CIS 94-1801 Labour Law of the People's Republic of China [China]. (Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo laodong fa) Ministry of Labour, Beijing, China, 1994. 49p. (In Chinese, English)

This basic act relating to labour was adopted by the Chinese National People's Congress on 5 July 1994, and it will come into force on 1 Jan. 1995. Chapter VI is concerned with occupational safety and health: responsibility of the employing unit to establish and perfect an OSH system, implement relevant state standards, educate workers in OSH matters, prevent accidents and reduce occupational hazards; standards for OSH facilities; responsibility of the employing unit to provide adequate OSH conditions and regular medical examinations for workers at risk; specialized training for workers engaged in specialized operations; obligation of workers to respect OSH rules; right of workers to refuse dangerous work and to take action against dangerous operations; establishment by the State of a system for the keeping of OSH statistics and for the collection of records relating to accidents. Chapter VII is concerned with the protection of female and young workers, including special OSH provisions (women and young persons are not allowed to work in underground mines or work with "Grade IV" physical intensity, etc.). Chapter XI deals with supervision and inspection (including the duties of inspectors), while Chapter XII defines legal responsibilities, including for OSH matters. (63400)

CIS 94-1802 Working Environment Act and Working Environment Ordinance, with commentary [Sweden]. (Swedish: Arbetsmiljölagen, med kommentarer) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 16th ed., 1994. 143p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-443-7 (In Swedish)

This publication contains the Act (SFS 1977:1160, modifications SFS 1994:579) and the Ordinance (SFS 1977:1166, modifications SFS 1994:673) concerning the working environment, with extensive commentary. The Act came into force in July 1978 (previous abstract, see CIS 93-1054). It applies to all kinds of work in Sweden, except for work on board ships and work in the employer's home. For the latest English translation of the Act, see CIS 92-1403. Contents of the Act: duties of employers and employees regarding the working environment; young workers; co-operation between employers and workers; enforcement; penalties. Changes in the 16th ed. involve, among others, the role of the safety delegate, the application of the Product Safety Act in the workplace and more conformity with pan-European practice. Contents of the Ordinance: notifications; archives; workplaces common to several enterprises; information of workers; safety activities; enforcement; empowerments; penalties. Relevant sections of the Planning and Building Act (SFS 1987:10) and the Criminal Code (SFS 1991:679) are also included. (63486)

CIS 94-1803 Decree-Law 46 923 on the updating of conditions to be respected during the installation and operation of industrial establishments - Revocation of certain legislative texts...; Decree 46 924 concerning the installation and operation of industrial establishments [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Actualização das condições a que devem obedecer a instalação e a laboração dos estabelecimentos industriais - Revogação de...diplomas legislativos...; Regulamento de instalação e laboração dos estabelecimentos industriais) Diário da República, 28 Mar. 1966, Series I, p.421-427. (In Portuguese)

Decree-Law 46 923 consolidates much safety legislation by introducing the principle that the installation and operation of plants in certain industries should be subject to licensing on the basis of safety and health criteria being satisfied. It introduces a classification scheme for industrial establishments: class 1 (judged to present technical and operational hazards due to their size or nature - both installation and operation subject to permits); class 2 (smaller or less important enterprises - installation does not need a permit); class 3 (very small enterprises - no permits necessary). Much related legislation is revoked. Decree 46 924 defines the requirements and procedures necessary for the licensing of industrial enterprises, including the information to be provided on the characteristics of new installations. (63392)

CIS 94-1804 Order replacing the Annex of Decree No.46 924, concerning the installation and operation of industrial establishments [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Portaria n°24 223: Substitui a tabela anexa ao Decreto n°46 924, que promulga o Regulamento de Instalação e Laboração dos Estabelecimentos Industriais) Diário da República, 4 Aug. 1969, Series I, p.955-977. (In Portuguese)

This Order replaces the Annex of Decree No.46 924 (see CIS 94-1803), by providing a new list of industrial occupations, classifying each into class 1 or 2, and providing for each the name of the government body responsible for licensing. (63393)

CIS 94-1805 Resolution creating the National Council for Occupational Health and Safety (CNHST) [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Resolução n°204/82: Cria o Conselho Nacional de Higiene e Segurança do Trabalho (CNHST)) Diário da República, 16 Nov. 1982, Series I, No.265, p.3823-3824. (In Portuguese)

A tripartite national council (CNHST) is established for Portugal. The main tasks of CNHST are defined as: contribution to the formulation and implementation of a national policy for OSH; contribution to the creation of nationwide plans for the carrying out of programmes implementing these policies; evaluation and reformulation of OSH actions. The CNHST will be composed of representatives of relevant government, workers' and employers' organizations. (63394)

CIS 94-1806 Council Regulation (EC) No.2062/94 of 18 July 1994 establishing a European Agency for Safety and Health at Work [European Communities]. (French: Règlement (CE) n°2062/94 du Conseil, du 18 juillet 1994, instituant une Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 20 Aug. 1994, Vol.37, No.L.216, p.1-7. (In English, French)

This directive defines the objective and role of the Agency to be established in Bilbao (Spain), whose responsibiliy will be mainly to provide the Community Bodies and the Member States with technical, scientific and economic information in the field of safety and health at work. The Agency shall set up an information network of national focal points. The legal status, the constitution of the administrative board and the budget and work programme of the Agency are described. (63513)

CIS 94-1807 Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 concerning certain aspects of the organization of working time [European Communities]. (French: Directive 93/104/CE du Conseil, du 23 novembre 1993, concernant certains aspects de l'aménagement du temps de travail [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 13 Dec. 1993, Vol.36, No.L.307, p.18-24. (In English, French)

This directive lays down minimum safety and health requirements for the organization of working time. It sets minimum periods of daily rest, weekly rest and annual leave, provides for breaks and a maximum weekly working time and covers certain aspects of night work, shift work and patterns of work in all sectors of activity. (63516)

CIS 94-1808 Marine Safety Act 1994 [Australia - Queensland]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 6p. (pages numbered 68,841 - 68,846). (In English)

This Act received assent on 27 Apr. 1994 and commenced on 3 June 1994. It repealed the Queensland Marine Act 1958. OSH-related aspects (the only parts microfiched by CIS) include: objectives of the Act; mechanisms for ensuring safety at sea; safety obligations of ship designers and builders, marine surveyors, ship owners and masters, and of persons involved with ship operations; marine incidents (definition, duties of masters, reporting, investigation); reporting of dangers to navigation; obligation of master to give help; shipping inspectors (functions, rights of entry). (63489)

CIS 94-1809 Decree No.46 427 approving the Regulations concerning temporary installations for workers employed in public works projects [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto n°46 427 aprovando o Regulamento das instalações provisórias destinadas ao pessoal empregado nas obras) Diário da República, 10 July 1965, Series I, No.152, p.976-981. (In Portuguese)

The Decree approves the Regulations, which cover: drinking water; sanitary facilities; garbage collection and removal; dormitories and living quarters for the personnel; canteens; generalities and penalties. (63391)

CIS 94-1810 Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work [European Communities]. (French: Directive 94/33/CE du Conseil, du 22 juin 1994, relative à la protection des jeunes au travail [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 20 Aug. 1994, Vol.37, No.L.216, p.12-20. (In English, French)

Internet:
http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=…
   …EN&numdoc=31994L0033&model=guichett

This directive specifies that the Member States shall take the necessary measures to prohibit work by children, that they shall ensure that work by adolescents is strictly regulated and that young people are protected against economic exploitation and against any work likely to harm their safety, their health or their physical, mental, moral or social development or to jeopardize their education. The general obligations on employers are described as well as the type of work prohibited. Special provisions apply to working time, night work, rest periods, annual rest and work by adolescents in the event of force majeure (unexpected emergencies). A non-exhaustive list of agents, processes and work likely to entail specific risks for young people is given in annex. (63514)

CIS 94-1811 Regulations concerning mining safety [Chile]. (Spanish: Reglamento de seguridad minera) Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565, Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1994. 179p. (In Spanish)

This compendium of mining legislation contains 11 texts: Decree 72 (1985) - Regulation on mining safety (see also CIS 88-1420); Resolution 210 (1988) establishing categories for the breaching of the Regulation on mining safety; Resolution 575 (1993) authorizing training courses for experts in risk prevention in the mining industry; Decree 745 (1992) - Regulation on minimum requirements for hygienic and environmental conditions in workplaces (see also CIS 87-364); Decree 86 (1970) on the construction and operation of tailings settling tanks; Decree 185 (1991) on the operation of equipment emitting sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and arsenic; Decree 77 (1982) on the control of weapons and explosives; Decree 73 (1992) on the use of explosives in mining enterprises; Decree 379 (1985) on basic safety requirements for the storage and handling of liquid fuels based on petroleum; Decree 226 (1982) on safety requirements of installations and locales where fuel is stored; Resolution 1851 (1993) on the qualifications of safety experts in the mining industry. (63399)

CIS 94-1812 Decree-Law of 28 June (221/88) limiting the sale and use of certain dangerous substances - PCBs and PCTs [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n°221/88: Limita a comercialização e a utilização de algumas substâncias perigosas... - Os bifenilospoliclorados e os terfenilospoliclorados) Diário da República, 28 June 1988, Series I, No.147, p.2626-2628. (In Portuguese)

This Decree-Law limits the sale and utilization of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and terphenyls (PCTs), as well as those of preparations (including used oils) with PCB or PCT contents >0.005% (by weight). In principle, these substances are entirely prohibited, except in equipment already installed until they can be converted (or replaced) in such a way that the use of PCBs or PCTs is no longer necessary. Special provision is made for labelling, inventorying and elimination of waste in cases where these substances continue to be used. (63395)

CIS 94-1813 European Dir. 94/27/EC of 30 June 1994 amending for the 12th time Dir. 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of...dangerous substances and preparations [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 94/27/CE du 30.6.94, portant 12e mod. de la dir. 76/769/CEE sur le rapprochement des dispositions législatives, ... et administratives des Etats membres ...à la limitation de la mise sur le marché et de l'emploi de ... substances et préparations dangereuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 22 July 1994, Vol.37, No.L.188, p.1-2. (In English, French)

This directive proposes measures to limit the use of nickel in certain objects coming into direct and prolonged contact with the skin, which may cause sensitization of humans to nickel and may lead to allergic reactions. The annex of the text modifies annex I to directive 76/769/EEC (CIS 92-22). (63515)

CIS 94-1814 Council Directive of 6 April 1976 on the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls [European Communities]. (French: Directive du Conseil, du 6 avril 1976, concernant l'élimination des polychlorobiphényles et polychloroterphényles [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 26 Apr. 1976, Vol.19, No.L.108, p.41-42. (In English, French)

This directive specifies that Member States shall take the necessary measures to prohibit the uncontrolled discharge, dumping and tipping of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and terphenyls (PCTs) and of objects and equipment containing such substances, measures to make compulsory the disposal of waste PCBs, PCTs and PCB/PCT-containing objects and equipment no longer capable of being used, and measures to ensure that PCBs and PCTs are disposed without harming or endangering human health or the environment. (63517)

CIS 94-1815 Council Directive of 28 June 1984 on the combating of air pollution from industrial plants [European Communities]. (French: Directive du Conseil, du 28 juin 1984, relative à la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique en provenance des installations industrielles [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 16 July 1984, Vol.27, No.L.188, p.20-25. (In English, French)

The purpose of this directive is to provide for measures and procedures designed to prevent or reduce air pollution from industrial plants, particularly those belonging to the categories defined in annex I or due to the most important polluting substances as defined in annex II. Provisions cover: authorization for the operation of the plant, emission limit values, specially protected areas, exchange of information among states, monitoring of compliance with obligations, adaptation of the plants or installations to technological progress. (63518)

CIS 94-1816 Council Directive of 20 March 1978 on toxic and dangerous waste [European Communities]. (French: Directive du Conseil, du 20 mars 1978, relative aux déchets toxiques et dangereux [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 31 Mar. 1978, Vol.21, No.L.84, p.43-48. (In English, French)

This directive specifies the measures that Member States shall take in order to ensure that toxic and dangerous waste is disposed of without endangering human health and without harming the environment. A list of certain toxic or dangerous substances and materials selected as requiring priority consideration is given in annex. (63519)

CIS 94-1817 Council Regulation (EEC) No.428/89 of 20 February 1989 concerning the export of certain chemical products [European Communities]. (French: Règlement (CEE) n°428/89 du Conseil, du 20 février 1989, concernant les exportations de certains produits chimiques [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 22 Feb. 1989, Vol.32, No.L.50, p.1-2. (In English, French)

Exports of products listed in the directive shall be subject to the issue by the competent authority of the Member States of a prior export authorization. The products are: thiodiglycol, phosphorus oxychloride, dimethyl methyl phosphonate, methyl phosphonic difluoride, methyl phosphonic dichloride, dimethyl phosphite, phosphorus trichloride and trimethyl phosphite. (63520)

CIS 94-1818 Decree-Law No.292/89: Modifies certain provisions of the General Regulation on Noise (approved by Decree-Law No.251/87 of 24 June) [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n°292/89: Altera algumas disposições do Regulamento Geral sobre o Ruído, aprovado pelo Decreto-Lei n°251/87, de 24 de Junho) Diário da República, 2 Sep. 1989, Series I, No.202, p.3770-3772. (In Portuguese)

This Decree-Law introduces modifications (dated 2 Sept. 1989) into the General Regulation on Noise (see CIS 90-1090). Among its provisions: licensing of noisy performances (indoors or open-air); limitation of the noisiness of motorized vehicles; matters relating to inspection and the certification of sound meters. In annex: maximum noise emission levels for automobiles and motorcycles. (63396)

CIS 94-1819 Order No.1969/89: Approves the Regulation concerning the testing of sound meters [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Portaria n°1069/89: Aprova o Regulamento do Controlo Metrológico dos Sonómetros) Diário da República, 13 Dec. 1989, Series I, No.285, p.5394-5395. (In Portuguese)

This regulation (effective June 1990) specifies the conditions for the initial and periodic testing of sound meters used for the determination of noise levels for legal purposes. (63397)

CIS 94-1820 Health (Radiation Safety) (Interim) Regulations 1994 [Australia - Victoria]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 28p. (pages numbered 62,781 - 62,844). Illus. (In English)

These Regulations concerning protection of persons and the environment from ionizing radiation were issued under the Health Act 1958 (CIS 92-1054). They replace the Health (Radiation Safety) Regulations 1984 (CIS 92-1077), its various amendments and some related regulations. They cover: definitions; radioactive substances; notification provisions; licences; registrations; classification of radioactive sources; radiation safety testing; exemptions; general safety precautions; control of patient dose; personal monitoring; medical examinations; transport of radioactive substances; disposal of radioactive waste; enforcement. In the schedules: maximum amounts of radioactive substances exempt from the Regulations; radiation and tissue weighting factors; radiation warning symbol; maximum concentrations of radioactive elements in air and water above natural background; radiation protection limits (occupational and public). (63490)

CIS 94-1821 VSG Collection - Technical specifications applicable to the Ministerial Decree of 21 Nov. 1972 concerning stability testing of steam generators [Italy]. (Italian: Raccolta VSG - Specificazioni tecniche applicative del Decreto Ministeriale 21 nov. 1972 per la verifica della stabilità dei generatori di vapore d'acqua) Servizio Documentazione e Informazione, Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro (ISPESL), via Urbana 167, 00184 Roma, Italy, 1991. xxxviii, 69p. Illus. (In Italian)

This compendium consists of 2 sections. Section 1 contains the legal texts establishing the role of various organizations (and, in particular, of ISPESL) in the safety testing of steam generators. It also contains the texts of the Law (No. 1132) of 16 June 1927 concerning the stability testing of steam generators and of the Ministerial Decree of 21 Nov. 1972 concerning the construction of steam generators. Section 2 contains a collection of very detailed technical specifications for steam generators and their safety testing, with separate treatment of generators made of steel and cast-iron. (63259)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 94-1822 Diethylbenzene. (Spanish: Dietilbenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0445. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidneys. (63521)

CIS 94-1823 Dimethyl sulfoxide. (Spanish: Dimetil sulfóxido) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0459. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; visual function disorders. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; hepatic damage. (63522)

CIS 94-1824 Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers). (Spanish: Dinitrotolueno (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0465. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver; possible human carcinogen; antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1.5mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: Class III A2 (1990). (63523)

CIS 94-1825 Nicotine tartrate. (Spanish: Dihidroditartrato de nicotina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0521. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; respiratory insufficiency. (63524)

CIS 94-1826 Dimethylnitrosoamine. (Spanish: Dimetilnitrosoamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0525. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; jaundice. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic disorders; cirrhosis; probable human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: A2, skin (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63525)

CIS 94-1827 Carbonyl fluoride (liquefied). (Spanish: Difluoruro de carbonilo (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0633. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; frostbite. Long term exposure effects: may affect blood chemistry. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 2ppm; 5.4mg/m³ (TWA); 5ppm; 13mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63526)

CIS 94-1828 2-Dimethylaminoethanol. (Spanish: 2-Dimetilaminoetanol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0654. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the skin and respiratory tract; corrosive to the eyes; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 5mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63527)

CIS 94-1829 Dichlorvos. (Spanish: Diclorvos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0690. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the cardiovascular system. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the blood; may cause genetic damage and retarded development of the new-born. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm; 1mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63528)

CIS 94-1830 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone. (Spanish: 2,6-Dimetilheptan-4-ona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0713. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 25ppm; 145mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63529)

CIS 94-1831 2,3-Dinitrotoluene. (Spanish: 2,3-Dinitrotolueno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0726. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. (63530)

CIS 94-1832 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. (Spanish: 2,4-Dinitrotolueno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0727. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen; antifertility effects. (63531)

CIS 94-1833 3,4-Dinitrotoluene. (Spanish: 3,4-Dinitrotolueno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0729. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. (63532)

CIS 94-1834 1,1-Difluoroethylene (liquefied). (Spanish: 1,1-Difluoroetileno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0687. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: may cause asphyxia in confined areas; frostbite; chemical burns (eyes). (63533)

CIS 94-1835 Nickel sulfide. (Spanish: Disulfuro de triníquel) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0928. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: skin sensitization; human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as Ni): 1mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63534)

CIS 94-1836 Nitrogen dioxide. (Spanish: Dióxido de nitrógeno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0930. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; delayed effects on the lungs. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 3ppm; 5.6mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 2mg/m³ (USSR 1984); PEL: 5ppm; 9mg/m³ (OSHA 1989). (63535)

CIS 94-1837 Oxygen difluoride (liquefied). (Spanish: Difluoruro de oxígeno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0818. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; severe irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; migraine; chemical burns (eyes); frostbite. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.05ppm; 0.11mg/m³ (ceiling) (ACGIH 1990-1991); NIOSH REL: 0.05ppm; 0.1mg/m³ (ceiling); OSHA PEL: 0.05ppm; 0.1mg/m³ (ceiling). (63536)

CIS 94-1838 Stannic oxide. (Spanish: Dióxido de estaño) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0954. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: respiratory tract irritation. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs; benign pneumoconiosis (stannosis). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ (as tin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63537)

CIS 94-1839 Tin dichloride. (Spanish: Dicloruro de estaño) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0955. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood. Long term exposure effects: may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ (as tin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63538)

CIS 94-1840 Stannous fluoride. (Spanish: Difluoruro de estaño) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0860. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the skin and respiratory tract; corrosive to the eyes. Long term exposure effects: may affect the teeth and bones. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ (as tin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63539)

CIS 94-1841 Sulfur monochloride. (Spanish: Dicloruro de diazufre) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0958. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (ceiling): 1ppm; 5.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.3mg/m³ (USSR 1988); TWA: 1ppm; 6mg/m³ (OSHA 1989). (63540)

CIS 94-1842 Propyne. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: frostbite; risk of suffocation in confined areas. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1000ppm; 1640mg/m³ STEL: 1250ppm; 2050mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (63541)

CIS 94-1843 Pyrrolidinone. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes; may cause eye injuries with permanent loss of vision. (63542)

CIS 94-1844 Salicylic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63543)

CIS 94-1845 Monosilane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reactions. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: (TWA): 5ppm; 6.6mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63544)

CIS 94-1846 Sodium acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (63545)

CIS 94-1847 Sodium borate, decahydrate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of mucous membranes and eyes; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the liver and kidneys. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the skin when ingested; male antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63546)

CIS 94-1848 Stearic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. (63547)

CIS 94-1849 Sulfanilic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: skin sensitization; may affect the lungs. (63548)

CIS 94-1850 Diethyl sulfate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs; probable human carcinogen; may cause heritable genetic damage. (63549)

CIS 94-1851 Sulphur hexafluoride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas; frostbite; corneal damage. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1000ppm; 5970mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 5000mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63550)

CIS 94-1852 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. No data available on this isomer, but a mixture of tetrachlorophenols may cause toxic effects in the liver and central nervous system. (63551)

CIS 94-1853 Tetrachlorosilane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; loss of vision; pulmonary oedema; dyspnoea. (63552)

CIS 94-1854 Tetrafluoromethane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas; frostbite. (63553)

CIS 94-1855 Tetrafluorosilane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; loss of vision; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reactions. (63554)

CIS 94-1856 Tetrahydrofuran. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); narcotic effects. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 590mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 103mg/m³ (USSR 1967). (63555)

CIS 94-1857 Thioacetamide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen. (63556)

CIS 94-1858 Thiometon. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; eye irritation; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63557)

CIS 94-1859 Thiophosphoryl chloride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis; chemical burns; cholinesterase inhibition. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. (63558)

CIS 94-1860 2,4-Toluenediamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; skin burns; may affect the liver and blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; possible human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage; may impair male fertility; retarded development of the newborn. Occupational exposure limit: MAK: Class III A2 (1989). (63559)

CIS 94-1861 Tributyl phosphate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous sytem); cholinesterase inhibition. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; cumulative effects (important depression of blood cholinesterase). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.2ppm; 2.2mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.5mg/m³ P (USSR 1988). (63560)

