects of explosions. Appendices: review (in tabular format) of actual explosions, and of the corresponding protective measures relating to the use of flammable gases and liquids, production and use of paints, rubber and plastics, formation of explosive dusts during work with solids, medical facilities and various installations. (63661)

CIS 95-294 Conditions for the authorisation of explosives in Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 61p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 14.75., ISBN 0-7176-0717-8 (In English)

This document outlines the information required by the Health and Safety Executive for authorization of explosives in accordance with the Explosives Act. General safety requirements are set out along with specific requirements and test methods for high explosives (including blasting explosives), cords, propellants, detonators and pyrotechnic articles (including fireworks). Appendices cover thermal stability testing of propellants and other explosives and an abrasion resistance test for detonating cords. (63800)

CIS 95-295 Approved code of practice for managing hazards to prevent major industrial accidents. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1994. 60p. 20 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03549-3 (In English)

This code of practice is made pursuant to section 20 of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (HSE Act) and establishes a format for the control of hazards at installations having the potential for a major industrial accident. Contents: summary of the HSE Act; scope and objectives of this code; implementation of a hazard management system; hazard identification and assessment; project hazard identification; control of modifications; monitoring safety, health and environmental systems; permit to work procedure; managing contractors; systems audit; training; accident investigation and notification; emergency planning. (63848)

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CIS 95-296 Annual Report 1993/1994. Electrical Equipment Certification Service (EECS), HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 28p. Illus. 5 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-297 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2: particular requirements for kitchen machines. (French: Sécurité des appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Partie 2: Règles particulières pour les machines de cuisine) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 3rd ed., 1994. 49p. Illus. (In English, French)

This standard deals with the safety of electric kitchen machines for household and similar use. Examples include food mixers, mincers and food processors. The general requirements of IEC 335-1 (see CIS 91-1322) are incorporated by reference, with specific modifications for these appliances. Additional specifications cover marking and instructions, heating, moisture resistance, abnormal operation, stability and mechanical hazards, construction and connection to electric supplies. (63583)

CIS 95-298 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2: Particular requirements for sewing machines. (French: Sécurité des appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Partie 2: Règles particulières pour les machines à coudre) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 3rd ed., 1994. 21p. Illus. (In English, French)

This standard deals with the safety of electric sewing machines for household and similar use, their rated voltage being not more than 250V for single-phase appliances and 480V for other appliances. Sewing machines intended to be used by non-professionals in shops and in light industry are within the scope of this standard. (63585)

CIS 95-299 Electrical installations on construction sites. (Spanish: Instalaciones eléctricas en obras de construcción) del Hierro Gil H., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 8p. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

Contents of this information note on electrical installations on construction sites: electrical connections; electrical equipment and insulation; design of electrical circuits; electric lighting equipment; protection against electrical overload. (63786)

CIS 95-300 Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply - safety requirements. (French: Marquage des matériels électriques avec des caractéristiques assignées relatives à l'alimentation électrique - Prescriptions de sécurité) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1994. 21p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English, French)

This standard establishes minimum requirements and general rules on marking electrical equipment with ratings and other characteristics to enable the proper and safe selection and installation of electrical equipment related to any supply of electricity. Examples of letter notations and graphic symbols are included. (63588)

CIS 95-301 Luminaires for use in clinical areas of hospitals and health care buildings. (French: Luminaires pour les unités de soins des hôpitaux et les maisons de santé) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1st ed., 1994. 27p. Illus. (In English, French)

This standard details specific requirements for use with tungsten filament, fluorescent and other discharge lamps on supply voltages not exceeding 1,000V for use in clinical areas in which medical treatment, examination and medical care take place in hospitals and health care buildings. (63584)

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CIS 95-302 Sensorineural objective tests in the assessment of hand-arm vibration syndrome. McGeoch K.L., Gilmour W.H., Taylor W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.51, No.1, p.57-61. 21 ref. (In English)

Assessment (staging) of workers exposed to vibration, based solely on a subjective history, has been shown to be unsatisfactory. The internationally agreed use of a sensorineural component in the Stockholm classification requires the use of sensory objective tests. 422 subjects were assessed by a subjective history supplemented by multiple objective tests. These tests covered the vascular, sensorineural, musculoskeletal and dexterity aspects of hand-arm vibration syndrome. Data showed that multiple sensory tests increased the accuracy of staging. Analyses of the sensory tests clearly indicated that they need to be done on all digits. In this survey the sensorineural damage was greatest in the forefinger (second) and the little (fifth) fingers. No association was found between smoking and the final staging, aesthesiometry, temperature neutral zone thresholds, or grip strength. (63577)

CIS 95-303 Hearing protectors. Performance, selection, use. (French: Les protecteurs individuels contre le bruit (PICB). Performances, choix, utilisation) Damongeot A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1959-155-94, p.169-179. Illus. 33 ref. (In French)

This paper presents the different types of hearing protectors, their fields of application, their acoustical performance characteristics, and other factors such as comfort. It also describes the regulations and standards governing these devices, and explains the meaning of the different noise attenuation indices, the role of standards and regulations, the guarantees provided by label and conformity marks, etc., and describes the potential of existing protector types and how to choose a suitable and comfortable hearing protector. It concludes by discussing problems that have not been resolved and their proposed solutions. (63593)

CIS 95-304 Noise-induced hearing loss and the 4kHz dip. Irwin J., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.222-223. 14 ref. (In English)

Difficulties in the assessment of noise-induced hearing loss are briefly discussed. Traditionally, occupational noise has been described as causing a hearing loss which is worse at 4kHz - the 4kHz dip. More complete audiometry has indicated that this dip can occur at other frequencies and is dependent on noise characteristics, duration of exposure and individual variation. High-frequency dips in the audiogramme may also be caused by other factors; a hearing loss of 40dB or greater at 500kHz is likely to be due to a cause other than noise. (63759)

CIS 95-305 Contribution of the tonic vibration reflex to muscle stress and muscle fatigue. Park H.S., Martin B.J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1993, Vol.19, No.1, P.35-42. Illus. 42 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-306 Two solutions to the problem of noise exposure for motorcyclists. McCombe A.W., Binnington J., Nash D., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.239-242. Illus. 12 ref. ### (In English)

Comparative study of the use of earplugs and of modified safety helmets to reduce the noise exposure of motorcyclists (professionals - policemen, dispatch drivers etc.). Both solutions proved to be equally successful in reducing exposure. (63944)

CIS 95-307 Cooling responses of finger in contact with an aluminum surface. Chen F., Nilsson H., Holmér I., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.218-222. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