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CIS 94-1862 Safe to work - The health and safety video. CTV Corporate Television, 44 Ridgeway Ave., Newport, Gwent, NP9 5AH, United Kingdom, 1994. 2 videotapes (approx. 30+30min). Price: GBP 150.00 (+ GBP 3.00 for postage + VAT). (In English)

Videotape set designed specifically as a practical training aid for use by students studying for the British Health and Safety Certificate examinations and their instructors. Discussion questions accompany each section. The sections are: Tape A - health and safety at work; workplace health, safety and welfare; risk assessment; accident prevention; work equipment; electricity; fire safety. Tape B - occupational health; manual handling and ergonomics; substances hazardous to health; personal protection equipment; first aid; health and safety law. (63253)

CIS 94-1863 Training for change: New approach to instruction and learning in working life. Engeström Y., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. xi, 148p. Illus. 147 ref. Price: CHF 20.00., ISBN 92-9016-104-3 (In English)

This guidebook presents a theory of learning and teaching and is aimed at personnel in various organizations who plan education and teach adults or young people; emphasis is on human resource development and personnel training. Contents: education, instruction and work-related training; preconditions and components of productive learning; principles of the type of instruction which elicits and supports investigative learning; formulating cognitive objectives of instruction; selection and organization of instructional contents; methods of instruction; planning instruction; teaching skill; summary of the golden rules of teaching. (63291)

CIS 94-1864 Certified Safety Professionals: Competent management team members. Board of Certified Safety Professionals, 208 Burwash Avenue, Savoy IL 61874-9571, USA, 1994. Videocassette (10 min.). Free (for 1 copy). (In English)

Videotape describing the safety profession in the United States. It is aimed primarily at management personnel, legislators and government agency staff. (63487)

CIS 94-1865 First steps (in health, safety and environmental protection). Sandown Training, Parkwood House, Painsick Road, Cheltenham, Glos. GL50 2BR, United Kingdom, 1994. Videocassette (20min) + workbook (2 copies) + instructor's manual (illus.). Price: GBP 395.00 + VAT (rental: GBP 100.00 + VAT for 5 days). (In English)

Video-based training pack dealing with the most common OSH-related issues: fitness for work; avoidance of stress; work environment; chemical hazards and their prevention; noise and vibration; electricity; radiations; machine safety; slips and falls; fires and toxic vapours; manual handling; legislation in the United Kingdom; hazard evaluation; personal protection. The training pack is designed in particular for managers and supervisors with little training experience. (63506)

CIS 94-1866 Industrial hygiene workbook. Burton D.J., IVE Inc., 2974 South Oakwood Drive, Bountiful, Utah 84040, USA, 1992. iv, 333p. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 45.00., ISBN 0-9623160-9-1 (In English)

Contents of this workbook: industrial hygiene - history and objectives; essential mathematics, statistics and calculator functions; chemistry and biochemistry review; physiology and anatomy; toxicology; occupational medicine and occupational diseases; laws, codes, regulations and standards; air sampling and analysis; general methods of control; ventilation; respiratory protection; personal protective equipment and clothing; indoor air quality; air pollution; ergonomics and human factors; thermal environments; sound, noise and hearing; ionizing and non-ionizing radiation; glossary. Each section contains a series of questions and answers. (63410)

CIS 94-1867 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Spanish: Seguridad, salud y condiciones de trabajo - Manual de entrenamiento) Institute for the Development of Products and Workplaces (Sweden), COIFA, Manuela Sáenz 567 y Abelardo Moncayo, Casilla Postal 17-08-83-86, Quito, Ecuador; Abya-Yala, Avenida 12 de octubre 14-30 y Wilson, Casilla 17-12-719, Quito, Ecuador, 1994. 107 + [9]p. Illus., ISBN 9978-04-065-X (In Spanish)

Translation into Spanish of the training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions" published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. In appendix: checklist for improving safety, health and working conditions. (63421)

CIS 94-1868 The small business guide to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, PO Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1993. 24p. Illus., ISBN 0-477-03533-7 (In English)

This booklet outlines the importance of good health and safety management and provides guidance on the requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment Act (see CIS 93-701) regarding: responsibilities of employers and employees; hazard identification, assessment and control; accident investigation; training and supervision; protection of contractors; responsibilities to the public; compliance with regulations and codes of practice. A series of checklists is included. (63322)

CIS 94-1869 Health and safety guide for gamekeepers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 1994. 12p. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

Contents of this guide: legal requirements; training; work environment; provision of first aid; duties to the public; control of hazardous chemicals; use of cyanide gassing powders; off-road transport; use of guns; chainsaws; overhead power lines; general health hazards (Weil's disease, Lyme disease, dust, tetanus); burning moorland vegetation; pheasant rearing; deer stalking (handling and treatment of carcasses); work on inland waters. (63433)

CIS 94-1870 Supervising for safety in woodworking. Health and Safety Executive, Woodworking National Interest Group, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1994. 13p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

This booklet uses a series of questions to identify the responsibilities of supervisors regarding safety and health in woodworking establishments. Contents: checklist of responsibilities and who is responsible (operator, supervisor or manager); ensuring the right person is using the right equipment; providing a safe and healthy workplace; safety in moving and storing goods; fire safety; machinery guarding. (63434)

CIS 94-1871 Officewise. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Apr. 1994. 16p. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

This booklet provides guidance on the application of basic health and safety regulations in offices. Contents: responsibilities of employers; registration of offices; provision of information for employees; accident reporting; written safety policy; risk assessment; electrical safety; control of hazardous substances; prevention of trips and falls; the working environment and welfare facilities. (63283)

CIS 94-1872 Accidents don't happen in the office. Training Media Group Ltd., 3a Station Parade, Ealing Road, Northoft, Middlesex UB5 5HR, United Kingdom, 1991. Videocassette (6min) + 3 booklets (Illus.). Price: GBR 395.00 + GBR 30.00 (pack of 10 additional workbooks) (delivery and VAT not included). (In English)

Videocassette on office safety, using dramatizations of everyday events in office work. Subjects tackled include: fire safety, management responsibilities, handling and lifting, using display screen equipment, industrial safety. Three manuals accompany the video: manager's guide, participant's workbook, self-study booklet. (63505)

CIS 94-1873 Analysis of accident risks and interruptions in automatized production. (Swedish: Analys av risker för olycksfall och driftstörningar i automatiserad produktion) Döös M., Backström T., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1993, 56p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-365-1 (In Swedish)

Description of procedures that can be followed to prevent accidents in automated production. Phases to be followed from analysis of the work situation to the development of a safer workplace are described. The people who should be involved in the safety process, such as operators, foremen and technicians, are listed. Typical accidents are reviewed and important factors that are to be considered are given. Check lists are included. (63279)

CIS 94-1874 In your own interest - Visual display health & safety package. CCD Products Ltd., Allen House, Egham, Surrey TW20 9LB, United Kingdom, 1992. Videocassette (18min). Price: GBP 170.00. (In English)

This videotape is designed for the training of visual display unit (VDU) users, particularly from an ergonomic point of view. Some of the topics covered: correct sitting posture, workstation organization, work-break schedules, repetitive strain injury, work-related upper limb disorders, eye problems, backache. (63502)

CIS 94-1875 Welding and cutting. Protection against fumes, dust, gases and vapours. (French: Coupage et soudage. Protection contre les fumées, poussières, gaz et vapeurs; German: Schweissen and Schneiden. Schutz vor Rauchen, Stäuben, Gasen und Dämpfen; Italian: Saldatura e taglio: Protezione da fumi, polveri, gas e vapori) Blätter M., Ott R., Rüdin P., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Aug. 1994. 35p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French, German, Italian)

This booklet is aimed at business owners, managers and safety coordinators within enterprises. The main problem surveyed is that of the exposure of welders to harmful substances (fumes, dust, vapours, gases) generated during different welding processes. Contents: principles of occupational hygiene; description of welding and cutting processes; exposure limits at the workplace; protection measures; summary of welding processes and of the harmful substances emitted by them. (63494)

CIS 94-1876 Work environment in welding. Exhaust-arms. (Swedish: Arbetsmiljö vid svetsning. Utsugningsarmar) Bengtsson G., Hellmans Förlag, Box 316, 641 23 Katrineholm, Sweden, 1993, 32p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-372-4 (In Swedish)

Booklet on design of devices meant for holding exhaust hoods which are used to collect welding fumes. Main issues: types of exhaust arms, components, exhaust source, efficiency and testing of the exhaust system. A checklist is included for use when choosing equipment. The most common brands of exhaust arm on the Swedish market are outlined and described. (63277)

CIS 94-1877 Practical safety guide - Dangerous products for people and the environment - 1994-1997. (French: Traité pratique de sécurité - Produits dangereux pour l'homme et l'environnement - 1994-1997) Centre national de Prévention et de Protection, 5 rue Daunou, 75002 Paris, France, 5th ed., Dec. 1993. 1205p. Illus. Index., ISBN 2-900503-20-5 (In French)

This guide is aimed in particular at those responsible for safety in the preparation of impact studies and internal operation plans. It deals in detail with the responsibilities tied to the possession and use of dangerous substances and their wastes, as well as with the problems due to their acute and chronic toxicity under normal working conditions. Summary: Part I - survey of French legislation concerning chemical products, occupational safety, environmental protection, enterprises classified as dangerous, wastes and transport of dangerous materials. Part II - general knowledge concerning dangerous products, hazards connected with their use, waste management, storage and containers. Part III - collection of data sheets (> 150) chosen because of their toxicity, fire hazard or widespread use in non-chemical industry. (63491)

CIS 94-1878 Preventing asthma at work. How to control respiratory sensitisers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 33p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: GBP 6.25., ISBN 0-7176-0661-9 (In English)

Contents of this guidance document: the problem of occupational asthma (development and symptoms, causes and long-term effects of sensitization); legal requirements of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations); advice on complying with the Regulations (assessment of health risks, prevention or control of exposures, use of control measures, maintenance and examination of control measures, monitoring exposure at the workplace, health surveillance, information, instruction and training). Annexes include lists of respiratory sensitizers and a health surveillance questionnaire. (63323)

CIS 94-1879 Tough acts to follow. Shot in the Dark, Freepost HF2219, St. James Centre, Huddersfield Rd., Brighthouse HD6 1QY, United Kingdom, 1994. Videotape (15min) + Booklet (150p.). Price: GBP 98.00 + VAT (no rental). (In English)

Videocassette on the establishment of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in businesses, in order for them to satisfy current legislative requirements and to keep in step with increasing environmental awareness. The development of EMS is presented as a set of 8 major components: policy, planning, action, audit, report, register, record and review. Principal environmental topics covered include: land, air and water contamination; traffic fumes; energy conservation; waste minimization. A free action guide entitled Earth Ltd. accompanies the video. (63252)

CIS 94-1880 In your own interest - Fire & you. CCD Products Ltd., Allen House, Egham, Surrey TW20 9LB, United Kingdom, 1994. Videocassette + 2 manuals (15+16p., illus.). (In English)

Elements of a training programme for fire safety and prevention in the workplace. It includes a videotape and 2 accompanying booklets (a users' manual aimed at workers, and a training manual aiming at management and instructors). Various aspects of fire safety and fire prevention are treated, including fire sources, fire-fighting equipment (water, hoses, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder). A quiz test of memory is included. (63504)

CIS 94-1881 The Chubb fire training pack (1 - If there is a fire where you work; 2 - Choosing the right weapon). Chubb Fire Ltd., Racal-Chubb House, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex TW16 7AR, United Kingdom, 1994. 2 videocassettes (13+13min) + manual (13p. illus., 23 ref.). Price: GBP 195.00 + VAT. (In English)

This training pack contains two videocassettes. One (If there is a fire where you work) is a practical and lively guide to fire safety, aimed at everyone in the workplace. It covers topics such as isolation and reporting of fires, evacuation of premises and prevention of fire risks. The second video (Choosing the right weapon) is aimed at persons with particular responsibilities in fire emergencies, dealing with fire theory and the use of various fire extinguishers. A detailed illustrated manual contains information and check lists on: definition of fires; types of fires (with corresponding use of the appropriate fire-fighting equipment), types and uses of portable fire extinguishers; evacuation procedures; fire safety at home. Special training packs are available for workers in the following industries: hotels and catering; manufacturing; retail trade. (63507)

CIS 94-1882 Management of change on CD-ROM. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10164-0387, USA, 1994. CD-ROM disk (IBM-compatible [Windows] or Apple Macintosh versions). Price: USD 1,195.00 (incl. shipping). (In English)

Interactive, computer-based training package on the management of change in the chemical process industry. Safety requirements imposed in the US by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are fully covered. Three kinds of change are dealt with: change of process technology, change of facility, change in organization. Exercises involving four real-life scenarios are included. (63424)

CIS 94-1883 Major hazard control: A practical manual - An ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety of UNEP, ILO, WHO (IPCS). (French: La maîtrise des risques d'accident majeur - Guide pratique - Contribution de l'OIT au Programme international sur la sécurité des substances chimiques mené conjointement par le PNUE, l'OIT et l'OMS (IPCS)) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1993. x, 301p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 45.00., ISBN 92-2-206432-1 (In French)

Internet:
http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1988/88B09_382_fren.pdf

French translation of the practical manual abstracted under CIS 89-118. Contents: introduction (description of major types of hazards; explosions, fires, toxic releases; components of major hazard control systems); identification of major hazard installations; role of management (assessment of hazards; causes of major industrial accidents; safe operation of major hazard installations; mitigation of consequence; reporting to authorities); role of authorities; role of workers and of workers' organizations; emergency planning; implementation of major hazard control systems; prerequisites for a major hazard control system. Appendices contain: list of dangerous substances and threshold quantities (derived from EC Directives 82/501/EEC, 87/216/EEC and 86/610/EEC); example of a rapid ranking method for the classification of units/plant elements; guide to hazard and operability studies; consequence calculation methods; storage of LPG at fixed installations; safety advice for bulk chlorine installations; storage of anhydrous ammonia under pressure in the United Kingdom; example of a safety report; example of an accident report form; land use near major hazard works. (63497)

CIS 94-1884 Installations using flammable gases and oxygen - Welding, cutting and related processes. (French: Installations à gaz combustible et oxygène. Soudage, coupage et procédés connexes; German: Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Anlagen. Schweissen, Schneiden und verwandte Verfahren; Italian: Impianti a ossigeno e a gas combustibile. Saldatura, taglio e procedimenti affini) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA), Inspectorat de l'Association suisse pour la technique du soudage (ASS), St. Alban-Rheinweg 222, Postfach, 4052 Basel, Switzerland, Aug. 1994. 47p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This training manual provides essential information on the safe operation, maintenance and handling of welding installations and equipment using flammable gases and oxygen. Aspects covered: safety measures; ventilation of work stations; fire prevention; safe behaviour when a cylinder catches fire; installation of cylinders; storage and maintenance of welding torches. (63511)

CIS 94-1885 Hand-arm vibration. Advice for employers and advice on vibration white finger for employees and the self-employed. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1994. 2 booklets (7p. and 5p.). 6 ref. (In English)

The first of these two booklets provides advice to employers on the injuries caused by hand-arm vibration, jobs affected, control measures, information and training for employees and health surveillance. The second is aimed at employees and describes the nature and symptoms of vibration white finger, the causes of the problem and ways of reducing the risk. (63431)

CIS 94-1886 Hearing protection in foundries. Health and Safety Commission, Foundries Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 1994. 6p. Illus. 4 ref., ISBN 0-7176-2594-X (In English)

This leaflet highlights the need for the correct wearing and maintenance of ear protectors in foundries. Signs of damage in ear plugs and ear muffs are outlined along with guidance on care and maintenance. Examples of good and bad earmuffs are provided. (63432)

CIS 94-1887 Radiation protection handbook for laboratory workers. Connor K.J., McLintock I.S., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1944. xxiv, 206p. Index. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 19.50 (overseas airmail GBP 22.00, USD 44.00, CAD 50.00)., ISBN 0-948237-21-X (In English)

Contents of this handbook: radioactivity and properties of radiation; biological effects of radiation; legislation; monitoring radiation and radioactivity; practical radiation protection; designation of laboratory areas and facilities required in different categories of laboratory; closed radioactive sources; training, registration and related matters; waste disposal; transport of radioactive materials; machine sources of radiation. Appendices include: units and exposure limits; data sheets for commonly used nuclides; selection of radiation monitors; personal dosimetry; spillages and emergencies. (63404)

CIS 94-1888 Manual handling. Solutions you can handle. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 41p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 7.95., ISBN 0-7176-0693-7 (In English)

This guidance document provides advice on how to avoid manual handling or reduce the risk of injury in potentially hazardous areas; it is aimed at employers in small and medium-sized enterprises. Contents: avoiding manual handling; redesigning the load; redesigning the task; mechanical handling aids; environmental effects; automation; requirements of the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. (63324)

CIS 94-1889 Manual handling in drinks delivery. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 25p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0731-3 (In English)

This booklet provides guidance on the responsibilities of employers and others under the Health and Safety at Work ... Act (CIS 74-2099) and the Manual Handling Operations Regulations (CIS 93-36). Contents: advice to employers on risk assessment, reducing the risk, training and protective clothing; advice to those in control of premises concerning the design and maintenance of the premises where goods are delivered; general advice to employees. Appendices include checklists and a table of weights and measures of full and empty containers. (63373)

CIS 94-1890 Guns. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, May 1994. 12p. Illus. (In English)

This leaflet (revision of CIS 89-1168) gives basic practical advice on the safe use of rifles and shotguns. Contents: legal responsibilities; training and supervision; safety checks before using a gun; procedure for passing a gun to a companion; safe use of a gun; safety at organized events; guns in vehicles; hearing protection. (63372)

CIS 94-1891 Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations 1989. An open learning course. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 214p. 40 ref. Price: GBP 16.00., ISBN 0-7176-0687-2 (In English)

This course provides training on the legal duties required under the Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations 1989 (abstracted under CIS 90-1434). Module 1 covers plant or equipment covered by the Regulations (relevant fluid, pressure systems, pipework, pipelines, protective devices, transportable gas containers, open-vented vessels). Module 2 covers the effects of the Regulations on various people (competent person, user, owner, designer, supplier, manufacturer, importer, filler, modifier, repairer) and the avoidance of danger. Module 3 covers procedures required to carry out the provision of the Regulations (maintenance, examination, installation, safe operating limits, record keeping). The course includes case studies and a series of self-assessment questions and answers. (63350)

CIS 94-1892 SUVATOOL. Spindle moulder compound table. (Dutch: Kruistafel voor een freesmachine; French: Table à mouvements croisés pour toupie; German: Kreuztisch zu Fräsmaschine; Italian: Tavola mobile per toupie; Portuguese: Mesa composta para fresadora; Spanish: Mesa cruciforme para fresadora) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1994. 4p. Illus. (In Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

Illustrated description of the features and working procedures of this very easy-to-use device adaptable to all spindle moulders. Its safety aspects are underlined. (63495)

CIS 94-1893 Manual handling in the office. CCD Products Ltd., Allen House, Egham, Surrey TW20 9LB, United Kingdom, 1993. 2 videocassettes (7+14min) + 3 manuals (17+16+12p., illus.). (In English)

Elements of a complete training programme for safe manual handling in offices. It includes 2 videotapes (In your own interest aimed at staff, Strategy for safety aimed at management), with 3 accompanying booklets (a handbook for management, including a hazard assessment checklist, an instructor's manual and an illustrated users' manual aimed at workers). All aspects of manual materials handling in offices are treated, including knowing one's capacity, reading labels, planning the route along which the load is to be carried, use of aids and getting assistance. A quiz test of memory is included. (63503)

CIS 94-1894 Work-related upper limb disorders in the printing industry. Programme for prevention. Health and Safety Commission, Printing Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1994. 20p. 41 ref. (In English)

This booklet describes types of upper limb disorders and their treatment and presents a programme for action in the workplace based on: deciding whether a firm has a problem with upper limb disorders; assessing the risk (examination of tasks, review of medical information); reducing the risk (job and equipment design, work organization, the work environment); keeping risks under control. Legal requirements are also outlined. (63321)

CIS 94-1895 A pain in your workplace? - Ergonomic problems and solutions. HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. xii, 93p. Illus. 19 ref. Price: GBP 10.95., ISBN 0-7176-0668-6 (In English)

Informational and training booklet presenting, in datasheet format, ergonomic problems and their solutions for 77 different activities from a wide range of occupations. For each activity, information is provided on: characteristics of the task, ergonomic problems, risk assessment, ergonomic solutions and consequences of their implementation. (63501)

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CIS 94-1896 Developing operating procedures - 9 steps to success. Hood S., Accident Prevention, May-June 1994. Vol.41, No.3, p.18-21. (In English)

Standard operating procedures are considered to be the backbone of quality and safety systems. A nine-step approach to developing effective operating procedures is outlined: make an inventory of all tasks; identify critical tasks; break tasks into steps; pinpoint loss exposure; carry out an efficiency check; develop controls; write the procedures; put the procedures to work; update and maintain records. (63380)

CIS 94-1897 Safety inspections - A checklist. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, Dec. 1993, p.A:8:7:5-A:8:7:8. (In English)

An inspection checklist is presented as a means of observing and reporting workplace hazards in a structured way. The following headings are used: machine guarding; stacking and storage; vehicles; roadways; working areas; means of access (ladders, scaffolds); hand tools; power tools; hazardous substances; fire precautions; general points. (63435)

CIS 94-1898 Just-in-time: Trucks used as warehouses - Consequences for working conditions and occupational safety and health. (German: Just-in-time: Das Lager auf der Strasse - Konsequenzen für Arbeitsbedingungen und Arbeitsschutz) Angermaier M., Arbeit und Ökologie-Briefe, 1993, No.23, p.7-8, 11. (In German)

Just-in-time supply, lean production and lean management can have negative effects on health and safety. Employees with lower work capacity are losing their jobs more quickly. Suppliers are increasing shift work, night work and work on holidays to meet manufacturers' demands. Time pressure can produce cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Truck accidents are on the increase, as is the pollution of the environment due to road traffic. (63311)