Skin temperature (T) changes and subjective sensations of bare fingers touching a cold aluminum surface were determined in 25 subjects (12 female and 13 male). Exposure lasted until T reached 0°C or was voluntarily ended by the subject. Regression equations with two exponential components were used to describe the relationship between T and exposure time. Sex and surface temperature had no significant effect on cooling time. Thermal and pain sensation lacked a good correlation with temperatures and temperature changes. (63702)

CIS 95-308 Optical radiation in a forge. Measurements and protective devices. (French: Rayonnements optiques dans une forge. Mesures et moyens de protection) Barlier A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.155, Note No.1960-155-94, p.181-193. Illus. 8 ref. (In French)

This study was carried out to determine the level of potentially eye-damaging optical radiations (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) in a forge. Spectral irradiance from 200 to 3,000nm and spectral radiance from 400 to 700nm were measured at different workstations (hot rolling, press forging, electrosteel furnaces, walking beam furnaces, forging furnaces, rolling furnaces). The efficiency of the preventive measures practiced at the relevant workplaces was also evaluated. Long-term exposure to infrared radiation seem to constitute a serious eyesight risk to operators at all workplaces, with none of the means of protection found to be efficient. Filter transmission characteristics were therefore defined to provide effective protection at the different workplaces studied. (63594)

CIS 95-309 Epidemiological surveillance of a group of workers exposed to very high energy electromagnetic fields in the French company Electricité de France. (French: Surveillance épidémiologique d'un groupe professionnel d'Electricité de France: les travailleurs sous très haute tension) Chevalier A., de la Fayolle O., de la Forcade S., Lambrozo J., Coing F., Souques M., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.183-188. Illus. 14 ref. (In French)

The certified sickness absence of 351 lines fitters working on live transmission lines running at 63kV or more was studied for the years 1989 and 1990 and compared with that of two groups: office workers not exposed to electromagnetic fields and a sample of EDF-GDF workers with comparable level of responsibility and age. The line fitters were numerous to leave their work for medical reasons but their absenteeism measured by the number of spells and the duration of absence per year was lower or equal to those of the two other groups. They seemed to have more accidents at work and fewer mental disorders. This study is the first stage of an epidemiological surveillance of occupational diseases of workers exposed to specific health hazards. It will be supplemented by a longitudinal study. (63619)

CIS 95-310 Health effects of occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (French: Effets sur la santé de l'exposition professionnelle aux rayonnements ultraviolets) Dyèvre P., Méreau P., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.57, p.3-10. Illus. 24 ref. (In French)

The most serious side-effects of UV exposure in occupational medicine are skin cancers. However, it is difficult to establish a definite link between exposure and pathologies due to their delayed occurrence and other possible factors or exposures, including those during leisure time. Preventive measures may be put into place relatively simply and efficiently if a thorough assessment of exposure is available. Biologically, there is an action range associated with a given effect and the severity of injuries is correlated to exposure duration and total dose. In view of the IARC evaluations and of fragmented literature data, further exhaustive epidemiological studies in the workplace, both descriptive and aetiological, should be undertaken. (63635)

CIS 95-311 Medical surveillance of workers exposed to ionizing radiations. Gelas M., Giraud M., Righi E., Tobajas L., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.193-204. 26 ref. (In English)

This article discusses the role of medical surveillance in the control of cancer among workers potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. It is suggested that the effectiveness of such surveillance is significantly reduced due to over-regulation at the national and international (EEC, ICRP) level and a rigid application of the ALARA (as low as readily achievable) principle. Fundamental diagnostic protocols, and the issues raised by specific surveillance of deterministic and stochastic damage are discussed. An ideal diagnostic procedure is proposed. (63695)

CIS 95-312 Computer-aided methods for evaluating cancer risk in miners due to radiation exposure. Domański T., Kluszczyński D., Chruścielewski W., Olszewski J., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.4, p.369-381. 13 ref. (In English)

Methods for the assessment of miners' exposure to naturally occurring radon and radon daughters in mine air are reviewed along with the impact of methodology on assessment of radiation hazard. Principles of computer-aided methods for the interpretation of dosimetry data to determine the expected risk of cancer are presented and results for workers in coal mines, metal ore mines and chemical raw material mines in Poland are given. (63836)

CIS 95-313 Skin nerve stimulation caused by low frequency electric field. Korniewicz H.R., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.4, p.417-424. 15 ref. (In English)

Radiated power from certain radio transmitters (1000kW) used in ship-to-shore communications generates strong electric fields which can cause unpleasant skin nerve stimulation in persons who touch nearby metallic objects. Such stimulation is caused by an electric current crossing the area of the skin in contact with the object. Results of a study on threshold current perception are presented. An important parameter in the characterization of nerve excitation for the range 1 to 100kHz is the charge flowing across the skin, membrane or other organs during one duty cycle. A table shows the magnitude of this charge and the effects for a range of current values. (63837)

CIS 95-314 Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of high-voltage laboratory cable splicers exposed to electromagnetic fields. Skyberg K., Hansteen I.L., Vistnes A.I., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1993, Vol.19, No.1, p.29-34. 23 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-315 Shoulder tendinitis and its relation to heavy manual work and exposure to vibration. Stenlund B., Hagberg M., Hogstedt C., Goldie I., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1993, Vol.19, No.1, p. 43-49. 17 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-316 What has been suspected for a long time - Health hazards in uranium mining. (German: Verdacht gab es schon lange - Gesundheitsgefahren im Uranbergbau) Bolm-Audorff U., Sicher ist Sicher, Nov. 1992, Vol.43, No.11, p.624-628. Illus. (In German)

After German reunification it became known that 5237 miners of the uranium mine of Aue (Saxony, former German Democratic Republic) had died of lung cancer since World War II. Between 1971 and 1990, 4384 lung cancer cases were compensated. A cumulative exposure dose is derived from studies in uranium mines in the USA and, in particular, in former Czechoslovakia. It is recommended to compensate all future lung cancer cases occurring among the roughly 50,000 employees of the East German uranium mine. (63713)

CIS 95-317 Radiation exposure of flight staff and cancer risk - A review. (German: Strahlenexposition des Flugpersonals und Krebsrisiko - eine Übersicht) Mehnert W.H., Gensicke F., Arndt D., Bundesgesundheitsblatt, July 1994, Vol.37, No.7, p.287-291. 24 ref. (In German)