CIS 94-1899 Digest of official interpretations of the Bureau of Labor Statistics recordkeeping guidelines for occupational injuries and illnesses, May 1994 (revised edition). Duvall M.N., Occupational Safety & Health Reporter, 13 July 1994, Vol.24, No.7, p.317-336. 210 ref. (In English)

The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has issued regulations on the reporting of occupational accidents and diseases (29 CFR Part 1904, CIS 89-1068). While the guidelines issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) do not have the force of law, they are an important point of reference in determining which injuries and illnesses must be reported on OSHA forms. Some 207 interpretations of the guidelines by OSHA, BLS or the US Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission are summarized under the headings "employers subject to OSHA recordkeeping requirements", "the mechanics of OSHA recordkeeping", "location, retention, and maintenance of records", "employer decisionmaking", analysis of case recordability", "evaluating the event of recordable cases", "employer obligations for reporting occupational injuries and illnesses" and "access to OSHA records and penalties for failure to comply with recordkeeping obligations". (63246)

CIS 94-1900 First national atlas of occupational injuries. (Italian: Primo atlante nazionale degli infortuni sul lavoro) Arduini L., Costa G., Marconi M., Nesti M., Passerini M., Perticaroli S., Pianosi G., Tavassi S., eds., Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro (ISPESL), via Urbana 167, 00184 Roma, Italy, 1993. vii, 411p. Illus. 18 ref. (In Italian)

Analysis of compensated occupational injury in Italy during the period 1986-1991. Ten maps present information on injuries, by province, on: general index of the frequency and seriousness of accidents; mean number of days lost per injury; difference between attested number of fatalities and the numbers obtained from mortality records; injuries in various sectors (harvesting and food processing; work with animals; health care; construction; furniture and fixture manufacturing and packing; work with laminates, wires etc.; road transport). The data on which the maps are based are presented in detail. An MS-DOS diskette containing most of the data is also available. (63258)

CIS 94-1901 The role of accident statistics in accident prevention. (French: Le rôle de la statistique des accidents pour la prévention des accidents) International Social Security Association, Case postale 1, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Vth report, 1993. ii, 69p. Illus. 35 ref. (In English, French, Spanish)

Proceedings of the XXIVth General Assembly of the ISSA which took place in Acapulco, Mexico, 22 Nov. to 1 Dec. 1992. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Implementation of the survey; 3. Evaluation of the survey; 4. The need for future co-ordination; 5. Preconditions for the establishment of an accident statistics model with a view to the needs of prevention; 6. The statistical model; 7 EDP resources; 8. Conclusions concerning the role of accident statistics in accident prevention. Annexes: outline of some classification systems for the recording of accidental events; relative accident frequencies by sectors of economy; statistics on the evolution of wages and normal working hours in industry in Switzerland; proposals for a harmonized system for the notification and compilation of accident statistics; list of institutions which participated in the survey; guidelines for national monographs. (63390)

CIS 94-1902 Fatal occupational accidents in 1992 - Statistical analysis based on a labour inspectorate survey. (German: Tödliche Arbeitsunfälle 1992 - Statistische Analyse nach einer Erhebung der Gewerbeaufsicht) Henter A., Hermanns D., Brenscheidt F., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1994. vi, 96p. 2 ref., ISBN 3-89429-489-2 (In German)

Statistical analysis of fatal occupational accidents in Germany in 1992 in all sectors with the exception of mining and traffic accidents. Data are based on a questionnaire survey developed by the German Factory Inspectorate (Gewerbeaufsicht) and the Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz. For the first time, this analysis includes the new Länder (States representing the ex-GDR). It provides information not only on accident frequency and accident black spots for specific economic sectors and workplaces but also on accidents caused by electricity and those involving chemical substances. Commuting accidents, which account for 10% of the total, are also covered. A comparative study on accidents in the construction industry in the former Western and Eastern Länder is included. In the appendices: sample questionnaire form; case studies of fatal accidents caused by dangerous substances. (63470)

CIS 94-1903 Expertise directory. Association of Societies for Occupational Safety and Health (ASOSH), P.O.Box 35764, Menlo Park 0102, South Africa, 1993. iii, 44p. Index. (In English)

Directory of organizations involved in OSH matters in South Africa. For each organization, objectives, areas of expertise, addresses and telephone numbers (including for regional offices) and names of contact persons are listed. (63257)

CIS 94-1904 Research report 1992-93. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Feb. 1994. xi, 113p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-644-33168-2 (In English)

Report on 36 OSH-related research projects in Australia during 1992-93 either conducted by Worksafe Australia or supported by it. Projects are grouped under the headings: epidemiology and surveillance; ergonomics; human performance; occupational hygiene and safety engineering; occupational medicine; toxicology; statistics; cancer; communication; mechanical equipment injury; skin disorders. For each project, details are given on background, aims, methods, findings, work in progress, implications for the workplace and reports produced. A complete list of all intra- and extramural projects in 1992-93 is included. (63294)

CIS 94-1905 Industrial Health Research Institute - Korea Industrial Safety Corporation. (Korean: Hankuk Sanupanjon Kongdan - Sanup Bogun Yeunkuwon) Industrial Health Research Institute, 34-4 Kusan-Dong, Buk-Ku, Inchon, 403-120 Republic of Korea, 1994. 17p. Illus. (In English, Korean)

History, internal organization and role of the Industrial Health Research Institute, which works under the aegis of the Korea Industrial Safety Corporation (see CIS 91-817 for its structure and activities). The tasks of the following departments are described: industrial hygiene research; industrial toxicology research; industrial medicine research; occupational disease diagnosis centre. (63510)

CIS 94-1906 Report on the state and evolution of occupational safety and accident rates in 1992. Slovak Occupational Safety Office, ¿pitálska 8, 815 07 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Oct. 1993. 13p. + Annex (57p.). Illus. (In English)

Annual report on the activities and structure of the Slovak Occupational Safety Office for the year 1992. It explains the legal and political background for activities. The structure and personnel of the office are described. The activities of the office (number of inspections, judgements, fines etc.) are outlined. In annexes: analysis of occupational accidents and occupational diseases, list of regulations in force in the area. (63274)

CIS 94-1907 Monitoring the work environment. Report of second European conference. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. xi, 195p. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 11.50., ISBN 92-826-7315-4 (In English)

Report of the second European conference on monitoring the work environment held in Dublin, Ireland, 11-12 November 1992. Topics covered include: results of a European survey on the work environment; European network on product and exposure registers; economic incentives to improve safety and health; strengths and weaknesses of questionnaire-based surveys; risk assessment methods for the workplace; mortality and occupation; women and work (women's activity and statistics, psycho-social demands); absenteeism as an indicator for monitoring the work environment; the Foundation's European Health and Safety Database; monitoring stress at company level and at work. (63298)

CIS 94-1908 Low-cost ways of improving working conditions: 100 examples from Asia. Kogi K., Phoon W.O., Thurman J.E., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2nd ed. 1989. v, 179p. Illus. Price: CHF 12.50., ISBN 92-2-106513-8 (In English)

A series of case studies illustrates low-cost improvements in conditions of work and occupational safety and health. They are grouped under the following headings: work organization and workstation design (materials handling, housekeeping, storage, access to work locations, job content, work schedules); the physical working environment (lighting, heat, noise, handling, use and storage of hazardous substances, guards and other safety devices, safe working procedures); welfare facilities for workers (sanitary facilities, provision of beverages and meals, recreation, child care and transport facilities). (63304)

CIS 94-1909 Social Europe. Second report on the application of the Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers. Supplement 1/93. Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 235p. Price: ECU 10.00., ISBN 92-826-5920-8 (In English)

The first part of this report concerns the implementation at Community level of the Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers. The second part sets out the Member States' attitudes to each of the Charter principles. Topics covered include: improvement of living and working conditions; information, consultation and participation of workers; vocational training; health and safety protection for workers; protection of young people, the elderly and the disabled. (63306)

CIS 94-1910 Annual report - National Centre for Occupational Health 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993. National Centre for Occupational Health, PO Box 4788, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, 5 vols. (1989, 35p.), (1990, 35p.), (1991, 34p.), (1992, 42p.), (1993, 42p.). (In English)

Contents of these annual reports from the National Centre for Occupational Health: introduction, occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, pathology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology, epidemiology, and in some cases staffing and finance. (63343)

CIS 94-1911 Plan of work for 1994/95. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. ix, 85p. (Summary: 11p.). Price: GBP 11.50., ISBN 0-7176-0660-0 (In English)

This report sets out the medium-term aims of the Health and Safety Commission and Executive. Proposals relate to: effective health and safety management; modernization of health and safety law; effectiveness of HSE's field force; effective management of the change to new safety arrangements in certain industries; reduction in work-related ill health; fulfilment of EC obligations; co-operation with other regulatory and enforcement authorities; activities concerning legislation, guidance, inspection, enforcement and research. Annexes include financial and staff resources and an assessment of trends in UK injuries and ill health. A Summary booklet is included. List of abbreviations. (63406)

CIS 94-1912 The design of contributions in insurance against accidents at work, including bonus-malus systems and their impact on safety and health at the workplace. International Social Security Association (ISSA), International Section for the Construction Industry, OPPBTP, 204 Rond-point du Pont-de-Sèvres, 92516 Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 1994. xiii, 214p. Illus., ISBN 92-843-1072-5 (In English)

Proceedings of a conference on the design of contributions in insurance against accidents at work, including bonus-malus systems and their impact on safety and health at the workplace held in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, 14-15 May 1992. Papers describe the experiences of various European countries concerning insurance against accidents at work, systems for establishing contributions to such insurance and the effects of contribution schemes on safety at work. (63450)

CIS 94-1913 Invitation to a debate: On the track towards a clean working environment for the year 2005. (Danish: Debatoplæg: På vej mod et rent arbejdsmiljø år 2005) Danish Working Environment Service, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1994. 55p. Illus. Gratis (In Danish)

This publication is meant to open a broad debate in Danish society on reaching the overall goal that, not later than 2005, Danish workplaces will become a safe, healthy, and evolving environment that encourages creativity, quality and productivity; production will be competitive, sustainable and human-centred. The present state of occupational safety and health is described and used as a background for the visions and goals. The goals are justified in both economical and human terms. The roles of the different institutions in this process are outlined. Activities on the national and international level in the years to come are given. (63469)

CIS 94-1914 Translations Bulletin April-June 1994. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Information Services, Language Services Unit, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom, 1994. ii, 13p. (In English)

This quarterly catalogue lists all translations completed on behalf of Health and Safety Executive personnel during the previous quarter. Entries cover a range of occupational safety and health topics. The title, author and reference are given for each item and an order form is included. (63478)

CIS 94-1915 Robens Institute Report 1993. Robens Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, United Kingdom, 1994. 32p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This report describes the activities of the Robens Institute of Industrial and Environmental Health and Safety during 1993. Main areas of research are: the analytical centre, environment, ergonomics, human and applied physiology, occupational health, psychology and toxicology. Education and training programmes are also described. Financial data, grants and contracts, staff lists and publications are included. (63480)

CIS 94-1916 Ergonomics, health and safety - Conditions of work and the environment. (French: Ergonomie, hygiène et sécurité - Conditions de travail et environnement) Bernard C.P., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P. 138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 27th ed., 1994. 1200p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: FRF 1160.50., ISBN 2-908191-05-9 (In French)

This reference book is intended to be used as an encyclopaedia for the scientific improvement of health and the quality of work as well as a practical guide to occupational safety and health in France. Five main sections cover: (1) national and international organizations for the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, and of exposure to harmful industrial agents; organization and promotion of occupational safety and health at the national level; control of working conditions; health, ergonomics and safety at the international and European level; (2) ergonomics and in-plant occupational safety and health (organization, guide for safety engineers, regional safety, health and rescue organization); (3) guide to safety and health techniques (list of safety product range); personal protective equipment, hygiene, work environment, special hazards, rescue equipment, publications and publishers, and research; (4) guide to hazardous substances, including extensive lists of radioactive substances, carcinogens, allergens, exposure limits (USA-TLV, USSR-MAK, France - various classes of substances); schedules of compensable occupational diseases in France; and (5) guide to environment (analysis of French legislation on pollutants and wastes as well as on major hazards). Thumb-indexed for easy consultation. (63498)

CIS 94-1917 101 tips to a safer business. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1992. 23p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

This booklet outlines basic health and safety precautions for employers. Topics covered: legal aspects; safe systems of work; the working environment and welfare facilities; safe use of machines; identification and prevention of health risks; transport and handling; electrical safety; prevention of falls; noise control; accident and emergency organization. (63301)

CIS 94-1918 1992 Publications of the professional associations' occupational safety institute - BIA. (French: Publications 1992 de l'Institut des associations professionnelles pour la sécurité du travail - BIA; German: 1992 Veröffentlichungen des Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Instituts für Arbeitssicherheit - BIA) Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2043, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, Oct. 1993. 245p. (In English, French, German, Spanish)

1992 Directory of BIA publications. A summary of the contents of the documents is given for each title in German, French, English and Spanish. Articles, reports and technical documents are grouped under the headings: harmful materials; noise, vibration, radiation and other physical influences; personal protective equipment; technical equipment; workshop equipment, transportation and traffic, conference proceedings. (63303)

CIS 94-1919 Guidelines on work improvements for health, safety and higher productivity. Occupational Health and Environmental Protection (Pvt) Ltd, P.O. Box 8454, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe, Mar. 1994. 28p (+ leaflet). (In English)

These guidelines provide practical, low-cost measures for the improvement of working conditions. Contents: legal provisions on occupational health and safety; concepts of health and safety at work, work safety analysis and safety leadership; process plant safety; industrial hygiene; occupational health services; personal protective equipment and clothing; emergency and security plans; accident reporting and investigation. (63441)

CIS 94-1920 Social security quantitative data: An inventory of existing databases. (French: Données quantitatives de sécurité sociale - Inventaire des bases de données existantes) Butare T., ISSA Publications, International Social Security Association, C.P.1, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, July 1994. viii, 71p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 20.00., ISBN 92-843-1076-8 (Eng), ISBN 92-843-2076-3 (fr) (In English, French)

Annotated directory of computerized databases dealing with quantitative information from the field of social security. Databases having OSH-related information include (relevant information and/or scope in brackets): ILO database on social security data (employment injury and invalidity benefits); the ILO's LABORSTA database (work injuries and fatal work accidents worldwide); the OECD's SOCX base (disability and occupational injury/disease); the European Union's EUROSTAT databases (work accidents and occupational diseases); the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database (work accidents, covering most industrialized countries); annual reports of national social security institutions (OSH data from Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Rwanda, Chile). Detailed description of each database is provided, together with extensive commentary and the names of contact persons. (63488)

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CIS 94-1921 Clinical and socioeconomic features of subjects with red cedar asthma - A follow up study. Marabini A., Dimich-Ward H., Kwan S.Y.L., Kennedy S.M., Waxler-Morrison N., Chan-Yeung M., Chest, Sep. 1993, Vol.104, No.3, p.821-824. 10 ref. (In English)

A follow-up study of 128 subjects with red cedar asthma was conducted to evaluate the clinical and socioeconomic impact of the disease in determining the working status of the subjects after the diagnosis was made. The results suggest that the severity of asthma is not the main determinant of working status. Comparing the data at diagnosis and follow-up examination, it was found that continued exposure resulted in a deterioration of the asthma despite the use of increased medication. Subjects who were working were younger and had a larger number of dependents than the subjects who were not working at the time of the follow-up examination. The socioeconomic factors are important in determining the working status of subjects with red cedar asthma. To prevent severe impairment and disability, there should be more economic incentives for these subjects to choose other jobs. (63221)

CIS 94-1922 Association between plasma fibrinogen concentration and five socioeconomic indices in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Wilson T.W., Kaplan G.A., Kauhanen J., Cohen R.D., Wu M., Salonen R., Salonen J.T., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 Feb. 1993, Vol.137, No.3, p.292-300. Illus. 44 ref. (In English)

The association between various socio-economic indices and plasma fibrinogen levels was investigated in middle-aged Finnish men who were part of a heart disease risk factor study. One socio-economic index (lifetime occupation) classified participants into three categories: white collar, blue collar, and farmers. The present analysis is restricted to the 2,011 men for whom information on fibrinogen and all covariates was available. The covariates were alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical fitness, smoking, coffee consumption, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood leukocyte count, and prevalent disease (ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, previous stroke). An age-adjusted inverse association was found between levels of plasma fibrinogen and four socio-economic indices: current income, education, occupation status, and current material possessions. After adjustment for the covariates, the association persisted for education, current income, and occupation. (63225)

CIS 94-1923 A novel approach to the characterization of cumulative exposure for the study of chronic occupational disease. Seixas N.S., Robins T.G., Becker M., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1993, Vol.137, No.4, p.463-471. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

An exponential model for identification of an optimal expression for cumulative exposure to occupational and environmental hazards was developed. When the values of the exponents for concentration and time are allowed to vary, an optimal expression for cumulative exposure may be identified. The approach is flexible, it limits the number of assumptions, and incorporates many of the models generally suggested in the literature. In addition, results may be interpreted to suggest particular pathophysiological mechanisms. The model was implemented with data from a study of coal miners, and the resulting associations between exposure levels and measures of obstructive lung disease were identified. The results demonstrated that this approach to the study of exposure data can improve the association of dust exposure histories with various outcomes over the usual methods for the evaluation of cumulative exposure. However, in the particular data set used, the overall predictive power of alternative models was similar and the interpretability of the results was limited. (63226)

CIS 94-1924 Association of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status with the risk of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Hirota Y., Hirohata T., Fukuda K., Mori M., Yanagawa H., Ohno Y., Sugioka Y.I., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 Mar. 1993, Vol.137, No.5, p.530-538. 35 ref. (In English)

The association of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, occupation, and other factors with the development of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head was studied in Japan during the period 1988-1990, comparing 118 cases with no history of systemic corticosteroid use with 236 controls. The risks of developing femoral head necrosis associated with potential risk factors were estimated by adjusted relative odds. The elevated relative odds were observed for occasional and regular drinkers, with a significant dose-response relation (p<0.001). An increased risk was found for current smokers, but a linear increasing trend in the cumulative effect of smoking was not evident at 20 pack-years or over. A weak but significant dose-response relation was observed for daily occupational energy consumption (p<0.05). The present study confirmed the strong association of alcohol intake and positive association of cigarette smoking and suggested the role of heavy physical work. (63228)

CIS 94-1925 Occupation as a risk identifier for breast cancer. Rubin C.H., Burnett C.A., Halperin W.E., Seligman P.J., American Journal of Public Health, Sep. 1993, Vol.83, No.9, p.1311-1315. 52 ref. (In English)

A data base of 2.9 million occupationally coded death certificates collected from 23 US states between 1979 and 1987 was used to calculate age-adjusted, race-specific proportionate mortality ratios for breast cancer according to occupation. Case-control analyses were performed on occupational groups and on stratifications within the teaching profession. The results showed a number of significant associations between occupation and frequency of breast cancer. For example, white female professional, managerial, and clerical workers all had high proportions of breast cancer death. High rates of breast cancer in teachers were found in both proportionate mortality ratio and case-control analyses. These findings may serve as an aid in the effective targeting of worksite health promotion programmes. They suggest that occupationally coded mortality data can be a useful adjunct in the difficult task of identifying groups at risk of preventable disease. (63237)

CIS 94-1926 New occupational epidemics. Lehtinen S., ed., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1994, Vol.4, No.2, p.27-47 (special issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Special issue of the newsletter devoted to newly identified occupational epidemics, with particular attention paid to the developing world. Articles address: developmental strategies of Finland in the 1990s (Hynninen A.); how to identify new occupational epidemics, using surveillance data and the techniques of epidemiology (Partanen T., Rodriguez A.C., Mwakajinga M.); epidemic poisonings caused by pesticides (Ferrer A., Cabral R.); the potential for local and systemic bacterial infections (Hugbo P.G.); possible re-emergence of tuberculosis among agricultural workers in Cameroon (Djubgang J.N.); new trends in dust exposure in Egypt (Seliem S.R.). (63256)

CIS 94-1927 High sperm density among members of organic farmers' association. Abell A., Ernst E., Bonde J.P., Lancet, 11 June 1994, Vol.343, No.8911, p.1498. 3 ref. (In English)

In a Danish study of reproductive effects of pesticides in male greenhouse workers, an unexpectedly high sperm density was found in members of an association of organic farmers who manufacture their products without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers. This is in contrast to a world-wide decreasing trend of sperm density in the general population. No hypotheses are put forward to explain this finding. (63386)

CIS 94-1928 Studies of pesticide contamination in root-crop farming. (German: Untersuchungen zur Pestizidkontamination bei Hackfruchtpflegearbeiten in Landwirtschaftsbetrieben) Krüger E., Werth B., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Jan. 1993, Vol.28, No.1, p.9-12. 34 ref. (In German)

Dermal exposure pads were attached to the skin of the chest, arms and legs of 61 farm workers spraying root crops with pesticides. The pesticide concentrations found on the pads of workers wearing protective clothing were low. However, concentrations as much as 77.2% in excess of the tolerable dermal dose were found when no protective clothing was worn. Of the 61 workers, 24 had health problems such as headache (23), vision disturbances (11) and dermatitis (2). (63354)

CIS 94-1929 Changes in the central nervous system and their clinical correlates during long-term spaceflight. Newberg A.B., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 1994, Vol.65, No.6, p.562-572. 94 ref. (In English)

Changes that occur in the human central nervous system (CNS) during long-duration spaceflight are reviewed. Effects discussed include: changes in the neurovestibular and sensory systems; CNS changes due to musculoskeletal alterations; sleep disturbances and circadian rhythm; radiation effects on the CNS; fluid and electrolyte influences on the CNS; neurotransmitter changes in the CNS; psychological and behavioural changes. More extensive and persistent changes might be expected with extended stays in space. (63367)

CIS 94-1930 Current status of occupational health in Japan. Takahashi K., Okubo T., Occupational Medicine, May 1994, Vol.44, No.2, p.66-69. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

The administration of occupational health in Japan is reviewed. The legal framework and specific requirements are outlined along with the organization and management of occupational health services, training of occupational health physicians and coverage of the workforce by occupational health services. The Industrial Safety and Health Law requires the appointment of an occupational health physician (OP) for workplaces with 50 or more workers. Training courses for OPs are provided by the Japan Medical Association and the University of Occupational and Environmental Health. The Ministry of Labour plans to establish a network of occupational health centres at prefectural and regional levels within the next seven years. (63333)

CIS 94-1931 Occupational and environmental medicine. Deitchman S., Journal of the American Medical Association, 1 June 1994, Vol.271, No.21, p.1691-1692. 17 ref. (In English)

A brief review of recent developments in occupational and environmental medicine is presented. Topics covered: the need for better occupational health training among new medical graduates; consideration of parents' occupations when evaluating children's diseases; increased risk of hearing loss associated with exposure to both noise and solvents; multiple chemical sensitivity (environmental illness); assessment of both physical and psychosocial factors in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders; infection control in health care facilities; violence in the workplace; adverse health effects of air pollution. (63383)

CIS 94-1932 Occupational health reform in Estonia. (Estonian: Töötervishoiu korralduse Eesti mudel; Russian: Model' organizacii mediciny truda Ėstonii) Kahn H., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1994, No.1, p.6-7 (Estonian), p.18-19 (English), p.28-29 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

Discussion of the new directions in occupational health services undertaken in Estonia since the recovery of independence in 1991. The system is based on 3 main components: company health services; regionally-based occupational health physicians and occupational health centres; specialized hospitals and research establishments. The roles of the labour inspectorate and of newly implemented legislation are also discussed. (63508)

CIS 94-1933 Proceedings of the Symposium on Occupational Health - An essential component of Social and Health Care Policy. Lehtinen S., ed., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1994, No.1, Supplement, 48p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Proceedings of a joint Estonian-Finnish conference held in Tallin (Estonia), 14-15 Jan. 1993. Topics covered: role of occupational health in industrialized countries (Rantanen J.); perspectives for occupational health in Estonia (Kahn H.); trends in health care in Estonia (Ilmoja V.); activities of the National Labour Inspection Board of Estonia (Nermann H.); research into occupational cancer (Sorsa M.); the Finnish model for workmen's compensation (Rantanen J.); modern possibilities for surveying working conditions (Saarinen L.); advanced training in occupational health in Finland (Antti-Poika M.); increasing the role of health care in preventive medicine in Estonia(Krooni P., Lutsoja H.); criteria for diagnosing occupational diseases (Antti-Poika M.); psychosocial problems in planned and market economy countries (Riisalo R.). List of participants. (63509)

CIS 94-1934 Work-site cardiovascular risk reduction - A randomized trial of health risk assessment, education, counseling, and incentives. Gomel M., Oldenburg B., Simpson J.M., Owen N., American Journal of Public Health, Sep. 1993, Vol.83, No.9, p.1231-1238. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

This study reports an efficacy trial of four worksite health promotion programmes in Australia. Twenty-eight worksites were randomly allocated to a health risk assessment, risk factor education, behavioural counselling, or behavioural counselling plus incentives intervention. Participants were assessed before the intervention and at three, six, and 12 months. Compared with the average of the health risk assessment and risk factor education conditions, there were significantly higher validated continuous smoking cessation rates and smaller increases in body mass index and estimated percentage of body fat in the two behavioural counselling conditions. The behavioural counselling condition was associated with a greater reduction in mean blood pressure than was the behavioural counselling plus incentives condition. On average among all groups, there was a short-term increase in aerobic capacity followed by a return to baseline levels. (63236)

CIS 94-1935 Comparison of three methods of estimating odds ratios from a job exposure matrix in occupational case-control studies. Bouyer J., Hémon D., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1993, Vol.137, No.4, p.472-481. Illus. (In English)

A job-exposure matrix consists of jobs on one axis and substances on the other, with the matrix elements describing the likelihood of an individual's exposure to a substance in a given job. The simplest matrix contains binary entries, but it is also possible to envisage continuous variables describing the probability of exposure in a job (probabilistic matrix). In such a case, the options for data analysis include: (1) transforming to binary variables and analyzing as conventional binary exposure variables; (2) analyzing the continuous variables using logistical regression; (3) analyzing the continuous variables using a linear model. Simulations were carried out to compare the ability of the three methods to estimate odds ratios under 36 experimental conditions. The linear model produced unbiased estimates, the logistical model produced somewhat biased estimates at high odds ratios, and the binary model produced systematically low estimates in most experimental circumstances. (63227)

CIS 94-1936 Practices of county medical examiners in classifying deaths as on the job. Runyan C.W., Loomis D., Butts J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.36-41. 7 ref. (In English)

In the USA consistent rules to determine which deaths are occupational do not exist. Fifty seven North Carolina county medical examiners, responsible for more than 50% of all medical examiner cases in 1990, received a questionnaire. Fifty three responded, classifying 22 scenarios as on-the-job deaths and indicating usual classification practices and information sources. Agreement varied among the scenarios, but those involving transportation and non-paid workers elicited particularly inconsistent responses. Some 56% of medical examiners have a general rule for determining on-the-job status, but deaths associated with motor vehicles, farming, and occupations other than the decedent's usual job were classified most inconsistently. The lack of standard definitions of job, work, and on-the-job is apparent in classification decisions. Certain work situations need special consideration. (63263)

CIS 94-1937 New approaches to occupational rehabilitation. (Italian: Nuovi approcci alla riabilitazione industriale) Bazzini G., Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), ed., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, via P. Azzario, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1993. 175p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: ITL 25,000., ISBN 88-7963-016-4 (In Italian)

Collection of 14 articles devoted to anatomical considerations of vocational rehabilitation. Articles of particular OSH interest concern: epidemiological aspects of the relationship of musculoskeletal changes and work; evaluation of functional abilities in occupational rehabilitation; ergonomic evaluation of the industrial environment and its application to pre-employment and "work-hardening" screening; evaluation and prediction of lifting capacity; measurement and estimation of the energy costs of motor activities in rehabilitation and occupational medicine; medical and physical criteria for the prevention of hazards in manual materials movement; an ergonomic approach to low-back pain. (63260)

CIS 94-1938 24th Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health. Keynote addresses. (French: 24e Congrès de la Commission internationale de la Santé au Travail. Conférences thématiques) International Commission on Occupational Health, France, 1993. 175p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English, French)

Keynote addresses from the 24th Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health held in Nice, France, 26 Sep. - 1 Oct. 1993. Topics covered include genetic and occupational hazards; occupational health and reliability of production systems - acceptable risk; from health in the job to health in the environment; immunotoxicology - immunomodulation, allergy and autoimmunity induced by xenobiotics; financial strategy and evaluation in occupational health; assessing occupational exposures in epidemiology studies; transfer of knowledge and technologies in the field of occupational health. (63300)

CIS 94-1939 Emergency action for burns. Chemical Manufacturing National Interest Group, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1994. 6p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

This leaflet describes simple emergency measures which can lessen the impact of burns, with particular reference to workers in the chemical manufacturing industry. Flow charts are provided for the treatment of electrical, thermal and chemical burns. (63302)

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CIS 94-1940 Proportional mortality analysis of wastewater treatment system workers by birthplace with comments on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Betemps E.J., Buncher C.R., Clark C.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.31-35. 26 ref. (In English)

A proportional mortality study was conducted on a large cohort of wastewater treatment system workers who were divided into two groups (immigrants and non-immigrants) by place of birth as reported on their death certificates. The immigrant worker had a significantly higher incidence of stomach cancer, leukaemia and lymphopoietic cancers than would be expected in the US white male population. Immigrant workers also had an elevated ratio for all diseases of the nervous system and sense organs. No cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were found. The American-born workers had an elevated rate of death for arteriosclerotic heart disease compared with the US white male population. Place of birth may present a confounding factor when evaluating exposures in employee groups. (63262)

CIS 94-1941 Employment as hairdresser and risk of ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among women. Bofetta P., Andersen A., Lynge E., Barlow L., Pukkala E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol. 36, No. 1, p.61-65. 24 ref. (In English)

The incidence of ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) between 1971 and 1985 or 1987 was studied on the basis of cancer registry data among women employed in hairdressing or related occupations at 1970 censuses in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. Overall, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for ovarian cancer was 1.18. The SIR was elevated among hairdressers from Denmark and Finland, whereas hairdressers from Sweden and Norway had an incidence close to expectation. In three of the four countries, the SIR was higher in 1971 to 1975 than in later years. The SIR for NHL was 1.2; an excess was seen in Denmark and a decrease was found in Sweden. (63267)

CIS 94-1942 Warts in butchers - A cause for concern?. Benton E.C., Lancet, 7 May 1994, Vol.343, No.8906, p.1114. 8 ref. (In English)

Warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are common on the hands of workers in the meat industry; one particular viral type, HPV7, predominates. Studies have found no relation between the excess prevalence of warts among these workers and a number of factors and it was concluded that some constituent of meat may enhance the effect of HPV7. Other studies have indicated a relation between butchers' warts and an apparent increase in the occurrence of lung cancer found in those who handle fresh rather than chilled meat. Further clarification of these studies is required. (63295)

CIS 94-1943 Farming and prostate cancer mortality. Morrison H., Savitz D., Semenciw R., Hulka B., Mao Y., Morison D., Wigle D., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 Feb. 1993, Vol.137, No.3, p.270-280. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

The study was based on a retrospectively assembled cohort of male Canadian farmers age 45 years or older for the period June 1971 to the end of 1987. The cohort was linked to the Canadian National Mortality Database. A total of 1,148 prostate cancer deaths and 2,213,478 person-years were observed. The study examined the relation between the risk of dying from prostate cancer and various farm practices. A weak, but statistically significant, association was found between number of acres sprayed with herbicides in 1970 and risk of prostate cancer mortality. When the analysis was restricted to farmers believed to be subject to the least amount of misclassification, the risk associated with acres sprayed with herbicides increased (rate ratio (RR)=2.23 for 250 or more acres sprayed; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-3.84; test for trend, p<0.01). No other farm exposure examined was associated with any detectable pattern of increased or decreased risk. (63224)

CIS 94-1944 Occupational injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry, 1980 through 1988. Schnitzer P.G., Landen D.D., Russell J.C., American Journal of Public Health, May 1993, Vol.83, No.5, p.685-688. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

Studies from other countries have identified fishing as a hazardous industry, but little is known about occupational injury mortality related to fishing in the United States. Alaska was chosen for this study because approximately 45,000 people annually participate in Alaska's fishing industry and fishing is thought to be a major contributor to occupational injury mortality in the state. Work-related injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry were identified by means of death certificates and US Coast Guard mortality data. Fatality rates were calculated by using average annual fishing industry employment estimates. For the years 1980 through 1988 a total of 278 fishing-related deaths were identified. The number of fatalities varied by year, with no consistent increasing or decreasing trend. The five-year average annual fishing-related fatality rate was 414.6 per 100,000 fishermen. The majority of those who died were Caucasian men who drowned while fishing. (63234)

CIS 94-1945 Actual medical and ergonomic problems in agriculture in the Ukraine. Kundiev Y.I., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.1, p.3-11. 16 ref. (In English)

Medical and ergonomic problems in the Ukraine agricultural sector are reviewed. Epidemiologic studies have revealed an increase in cardiovascular diseases, particularly among operators of agricultural machines and workers in contact with pesticides. Complications of pregnancy have been identified among women working in greenhouses and in sugar-beet growing. There is a need for an improvement in the hygiene and ergonomic standards of agricultural machinery design and for improvements in pesticide management. (63419)

CIS 94-1946 Logging fatalities in the United States by region, cause of death and other factors - 1980 through 1988. Myers J.R., Fosbroke D.E., Journal of Safety Research, Summer 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.97-105. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

An analysis was made of data on logging fatalities taken from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system for 1980 through 1988; data on 1278 deaths were analyzed. The majority of fatal accidents (65%) affected workers classified as having logging occupations, followed by truck drivers, general labourers and material moving machine operators. Regional differences were observed, with the highest fatality rates occurring in regions of the country where hardwood timber is primarily harvested. The risk of fatal injury did not change greatly during the nine-year period and no significant differences in fatality rates were found between African-American and white workers. (63415)

CIS 94-1947 Lobar pneumonia: An occupational disease in welders. Coggon D., Inskip H., Winter P., Pannett B., Lancet, 2 July 1994, Vol.344, No.8914, p.41-43. 17 ref. (In English)

Analysis of occupational mortality data for England and Wales showed that mortality from pneumonia was consistently raised in welders aged 15-64; the increased risk was attributable mainly to an excess of pneumococcal and unspecified lobar pneumonia. A possible explanation of these findings is that welding fume reversibly increases the susceptibility of the lung to pneumonic infection. There are grounds for lobar pneumonia to be considered an occupational disease in welders. Comment on this report (page 4-5 of the same journal) considers that increased mortality from lobar pneumonia may occur in several metal trades and there is insufficient evidence to discriminate among specific job titles. (63339)

CIS 94-1948 Occupational injuries - Comparing the rates of male and female postal workers. Zwerling C., Sprince N.L., Ryan J., Jones M.P., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 July 1993, Vol.138, No.1, p.46-55. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

To compare the injury rates of male and female postal workers, data on a cohort of 2,337 new postal employees hired between 1986 and 1989 were reanalyzed. The analysis controlled for potential confounding by age, race, smoking status, and drug use. Compared with men, women had an increased relative risk for occupational injuries in each of the three largest job classifications: letter carrier, letter-sorting machine clerk, and mail handler. The relative risks were not constant over time. For letter carriers and letter-sorting machine clerks, the increased risks for women were noted only during the first year of employment (relative risk (RR)=1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-2.67 and RR=2.60, 95% CI 1.31-5.15, respectively). For mail handlers, the increased risks for women were noted only after the first year of employment (RR=2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.15). (63233)

CIS 94-1949 Evaluation of a programme of health measurements and advice among hospital staff. Cockroft A., Gooch C., Ellinghouse C., Johnston M., Michie S., Occupational Medicine, May 1994, Vol.44, No.2, p.70-76. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

In a pilot health promotion initiative, hospital staff were invited throughout one week to attend for health screening and advice. Staff who attended completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle and their health and were randomly divided into groups where they received advice and targets were set for changing their lifestyle or simply received their results. The invitation to attend health screening to help them improve their general health received a positive response but clearly missed some important target groups; health attitudes and beliefs are important determinants of programme participation. Results indicate that while it is difficult to achieve wide participation in health promotion activities, a simple intervention can have useful effects. (63334)

CIS 94-1950 Implementing right-to-know legislation for health care workers in Manitoba: A bipartite sectoral train-the-trainer approach. Elias J.D., Yassi A., Kennedy T., Andres S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1992, Vol.22, p.729-737. 4 ref. (In English)

The development of a programme for the improvement of safety and health in Manitoba health care facilities is described; the programme focused on training related to the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS). A labour-management steering committee was formed to design and implement a train-the-trainer programme to assist member facilities in implementation of the recent right-to-know legislation. Follow-up surveys showed that the programme had achieved its goal with improved understanding of labelling requirements, material safety data sheet interpretation and requirements for hazard control. The format and content of the programme are described. (63452)

CIS 94-1951 The lone worker. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, Jan. 1994, p.A:39:1-A:39:4. (In English)

Guidance is given on safeguards to be provided by employers to ensure the safety of employees working in isolation. Safeguards should include: risk assessment and control; workplace assessment; assessment of suitability and fitness of workers; training; provision of adequate equipment and facilities; supervision; procedures for accidents and emergencies. (63437)

CIS 94-1952 Occupational health services for hospital workers - Who does it best?. Yassi A., Guidotti T.L., Health Care Management Forum, Autumn 1990, p.20-22. 10 ref. (In English)

The provision of occupational health services for hospital workers is discussed. While some hospitals have developed excellent employee health services, most do the minimum necessary. The trend towards more demanding requirements for occupational health services for these workers reflects the growing recognition that the hospital is not a particularly safe working environment. Hospitals and other health care facilities have fallen behind private industry in their capacity to ensure a safe workplace and adequate protection for their employees. It is argued that these institutions need to reassess their occupational health programmes. (63425)

CIS 94-1953 Are the job demands on physical work capacity equal for young and aging firefighters?. Lusa S., Louhevaara V., Kinnunen K., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.70-74. 16 ref. (In English)

The job demands on physical work capacity and the frequency of the fire fighting and rescue tasks were rated by 156 professional fire fighters (age 22-54 years) who responded to a questionnaire. Smoke-diving requiring the use of personal protective equipment was considered to demand most aerobic power. The clearing of debris with heavy manual tools, and roof work set the highest demands on muscular performance and motor coordination, respectively. During the past five years 83-88% of the respondents had performed these tasks on average four times a year. The rating and frequency of the tasks were not significantly affected by age. In other words, the job demands on physical work capacity remain the same throughout the occupational career of the fire fighters. (63269)

CIS 94-1954 Cellular immunity in cosmonauts during long duration spaceflight on board the orbital MIR station. Gmünder F.K., Konstantinova I., Cogoli A., Lesnyak A., Bogomolov W., Grachov A.W., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 1994, Vol.65, No.5, p.419-423. 26 ref. (In English)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was tested in five cosmonauts by intradermal application of seven antigens and a control. In four of the five cosmonauts, reaction scores of DTH-responses below the warning level were noted either during the flight or following landing. Results confirm earlier observations of a decreased lymphocyte function following spaceflights and support the theory of a possibly impaired cell-mediated immunity under stress in association with spaceflight. (63387)

CIS 94-1955 Play your part! How offshore workers can help improve health and safety. Health and Safety Executive, Oil Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iv, 40p. Illus. Price: GBP 3.50., ISBN 0-7176-0786-0 (In English)

This document provides guidance to operators, safety representatives, individual employees and others on how to co-operate to improve health and safety offshore through active participation of the workforce. Contents: why involving the workforce is important; building a good safety culture; how the workforce can be involved; setting and maintaining standards; the safety case; case study - how you can help prevent an accident. (63331)

CIS 94-1956 A study of the occupational hazards of women workers. Society for Participatory Research in Asia, 42 Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi 110062, India, 1991. v, 63p. Illus. (In English)

The results of a study on the health risks faced by women workers in India, particularly in the informal sector, are presented. Findings on health and safety conditions are presented under the headings: accidents; incorrect posture and lifting of weights; problems associated with hazardous materials; respiratory problems; noise; long hours of work; repetitious movements; problems related to technology; mental health; gynaecological problems and problems of repeated pregnancies. Results indicate that women work under very difficult conditions. An annex looks at occupational health hazards among women workers in the stone quarries of Gujarat. (63442)

CIS 94-1957 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing drownings of commercial fishermen. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cininnati, OH 45226, USA, Apr. 1994. 11p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

This NIOSH Alert highlights the risk of drowning among commercial fishermen and emphasizes the need for personal flotation devices (PFDs). While most fatalities are related to vessel casualties, a large number result from falls overboard. A number of case reports of drownings are described and recommendations are made to help prevent falls overboard, to increase the chances of successful rescues from the water and to promote PFD use. Approved PFDs are described. (63428)

CIS 94-1958 Guide for safety with underground services. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, May 1994. 70p. Illus. 11 ref., ISBN 0-477-03541-8 (In English)

This guide outlines the dangers associated with work near underground services and gives advice on how to reduce these dangers. Contents: dangers of electricity cables, gas pipes, liquid petroleum services, oil pipelines, water pipes, sewers and telecommunication cables; safe systems of work; plans; cable and pipe locating devices; safe digging practices; safe systems of work for trenchless methods; new housing developments; installation of new services near existing services; demolition sites. Appendices include legislation and first aid. (63371)

CIS 94-1959 Fatigue in dock work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1993. 2p. (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance on factors to be considered when assessing health and safety risks due to both mental and physical fatigue with particular reference to dockwork. These include: the need for concentration, length of the working day, intervals between working days, shift work, night work. The need for rest days at appropriate intervals is emphasized. (63326)

CIS 94-1960 Safety policies in the education sector. Health and Safety Commission, Education Services Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 9p. 38 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0723-2 (In English)

This document provides guidance on the preparation and implementation of a safety policy for educational establishments. Its objective is to encourage school administrations, students and staff to be conscious of safety matters in all their activities. Contents: legal requirements for a written safety policy; structure of the policy; statement of general policy; organization for carrying out the policy and allocation of functions to individuals; arrangements for carrying out the functions; monitoring and publicizing the policy. A safety policy checklist is included. (63368)

CIS 94-1961 Health and safety in golf course management and maintenance. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. 59p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-0689-9 (In English)

This guide describes the main risks found at golf courses along with measures to safeguard the health and safety of employees and visitors. Contents: management of health and safety (responsibility of the club, training and competence, reporting accidents and incidents); working environment (the course, the golf professional's premises, manual handling, personal protective equipment, electrical safety); machinery (tractors, mowers and other agricultural equipment, power take-off); occupational health (hazardous substances, use of pesticides, noise and vibration). Appendices cover legislation and guidance on course design. (63332)

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CIS 94-1962 Glare - Optimizing illumination of computer aided design workplaces. (German: Geblendet - Raum-Beleuchtung lichttechnisch optimieren bei CAD-Arbeitsplätzen) Appenheimer C.F., Maschinenmarkt, Feb. 1994, Vol.100, No.6, p.28-31. Illus. (In German)

Computer aided design (CAD) workplaces need lighting that is not so strong that it reduces contrast on the computer screen. Yet it must be strong enough to allow reading printed manuals, drawings or diagrams. Glare is to be avoided. Great differences in luminance in the room strain the eyes and may cause headaches. Best illumination is obtained by taking into account not only the layout of the workplace, but also the arrangement of furniture, windows and light sources. German standard DIN 5035 (parts 1, 2 and 7) provides the criteria for optimized illumination of these workplaces. Some of the recommendations of this standard are reviewed. (63353)

CIS 94-1963 The frequency of occurrence and severity of side-effects of immersion virtual reality. Regan E.C., Price K.R., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 1994, Vol.65, No.6, p.527-530. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