The results of measurements of the radiation exposure of personnel on airplanes published in the literature yield a level of about 5mSv/year. This value is based on an annual exposure time of 500 hours and flight altitudes between 10,000 and 12,000m. Assuming an exposure to this level of 20 years and using the risk coefficient for radiation cancer derived by the International Commission of Radiological Protection, a cancer risk of 4 additional cases per 1000 pilots is obtained. For air passengers, the additional cancer risk is negligible. The number of epidemiological studies is not large enough to permit any conclusions. The method of determining the chromosome aberrations is not considered to be a suitable method to determine the cancer risk of the personnel on airplanes. Summary in English. (63717)

CIS 95-318 Effect of long-term exposure to static magnetic fields on humans. (German: Wirkung langjähriger Exposition in statischen Magnetfeldern auf den Menschen) Heyne R., Heinz H., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Sep. 1994, Vol.29, No.9, p.364-367. Illus. 11 ref. (In German)

A group of 39 male workers who had been exposed to static magnetic fields of 3 to 10mT for 12.53 years (± 10.02 years) and a matching control group from the same chemical plant but with no exposure were subjected to extensive medical examinations. The exposed group was working with the electrolysis of rock salt. Health histories were collected for subjects in both groups. The statistical evaluation of the collected medical data provided no evidence of any adverse health effects. (63734)

CIS 95-319 Hearing loss in the ceramic tile industry - A historical cohort study. (Italian: Perdita uditiva dei lavoratori del comparto ceramica - Profilo di danno valutato mediante studio longitudinale) Duca P.G., Ferri F., Merluzzi F., Paltrinieri M., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1994, Vol.85, No.2, p.161-169. 6 ref. (In Italian)

Over the period 1980-1990, 2,024 workers in ceramic plants in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, were evaluated for exposure to noise and hearing loss. Data collected by local public occupational health services were used. A deficit at 6kHz observed during early examinations was associated statistically with an impairment at 4kHz seen in subsequent tests. (63692)

CIS 95-320 Bremsstrahlung from radionuclides. Practical guidance for radiation protection. McLintock I.S., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., PO Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1994. vii, 58p. Illus. 28 ref., ISBN 0-948237-23-6 (In English)

This guide describes the theory of the production of bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) by β-emitting radionuclides and provides practical examples of the calculation and measurement of dose rates for comparison with statutory and recommended dose limits. It is concluded that for the activities of β emitters used in laboratories, bremsstrahlung does not present a problem of whole-body exposure. However, there appear to be situations where the possible doses to fingers require to be considered in assessments of radiation risk. (63726)

CIS 95-321 Maintaining radiation protection records. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Nov. 1992. x, 86p. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 20.00., ISBN 0-929600-27-4 (In English)

This report provides guidance on the design of a programme for the maintenance of operational radiation safety records. Contents: guidance for systematic generation and retention of records relating to radiation protection; radiation protection programme records; individual records; workplace records; environmental records; radiation protection instrumentation. (63813)

CIS 95-322 Body protection equipment - List of suppliers. (French: Protection individuelle du corps - Répertoire des fournisseurs) Institut national de Recherche et de Sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1994. 49p. Illus., ISBN 2-85599-137-4 (In French)

List of manufacturers of personal body protective equipment sold in France. Included are: survey of relevant legislation and standards in France; protective equipment against falls from height (antifall systems, systems using an absorber of kinetic energy with a tether, safety harnesses); heat and flame protective clothing; protective clothing against cold and bad weather; protective clothing against chemical hazards; protective clothing against mechanical hazards; protective clothing against various risks. Suppliers by region in France. For each type of equipment, standards and regulations applicable in France are listed. (63609)

CIS 95-323 Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for safety - 3. Collateral standard: General requirements for radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment. (French: Appareils électromédicaux - Première partie: Règles générales de sécurité - 3. Norme collatérale: Règles générales pour la radioprotection dans les équipements à rayonnement X de diagnostic) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1994. 99p. Illus. Index. (In English, French)

This standard specifies protective measures to be taken in the design and construction of medical diagnostic X-ray equipment and its subassemblies. It complements IEC 601-1 (see CIS 89-1658). Aspects covered: terminology and definitions; statement of compliance; identification, marking and documents; protection against hazards from unwanted or excessive radiation. (63587)

CIS 95-324 Acoustics - Measurement of high-frequency noise emitted by computer and business equipment. (French: Acoustique - Mesurage du bruit à haute fréquence émis par les matériels informatiques et de bureau) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, corrected edition, 1 Feb. 1989. 11p. Illus. (In English, French)

This corrected version of ISO 9295 replaces the 1988 edition (see CIS 89-1363). It specifies four methods for the determination of the sound power levels of high-frequency noise emitted by computer and business equipment in the frequency range covered by the octave band centred at 16 kHz. The methods are complementary to those described in ISO 7779 (see CIS 88-2055). (63590)

CIS 95-325 Guidance notes for the protection of workers from solar ultraviolet radiation. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, June 1994. 14p. Illus. 2 ref., ISBN 0-477-03558-2 (In English)

Contents of this guide: health hazards of exposure to sunlight (sunburn, eye damage, skin cancer); duties of employers and workers; exposure assessments; minimizing exposure (work organization, use of shade, personal protection, appropriate clothing, hats, sunscreens and sunglasses); training and education; early detection of skin cancers; photosensitizing substances. (63724)

CIS 95-326 Notes on exposure limits for non-ionising radiations. Hughes D., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1994. vii, 73p. Illus. 92 ref. Index., ISBN 0-948237-24-4 (In English)

Contents of this handbook: basic physics of non-ionizing radiation; biological effects of ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) radiations (effects on the eye and the skin) and of microwave, radiofrequency (RF), low-frequency (LF) and static fields; limits for UV, visible and IR radiations and for RF, LF static fields. Appendices cover pacemakers, lasers, UV lamps and spectra, and optical quantities and units. (63833)

CIS 95-327 Advising the public about radiation emergencies: A document for public comment. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3095, USA, 1994. 29p. Illus. 58 ref. Price: USD 15.00. ###, ISBN 0-929600-38-X (In English)

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CIS 95-328 Feasibility study of inspection of farm machinery safety features. Purschwitz M.A., Stueland D.T., Lee B.C., Journal of Agromedicine, 1994, Vol.1, No.2, p.29-38. 7 ref. (In English)

In a pilot study of farm machinery inspection, the status of tractor rollover protective structures (ROPS) and power take-off (PTO) shields on 36 farms in Central Wisconsin (USA) was investigated. The majority of tractors inspected lacked ROPS but did have PTO shields; the absence of these safety devices appeared to be related to the age of the machine. Education of farmers, and possibly other incentives, are needed to encourage repair or replacement and retrofitting of safety devices. (63761)

CIS 95-329 Injury hazards in the construction industry. Kisner S.M., Fosbroke D.E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.36, No.2, p.137-143. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

Analysis of traumatic occupational injuries in the American construction industry using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The lost workday case rate in construction was 10.1 per 100 full-time workers, which was nearly 2.5 times the occupational injury rate for all industries combined. The construction industry had an overall fatality rate of 25.6 per 100,000 full-time workers. This rate was more than 3.5 times the occupational fatality rate for all industries for the same period. (63732)

CIS 95-330 Physical workload of glass-workers. Value of physiological measurements. (French: Charge physique de travail de verriers. Intérêt de la métrologie physiologique) Aptel M., Didry G., Duwelz M., Pale S., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.57, p.11-15. Illus. 7 ref. (In French)

A high incidence of back pain was observed among the glass-workers by the industrial physician of an artistic glass factory. It was also reported by the employees themselves, who rated their job as very difficult. Plant management requested the Physiology and Ergonomics Laboratory of INRS to undertake a study in order to suggest changes in work organization and workplaces. The results of this study illustrate how measurements of physiological parameters that complement ergonomic data may result in their modification. The results also confirmed the findings of the physician and the complaints of the workers. (63636)

CIS 95-331 Proceedings of the 8th BIA Conference on "Machine and appliance safety". (German: Beiträge zum 8. BIA-Fachgespräch "Maschinen- und Gerätesicherheit") Kreutzkampf F., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, ed., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1994. 217p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-345-2 (In German)

Papers presented at the 8th conference on machine and appliance safety in Sankt Augustin, Germany, on 1-2 Dec.1992 were grouped into 6 main categories: 1 - Introduction. 2 - Standardization at the European level (application of the Machinery Directive to standardization projects for machines in the printing and paper industry); particular problems of the applications of Standard EN 60 204-1:1992; temperature of the tangible surfaces of machines (proposed standard prEN 563). 3. Machine protection (incl. resistance tests for lathe safety doors). 4 - Safety of machine controls (temporary interruption of safety elements during certain work functions, inspection of computer-assisted safety equipment, design of machine controls not subject to electromagnetic perturbations). 5 - Up-to-date sensors in safety technology. 6 - Effects of electromagnetic fields on pacemakers. Summaries in German, English, French, Spanish. (63578)

CIS 95-332 European regulations and machine safety. (Dutch: Europese Reglementeringen en Veiligheid bij machines; French: Réglementations européennes et sécurité aux machines) Commissariat général à la Promotion du Travail, Ministère de l'Emploi et du Travail, rue Belliard 51, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, Sep. 1993. 38p. Free. (In Dutch, French)

Following a review of the EC directives concerning the free circulation of machines and equipment as well as of the safety and health requirements thereof, this booklet explains how they will have to be integrated into national legislation and what impact they may have on the duties of safety officers, industrial physicians and members of safety and health committees. The same analysis is done for the directive concerning work equipment to be used by workers (89/655/CEE see CIS 90-357). (63667)

CIS 95-333 Traffic accidents of tank trucks carrying dangerous substances from 1989 to 1991. (German: Strassenverkehrsunfälle von Gefahrguttankfahrzeugen 1989 bis 1991) Pöppel M., Kühnen M., Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, Mar. 1993. 61p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 3-89429-295-4 (In German)

In the period between 1989 and 1991, a total of 131 accidents involving tank trucks were recorded in West Germany. In the majority of accidents (68%) human failure was identified as the cause. Speeding and not keeping enough distance caused 34% and vehicle defects 13% of the accidents. The costs of the tank truck accidents amounted to 0.05% of the total socio-economic costs resulting from road accidents. The individual accident costs were calculated to range from DEM 352,100 to 468,100. In comparison to an earlier compilation of statistics for the years 1982 to 1984, the number of accidents was lower by almost 50% in the period 1989 to 1991. (63716)

CIS 95-334 Safety rules relating to lifting equipment: I - Cranes; II - Lifting devices; III - Lifting mechanisms. (Hungarian: Emelőgép biztonsági szabályzat: I - Daruk; II - Emelőberendezkedések; III - Emelőszerkezetek) Országos Munkavédelmi Tudományos Kutató Intézet, Ötvös János utca 1-3, 1021 Budapest, Hungary, 1994. 3 vols (51+61+35p.). Illus. ###, ISBN 963-7142-29-0 (In Hungarian)

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CIS 95-335 Safety in the installation and use of gas systems and appliances. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. viii, 35p. Illus. Price: GBP 5.75., ISBN 0-7176-0797-6 (In English)

This code of practice presents the text of the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994 along with guidance on their requirements. Contents: general interpretation and application; general provisions for gas fittings; meter installations and regulators; installation pipework; gas appliances; miscellaneous (maintenance, escape of gas, exemption certificates). (63828)

CIS 95-336 Chainsaws. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1994. 11p. Illus. 6 ref. Free. (In English)

This leaflet gives practical advice on the safe use of portable, hand held, internal combustion-engined chainsaws. Contents: legal aspects; training in safe use; maintenance; pre-use checks; fuelling and lubrication; protective clothing; pre-job planning; starting the chainsaw; kickback hazards; safe use of the chainsaw; hearing protection; first aid. (63642)

CIS 95-337 Safe working on glasshouse roofs. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. 2p. (In English)

This guidance note describes the hazards associated with working on glasshouse roofs and outlines precautions needed before accessing and working on such roofs, the type of supervision and information required and selection of staff. Advice is also given on appropriate clothing and responsibilities towards contractors. (63817)

CIS 95-338 Forestry machinery - Portable chain saws - Determination of handle strength. (French: Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Détermination de la solidité des poignées) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 2nd edition, 1991. ii, 2p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English, French)

This standard specifies a test method and strength requirements for the handles of portable hand-held internal combustion engine chain-saws for use primarily in forestry. (63582)

CIS 95-339 Managers' guide to safe coal cleaning and control of pedestrians at opencast coal sites. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1994. 2p. 8 ref. (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance on safety during the cleaning of coal by workers using hand shovels during coaling operations. Contents: risk assessment and deciding whether coal cleaners are required; identification of hazards (falls of ground or coal, falls of workers, working within the swing radius of the excavator bucket); minimizing the risks (effective supervision, communication systems, control of coal lorries); legal aspects. (63824)

CIS 95-340 Guide to the approval of railway works, plant and equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HM Railway Inspectorate, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 37p. Price: GBP 7.95., ISBN 0-7176-0741-0 (In English)