In a study to investigate the side-effects of immersion virtual reality (VR), 150 subjects were immersed in a VR system for 20 min. 61% of subjects reported symptoms of malaise, including dizziness, headaches, eyestrain and severe nausea, both during and after immersion. Results suggest a high incidence of self-reported malaise resulting from the use of the immersion VR system. Further research is needed to identify those factors which play a causative role in the side-effects and methods of reducing them. (63366)

CIS 94-1964 Typing risk - Computer keyboards are the stepchildren of ergonomics. (German: Computertastaturen - die Stiefkinder der Ergonomie) Rudolph M.T., c't - Magazin für Computer-Technik, Feb. 1994, No.2, p.42, 44, 46-47. Illus. 3 ref. (In German)

A recent study of 200 office employees in Darmstadt, Germany, confirmed results of earlier studies in Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA: first symptoms of repetitive strain injury (RSI) appear after more than 5 years of keyboard operations. Pains in the fingers, wrist, shoulder and neck are typical. The first ergonomically designed computer keyboards on the market are described. Initial tests seem to indicate that they do not prevent harmful bending of the wrist. (63360)

CIS 94-1965 Winners and losers from computerization - A study of the psychosocial work conditions and health of Swedish state employees. Aronsson G., Dallner M., Åborg C., International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p.17-35. 20 ref. (In English)

Results of a questionnaire survey of 1,738 visual-display terminal showed that work conditions varied considerably, both between groups of users and between men and women. Data-entry tasks and a combination of data-entry and data-acquisition tasks were more common among women. The data-entry group reported a greater number of somatic and psychological problems and contained the greatest percentage of people spending more than six hours per day at a terminal. There appeared to be critical limit of five to six hours per day beyond which the incidence of symptoms rose sharply. Recommendations for preventive measures are presented. (63379)

CIS 94-1966 Health effects related to the use of visual display units. Doll R., National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 81p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-376-9 (In English)

This report reviews epidemiological and laboratory studies relevant to the possible adverse health effects of electromagnetic emissions from visual display units (VDUs). The report concludes: animal and epidemiological studies offer no support to reports of increased spontaneous abortion rates nor of an increased proportion of congenital malformations in women using VDUs during pregnancy; skin diseases do not appear to be caused by electromagnetic fields from VDUs, although existing conditions may be aggravated; there is no evidence that VDU work results in a disposition to the formation of cataracts. A supplementary report reviews studies on electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer. (63403)

CIS 94-1967 VDUs. An easy guide to the regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 18p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0735-6 (In English)

This booklet provides guidance on the British Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-24). Contents: identifying the workers and the workstations covered; training users and assessors; assessing workstations and reducing risks; planning breaks and activity changes; arranging eye and eyesight tests; making sure new workstations comply with the Regulations; keeping users informed. A checklist is included. (63440)

CIS 94-1968 Legislation in practice. Visual display units. (Dutch: Wetgeving in de praktijk. Beeldschermen; French: Législation en pratique. Ecrans de visualisation.) Van der Steen M., Association nationale pour la prévention des accidents du travail (ANPAT), Rue Gachard 88, Boîte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1994. 24p. Illus. 22 ref., ISBN 2-87112-029-3 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-29-X (nl) (In Dutch, French)

The purpose of this booklet is to advise enterprises in the implementation of Belgian legislation concerning visual display units (VDUs). Part 1 retraces the history of relevant legislation on VDUs and employer's responsibilities in Belgium and the EEC. Part 2 discusses the hazards of VDUs: eye troubles, muscle pains, electromagnetic radiation, mental stress. Part 3 deals with the layout of the workplace: proper procedures for purchasing equipment; work organization; hard- and software issues; environment and layout of work stations; training and information. A table summarizes the factors to be taken into consideration for an ergonomic evaluation of work stations. (63512)

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CIS 94-1969 Failure of bags and sheets used in asbestos abatements. Bromwich D., Yau Y.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.42-52. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Plastic films are widely used in asbestos stripping operations as sheets to contain fibres within the operation and to bag and wrap asbestos waste. When the mechanical properties of single samples of seven Australian films were investigated no film passed all tests to British standard 4932:1973. Thicker films with good tensile strength, elongation, tear resistance and burst strength failed impact resistance and tensile-impact strength tests, while thin films had good impact properties. The results of these tests are discussed in terms of failure in the field. The relationship between passing or failing a test and failure in the field is not known. (63465)

CIS 94-1970 Occupational and environmental exposures reported to poison centers. Litovitz T., Oderda G., White J.D., Sheridan M.J., American Journal of Public Health, May 1993, Vol.83, No.5, p.739-743. 9 ref. (In English)

This analysis of 25,368 occupational and 7,565 environmental poison exposure cases in the US for 1988 characterizes the occupational and environmental exposures reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Compared with other poisonings, occupational and environmental exposures were predominantly inhalation exposures rather than ingestions, were more often subacute or chronic, and demonstrated greater morbidity, mortality, and increased use of health care resources. The analysis presents tabular data comparing occupational exposures, environmental exposures, and other poison exposures by substances involved. Data are also presented on frequently implicated substance categories and outcome of exposure, for both occupational and environmental exposures. (63235)

CIS 94-1971 Chlorine gas exposure and the lung - A review. Das R., Blanc P.D., Toxicology and Industrial Health, 1993, Vol.9, No.3, p.439-455. 79 ref. (In English)

A literature review was conducted of the respiratory effects of chlorine. Potential human exposure to chlorine inhalation occurs in a variety of workplace settings, as a result of inadvertent environmental releases, and even in the home. Acute, high-level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucous membrane irritation to pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary function testing can reveal either obstructive or restrictive deficits immediately following exposure, with resolution over time in the majority of cases. However, some of those exposed may demonstrate long-term persistent obstructive or restrictive pulmonary deficits or increased non-specific airway reactivity after high-level exposure. Controlled human exposure data suggest that some subjects may be more responsive to the effects of chlorine gas; epidemiological data also indicate that certain subpopulations (e.g. smokers) may be at greater risk of adverse outcome. (63239)

CIS 94-1972 Assessment of occupational exposure of pharmaceutical plant workers to 5-fluorouracil - Determination of α-fluoro-β-alanine in urine. Sessink P.J.M., Timmersmans J.L., Anzion R.B.M., Bos R.P., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.79-83. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

The exposure of pharmaceutical plant workers involved in drug compounding and drug production to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was studied. 5FU was determined by analysis of air and wipe samples. It was detected in the air (75µg/m³), on the floor (particularly after routine cleaning, up to 630ng/cm²), on persons and on gloves. The uptake of 5FU was established by determination of α-fluoro-β-alanine, the main metabolite of 5FU, in the urine of the workers. Evidence for exposure to 5FU was therefore found. (63271)

CIS 94-1973 Multiple primary cancers after exposure to aromatic amines. (German: Primäre Mehrfachtumoren nach Einwirkung aromatischer Amine) Popp W., Ohndorf U., Stommel P., Vahrenholz C., Norpoth K., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, May 1993, Vol.28, No.5, p.183-191. 78 ref. (In German)

Of 313 cases with bladder tumour due to occupational exposure, 55 had multiple primary cancers. The lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, breast, prostate, colon, nose and haemopoietic system were affected. A close study of 18 cases with multiple primary cancers in other organs than the bladder was conducted. From the case studies as well as the presently available results of animal experiments and epidemiologic studies and the present knowledge of the metabolism of aromatic amines a relationship with occupational exposure is derived. The compensation of these additional primary tumours as occupational diseases is recommended. (63351)

CIS 94-1974 Rapid increase in latex allergies. Forskning & Praktik, 1994, No.3, p.15-18. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

Health hazards of some chemical substances used in medical care are outlined along with protective measures. Hazards discussed include: cytostatic drugs; anaesthetic gases; formaldehyde; eczema caused by working with water and chemicals; disinfectants. Protective gloves of natural rubber can cause contact urticaria and a rapid rise in latex allergies among health care personnel has been reported. Latex dust in the air can also cause asthma and other symptoms of allergy. (63365)

CIS 94-1975 Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in nonsmoking women - A multicenter study. Fontham E.T.H., Correa P., Reynolds P., Wu-Williams A., Buffler P.A., Greenberg R.S., Chen V.W., Alterman T., Boyd P., Austin D.F., Liff J., Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 June 1994, Vol.271, No.22, p.1752-1759. 50 ref. (In English)

A multicentre population-based case-control study to determine the relative risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was carried out in five metropolitan areas in the USA. Tobacco use by spouses was associated with a 30% excess risk of lung cancer. The excess risk of lung cancer among women ever exposed to ETS during adult life in the household was 24%, in the workplace 39%, and in social settings 50%. When these sources were considered jointly, an increasing risk of lung cancer with increasing duration of exposure was observed. (63384)

CIS 94-1976 Eliminating worker exposure to ethylene oxide from hospital sterilizers - An evaluation of cost and effectiveness of an isolation system. Elias J.D., Wylie D.N., Yassi A., Tran N., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1993, Vol.8, No.8, p.687-692. 14 ref. (In English)

Potential sources of worker exposure to ethylene oxide from hospital sterilizers were investigated at a large tertiary health care facility and a number of cost-effective control measures were recommended and implemented. These included use of alternative sterilization methods, isolation of sterilizers from other work areas, local and general ventilation and development of a procedural manual for personnel training. Subsequent air monitoring revealed a significant reduction in ethylene oxide levels. The cost and effectiveness of the system are evaluated. (63423)

CIS 94-1977 Evaluation of waste anesthetic gases, monitoring strategies, and correlations between nitrous oxide levels and health symptoms. Tran N., Elias J., Rosenberg E., Wylie D., Gaborieau D., Yassi A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.36-41. 23 ref. (In English)

The release of waste anaesthetic gases in the operating rooms of a large teaching hospital in Canada was evaluated by personal monitoring of the anaesthetists and scrub nurses and area monitoring at the exhaust grills. Nitrous oxide levels commonly exceeded the current TLV of 50ppm with anaesthetists typically receiving the highest exposure. While a questionnaire survey of operating room personnel and staff on control wards did not demonstrate a correlation between reported health symptoms and nitrous oxide exposure, effects of long-term exposure should be considered. (63454)

CIS 94-1978 Size-selective pulmonary dose indices for metal-working fluid aerosols in machining and grinding operations in the automobile manufacturing industry. Woskie S.R., Smith T.J., Hallock M.F., Hammond S.K., Rosenthal F., Eisen E.A., Kriebel D., Greaves I.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.20-29. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

The current metal-working fluid exposures at three locations that manufacture automotive parts were assessed in conjunction with epidemiological studies of the mortality and respiratory morbidity of workers at these plants. Comparison of the results obtained from personal impactor samples with predictions from an aerosol-deposition model for the human respiratory tract showed high correlation. However, the amount collected on the impactor stage underestimates extrathoracic deposition and overestimates tracheobronchial and alveolar deposition, as calculated by the deposition model. The rank order of cumulative thoracic concentration over subjects' working lives was the same when based on the deposition model as on the basis of the impactor concentrations. However, the cumulative impactor concentration values were significantly higher than the cumulative deposition-model concentration values for the subjects. (63463)

CIS 94-1979 Occupational and environmental exposure of garage workers and taxi drivers to airborne manganese arising from the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in unleaded gasoline. Zayed J., Gérin M., Loranger S., Sierra P., Bégin D., Kennedy G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.53-58. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

Occupational and environmental exposure to airborne manganese was measured for two groups of workers in Montreal, taxi drivers and garage mechanics. In Canada, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl has replaced lead as an anti-knock agent in gasoline and represents a potentially important source of manganese contamination for the population in general and for the chosen groups of workers in particular. Ten taxi drivers and ten garage mechanics wore a personal air sampler for five consecutive working days and two off-work periods. The total Mn on each filter was determined by neutron activation analysis and then converted to atmospheric Mn concentrations. The values obtained varied from 0.004 - 2.067µg/m³, remain well below the established limits for occupational and environmental airborne exposure. (63466)

CIS 94-1980 Study of volatile noxious compounds composition during the use of lubricant-coolant fluids. Balabanowa B., Philipova T., Atanasov O., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.2, p.143-147. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

A method for the determination of volatile compounds in the workplace environment during the use of lubricant-cooling fluids (LCFs) is described. Thermal-oxidative decomposition of two LCFs at 200°C was simulated in a laboratory and resulting volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Substances identified included hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, esters, benzaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, and oxyranes. Monitoring of highly toxic substances during the use of LCFs is necessary for a more complete risk and exposure assessment. (63474)

CIS 94-1981 Working environment evaluation of industrial workplaces with respect to organic solvents. (Japanese: Yūki yōzai toriatsukai sagyōsho no kankyō hyōka ni tsuite) Sakaue Y., Matsui Y., Hinano Y., Harada A., Working Environment, 1 July 1993, Vol.14, No.4, p.52-58. Illus. 4 ref. (In Japanese)

The Industrial Safety and Health Law as amended in 1988 divides workplaces into Control Classes I, II and III on the basis of air monitoring at regularly spaced points over the surface of the work area (A sampling) and at points of emission of pollutants (B sampling). Concentrations of airborne organic solvents were measured in eight types of enterprise, including print shops, woodworking shops, small factories for the manufacture of rubber, electrical or electronic goods and others (160 workplaces, 1504 measurements). The solvents were aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, chlorinated solvents ethyl acetate and dimethylformamide. Only 17% of the measurements put the corresponding workplaces in Control Class III, where immediate action is required. Gravure printing shops and some small manufacturing operations were the most common enterprises in this category. (63561)

CIS 94-1982 A 40-year review of health of workers at a lead reclamation factory. Horiguchi S., Kurosawa K., Endo G., Kiyota I., Teramoto K., Shinagawa K., Wakitani F., Fukui M., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, 10 Jan. 1993, Vol.69, No.1 (Part II), p.1-12. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

Investigators at Osaka City University Medical School have followed the workers at a lead reclamation plant since 1950. This article reviews the evolution of environmental lead levels over the period and relates them to technical progress, legislation and indicators of worker health, such as blood and urinary lead levels and delta-aminolevulinic acid excretion. The overall trend has been one of improvement, although atmospheric lead concentrations still exceed official standards. (63563)

CIS 94-1983 Incidence of respiratory cancer among workers exposed to chloromethyl-ethers. Gowers D.S., DeFonso L.R., Schaffer P., Karli A., Monroe C.B., Bernabeu L., Renshaw F.M., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 Jan. 1993, Vol.137, No.1, p.31-42. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

The purpose of this cohort study was to determine whether workers at a factory in France whose jobs had involved potential exposure to chloromethyl-methyl-ether since 1958 had a higher incidence of lung cancer than co-workers, or others without potential exposure. Lung cancer occurred at a higher rate among potentially exposed workers than among non-exposed workers (rate ratio (RR)=5.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-12.3), or among an external reference population (RR=7.6, 95% CI 4.3-13.5). The average age at diagnosis for exposed cases was 10.5 years lower than for non-exposed cases. There was a positive dose-response relationship. The mean time from first exposure to diagnosis was 13 years (95% CI 8-18). Cumulative dose and induction time were not associated. The rate for the exposed workers peaked between 7 and 13 years after the start-up of the chloromethylation process, and was still above background in 1986, the end of the study period. (63222)

CIS 94-1984 Blood pressure and industrial lead exposure. Maheswaran R., Gill J.S., Beevers D.G., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Mar. 1993, Vol.137, No.6, p.645-653. 27 ref. (In English)

The association between lead exposure and raised blood pressure was examined in a 1981 cross-sectional study of 809 male factory workers. The geometric mean blood lead level was 31.6µg/dL. Unadjusted systolic blood pressure rose with increasing blood lead levels from 127mmHg in men with blood lead levels less than 21µg/dL to 133mmHg in men with levels exceeding 50µg/dL. Following adjustment for the confounding effects of age, body mass index, and alcohol consumption, however, the effect of blood lead on systolic pressure was diminished to 129mmHg and 132mmHg in the respective categories. There was no association between diastolic blood pressure and blood lead. Zinc protoporphyrin levels and years of industrial lead exposure did not raise adjusted systolic or diastolic pressure. The findings are consistent with a weak effect of industrial lead exposure on systolic blood pressure, within the range of exposures observed in this study. (63231)

CIS 94-1985 Decrements in neurobehavioral performance associated with mixed exposure to organic and inorganic lead. Schwartz B.S., Bolla K.I., Stewart W., Ford D.P., Agnew J., Frumkin H., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 May 1993, Vol.137, No.9, p.1006-1021. 48 ref. (In English)

In 1990, 222 employees of a chemical facility that manufactured tetraethyllead were administered a series of neurobehavioural and neuropsychological tests. The range of exposure was 4-119µg/m³ for organic lead and 1-56µg/m³ for inorganic lead in 29 exposure zones. The adjusted mean differences in neurobehavioural test scores were estimated by comparing the average scores of the moderate, high, and highest exposure groups with the low exposure (reference) group. After adjustment for premorbid intellectual ability, age, race, and alcohol consumption, neurobehavioural test scores were poorer as measures of both cumulative lead exposure and exposure duration increased; many of the associations evidenced dose-response relations. Associations were most common in two cognitive and functional domains: manual dexterity and verbal memory/learning. On the affected neuropsychological measures, the groups with the highest exposure averaged scores 5-22% lower than those of the reference groups. (63232)

CIS 94-1986 The epidemiological evidence on the carcinogenicity of beryllium in humans. MacMahon B., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.15-24. 25 ref. (In English)

Review of epidemiological surveys on beryllium compounds and risk of respiratory cancer. Data as far back as 1937 and up to 1989 are reviewed. No studies so far have shown a clear connection between beryllium and cancer. The studies that prove a connection do not take confounding factors, like tobacco smoking, into account. There may be a connection between lung cancer and doses of beryllium much higher than those to which occupational groups have been exposed. This connection is irrelevant to occupational experience in the last three decades. (63261)

CIS 94-1987 Progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after multiple episodes of an occupational inhalation fever. Kales S.N., Christiani D.C., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.75-78. 10 ref. (In English)

A carding machine operator in a synthetic fabric plant experienced marked symptomatic deterioration of obstructive pulmonary disease after multiple episodes of an occupational inhalation fever. Polytetrafluoroethylene was used in the industrial process and polymer fume fever is suspected as a cause of this febrile illness. A state industrial hygiene inspection revealed that major repairs had been performed on an air scrubber system in close proximity to the patient's work area after he had left the plant because of disability. This case provides further evidence that polymer fume fever is not always a benign, self-limited illness, especially when workers suffer multiple episodes and/or have an underlying pulmonary disease. (63270)

CIS 94-1988 Smoking and work-related health. Ide C.W., Safety and Health Practitioner, May 1994, Vol.12, No.5, p.16-19. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

Occupational hazards with which smoking has a synergistic effect are reviewed. Studies have indicated an increased risk of lung cancer among smokers occupationally exposed to certain toxic substances, in particular asbestos, compared to non-smokers. Similar results were found in surveys of tin miners exposed to radioactive materials. Cigarette smokers have a greater than expected incidence of occupational asthma symptoms, while an excess of cancer of the kidneys and bladder has been observed in smokers exposed to occupational causes of these diseases. Implications for health and safety staff are outlined, in particular the need for effective smoking policies. (63296)

CIS 94-1989 Risk of benzene-induced leukemia: A sensitivity analysis of the Pliofilm cohort with additional follow-up and new exposure estimates. Crump K.S., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, June 1994, Vol.42, No.2, p.219-242. 34 ref. (In English)

This reports updates an earlier risk assessment for benzene-induced leukaemia which was used by OSHA in the establishment of permissible exposure limits. The present study was based on mortality data on a cohort of workers employed at two Pliofilm manufacturing plants where there were relatively high exposures to benzene. New risk estimates are derived using follow-up data to 1987 and using new exposure estimates. Results indicate a significant excess of acute myelocytic or acute monocytic leukaemia and a strong dose-response trend. (63362)

CIS 94-1990 Mercury, not sulphur dioxide, poisoning as cause of smelter disease in industrial plants producing sulphuric acid. Koizumi A., Aoki T., Tsukada M., Naruse M., Saitoh N., Lancet, 4 June 1994, Vol.343, No.8910, p.1411-1412. 4 ref. (In English)

Several episodes of "smelter disease" previously assumed to be caused by sulfur dioxide (SO₂) poisoning have been reported in workers replacing pipes in sulfuric acid manufacturing plants. At a plant in Akita, Japan 20 such workers were affected despite wearing either respirators with SO₂ cartridges or face masks with supplied air. Blood and urine measurements confirmed heavy mercury exposure. It was concluded that the illness was caused by inhalation of mercury fumes generated from mercuric sulfate in the piping sludge and by dermal exposure to the sludge. The wearing of encapsulated suits with a supplied-air system is recommended. (63385)

CIS 94-1991 Cancer mortality in workers employed at a transformer manufacturing plant. Yassi A., Tate R., Fish D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.25, p.425-437. 53 ref. (In English)

Examination of mortality data of male workers employed between 1947 and 1975 at a transformer manufacturing plant in Canada revealed no significant increase in overall cancer deaths. There was, however, a significant considerable excess in pancreatic cancer; 11 deaths were found, all but one of which had a latency period of at least 10 years. The plant made extensive use of transformer fluids, some containing polychlorinated biphenyls. Results of earlier studies which found an excess of pancreatic cancer in association with oil exposure and electrical equipment manufacturing are summarized. (63451)

CIS 94-1992 Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Pałczyński C., Jakubowski J., Górski P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.2, p.113-117. 26 ref. (In English)

The symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome are reviewed. The syndrome is an asthma-like bronchoconstriction state which develops after a short-term exposure to highly irritating volatile substances. However, the mechanism of the syndrome is not considered to be of allergic origin. Clinical features include attacks of dyspnoea, wheezing and cough, possibly with hyperinflation of the lungs; symptoms are sometimes preceded by toxic lung oedema. Causative agents are listed. A common cause of the syndrome in Poland is exposure to isocyanates in plumbers heating polyurethane pipes. (63471)