This guide explains how to apply for approval of new works, plant or equipment as required by the Railways and Other Transport Systems (Approval of Works, Plant and Equipment) Regulations 1994 (text included in this document). It provides guidance on how to seek approval, the types of works, plant and equipment which need approval, use prior to approval, testing and trials, who should apply, when approval should be sought, documents to be submitted, inspection of works, plant and equipment, approval following inspection and start of works on site. Appendices include: works, plant and equipment not requiring approval; certificates; other relevant legislation. (63839)

CIS 95-341 Safeguarding board-edge processing machinery. Health and Safety Executive, Woodworking National Interest Group, HSE, 14 Cardiff Road, Luton LU1 1PP, United Kingdom, July 1994. 2p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

This guidance note describes the hazards associated with the use of board-edge processing machinery and provides advice on mechanical safeguards, control of noise and dust, maintenance and safe system of work. (63818)

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CIS 95-342 Inhibition of mould growth by the application of propionic acid and sodium propionate. (French: Contrôle des moisissures par l'action de l'acide propionique et du propionate de sodium) Smoragiewicz W., Bouchard G., Cossette B., Boutard A., Travail et santé, Dec.1994, Vol.10, No.4, p.S25-S27. Illus. 11 ref. (In French)

The efficiency of propionic acid and sodium propionate was tested on various species of pathogenic moulds originating in dust samples taken in buildings where cases of "office building syndrome" had been reported. A 3% solution of propionic acid was sufficient to prevent mould growth (from spores) for 60% of the species and to inhibit mould growth for 70% of the species (spores and mycelium). In the case of propionate, at the same concentration, 60% of the species were inhibited but only if the pH of the solution was adjusted to 3; 7% of solutions are 100% efficient. The effects of propionic acid were tested on Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Stachybotrys atra and Trichoderma viride. The action of sodium propionate with adjusted pH was tested only on Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride. These moulds were shown to offer the most resistance to the action of the two fungicides. (63867)

CIS 95-343 Risk of exposure to blood among nursing personnel: Monitoring and evolution 1990-1992. (French: Risque d'exposition au sang parmi le personnel infirmier - Surveillance et évolution 1990-1992) Abiteboul D., Antona D., Descamps J.M., Bouvet E., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.56, p.363-373. Illus. 14 ref. (In French)

This multicentre study (12 French health care centres), follow-up to a previous study (CIS 92-2055), covers the period from 1 Sep. 1991 to 1 Sep. 1992 to assess the changes in the incidence and the characteristics of blood exposure accidents (BEA). Participating teams were very active in developing preventive strategies suiting their needs. It is then incumbent upon employers to provide workers with the means to protect themselves with improved materials while taking into account other factors such as workload and organization. The resulting cost should be compared with that of serum monitoring, prophylaxis with AZT and with the social costs resulting from occupational HIV seroconversion or chronic hepatitis C. Appendices: list of participating centres in the 1990-92 study; questionnaire on the occurrence of BEA; main items of a survey conducted at the same time on BEA in operating theatres. (63633)

CIS 95-344 Increased risk for hepatitis A among female day nursery workers in Belgium. Jacques P., Moens G., Van Damme P., Goubau P., Vranckx R., Steeno J., Muylle L., Desmyter J., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.259-261. 17 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-345 Germ emissions by waste treatment. (German: Keimemissionen bei der Müllverarbeitung) Göttlich E., Bardtke D., Entsorgungs-Technik, Dec. 1991, Vol.3, No.6, p.32-35. Illus. 22 ref. (In German)

The results of bacteria and mould counts in the air of waste composting plants are summarized. Bacteria of the groups salmonella, pseudomonas and staphylococcus and moulds of the types aspergillus, penicillium and thermophilic actinomycetes were found in pathogenic concentrations. For thermophilic actinomycetes a concentration of 3.8 x 10⁷ colonies/m³ was found at some workplaces. This high amount is known to have caused allergic alveolitis in agricultural workers. Bacterial counts reached 10⁶ colonies/m³. This number is far above the threshold limit concentration of 10³ colonies/m³. (63711)

CIS 95-346 Health self-assessment in the enterprise - A contribution to the fight against cholera and other illnesses spread by contamination. (Spanish: Autoevaluación sanitaria de la empresa - Un aporte frente al cólera y otras enfermedades debidas a la contaminación) Crovari Tordecillas G., Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1991. v, 20p. (In Spanish)

A sample questionnaire used to evaluate the risk of cholera and other related diseases in enterprises is presented. The main points included in this questionnaire, each point involving several aspects, are: site of the enterprise (rural, urban); plant analysis; drinking water; sanitary services; food facilities; waste products; waste water. (63783)

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CIS 95-347 Special study on manual and mechanical handling - Physical strain and manual handling. (French: Spécial manutentions manuelles et mécaniques - Astreinte physique et manutention manuelle) Abadia G., Haas F., Le Guay M., Leprince A., Maillard M.C., Marcos L., Meyer J.P., eds., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1994, No.58, 214p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French)

Contents of this technico-medical study on manual and mechanical handling and the associated physical strain: the occupational physician, a safety and health professional sensitive to the realities of the workplace; prevention of low-backache: some examples from workplaces; disorders of the upper limb; assessment tools (analysis methods of manual handling tasks; analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms (the Scandinavian Questionnaire); periarticular disorders of the upper limbs and work organization; epidemiological survey protocol and questionnaire; legal memorandum (legislation and regulations applicable in France); appendices. (63674)

CIS 95-348 Reducing the biomechanical stress of lifting by training. Barker K.L., Atha J., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.373-378. 34 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-349 Low back pain in steelplant workers. Suadicani P., Hansen K., Fenger A.M., Gyntelberg F., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.217-221. 19 ref. (In English)

A study of 469 steel-plant workers in Denmark revealed that 51% had experienced low back pain during the preceding year. There were strong associations between recent low back pain and both domestic recreational activities and work pace. There was a strong association between a severe low back pain history and lifetime occupational exposure to heavy and frequent lifting at work. It is concluded that domestic activities may be a potential confounding factor in studies on occupational risk factors for low back pain and that there is a case for prevention regarding occupational lifting of heavy loads. (63758)

CIS 95-350 Development of trapezius myalgia among female workers performing light manual work. Veiersted K.B., Westgaard R.H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug.1993, Vol.19, No.4, p.277-283. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

This prospective study was conducted to detect a possible development of trapezius myalgia likely to be work-related in initially healthy female packers. Symptoms were recorded on a five-step intensity scale in a daily diary and in an interview at ten-week intervals. All of the subjects were interviewed concerning assumed risk factors during work and leisure time, and a clinical examination was performed. Within their first year of employment, 17 of 30 subjects developed work-related trapezius myalgia of sufficient intensity to be classified as patients. The median time before a clinically confirmed patient status was 23 (range 6-51) weeks. The symptoms showed a fluctuating pattern, decreasing on the weekends and during some holidays. In conclusion, likely work-related trapezius myalgia of a nonchronic character showed a high one-year cumulative incidence at a plant with repetitive light work. (63679)

CIS 95-351 Working postures and activities of lorry drivers: A reliability study of on-site observation and recording on a pocket computer. van der Beek A.J., van Gaalen L.C., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1992, Vol.23, No.5, p.331-336. 26 ref. (In English)

The TRAC (Task Recording and Analysis on Computer) technique was used to observe loading and unloading activities of lorry drivers. Inter-observer reliabilities were first determined using selected variables for observation (components of posture, activity and load handled). These variables were then modified until a pre-set standard for inter-observer reliability was reached. Based on these results, an improved application of TRAC is proposed involving the use of two observers: one to record working postures and one to record activities. This technique is considered to be an important contribution to the accurate analysis of workplaces. (63647)

CIS 95-352 Special issue on hand tools for the 1990s. Eklund J., Freivalds A., eds., Applied Ergonomics, June 1993, Vol.24, No.3, p.146-230. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This special issue contains papers presented at a symposium on hand tools and hand-held machines held in Linköping, Sweden, 21 August 1990. Papers include: hand tools for the 1990s; screwdrivers and their use from a Swedish construction industry perspective; reaction torques and operator stress while using powered nutrunners; pneumatic tool torque reaction and discomfort in the hand-arm system; torque reaction in angled nutrunners; sensitivity of the hand to surface pressure; friction between hand and handle; an approach to ergonomics evaluation of hand tools; a cube model for the classification of work with hand tools and the formulation of functional requirements; plate-shears design, user characteristics and performance. (63650)

CIS 95-353 Hazards associated with three signal words and four colours on warning signs. Chapanis A., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.265-275. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

An assessment was made of perceptions of hazard levels associated with three signal words, CAUTION, WARNING and DANGER, combined with four background colours, white, yellow, orange and red. In general, DANGER was perceived as indicating the highest level of hazard, WARNING an intermediate level and CAUTION the lowest level. White, yellow, orange and red were perceived as being associated with successively greater levels of hazard. Greatest consistency was found for DANGER with a red background. (63653)

CIS 95-354 Changing the hours of shiftwork: A comparison of 8- and 12-hour shift rosters in a group of computer operators. Williamson A.M., Gower C.G.I., Clarke B.C., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.287-298. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

In a study of 75 computer operators, the effect of changing from a predominantly 8 hour per shift irregular roster to a 12 hour per shift regular roster was investigated. Data were collected by questionnaires, diaries and examination of error records on the computer system. The results showed that changing to the 12 hour shift produced improvements in health, particularly in psychological health, improved sleep quality and quantity and reduced feelings of tiredness. The change had no significant ill-effects on personnel-related factors such as absenteeism and staff turnover or on productivity. (63655)

CIS 95-355 A comparison of working postures of parcel sorters using three different working methods. Derksen J.C.M., Van Riel M.P.J.M., Van Wingerden J.P., Snijders C.J., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.299-309. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

The postures of eight parcel sorters were measured while using three different working methods: two different sorting tables and a hydraulic lifting platform. The methods were compared with respect to the posture of the trunk and consequent load on the lumbar spine. While using the lifting platform, the subjects stood 8-11% more erect compared to working at the sorting tables, thereby reducing the load on the lumbar spine. Use of the lifting platform is therefore the preferred method of working, although it is stressed that the way in which the sorters use the platform is important. (63656)

CIS 95-356 A quantitative evaluation of gloves used with non-powered hand tools in routine maintenance tasks. Mital A., Kuo T., Faard H.F., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.333-343. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

The influence of a variety of commercially available gloves on the force/torque exertion capability of workers using wrenches and screwdrivers was determined. Peak torque and muscle activity were recorded for workers using seven different hand tools and nine varieties of gloves while exerting peak volitional torques on a simulated workpiece. Results indicated that muscle activity did not differ significantly between the glove and no-glove situations and the peak torque exertion capability of individuals generally increased with gloves. The magnitude of torque exerted on the workpiece was different for different gloves. (63658)

CIS 95-357 Working on a moving surface - A biomechanical analysis of musculoskeletal load due to ship motions in combination with work. Törner M., Almström C., Karlsson R., Kadefors R., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.345-362. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

The working postures of a fisherman on board a Swedish trawler at sea were registered during five different working conditions. Ship motions were also registered. While standing erect, ship motions were mainly counteracted by motions in the lower extremity and lumbar back, thus inducing increased strain in these parts of the body. Holding a load considerably increased the load on most joints, while lifting the load further increased the musculo-skeletal strain. The methodology may help in the design of similar vessels and in the evaluation of motion-damping devices and handling methods. (63659)

CIS 95-358 Flywheel truing - A case study of an ergonomic intervention. Moore J.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.236-244. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Using a structured participatory approach, an automotive manufacturing facility identified and analyzed a specific problem related to ergonomics, the manual truing of flywheels by striking them with hammers. They also identified and implemented a solution (mechanization). The problem identification, problem analysis, intervention development and intervention implementation processes were characterized by employee participation, supervisor participation and strong engineering support. Intervention produced a 29% decrease in the incidence of total musculoskeletal disorder, a 78% decrease in the incidence of upper extremity disorders, an 82% decrease in restricted or lost days, and a shift in the spectrum and type of morbidity. These changes in morbidity corresponded to the effects of the intervention. Subjective worker assessments of the process and effects of the intervention also were favourable. (63705)

CIS 95-359 Physical work load and its assessment among the nursing staff in nursing homes. Engels J.A., Van der Gulden J.W.J., Senden T.F., Hertog C.A.W.M., Kolk J.J., Binkhorst R.A., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.3, p.338-345. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

Thirty-six female subjects selected from three nursing homes in the Netherlands participated in an observational study. In addition, the total nursing staff was invited to take part in a questionnaire survey. Activities alternated rapidly and seldom lasted longer than 4 minutes on average. Twenty percent of the observed time was spent in "poor" work postures as defined by the Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System. Activities contributing most to these poor work postures were patient care and household and preliminary tasks. Perceived exertion was highest during patient-related activities. Questionnaire results showed prevalences of 41%, 35% and 20% respectively, for back, arm/neck and leg complaints. Thus, patient-related activities should not be the only ones taken into consideration for the improvement of work postures and other potential strenuous aspects of nursing work. (63738)