CIS 94-1993 Assessment of the respiratory system in workers occupationally exposed to phosphorite and apatite dusts. Mikulski T., Podraza H., Steciuk W., Święch Z., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.2, p.119-124. 20 ref. (In English)

Subjective, physical, spirographic and chest X-ray examinations were performed on 118 workers occupationally exposed to phosphorite and apatite dust. Exposed workers showed lower mean values of spirometric parameters than the control group. There were no significant differences in physical and radiological examinations or in the occurrence of other negative symptoms of the respiratory system between the exposed and the control groups. It appears that real exposure to phosphorite and apatite dusts was low, although temporarily their concentrations were high. (63472)

CIS 94-1994 Fulminant hepatitis after the inhalation of dichloropropanols. (Japanese: Jikuroropropanoru bakuro go ni okotta gekishō kan'en no ichi rei) Iwasa T., Abe T., Hiramatsu K., Kubori S., Inoue N., Fujishiro K., Koga M., Journal of UEOH, 1 Mar. 1992, Vol.14, No.1, p.67-71. Illus. 2 ref. (In Japanese)

A 59-year-old worker in a chemical plant developed general malaise, nausea and vomiting several hours after cleaning a tank that had contained dichloropropanols. He had no previous history of liver trouble. When the victim was admitted to the hospital, his liver was swollen and the results of blood analysis showed several abnormalities. In spite of therapy, the patient died on the fifth day after the accident. Because 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol were detected in the blood samples taken at the time of admission, the fatal fulminant hepatitis was attributed to exposure to these compounds. This seems to be the first report of such a case. (63566)

CIS 94-1995 Protection by skin protecting creams. (German: Zur Wirksamkeit von Hautschutzpräparaten) Wulfhorst B., Schwanitz H.J., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Feb. 1994, Vol.29, No.2, p.84-92. Illus. 67 ref. (In German)

Various kinds of barrier creams are described, such those used against lubricants, nickel, disinfectants and cleaning agents. Methods for testing barrier creams and the results are given. It is concluded that presently available barrier creams do not provide full protection in all cases. This is mainly true for skin creams applied to prevent contact with allergens such as nickel or chromates. (63357)

CIS 94-1996 Estimating service lives of organic vapor cartridges. Wood G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.11-15. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Procedures were developed for estimating service lives of air purifying organic vapour respirator cartridges, including methods for untested compounds and use conditions (concentration, temperature and airflow rate). Correlations of absorption capacities and adsorption-rate coefficients based on equilibrium and breakthrough curve data were reviewed. These correlations were combined using a reaction kinetic equation to estimate breakthrough times. Even limited breakthrough curve data for one vapour/carbon combination can be used to substantially improve the accuracy of the estimation. Only dry conditions (below 50% relative humidity) were considered. (63461)

CIS 94-1997 Chronic hydrocyanic acid and cyanide intoxications due to electroplating operations?. (German: Chronische Blausäure- und Cyanidvergiftungen durch Galvanikarbeiten?) Borsdorf H., Will W., Zober A., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Jan. 1991, Vol.26, No.1, p.12-16. 19 ref. (In German)

After one month of exposure to potassium cyanide and hydrocyanic acid during electroplating operations, a worker developed dyspnoea, nausea, vertigo, dizziness and irregular heartbeat. He was diagnosed as suffering from chronic hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The literature was studied to verify the diagnosis and its relation to electroplating work. The clinical symptoms agreed with cases reported in the literature. Extremely unfavourable conditions during electroplating combined with smoking and ingestion of cyanide-containing food may produce chronic hydrocyanide poisoning. (63320)

CIS 94-1998 Perinatal outcome among children of men exposed to lead and organic solvents in the printing industry. Kristensen P., Irgens L.M., Daltveit A.K., Andersen A., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Jan. 1993, Vol.137, No.2, p.134-144. 50 ref. (In English)

The study investigated the relation between paternal occupational exposures to lead and solvents and postconception events. Records of 6,251 infants born between 1967-1986 were used in the study. The adjusted odds ratio for early preterm birth (16-27 weeks) was 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-17.4) for infants with paternal exposure to solvents and 8.6 (95% CI 2.7-27.3) for children whose fathers were in the lead plus solvents category. The adjusted odds ratio for all perinatal deaths was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.9) for children with fathers in the lead-exposed group and 1.9 (95% CI 0.96-3.7) for children with fathers in the lead plus solvents group. An increased risk of cleft lip was demonstrated, with interaction between sex and paternal lead exposure: the standardized morbidity ratio for boys in the two subgroups with lead exposure was 4.1 (95% CI 1.8-8.1). Paternal exposure had little impact on birth weight, intra-uterine growth, or total number of birth defects. (63223)

CIS 94-1999 Evaluation of offset printing workplaces by workplace environment measurements and their problems. (Japanese: Ofusetto insatsu sagyōba no sagyō kankyō sokutei kekka to mondai ten ni tsuite) Takizawa A., Aoyagi M., Ota H., Yamada S., Sawada A., Tanaka S., Iida A., Arai K., Sagyō Kankyō, 1 Mar. 1993, Vol.14, No.2, p.52-60. Illus. 9 ref. (In Japanese)

Workplace measurements carried out in various printing establishments between 1980 and 1992 were reviewed. Whereas in the most recent evaluations 80% of the offset shops and 90% of the screen printing shops had acceptable ambient solvent concentrations (Control Class I), only 25% of the gravure operations were so classified. Replacement of chlorinated solvents by hydrocarbon solvents over the years has improved the quality of workplace air, but some workers have higher concentrations of organochlorine compounds in their urine than the atmospheric levels would suggest. This implies that they are exposed by skin absorption when cleaning the printing surfaces with solvent-soaked rags, and that there is a work-environment problem that is not revealed when the Control Classes of print shops are determined. (63567)

CIS 94-2000 Cleanup of dioxins and asbestos in a hospital incinerator - From planning to implementation. (German: Dioxin- und Asbestsanierung einer Müllverbrennungsanlage im Krankenhaus - Von der Vorplanung bis zur Sanierungsdurchführung) Klein F., Bauer J., Krankenhaustechnik, 1993, Vol.19, No.11, p.40-43. Illus. (In German)

Prior to the demolition of a hospital incinerator with asbestos-containing lining, ash and dust samples were analyzed for the presence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). As TCDD concentrations above the tolerated value of 5µg/kg were found, the personal protective equipment selected for the cleanup of the dioxin-containing ash and dust included a reusable overall with gloves, boots and a supplied air respirator as well as a disposable overall worn over the reusable one. All heat-producing demolition methods were banned. For the asbestos cleanup, the incinerator was tightly enclosed with a slight underpressure. (63313)

CIS 94-2001 The sick building syndrome in a hospital - Search for causes in a surgical intensive care unit. (German: Das Sick Building Syndrom im Krankenhaus - Ursachensuche auf einer chirurgischen Krankenstation) Fraisse E., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Feb. 1994, Vol.29, No.2, p.61-66, 69. Illus. 20 ref. (In German)

After the renovation of a hospital, the staff of the surgical intensive care unit complained of symptoms associated with "sick building syndrome". They included irritations of the skin and mucous tissue of the nose and eyes as well as headaches. Extensive investigations, including air analysis and a questionnaire survey and medical examination of the staff, revealed that it was mostly female staff members with daily contact to 4 kinds of cleaning agents who were affected. (63356)

CIS 94-2002 Efficacy of training procedures in implementing a legislated safety programme. Saari J., Hryniewiecki J., Bédard S., Dufort V., Thériault G., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.116-118. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) was introduced in Québec in 1989. Two types of WHMIS training services were offered by a safety association representing manufacturers of transportation equipment: (a) four-hour employee training courses; and (b) two-day trainer training courses. A test was issued to a sample of 862 employees approximately one year after training. On average, the scores were best in plants having employees trained directly by experts from the safety association. The training of internal trainers for companies (type b) produced slightly inferior learning results. (63290)

CIS 94-2003 Comparing regulatory regimes for pesticide control in 22 countries - Toward a new generation of pesticide regulation. Schmidt-Bleek F., Marchal M.M., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, June 1993, Vol.17, No.3, p.262-281. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Some historical developments of chemical control legislation are traced, from specialized laws, such as pesticide acts, to the 1970/1980 generation of generalized legal instruments involving all commercial chemicals. It is then argued that a "cradle-to-grave" assessment will henceforth be necessary. The international implications of the worldwide trade in pesticides are considered. As the use of pesticides has invariably transfrontier effects and since unilateral import restrictions due to environmental quality requirements constitute non-tariff barriers to trade, a high degree of international harmonization is desirable. The results of a comprehensive review in 1990/1991 of the regulatory pesticide management regime in 22 countries are presented, comprising countries from Central and Eastern Europe as well as the industrialized Western countries. Taking all observations into consideration, an advanced prototype legislative framework for pesticide management is proposed. (63240)

CIS 94-2004 Portland cement dust. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Fairhurst S., Phillips A., Gillies C., Brown R.H., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 22p. 33 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0763-1 (In English)

Portland cement, especially when wet, is irritant and/or corrosive to the skin and is a predicted eye irritant. Many cases have been reported of cement dermatitis appearing to arise as a result of skin sensitization to hexavalent chromium in cement. Imprecise studies have recorded that repeated inhalation produces respiratory effects. Mortality studies on cement workers have found no increased incidence of death from non-malignant respiratory disease; the position regarding the carcinogenicity remains unclear. Occupational exposure standards: 10mg/m³ total inhalable dust (8h TWA); 5mg/m³ respirable dust (8h TWA). List of abbreviations. (63349)

CIS 94-2005 Regulated Chemicals Directory 1994. ChemADVISOR, Inc., Chapman & Hall, One Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10119, USA; 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom, 1994. ix, 1714p. Index., ISBN 0-412-05281-4 (In English)

Printed version of the RCD^TM database. Each chemical product subject to regulation at the federal or state level in the USA is given, together with the name(s) of the applicable list(s) or regulation(s). Where the list or regulation includes a specific provision (e.g., an exposure limit or reporting requirement), that is also given. When a product appears in a foreign list, such as Canada's WHMIS Ingredient Disclosure or the German MAK list, the name of the list and the specific provision are also given (information also given for: Australia, Israel, United Kingdom). (63241)

CIS 94-2006 Measures to reduce exposure to diesel engine emissions. (German: Massnahmen zur Minderung der Exposition durch Dieselmotoremissionen (DME)) Pfeiffer W., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2052, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, June 1993. 75p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-329-0 (In German)

Papers presented at this conference held in Erfurt (Germany), 23 June 1992, deal with the following topics: permissible levels for diesel engine emissions (TRK values: technical reference concentration), measurement and exposure to emissions in underground mines, exposure to diesel emissions in public transport, use of electrical vehicles inside plants, emissions by fork-lift trucks equipped with diesel engines, reduction of diesel engine emissions through maintenance, through the use of filters and of ventilation systems. Detailed summaries in English, French, German and Spanish. (63242)

CIS 94-2007 Uniform system for the evaluation of substances (USES), version 1.0. Jager D.T., Visser C.J.M., Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Distribution Office, P.O. Box 351, 2700 AJ Zoetermeer, Netherlands, Jan. 1994. 345, 83p. + 1.44 megabyte 3.5 in. diskette. Price: NLG 150.00. (In English)

USES is a microcomputer-based tool that can be used by central governments, research institutes and the chemical industry for rapid quantitative assessments of the general risks of substances for man and the environment. Although it was developed in the Netherlands under the National Environmental Policy Plan, USES conforms as much as possible to international directives, regulations and recommendations. Data on the physical, chemical and toxicological properties of a given substance are combined with production, use and disposal information to yield a "hazard quotient" that indicates the likelihood of adverse effects occurring. When a set of experimental results is incomplete, USES can estimate missing values on the basis of data for similar substances. (63244)

CIS 94-2008 Pentafluoroethane (HFC 125). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Ave. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 1994. i, 25p. 30 ref. (In English)

Pentafluoroethane is a non-flammable colourless gas that is currently under development as an alternative to chlorofluorocarbons and is not yet available commercially. Its toxicity is very low (the 4h LC₅₀ in rats is greater than 3,928,000 mg/m³ = 800,000ppm). Cardiac sensitization in dogs is observed above 100,000ppm. No mutagenicity or developmental toxicity has been seen in laboratory experiments. No effects on human beings have been reported. An occupational exposure limit (8h time-weighted average) of 1000ppm is recommended by producers. (63247)

CIS 94-2009 Assessment of non-occupational exposure to chemicals. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Ave. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 1994. ii, 99p. Illus. 68 ref. (In English)

Complete risk assessment of new chemicals requires estimation of the extent and effects of exposure in non-occupational as well as occupational settings. Having determined that such exposure to a substance is likely to occur, the assessor should consider whether the exposure will be due to direct use of the substance in a consumer product, or to indirect routes such as air, water or food. In addition to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the substance in question, exposure in the former case depends on the pattern of use of products in which it occurs, while in the latter case quantitative data on release of the substance to the environment and its movement there are essential. Assessment techniques are illustrated with seven case studies. (63248)

CIS 94-2010 Testing for worker protection. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Ave. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 1994. i, 41p. 41 ref. (In English)

This report describes the various types of occupational exposure limits (OELs), the ways in which health may be affected by exposure and the processes used by authorities and company specialists to set OELs. While health risks must be assessed for each substance and preparation in the workplace, an OEL will be required for only a small proportion of them, since many will not become airborne and others will be controlled by the measures used to control major workplace contaminants. (63249)

CIS 94-2011 Toxic treatments - Wood preservative hazards at work and in the home. London Hazards Centre, 3rd Floor, Headland House, 308 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8DS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1989. v, 206p. Index. Illus. 85 ref. Price: GBP 5.95., ISBN 0-948974-05-2 (In English)

This book describes the hazards of wood preservatives and suggests ways to control them. Contents: case studies of illness and death resulting from exposure to wood preservatives and the response of the timber preservation industry; growth of the industry; wood conservation and alternatives to chemicals; hazards at work and their prevention; community and environmental hazards; decontaminating treated buildings; a six-point charter for the control of wood preservative hazards. (63282)

CIS 94-2012 A review of the control of toxic gases within the microelectronic semiconductor manufacturing industry. Cain J.R., Health and Safety Executive, Technology and Health Sciences Division, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Oct. 1993. vi, 19p. 24 ref. (In English)

This report reviews the use, control and monitoring of hazardous substances within the microelectronic semiconductor manufacturing industry with particular emphasis on certain toxic gases. Contents: the UK industry; the manufacturing process and hazardous substances likely to be encountered; use, control and monitoring of hazardous substances (solvents, acids, alkalis, arsine, phosphine, diborane, silane); biological monitoring; waste disposal of toxic gases; prevention of exposure to toxic gases by substitution. (63325)

CIS 94-2013 Scientific Advisory Committee to Examine the Toxicity and Ecotoxicity of Chemical Compounds - Activity reports 1984-88 and 1989-91. van der Venne Th., Aresini G., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1990 and 1992. 2 vols. lxxxi, 198p. and lxxxvii, 186p. Bibl. ref. Price: ECU 22.50 and ECU 25.50., ISBN 92-826-1767-X, ISBN 92-826-4008-6 (In English)

During the period 1984-1988 the Committee reported on the following topics: principles and definitions in toxicology; chemical properties of toys; lead in paints; immunological effects of aldicarb in man and animals; pesticides in drinking water; TCDD toxic equivalency of mixed polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans; water quality objectives. Additional evaluations covered in the 1989-91 report include: cadmium; Alzheimer's disease and the toxicity of aluminium; discharges from the pulp and paper industries. (63340)

CIS 94-2014 Chloroform. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Gardner R., Meldrum M., Brown R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 57p. appr. 130 ref. Price: GBP 10.00, ISBN 0-7176-0764-X (In English)

Deaths have occurred during chloroform anaesthesia either from respiratory depression or cardiovascular effects; delayed deaths have been attributed to hepatotoxic effects. The few poor quality epidemiological reports of occupational exposure confirm the view that the liver and kidney are the target organs of chloroform toxicity in humans. Two cases of toxaemia of pregnancy and eclampsia are reported following exposure to chloroform and other solvents. No information is available on the carcinogenic or genotoxic potential of chloroform in humans. Occupational exposure standard: 2ppm (8h TWA); skin notation. List of abbreviations. (63344)

CIS 94-2015 Chlorodifluoromethane. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Hampton J., Delic J., Cross H., Brown R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 21p. 48 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0760-7 (In English)

Limited information is available regarding human exposure to chlorodifluoromethane and no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding its effects. Animal studies indicate that it has a low acute toxicity; some studies provide evidence for carcinogenic activity and teratogenic effects in animals. Occupational exposure standard: 1000ppm (8h TWA). List of abbreviations. (63345)

CIS 94-2016 Cumene. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Gardner R., Delic J., White J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 17p. 30 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0767-4 (In English)

No human toxicity data are available for cumene. Studies indicate that it has a low to moderate toxicity to animals. Skin and eye irritation have been observed in experimental animals. Occupational exposure standards: 25ppm (8h TWA); 75ppm (15 minute reference period); skin notation. List of abbreviations. (63346)

CIS 94-2017 1,4-Dichlorobenzene. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Fairhurst S., Girling G., White J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 26p. 63 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0766-6 (In English)

Limited information is available on the effects of exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene in humans. In one old, briefly reported study, workers suffered eye and nose irritation when exposed to vapour concentrations of 50 to 80ppm, with more serious irritation extending to the respiratory tract at 160ppm and above. Individual case reports of various disorders, particularly haematological, have also been reported, although the extent of involvement of 1,4-dichlorobenzene is unknown. Occupational exposure standards: 25ppm (8h TWA); 50ppm (15 minute reference period). List of abbreviations. (63347)

CIS 94-2018 Paracetamol. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Gregg N., Rajan B., Wright A., White J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 50p. 118 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0761-5 (In English)

Most of the information on the effects of acute exposure to paracetamol (acetaminophen) are from cases of intentional oral overdosing; death is usually attributed to liver failure. There is no information on inhalation or dermal exposure. Paracetamol is not expected to produce skin or eye irritation and does not have any significant sensitization potential. No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding genotoxic or developmental effects. Occupational exposure standard: 10mg/m³ total inhalable paracetamol (8h TWA). List of abbreviations. (63348)

CIS 94-2019 Criteria document summaries - Synopses of the data used in setting occupational exposure limits. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. x, 88p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-0759-3 (In English)

This document contains summaries of the data considered by the Health and Safety Commission of the United Kingdom in setting occupational exposure limits for 27 substances or groups of substances. The following information is provided for each substance: occupational exposure standard or maximum exposure limit; identity and properties; occurrence and use; exposure evaluation; measurement method; toxicokinetics; health effects in animals and humans; basis for setting the limit; bibliographic references. Glossary. (63375)

CIS 94-2020 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Leichnitz K., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 27.-30. Ergänzungslieferung, Feb., May, Sep. 1994. 260, 248, 246p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-73228-1 (28.Erg.Lfg), ISBN 3-609-73289-X (29.Erg.Lfg), ISBN 3-609-73290-3 (30.Erg.Lfg) (In German)

Updates to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and antipollution laws, and for analysis of process gases. These installments follow those abstracted under CIS 94-651. Supplement 28 includes a model air quality report, the fifth ordinance implementing the Federal Exposure Control Law (Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz), updates of a number of directives on dangerous substances (TRGS) and ILO Convention 148 (1977), incorporated into German law on 12 January 1993. Supplement 29 includes the Ordinance on Prohibition of Chemicals, directives on safety engineering (TRGS 300) and hazardous waste collection (TRGS 520), amendments of other directives, updates of the list of analytical methods recognized by the Federation of Mutual Accident Insurance Associations and a recommendation on quality in occupational safety. Supplement 30 includes the June 1994 issue of the official exposure limit (MAK, BAT and TRK) lists and updates on analysis of air pollutants. (63376)

CIS 94-2021 Triglycidylisocyanurate (TGIC) - Full public report. National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Apr. 1994. ix, 91p. 79 ref., ISBN 0-644-33389-8 (In English)

This report presents a toxicological assessment of triglycidylisocyanurate (TGIC). Limited data are available on the effects of TGIC in humans; allergic dermatitis is the only human health effect reported in the literature. From the results of animal studies and the limited human data available, it is concluded that the chemical is toxic by oral and inhalation routes, is a skin sensitizer, genotoxic and capable of causing serious eye damage. An interim occupational exposure limit of 0.08mg/m³ is recommended. Engineering controls and safe work methods are described along with methods for the detection and analysis of TGIC. (63378)

CIS 94-2022 Questions and answers - Methylene chloride control in furniture stripping. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Sep. 1993. Illus. 7p. 17 ref. (In English)

This leaflet describes the short-term effects of exposure to methylene chloride (dichloromethane) in paint removers (irritation, dizziness and lack of coordination, shortness of breath) and stresses the potential carcinogenic effects and the risk of coronary disease associated with long-term exposure. Proposed exposure limits are outlined along with means of exposure (inhalation, skin absorption) and exposure control methods (exhaust ventilation, safe work practices, protective gloves and face shields). (63388)

CIS 94-2023 Making sense of NONS. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 74p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 9.75., ISBN 0-7176-0774-7 (In English)

This booklet provides a guide to the Notification of New Substances Regulations 1993 (NONS 93) which implements the Seventh Amendment Directive 92/32/EEC (see CIS 92-726). Contents: introduction to NONS 93 (objective, functions of the competent authority, confidentiality, risk and proportionality, requirements of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993); notification of new substances (responsibility for notification, contents of notification, threshold for notification, placing a notifiable new substance on the market, timing of notification, notification process); procedures for notification (notification requirements, special requirements for polymers, transitional arrangements, enforcement); risk assessment. (63389)

CIS 94-2024 Occupational safety & health - OSHA action needed to improve compliance with Hazard Communication Standard. U.S. General Accounting Office, P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA, Nov. 1991. 112p. Illus. 5 ref. Price: free (1st copy), USD 2.00 (further copies), USD 1.50 (discount price if > 100 are ordered). (In English)