CIS 95-360 Development of observational methods for estimation of exposure to workplace postural stress. Schierhout G.H., Bridger R.S., Myers J.E., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.44, No.5, p.262-266. Illus. 17 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-361 Back pain in nurses: Epidemiology and risk assessment. Pheasant S., Stubbs D., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1992, Vol.23, No.4, p.226-232. 32 ref. (In English)

A review of epidemiological data concerning back pain among nurses is presented. Nurses are shown to have a higher prevalence of back pain than the general population and more days sickness absence due to back pain. The impact of back pain in terms of labour turnover and the association between back pain and patient handling are discussed and a risk assessment of common patient-handling procedures is presented. While lifting training is necessary, it should be seen as an adjunct and not an alternative to safe systems of work. (63643)

CIS 95-362 When is light work heavy? Components of the physical workload of sewing machine operators working at piecework rates. Vezina N., Tierney D., Messing K., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1992, Vol.23, No.4, p.268-276. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

An ergonomic technique for assessing the physical workload of sewing machine operators is described. The work activity of ten workers in a trouser factory was observed and timed and forces were measured with a dynamometer. Components of the workload (force exerted, repetitions, time allocation and postures) could be related to types of reported musculoskeletal complaints and to existing epidemiological data. This type of examination may be applied by health and safety personnel in the design of tasks to minimize the probability of musculoskeletal problems. (63644)

CIS 95-363 An evaluation of a weightlifting belt and back injury prevention training class for airline baggage handlers. Reddell C.R., Congleton J.J., Huchingson R.D., Montgomery J.F., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1992, Vol.23, No.5, p.319-329. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

A study was carried out on 642 baggage handlers wearing a weightlifting belt and/or receiving a 1 h back injury prevention training class; a control group received neither belt nor training. The main finding was that groups with participants who discontinued the use of the belt had a higher lost workday case injury incident rate than did the group receiving training only or the control group. The weightlifting belt is not therefore recommended as a lifting aid during the daily work activities of baggage handlers; use of the belts may in fact increase the risk of injury when not wearing the belt following a period of use. (63646)

CIS 95-364 A review of physical exercises recommended for VDT operators. Lee K., Swanson N., Sauter S., Wickstrom R., Waikar A., Mangum M., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1992, Vol.23, No.6, p.387-408. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

An evaluation of 127 exercises recommended for the prevention of musculoskeletal discomfort among VDT operators is presented. In general, the prepared instructions were satisfactory and the exercises could be readily performed at the workstation. However, many were conspicuous and potentially embarrassing to perform or would significantly disrupt the work routine. A number posed potential safety hazards, exacerbated biomechanical stresses common to VDT work or were contraindicated for persons with certain health problems. Findings suggest a need for greater attention to both the practical and therapeutic aspects of such exercises. (63648)

CIS 95-365 RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. McAtamney L., Corlett E.N., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1993, Vol.24, no.2, p.91-99. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

The development of the RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) survey method is described. The method requires no special equipment and may be used to provide a quick assessment of the postures of the neck, trunk and upper limbs along with muscle function and the external loads experienced by the body. A coding system is used to generate an action list which indicates the level of intervention required to reduce the risks of injury due to physical loading on the operator. The technique is of particular assistance in fulfilling the assessment requirements of the EC Directive 90/270/EEC and UK guidelines. (63649)

CIS 95-366 End-tidal PCO₂ as an index of psychophysiological activity during VDT data-entry work and relaxation. Schleifer L.M., Ley R., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37. No.2, p.245-254. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

Eleven data-entry operators were monitored during a self-relaxation baseline period, a progressive muscle relaxation period and a period of computer-based data-entry work. End-tidal PCO₂ (peak concentration of carbon dioxide in a single breath of exhaled air) was significantly higher during progressive muscle relaxation than during baseline relaxation and significantly lower during data-entry work than during either type of relaxation. End-tidal PCO₂ was the only physiological indicator to discriminate among all three test conditions. Findings indicate that end-tidal PCO₂ may be useful in indexing the stress-health effects of human-computer interactions. (63652)

CIS 95-367 Intermittent microclimate cooling during rest increases work capacity and reduces heat stress. Constable S.H., Bishop P.A., Nunneley S.A., Chen T., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.277-285. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Eight subjects performed treadmill walking alternating with rest periods under three conditions: control, light clothing only; chemical protective ensemble (CPE); and CPE plus a personal cooling vest to allow for intermittent cooling by circulation of chilled liquid. Under the control condition, relatively modest changes in rectal temperature were observed. CPE wear resulted in a progressive rise in temperature and early fatigue. The addition of intermittent cooling during each rest cycle significantly attenuated heat storage and work capacity was at least doubled. Intermittent personal cooling provides a useful means of enhancing work productivity during heavy work in hot environments. (63654)

CIS 95-368 Relationship between energy expenditure and productivity of sugar cane cutters and stackers. Lambert M.I., Cheevers E.J., Coopoo Y., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.190-194. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Two groups of cutters and stackers from a sugar estate in South Africa wore heart rate monitors for a working day during which time all food and fluids ingested were recorded and the tonnage of cane cut or stacked was calculated. Energy expenditure was calculated from treadmill exercise tests. There was no difference in mean productivity of the cutters and stackers; both groups expended similar amounts of energy during the working day and ingested similar amounts of energy. The best predictor of productivity was the length of the working day followed by the energy expended. (63753)

CIS 95-369 Prognostic value of psychotechnical tests applied to the establishment of occupational aptitude for driving. (French: Intérêt pronostique des tests psychotechniques et applications pratiques pour le médecin du travail dans la délivrance des avis d'aptitude à la conduite des véhicules automobiles) Catilina P., Arnaudo V., Catilina M.J., Fontana L., Chamoux A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.3, p.175-181. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

The results with age of a set of psychotechnical tests were studied and practical applications were sought concerning occupational aptitude. 407 individuals were tested. There was a statistically significant deterioration with age in all performance tests except for the foot reaction time to light. Using the results of the analysis, it is possible to establish the age and the frequency at which a given individual should be retested. (63618)

CIS 95-370 Systematic safety consideration in product design. Reunanen M., Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O. Box 42, 02151 Espoo, Finland, 1993. 133p. Illus. 94 ref., ISBN 951-38-4383-1 (In English)

This thesis describes an approach to integrate safety analyses into the design process. The basic idea of the approach is that safety analyses are applied in each phase of the design process so that the design is considered during its various levels of maturity. Special attention was also paid to the user instructions needed for safe product operation. The approach was tested in four case studies (hydraulic breaker, roof bolter, motor operator, intelligent gripper) and provided valuable information for accident prevention. (63795)

CIS 95-371 Clearance for leg movement when pushing trolleys - Determination of safe distances. (German: Freiraum für Beinbewegungen an handgeschobenen Wagen - Ermittlung sicherheitsgerechter ergonomischer Masse) König D.H., Kirchner J.H., Fischer D., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 140 p. Illus. 14 ref., ISBN 3-89429-361-6 (In German)

The clearance necessary for the free movement of the legs when pushing a hand truck was determined by experiments on 89 volunteers of both sexes and of various body size. The volunteers performed various tasks under different conditions with a hand-propelled trolley. The distances needed for unimpaired leg movement were recorded by on-line motography. From the results, which were adapted to fit all sizes of the general population, the following clearances were derived for hand trucks: leg space 380mm up to a height of 210mm and knee space 200mm up to a height of 600mm. (63865)

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CIS 95-372 Predicting mental health problems in general practitioners. Chambers R., Belcher J., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.44, No.4, p.212-216. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

In a questionnaire survey of 704 general practitioners in the United Kingdom, excessive anxiety was reported by 31.1%, troublesome depression by 13.4%, exhaustion or stress by 60.7% and sleep difficulties by 47.6%. Those aged 40-49 were most likely to report anxiety, exhaustion or stress, sexual and sleep difficulties. Retired doctors reported mental health problems markedly less often. Predictive factors for anxiety were depression, one or more nights on call per week, and exhaustion or stress. Predictive factors for exhaustion or stress were anxiety, depression, no hobbies, excessive paperwork and sleep difficulties. (63757)

CIS 95-373 Human error identification in human reliability assessment. Part 1: Overview of approaches. Part 2: Detailed comparison of techniques. Kirwan B., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1992, Vol.23, No.5, p.299-318. 30 ref.; Dec. 1992, Vol.23, No.6, p.371-381. 25 ref. (In English)

The first of these two papers discusses probabilistic risk assessment and human reliability assessment and reviews 12 techniques for the identification of human errors in human-machine systems. An initial assessment is made of the techniques which range from simple error classifications to sophisticated software packages based on models of human performance. The second paper compares the way these techniques perform against a range of criteria. While there are techniques available for human error identification, there is significant scope for improvement; areas for further research and development are suggested. (63645)

CIS 95-374 Stressful jobs and non-stressful jobs: A cluster analysis of office jobs. Carayon P., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.311-323. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey of 262 office workers was carried out to provide data on job stressors and indicators of psychological strain. Appendix: list of questionnaire items included in the factor analysis. Using cluster analysis on nine stressors, office jobs were classified into three clusters which were related to job-title information. The cluster highest on a range of psychological strain indicators included jobs with high demands and future ambiguity and low skill utilization, task clarity, job control and social support. The study showed that office jobs could be characterized by a small number of combinations of stressors that were related to job-title information and psychological strain. Appendix: list of questionnaire items included in the factor analysis. (63657)

CIS 95-375 The effect of motivation on shoulder-muscle tension in attention-demanding tasks. Wærsted M., Bjørklund R.A., Ergonomics, Feb. 1994, Vol.37, No.2, p.363-376. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

In four separate experiments using a visual display unit based complex reaction-time task, motivation was induced by means of continuous feedback on the level of performance or by means of a money reward for good performance. In all experiments, motivation improved the performance, but an increase in the psychogenic shoulder-muscle tension was only observed in the money-reward condition. Results are discussed in terms of whether this difference in the muscle-tension response is due to changes in the subjects' attitude unrelated to performance or due to a superior performance in the money-reward condition. (63660)

CIS 95-376 Industries and occupations at high risk for work-related homicide. Castillo D.N., Jenkins E.L., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.36, No.2, p.125-132. 25 ref. (In English)

In the USA homicide is the leading cause of injury death in the workplace. The death certificate-based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system and estimates of annual employment were used to calculate average annual rates of work-related homicide for detailed industries and occupations for the USA, 1980-1989. Workers in the taxicab industry had the highest rate of work related homicide (26.9 per 100,000 workers). High rates were also identified for workers providing public and private security; and in a number of retail trade and service industries. For many high-risk industries, the risk was excessive for male workers only. (63731)

CIS 95-377 On the investigation of the neurophysiological correlates of knowledge worker mental fatigue using the EEG signal. Okogbaa O.G., Shell R.L., Filipusic D., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1994, Vol.25, No.6, p.355-365. Illus. 57 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 95-378 Hard labour. Stress, ill-health and hazardous employment practices. London Hazards Centre, Headland House, 308 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8DS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1994. ii, 112p. Index. 84 ref. Price: GBP 6.95., ISBN 0-948974-12-5 (In English)

This book describes the causes and health effects of stress at work and suggests practical remedies for workplace improvements. Contents: introductory chapter on changes in the nature of work, flexibility and intensity of labour, job insecurity; stress and health (symptoms and effects of work-related stress, mental health, psychosocial effects, stress factors, excessive working hours, night and shift work, violence as a source of stress); tackling stress at work (stress management, stress prevention policies, avoiding excessive work time, tackling violence at work, legal aspects). (63651)

CIS 95-379 Guidelines for preventing human error in process safety. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1994. xxi, 390p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 140.00 (USA and Canada), USD 195.00 (elsewhere)., ISBN 0-8169-0461-8 (In English)

This manual shows how the science of human factors can be applied at the plant level to improve human performance and reduce human error. Contents: the role of human error in chemical process safety; understanding human performance and error; factors affecting human performance in the chemical industry; analytical methods for predicting and reducing human error; qualitative and quantitative prediction of human error in risk assessment; data collection and incident analysis methods; case studies to illustrate the application of various error analysis and reduction techniques; implementing an integrated error and process safety management system at the plant. (63812)

CIS 95-380 Mental workload in health care workers: An assessment checklist. (Spanish: Carga mental en el trabajo hospitalario: guía para su valoración) Nogareda Cuixart C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 6p. 12 ref. (In Spanish)

Contents of this information note on assessment of mental workload in health care workers; concept and evaluation of mental workload; mental workload factors in hospital work (factors related to the job, the work organization and the hours of work); checklist for the assessment of mental workload; application of the method. Various tables illustrate the explanation. (63790)

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