This report, submitted to the US Congress, is based on the answers to a questionnaire survey addressed to construction, manufacturing and service enterprises in the US concerning compliance with the Hazard Communication Standard (CIS 89-1417). Major findings: compliance and awareness are less likely among small employers; small employers were able to identify helpful "outreach options"; OSHA procedures to monitor material safety data sheets (MSDSs) are weak; MSDSs are too complicated for most employers. Various recommendations are given to improve compliance rates. In appendix: methodology, sampling and analysis of the responses to the questionnaire; copy of the questionnaire; detailed analysis of the responses; analysis of OSHA's Integrated Management Information system; examples of MSDSs; OSHA's inspection procedures for MSDSs; data supporting figures in the report. (63398)

CIS 94-2025 Hexachlorobutadiene. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 136p. approx. 210 ref. Price: CHF 22.00 (developing countries: CHF 15.40)., ISBN 92-4-157156-X (In English)

Limited data are available on the effects of hexachlorobutadiene in humans. In two cytogenetic studies of occupationally exposed workers from the same plant engaged in the production of this substance, an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed. Limited studies suggest that humans have the ability to metabolize hexachlorobutadiene to toxic metabolites. There is insufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in humans. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (63401)

CIS 94-2026 Tributyltin oxide (bis-[tri-n-butyltin]-oxide). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xiv, 82p. 137 ref., ISBN 3-7776-0566-2 (In English)

Skin contact with tributyltin compounds including tributyltin oxide causes pain and skin lesions; cases of contact dermatitis have also been reported. There are reports of irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract of persons working with tributyltin oxide present in the form of an aerosol. No adverse systemic effects of tributyltin compounds have been reported. (63411)

CIS 94-2027 Butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xv, 116p. 197 ref., ISBN 3-7776-0574-3 (In English)

Only a few studies are available on the sensitizing effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) in humans. In one study it is described as mildly irritating to the skin and moderately sensitizing in human patch tests; contact dermatitis and allergic reactions have also been reported. Animal studies indicate that the substance affects the lungs, liver, kidneys and thyroid gland; contradictory results are available on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproduction disturbances. (63412)

CIS 94-2028 Trichloroethene. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xix, 342p. approx. 670 ref., ISBN 3-7776-0571-9 (In English)

A number of cases of acute occupational intoxication have been reported following exposure to trichloroethene (trichloroethylene); effects include unconsciousness, respiratory symptoms and neurotoxic, hepatic and cardiac effects. Other studies report cases of cardiac arrhythmia and liver and kidney damage. Impaired psychophysiological performance has been observed during human exposure experiments, and skin tests indicate an erythema-forming effect. Carcinogenic effects have been observed in experimental animals. (63413)

CIS 94-2029 Aromatic extracts. CONCAWE, Madouplein 1, 1030 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 1992. v, 29p. 25 ref. (In English)

This report reviews the toxicity and health hazards of aromatic extracts and provides guidance on exposure limits, safe handling, emergency treatment, disposal, and fire, explosion and environmental hazards. Based on the results of animal studies, aromatic extracts must be regarded as potential human skin carcinogens. Prolonged or repeated inhalation of sufficient concentrations of vapour or mist could lead to a benign form of lung fibrosis or possibly cancer of the respiratory tract. Repeated skin contact may cause skin diseases. (63430)

CIS 94-2030 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. Davies C., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 11p. 26 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-0779-8 (In English)

Very little information is available on the human health effects of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride and no conclusions can be drawn from the few studies reported. Animal studies indicate that the substance may be absorbed through the skin and causes irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Findings of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in animals are predicted to be relevant to human health. (63449)

CIS 94-2031 Latest information on ZeSP. Central database on chemical substances and products. (German: ZeSP aktuell. Zentrale Stoff- und Produktdatenbank) Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit - BIA - Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 2nd ed., Mar. 1994. 50p. Illus. (In German)

The central database for information on chemical substances and products called ZeSP is a factual database offering information required by the German Berufsgenossenschaften for preventive action in connection with their use at the working place. Focal topics: resorption of chemicals and their effects on the human body; fire protection, storage and disposal; organizational and personal protection; behaviour in case of danger and first aid; physical and chemical data, hazardous reactions; classification, marking, legislation. The example of styrene illustrates the content of the database. Modes of access through the Berufsgenossenschaften are explained. (63496)

CIS 94-2032 Special NIOSH hazard review. Rubber products manufacturing industry. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Sep. 1993. vi, 15p. 98 ref. (In English)

This review summarizes the adverse health effects of worker exposures in the rubber products industry and examines research needed to prevent these effects. Contents: potential for worker exposure and brief note on current exposure limits; health effects (cancers, respiratory, dermatologic and reproductive effects, injuries, repeated trauma disorders); review of studies to characterize exposures; research needs. (63330)

CIS 94-2033 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing organic dust toxic syndrome. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Apr. 1994. 11p. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

This report describes the risks in agricultural workers of developing organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) following exposures to heavy concentrations of organic dusts contaminated with microorganisms. Current OSHA regulations are outlined along with health effects of organic dust and case studies highlighting examples of ODTS. Guidance is given on precautions to minimize the risk of exposure to organic dusts. (63328)

CIS 94-2034 Exposure limits for substances and products [Denmark]. (Danish: Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer) Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, July 1994, 78p. Illus. Price: DKK 78.75. (In Danish)

This guidance note replaces the one published Jan. 1992 (see CIS 92-724). It reviews the regulatory background, describes how exposure limits (8h-TWA) are established and explains the different sections of the exposure limit tables. The following tables are provided: exposure limits (in ppm and/or mg/m³) for ca. 1100 atmospheric contaminants (gases, vapours and particulate matter suspended in air), with corresponding Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers; existing or tentative exposure limits (in ppm) for ca. 400 organic solvents; exposure limits (in fibres/cm³ or mg/m³) for 36 kinds of dust; calculation methods for exposure limits when several hazardous substances are present; list of five welding-related exposure limits; lists of substances, processes and other factors considered carcinogenic (with reference to relevant documentation); highlights of exposure limit changes since the previous edition of the guidance note; list of expected changes of exposure limits. (63278)

CIS 94-2035 Repainting - Lead-based paint. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, May 1994. 2p. Illus. (In English)

This leaflet describes the dangers of lead-based paints and the effects of lead poisoning, and provides guidelines on the safe removal of lead-based paint and methods of personal protection. (63281)

CIS 94-2036 Guidelines for the medical surveillance of lead workers. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Mar. 1994. 16p., ISBN 0-477-03540-X (In English)

Contents of this guidance document: health effects of lead exposure (neurotoxic effects, effects on the stomach, intestine, kidneys, antifertility effects); estimating lead exposure by health assessment and determination of lead in air; recommended maximum levels of exposure; medical surveillance; notification of blood lead results; suspension of workers with high blood lead levels; blood lead tests and recording blood lead levels; medical evaluations. Glossary. (63299)

CIS 94-2037 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in controlling exposures to nitrous oxide during anesthetic administration. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Apr. 1994. 11p. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

This report describes the health hazards associated with exposure to nitrous oxide during anaesthetizing procedures (antifertility effects, neurologic, renal and liver disease) and defines occupational exposure limits. Guidelines for minimizing exposure include: exposure monitoring, engineering controls and maintenance procedures, good work practices, provision of respiratory protection. (63327)

CIS 94-2038 Protocol for assessing the performance of a diffusive sampler. Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, revised edition, Feb.1994. 12p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 3.00., ISBN 0-7176-0635-X (In English)

This guidance note gives recommendations concerning the number of samples, exposure times and exposure concentrations that should be used for assessing the performance of a diffusive sampler. Laboratory and field experiments are described for the determination of the uptake rate of the sampler under a variety of conditions and examples are provided of the analysis of data from such tests. (63329)

CIS 94-2039 Formaldehyde in air. Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, May 1994. 4p. 17 ref., ISBN 0-7176-0678-3 (In English)

This data sheet describes a laboratory method for the determination of formaldehyde in air. A diffusive sampler is exposed to air for a measured time period. The formaldehyde vapour migrates into the sampler by diffusion and is collected on a strip of silica gel tape coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and phosphoric acid. A stable hydrazone species is formed which can be desorbed by either methanol or acetonitrile and the solution is analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector. The method may be used for sampling over periods in the range 15min to 8h and is suitable for the measurement of airborne formaldehyde vapour in the concentration range 0.1 to 4.0mg/m³. (63377)

CIS 94-2040 Cadmium and inorganic compounds of cadmium in air. Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, June 1994. 12p. 22 ref. Price: GBP 3.00., ISBN 0-7176-0676-7 (In English)

This method for the determination of cadmium and inorganic compounds of cadmium in air updates and replaces MDHS 10 (see CIS 81-1958). The method is suitable for sampling over periods in the range 15min to 8h. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a filter mounted in an inhalable or respirable dust sampler, the filter and collected sample are treated with nitric acid and the resultant solution is analyzed in an atomic absorption spectrometer. Detection limits correspond to cadmium in air concentrations of 1.2µg/m³ and 4µg/m³ for flame atomic absorption spectrometry and 0.024µg/m³ and 0.08µg/m³ for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. (63426)

CIS 94-2041 Approved methods for the classification and packaging of dangerous goods for carriage by road and rail. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 90p. Illus. 17 ref. Price: GBP 9.25., ISBN 0-7176-0744-5 (In English)

These Approved Methods replace the two Approved Codes of Practice entitled, Classification and labelling of dangerous substances for carriage by road in tankers, tank containers and packages (see CIS 94-1408) and Packaging of dangerous substances for carriage by road (CIS 94-660). They relate to the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) Regulations 1994. Section A concerns approved methods for classification (criteria for classification, determination of packing group numbers and determination of most hazardous property). Section B concerns approved methods for packaging (general recommendations; intermediate bulk containers; suitable packagings for organic peroxides, self-reactive substances, infectious substances and particular dangerous goods; comparison with international recommendations and rules). Appendices contain a number of test methods. (63429)

CIS 94-2042 7 steps to successful substitution of hazardous substances. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 24p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-0695-3 (In English)

This guide explains the need for substitution of hazardous substances and presents seven steps for making practical decisions about substitution: identifying hazards and risks; identifying alternatives; evaluating alternatives; comparing the risks of currently used substances with those of the alternatives; deciding whether to substitute; introducing the substitute; assessing the change. (63447)

CIS 94-2043 Asbestos in bulk materials - Sampling and identification by polarised light microscopy (PLM). Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, June 1994. 23p. Illus. 48 ref. Price: GBP 11.50., ISBN 0-7176-0677-5 (In English)

This data sheet describes a method for the sampling and identification of asbestos materials in bulk by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The appropriate sampling procedures are summarized and the subsequent identification of the six regulated types of asbestos is described. Principle: a sample of material is examined by eye and by low-power stereo microscope; observed fibres are tentatively categorized and then positively identified using PLM. The method is suitable for all common asbestos-containing materials. The detection limit is in the order of 1ppm by mass. Glossary. (63448)

CIS 94-2044 Occupational asthma and COSHH. Health and Safety Data File, June 1994, p.G:4:5:3-G:4:5:6. 4 ref. (In English)

The main requirements of the COSHH Regulations for protecting workers in Britain against exposure to hazardous substances, specifically respiratory sensitizers in the case of occupational asthma, are outlined: risk assessment; prevention or control of exposure; ensuring correct use of controls; exposure monitoring; provision of health surveillance, information and training. The symptoms of asthma are described along with treatment and compensation entitlement. A list of substances responsible for most cases of occupational asthma is included. (63408)

CIS 94-2045 Occupational hygiene measurements. (Danish: Arbejdshygiejniske målinger) Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, Oct. 1993, 11p. (In Danish)

Directive with guidelines on how to make measurements and how to report them. Included are requirements pertaining to equipment, different measurement strategies, blood tests, urine tests. Samples of report forms are given. (63280)

CIS 94-2046 The Chemical Advisor CD-ROM. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 1H6, Canada. CD-ROM disk (for IBM PCs or compatibles). Updated quarterly. Price: USD 1350.00 per year (single users). (In English)

CD-ROM based source of regulatory and advisory information about chemicals of occupational or environmental concern. It contains four databases: ChemAdvisor (US and international regulatory information on 9700 chemicals); ChemAdvisor Supplement (descriptive and background information about reference sources used in ChemAdvisor); the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Inventory (equivalent to the 1990 supplement to the 1985 edition); the Canadian Domestic/Nondomestic Substances List (substances used in Canada at the time of the enactment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act + the 1985 TSCA list). (63251)

CIS 94-2047 CASurveyor^TM. Chemical Abstracts Service, CAS Customer Service, 2540 Olentangy River Road, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, OH 43210-0012, USA, 199-. Updated quarterly. CD-ROM disks (for PC/Windows or Macintosh). Price: USD 995.00/disk for a 1yr subscription (USD 1895.00/disk for a network version). (In English)

CAS supplies subsets of its bibliographic database (bibliographic information, chemical identification, abstract, keywords) on CD-ROM covering the three years preceding the issue of the disk. The following disks might be of special interest to OSH professionals: Cancer Chemical Research; Cancer Therapeutic Agents; Chromatography; Hazardous Materials (including also topics such as health physics, industrial hygiene, workplace accidents and workplace fire and explosion hazards); Pollution Control and the Environment; Waste Management and Remediation. (63254)

CIS 94-2048 CASurveyor^TM: Regulatory Compliance. Chemical Abstracts Service, CAS Customer Service, 2540 Olentangy River Road, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, OH 43210-0012, USA, 199-. Updated semiannually. CD-ROM disk (for PC/Windows or Macintosh). Price: USD 1295.00 for a 1yr subscription (USD 1995.00/disk for a network version). (In English)

This CD-ROM contains information on chemicals (including generic names, CAS Registry Numbers and CAS synonyms) and their regulation for substances drawn from the following lists: the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Inventory; the Canadian Domestic/Nondomestic Substances List; the European List of Notified Chemical Substances (EINACS) and the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS). (63255)

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CIS 94-2049 Firefighter fatalities remained low in 1993. Washburn A.E., LeBlanc P.R., Fahy R.F., NFPA Journal, July-Aug. 1994, Vol.88, No.4, p.55-57, 59-70. Illus. (In English)

Tables, graphs and descriptive text show that, although the number of firefighter deaths in the USA in 1993 (77) was 2.2% higher than the 75 recorded in 1992, it is still almost 30% lower than the 107 deaths reported in each of the two preceding years, and less than half the number for 1978 (171). Most deaths occurred at the site of the fire (44.2%) or during response to an alarm (26.0%). Stress was the leading cause of death, with half of the fatalities due to heart attacks. More volunteer firefighters died than career firefighters. Short sub-articles describe boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions, the US Public Safety Officers' Benefits Act (indemnities to families), firefighter deaths in training, illustrative incidents, and the action undertaken by one urban fire department when two firefighters died. (63243)

CIS 94-2050 Welding, flame cutting and soldering as causes of fires - The range of sparks and their ignition potential. (German: Brandursache Schweissen, Brennschneiden und Löten - Reichweite und Zündpotential glühender Partikel) Hölemann H., Worpenberg R., VFDB-Zeitschrift, 1992, Vol.41, No.2, p.79-84. Illus. 14 ref. (In German)

Records of 311 fires involving welding or similar processes and 111 records of a fire brigade were studied to determine the detailed causes of the fires. Approximately 50% of the fires were started by flying sparks from welding, flame cutting or soldering. Ignoring fire protection rules and false ideas about the distances at which sparks are still capable of igniting fires were contributing factors. Experimental determinations of the range and surface temperatures of sparks showed that sparks from flame cutting had temperatures of 1600° to 1700°C at distances of 4m and more. Sparks could fly 10-15m. (63316)

CIS 94-2051 Systematic studies for determining the flammability of vaporized mixtures of water and solvents. (German: Systematische Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Zündfähigkeit fein vernebelter Wasser-Lösemittel-Gemische) Pohl K.D., Leisen K., Von Czerniewicz M., Wilkehl R., Wieneke A., Löbbert A., VFDB-Zeitschrift, Feb. 1994, Vol.43, No.1, p.23-28. Illus. 7 ref. (In German)

The flammability of vaporized mixtures of water with n-butyl alcohol, butylene glycol, ethanol, methylpyrrolidone or n-propanol was tested. The selected substances are used as solvents in lacquers. The mixtures were vaporized with a pressure of 10bar to droplets with a diameter of about 50µm or less. In the ensuing flammability tests, the mists ignited at lower temperatures than was expected from the flashpoints of the unvaporized pure solvents or mixtures of water and solvents. (63317)

CIS 94-2052 Analysis of smoke from burning packing material. (German: Analyse des Brandaerosols von Verpackungsmaterial) Basmer P., Seeger P.G., Bentz J.W.G., Fichtner M., Goschnick J., Ache H.J., VFDB-Zeitschrift, Feb. 1994, Vol.43, No.1, p.31-34. Illus. 13 ref. (In German)

Polystyrene chips treated with a flame retardant are used in packing goods. The composition of the gas and particle phases of smoke from burning chips was determined by experiments. The soot particles were classified according to size. The components at various depths in soot particles were identified. A large amount of respirable soot was found. The outer layers of the soot particles contained a large amount of organic and inorganic bromine compounds. In the gas phase, methyl bromide, which is highly toxic, and the carcinogens benzene and 1,3-butadiene were present in addition to a number of other harmful compounds. (63318)

CIS 94-2053 Experimental studies of the propagation of dust explosions in an experimental silo with explosion vents. (German: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Ablauf von Staubexplosionen in einer Druckentlasteten Versuchs-Silozelle) Höchst S., Leuckel W., Eibl J., Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, Dec. 1993, Vol.65. No.12, p.1488-1490. Illus. 4 ref. (In German)

A series of explosion tests was performed in a 50m³ chamber equipped with a bursting disc or a pressure relief valve. The maximum explosion pressure and the time of its occurrence depended on the location of the ignition source in the chamber. With mixtures of cornstarch and air, the highest pressure occurred when the site of ignition was close to the explosion vent. With mixtures of methane and air, the highest pressure occurred when the site of ignition was close to the bottom of the chamber far away from the explosion vent. (63359)

CIS 94-2054 Explosive reaction of rare earth elements with a halogen-containing solvent. (Japanese: Kidorui genso-fukumu harogen yōzai kongō kei no bakuhatsuteki hannō) Kotoyori T., Ando T., Specific Research Reports of the Research Institute of Industrial Safety, 31 Mar. 1993, No.12, p.15-21. Illus. 2 ref. (In Japanese)

An explosion occurred at a permanent magnet factory in spite of stringent measures to keep oxygen out of a mill in which an iron-neodymium alloy was being ground in a chlorofluorocarbon solvent. While the explosion hazard of trivalent metals such as aluminium in contact with chlorinated solvents is well known, the hazards of the rare earth elements are poorly documented. To verify the cause of the explosion and compile data for the prevention of future accidents, differential scanning calorimetry was performed on powders of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, holmium and erbium in carbon tetrachloride. An exothermic reaction was observed in all cases at temperatures above 200°C. When the halide of an element was present, the reaction was more vigorous and began at a lower temperature, i.e., the reaction is auto-catalytic. (63568)

CIS 94-2055 Ignition hazard evaluation of metal powders. (Japanese: Kinzoku fun no hakka kikensei no hyōka) Matsui H., Specific Research Reports of the Research Institute of Industrial Safety, 31 Mar. 1993, No.12, p.33-38. Illus. 6 ref. (In Japanese)

A shock tube was used to determine the ignition properties (in air) of several metal powders used in new materials, such as high-performance magnets and solar cells. The results were compared with figures obtained by two standard methods (the "small flame" and Hartmann tests). Ignition delay time in the shock tube did not depend on the amount or particle size of the sample, but did depend on its location in the tube. Amorphous silicon, titanium and iron-neodymiuum alloy all had ignition temperatures below 800K. The minimum ignition temperature of metallic silicon was 1150K. Zinc and iron powders did not ignite in the small flame or Hartmann tests, but did ignite at around 1100K in the shock tube. (63569)

CIS 94-2056 Dust explosibility of fine ceramic powders. (Japanese: Fain seramikkusu ko no funjin bakuhatsu kikensei) Matsuda T., Specific Research Reports of the Research Institute of Industrial Safety, 31 Mar. 1993, No.12, p.49-55. Illus. 9 ref. (In Japanese)

"Fine" in "fine ceramic powders" refers both to their quality and their granulation (1-10µm). They have many uses, including abrasives, lubricants and additives to confer strength on various products. Of 29 kinds tested for explosibility in air at atmospheric pressure, 22 were capable of explosion when dispersed in the presence of an ignition source. Carbides of titanium, vanadium, zirconium and niobium gave violent explosions. Tungsten silicide and boride could not be ignited, but the carbide exploded in a test using a pyrotechnical ignitor. Molybdenum boride and silicide and the nitrides of niobium, tantalum and silicon also resisted ignition. (63570)

CIS 94-2057 Release of liquefied gases: Hazard analysis. (German: Freisetzung druckverflüssigter Gase: Gefährdungsabschätzungen) Uelpenich G., Brandschutz, Oct. 1993, Vol.47, No.10, p.696-702. Illus. 40 ref. (In German)

Liquefied gas stored in tanks may explode by ignition of gas leaking from the tank (vapour cloud explosions) or by heating of the tank (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions). Formulae are presented to permit calculation of safe distances and required volumes of cooling water. (63492)

CIS 94-2058 Fires caused by acetylene gas cylinders. (German: Brände von Acetylen-Gasflaschen) Widetschek O., Brandschutz, Oct. 1993, Vol.47, No.10, p.703-708. Illus. 14 ref. (In German)

Five fires and explosions caused by acetylene generators or acetylene gas cylinders and the action taken by the fire fighters are outlined. Further experiments are needed to determine the fire behaviour of acetylene gas cylinders, the best use of explosion venting and the most relevant extinguishing agents. (63493)

CIS 94-2059 A thermodynamic model for coal gas outbursts. Tóth J., Lakatos J., Mining Engineer, June 1994, Vol.153, No.393, p.359-361. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

A thermodynamic model for coal-methane outbursts is described based on laboratory modelling of results of gas/coal outbursts and sorption properties of gas/coal systems. The basic idea of the model is that a potential barrier exists between two equilibria in coal/gas systems; when this barrier is crossed, a considerable amount of energy is released. Development of protection processes requires exact and continuous measuring of the potential barrier and determination of its distribution. An instrument for such measurement is under development. (63381)

CIS 94-2060 Minimum ignition energy of coating powders for electrostatic coating. (German: Die Mindestzündenergie von Pulverlacken für die elektrostatische Pulverbeschichtung) Von Pidoll U., Krämer H., PTB Mitteilungen - Forschen und Prüfen, 1993, Vol.103, No.4, p.329-333. Illus. 5 ref. (In German)

More than 40 coating powders were tested to determine their minimum ignition energies, which depend on the specific surface area of the powder calculated from the particle size distribution. In addition, the chemical composition of the powder, the amount of resin, and the tendency to agglomerate have an influence. The lowest ignition energy, 1.7mJ, was obtained for transparent epoxy coating powders with particle diameters below 25µm. There is no fire or explosion hazard with these powders if they are applied with hand-held spray guns according to EN 50050. (63312)

CIS 94-2061 The fire at Hickson & Welch Ltd. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 42p. Illus. 5 ref. Price: GBP 11.00, ISBN 0-7176-0702-X (In English)

Report of the investigation by the Health and Safety Executive into the fatal fire at the chemical factory of Hickson & Welch Ltd, Castleford, United Kingdom on 21 September 1992. A jet of flame erupted from an access opening on the side of a batch still during a non-routine clean-out operation. The flame cut through an office/control building nearby and also struck a larger office block. The incident could have been prevented if the hazards and risks associated with the operation had been accurately assessed beforehand and suitable precautions taken. The report highlights several important lessons of general relevance to the chemical industry. (63341)

CIS 94-2062 Learning from disasters - A management approach. Toft B., Reynolds S., Butterworth Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 1994. xii, 140p. approx. 160 ref. Index. Price: GBP 25.00. Available from: Reed Book Services Ltd., P.O. Box 5, Rushden NN10 9YX, United Kingdom., ISBN 0-7506-0692-4 (In English)

This volume presents an analysis of the learning processes which occur in organizations following a disaster. Contents: use of systems theory to analyze the complex socio-technical nature of disasters; methodology used in the research; generation of hindsight and the use of public enquiries to draw out lessons from disasters; general and specific factors affecting organizational learning; case studies giving brief descriptions of the events leading up to a disaster and highlighting the fact that both technical and social factors are involved in disaster causation; review of research findings and model of an organizational learning system. (63402)

CIS 94-2063 APELL - Awareness and preparedness for emergencies at local level: A process for responding to technological accidents. (Spanish: APELL - Concientización y preparación para emergencias a nivel local: Un proceso para responder a los accidentes tecnológicos) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Tour Mirabeau, 39-43 quai André Citroën, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1989. 71p. 28 ref., ISBN 92-807-1185-7 (In Spanish)

Spanish translation of a handbook originally abstracted as CIS 91-967. It is designed to assist decision-makers and technological personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous installations, and in preparing response plans to emergencies. Contents: background, scope and operation of the APELL process; community needs for information on hazardous installations; outline of the APELL planning process for the development of an emergency response plan. (63481)

CIS 94-2064 APELL - Awareness and preparedness for emergencies at local level: A process for responding to technological accidents. (Portuguese: APELL - Alerta e praparação de comunidades para emergências locais: Processo de atendimento a acidentes tecnológicos) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), ABIQUIM, Rua Santo Antonio, 184 - 18.° andar, CEP 01314, São Paulo SP, Brazil, 1990. 72p. Illus. 28 ref., ISBN 92-807-1183-0 (In Portuguese)

Translation into Brazilian Portuguese of a handbook originally abstracted as CIS 91-967. It is designed to assist decision-makers and technological personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous installations, and in preparing response plans to emergencies. Contents: background, scope and operation of the APELL process; community needs for information on hazardous installations; outline of the APELL planning process for the development of an emergency response plan. In a special section the integrated disaster response plan of the Brazilian city of Cubatão (PAS/APELL), based on the APELL system, is described in detail. (63482)

CIS 94-2065 APELL - Awareness and preparedness for emergencies at local level: A process for responding to technological accidents. (Turkish: APELL - Bölgesel düzeyde acil durumlar için hazirlikli olma: Teknolojik kazalara müdahale yöntemi) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Tour Mirabeau, 39-43 quai André Citroën, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1988. 62p. 28 ref. (In Turkish)

Turkish translation of a handbook originally abstracted as CIS 91-967. It is designed to assist decision-makers and technological personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous installations, and in preparing response plans to emergencies. Contents: background, scope and operation of the APELL process; community needs for information on hazardous installations; outline of the APELL planning process for the development of an emergency response plan. (63483)

CIS 94-2066 APELL - Awareness and preparedness for emergencies at local level: A process for responding to technological accidents. (Hindi: EPAL - Sthanīya star par āpāt sthitiom se nipatne ke lie jāgaruktā va taiyāri taknīkī durghatnāom se nipatne kī prakriyā) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), National Safety Council, Post Box 26754, CLI Building, Sion, Bombay 400 022, India, 1992. 64p. 28 ref. (In Hindi)

Hindi translation of a handbook originally abstracted as CIS 91-967. It is designed to assist decision-makers and technological personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous installations, and in preparing response plans to emergencies. Contents: background, scope and operation of the APELL process; community needs for information on hazardous installations; outline of the APELL planning process for the development of an emergency response plan. (63484)

CIS 94-2067 APELL - Awareness and preparedness for emergencies at local level: A process for responding to technological accidents. (Arabic: Barnāmaj Abil - Al-tau⁽iya wa al-isti⁽dad lil-tawāri' ⁽ala al-mustawan al-mahalli: Amalīya al-istijāba lil-hawādith al-tiknulujiya) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Tour Mirabeau, 39-43 quai André Citroën, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1992. 116p. 28 ref., ISBN 92-807-1183-0 (In Arabic)

Arabic translation of a handbook originally abstracted as CIS 91-967. It is designed to assist decision-makers and technological personnel in improving community awareness of hazardous installations, and in preparing response plans to emergencies. Contents: background, scope and operation of the APELL process; community needs for information on hazardous installations; outline of the APELL planning process for the development of an emergency response plan. (63485)

CIS 94-2068 Explosives aspects of port emergency plans. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Mar. 1994. 2p. (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance on ensuring that harbour emergency plans can adequately deal with emergencies involving explosions. Contents: types of explosives incidents; specific hazards associated with explosives in each of the six hazard divisions of United Nations class 1 and required emergency procedures; special measures for vulnerable buildings; access to berths; emergency information. (63284)

CIS 94-2069 Carriage of dangerous goods by rail. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iv, 35p. 22 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-0698-8 (In English)

This booklet contains the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1994 (CIS 94-1466) along with general guidance. Contents: construction of freight containers, tank containers and tank wagons; testing, examination and maintenance of tank containers and tank wagons; information relating to dangerous goods to be received by operators; classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous goods; prohibition against overfilling; secure closure of openings, valves and caps; segregation of dangerous goods; safe carriage and security; prevention of fire, explosion and leakage; loading; formation of trains; labelling and marking of freight containers etc.; training for train crews and others; provisions for the carriage of explosives and radioactive material; emergency arrangements. (63374)

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CIS 94-2070 Inter-rater analysis of a classification scheme of occupational fatalities by electrocution. Pineault M., Rossignol M., Barr R.G., Journal of Safety Research, Summer 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.107-115. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

Information on electrocution fatalities in Quebec for the period 1981-1988 was used to determine whether a method originally developed for studying motor-vehicle accidents was adaptable to fatal occupational injury by electrocution. The inter-rater variation between two different researchers was measured to assess reliability of the adapted methodology. The attempt to adapt the original method was successful and the inter-reliability analysis demonstrated the adaptability of the method; variables pertaining to direct circumstances surrounding the electrocution were consistent from one researcher to another. The method may be used in the planning of preventive measures. (63416)

CIS 94-2071 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 19: Repair and overhaul for apparatus used in explosive atmospheres (other than mines or explosives). (French: Matériel électrique pour atmosphères explosives gazeuses - Partie 19: réparation et révision du matériel utilisé en atmosphères explosives (autre que celui utilisé dans les mines ou pour la fabrication des explosifs)) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Sep. 1993. 87p. (In English, French)

This part of IEC 79 provides technical details on the repair, overhaul, reclamation and modification of a certified apparatus designed for use in explosive atmospheres (other than mining applications or explosive processing and manufacture). Sections cover general requirements (definitions, statutory requirements, instructions for the manufacturer, user and repairer) along with additional requirements for the repair and overhaul of apparatus with type of protection "d" (flameproof), "i" (intrinsic safety), "p" (pressurized), "e" (increased safety) and "n" (non-sparking). (63307)

CIS 94-2072 Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for safety. Amendment 1. (French: Appareils électromédicaux - Partie 1: règles générales de sécurité. Amendement 1) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Nov. 1991. 51p. (In English, French)

This amendment contains a first series of revisions to IEC 601-1, second edition, 1988 (see CIS 89-1658). Amendments are specified by page number within each section. (63308)

CIS 94-2073 Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Safety specifications. (French: Lampes à fluorescence à deux culots - Prescriptions de sécurité) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 43p. Illus. (In English, French)

This international standard specifies safety requirements for double-capped fluorescent lamps for general lighting purposes of all groups having Fa6, Fa8, G5, G13 and R17d caps. Contents: normative references and definitions; safety requirements (marking, mechanical requirements for caps, insulation resistance, electric strength, parts which can become accidentally live, resistance to heat and fire, creepage distance for caps, lamp cap temperature rise, lamp minimum overall length, information for luminaire design); assessment by means of manufacturer's records, batch testing and sampling procedures. (63309)

CIS 94-2074 Single-capped fluorescent lamps - Safety specifications. (French: Lampes à fluorescence à culot unique - Prescriptions de sécurité) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 55p. Illus. (In English, French)

This international standard specifies safety requirements for single-capped fluorescent lamps for general lighting purposes of all groups having 2G7, 2GX7, GR8, G10q, GR10q, GX10q, GY10q, 2G11, G23, GX23, G24, GX32 and 2G13 caps. Contents: normative references and definitions; safety requirements (marking, mechanical requirements for caps, insulation resistance, electric strength, parts which can become accidentally live, resistance to heat and fire, creepage distance for caps, lamp cap temperature rise, radio interference suppression capacitors, information for luminaire design); assessment by means of manufacturer's records, batch testing and sampling procedures. (63310)

CIS 94-2075 Dangers of electricity - An introduction. Donnachie P.E., Health and Safety Data File, June 1994, p.C:1:1-C:1:4. 11 ref. (In English)

Hazards associated with the use of electricity are described along with how they can arise and their possible effects. Hazards include: electric shock; electric burn; arcing; fire and explosion; hazards of static electricity. (63407)

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CIS 94-2076 Evaluation of occupational exposure to noise from the hearing conservation point of view. Sułkowski W.J., Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska M., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.2, p.167-175. 20 ref. (In English)

The classification of noise according to parameters considered to be responsible for potential hearing damage is described. Polish and international standards for noise assessment at work and for permissible levels of audible noise, infrasound and ultrasound in the workplace are discussed. Basic instruments for noise measurement are described and methods used for the reduction of exposure to noise and for hearing protection are outlined. (63475)

CIS 94-2077 The relationship between exposure to vibration and symptoms of vibration syndrome. Tominaga Y., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, 1 Oct. 1993, Vol.69, No.10, p.1-14. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

The relationship between vibration exposure and symptoms of vibration disease in 301 workers using various vibrating tools was examined. There was a linear relationship between cumulative dose and symptoms in most cases, although the onset of numbness and white finger did not always occur at the same dose. Operators of sand-rammers in foundries and mine drills showed fewer symptoms than their exposures predicted. The miners' experience probably reflected the protective effect of high environmental temperatures that other investigators have reported. The results for the sand-rammers suggest that the method for calculating exposure (international standard ISO 5349) overestimates the effect of low-frequency (<16Hz) vibration. (63562)

CIS 94-2078 Noise generated by an electronic parts feeder and its abatement. (Japanese: Denshi buhin kyokuki kara no soon to sono taisaku) Kitazawa S., Shimada T., Yanagisawa T., Journal of the INCE of Japan, 1 Feb. 1993, Vol.17, No.1, p.30-33. Illus. 1 ref. (In Japanese)

Vibrating parts feeders are widely used in industry. The type considered here dispenses electronic components. The parts are kept moving through the feed hopper by the vibration of an alternating-current solenoid. In the original design, two feeders each driven by its own solenoid, were mounted on a single base, which rested on the floor. When the two were mounted on a plate that was separated from the base by rubber spacers and were driven by one off-centre solenoid, noise emission was reduced by 14-15dB. (63565)

CIS 94-2079 Work in the cold. Holmér I., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.65, No.3, p.147-155. Illus. 89 ref. (In English)

The methods for evaluating whole-body cooling, extremity cooling, convective cooling due to wind chill, cooling by contact with frozen products and respiratory cooling are reviewed. The effects of cold exposure, such as frostbite, are discussed and the recommendations concerning the lowest permissible temperatures presented in the literature are reiterated. For example, for handling frozen products, a temperature of -1°C is the limit below which protection by gloves is needed. (63315)

CIS 94-2080 From above - Limits of application of water cooling systems in the ceilings of offices. (German: Von oben - Anwendungsgrenzen von Kühldecken zum Klimatisieren von Büros) Külpmann R., Maschinenmarkt, Feb. 1994, Vol.100, No.6, p.24-27. Illus. 5 ref. (In German)

By combination with water cooled ceilings, the required capacity of air conditioning systems can be reduced and costs can be saved. The expenditures for water circulation are less than for air circulation. The maintenance requirements are lower. Different kinds of water cooled ceilings are illustrated and recommendations for the installation are presented. (63352)

CIS 94-2081 Responses to repeated days of light work at moderate temperatures in protective clothing. Solomon J., Bishop P., Bomalaski S., Beaird J., Kime J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.16-19. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

This study assessed workers' ability to sustain work output over four consecutive workdays in encapsulating protective clothing (PC). Six subjects wearing a two-piece PC ensemble cycled at a work rate of 38W in a 29/22°C (dry/wet bulb) ambient temperature. Work continued until rectal temperature (Tre) reached 38.3°C or fatigue forced the subject to stop. Subjects then rested without PC in a 21°C room until Tre reached 38.0°C to simulate micro- or macro-environmental cooling during rest. Work was alternated with rest for a total time of four hours. Contrary to expectations, mean work time did not diminish on succeeding days. Subject responses to the repeated exposures were highly variable and in no case changed significantly from day one to day four. Subjects tolerated well repeated four hour exposures with controlled elevations in Tre. There was no clear evidence of either increased or decreased tolerance of this work-rest paradigm across days. (63462)

CIS 94-2082 Removal of radon daughter aerosols from mine air by filtration. Wake D., Brown R.C., Mining Engineer, June 1994, Vol.153, No.393, p.362-364. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Respirator filters and filtering facepieces were tested for penetration of radon daughter aerosols; tests were carried out in a fluorspar mine and in the laboratory. Respirators with a filtration efficiency high enough for them to be considered suitable for use against toxic dusts generally reduced radon daughter levels by 90% or more, although nuisance dust masks were ineffective. Comparison between on-site tests and tests with a standard aerosol showed that respirators that satisfy an existing standard could be expected to give reasonable protection against radon daughters. (63382)

CIS 94-2083 Exposure to electromagnetic fields in operators of broadcast radio stations emitting at 737kHz to 1602kHz. Aniołczyk H., Zmyślony M., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.1, p.33-39. 6 ref. (In English)

Levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) were evaluated for three groups of workers (operation, maintenance and administration personnel) at five AM radio stations in Poland. Assessments were carried out by conventional and computer-aided methods. A wide range of exposure levels was identified among individual groups of workers. Exposure depended on a particular broadcast station and the type of job performed rather than on transmitter power or the type of protective zones in the vicinity of the transmitter. Highest exposure to EMF was recorded among maintenance workers. (63420)

CIS 94-2084 Leukemia in telephone linemen. Matanoski G.M., Elliott E.A., Breysse P.N., Lynberg M.C., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Mar. 1993, Vol.137, No.6, p.609-619. 13 ref. (In English)

This case-control study examines potential associations between telephone linework and the occurrence of leukaemia with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Workers with lifetime exposure scores to extremely low frequency non-ionizing radiation above the median for the population show an excess of leukaemia 2.5 times higher than workers below the median (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-8.6). Those individuals with a long duration of employment in jobs with intermittent peak exposures may be at a higher risk of leukaemia than those with a constant exposure level. Analyses that allow for a latent period suggest that the risk is associated with exposures that occurred 10 or more years before death. Workers with peak exposure scores to extremely low frequency non-ionizing radiation above the median have odds ratios of 2.4 (95% CI 0.7-9.0) and 6.6 (95% CI 0.7-58) for latent periods of 10 and 15 years, respectively. The data suggest an increasing risk with increasing exposure (p for trend = 0.05) when cumulated scores are based on peak exposure scores. The numbers in this study are small and the differences observed may be due to chance. (63230)

CIS 94-2085 Survivorship models for estimating the risk of decompression sickness. Kumar K.V., Powell M.R., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, July 1994, Vol.65, No.7, p.661-665. 15 ref. (In English)

The applicability of survival analysis for modelling the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) is illustrated by using data from earlier studies of hypobaric chamber exposures. A method for estimating the overall incidence-free survival rates for circulating microbubbles, symptoms and test aborts is described and the results are discussed. Survival analysis is shown to have certain advantages over other methods for modelling the risk of DCS. (63456)

CIS 94-2086 Vibration hazards from road breakers. Hanley P., Health and Safety Executive, Technology and Health Sciences Division, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Feb. 1994. v, 32p. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

Contents of this report: terminology; legislation; road breaker types and application; review of vibration hazards and vibration exposure data; vibration exposure (dose) reduction (control measures, vibration dose, design and use of the tool, reduction of vibration by use of suspended handles); vibration risk reduction (ergonomics, training); state of the art; future research. Appendices include a table of vibration measured on road breakers and relationships between EC Directives and UK Regulations. (63338)

CIS 94-2087 Assessment of compliance with the Noise at Work Regulations 1989. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. 46p. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0798-4 (In English)

This report presents the findings of a survey of employers and others undertaken in 1991/92 to assess the level of understanding of, and compliance with the Noise at Work Regulations 1989 (see CIS 90-21). The study shows that while much has been done by industry to understand the requirements of the Regulations, there appears to be a noticeable gap between knowledge and action, particularly in smaller firms. The report indicates what action HSE intends to take in the light of the findings. (63369)

CIS 94-2088 NOISE-CON 94: Progress in noise control for industry. Cuschieri J.M., Glegg S.A.L., Yeager D.M., Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie NY 12603, USA, 1994. xxvii, 1060p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 95.00., ISBN 0-931784-27-1 (In English)

Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering - progress in noise control for industry held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, 1-4 May 1994. The 165 papers are grouped under the headings: emission - noise sources; physical phenomena; noise control elements; vibration and shock; immission - physical aspects of environmental noise; analysis; legislative requirements. (63405)

CIS 94-2089 Board statement on restrictions on human exposure to static and time varying electromagnetic fields and radiation. McKinlay A.F., Allen S.G., Dimbylow P.J., Muirhead C.R., Saunders R.D., National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. i, 69p. 454 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-366-1 (In English)

This statement concerns revised recommendations issued by the National Radiological Protection Board on restrictions on human exposure to electromagnetic fields and radiation. The recommendations apply equally to workers and to members of the public but not to people who are exposed to such fields and radiation for medical purposes. They are based on an assessment of the possible effects on human health derived from biological information, from dosimetric considerations of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with people and from studies of exposed populations. An accompanying paper presents a review of these data. (63292)

CIS 94-2090 Central index of dose information - Summary of statistics for 1989, 1990 and 1991. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. 3 vols. 29p., 29p., 30p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 5.50 (per volume)., ISBN 0-7176-0654-6, ISBN 0-7176-0655-4, ISBN 0-7176-0656-2 (In English)

These three reports provide an analysis of radiation doses reported for classified radiation workers in Great Britain for 1989, 1990 and 1991. Tables show whole body doses, variation with age and sex and doses for specific organs and tissues. Charts show doses by occupational category. (63305)

CIS 94-2091 Central index of dose information - Summary of statistics for 1992. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 26p. 11 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-0757-7 (In English)

This report provides an analysis of radiation doses reported for classified radiation workers in Great Britain for 1992. Tables show whole body doses, variation with age and sex and doses for specific organs and tissues within each occupational category. The mean dose averaged over all occupational categories was 1mSv; the highest mean dose (14.7mSv) was for underground miners in non-coal mines, for whom the principal source of exposure is radon-222. (63427)

CIS 94-2092 Survey of exposure to hand-arm vibration in Great Britain - Railway maintenance. Bednall A., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 42p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0685-6 (In English)

Results of a questionnaire-based survey of the exposure of railway maintenance staff to hand-arm vibration are presented. Results indicate that during the survey week approximately 20% of such staff made some use of specified powered tools and processes associated with the incidence of vibration white finger. Overall it is estimated that about 5,000 (approximately 4%) of railway staff use hand-held or guided power tools for relatively long periods. Tasks involving the use of ballast tampers, impact wrenches and road breakers are considered to be of the greatest immediate concern. (63285)

CIS 94-2093 Hand-arm vibration. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iv, 62p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-0743-7 (In English)

This guidance document provides advice on the identification and control of hand-arm vibration hazards. Contents: overview of vibration hazards and control programmes (injuries, factors contributing to risk, risk assessment, preventive programme, machinery suppliers); technical ways to reduce vibration; clinical effects and the health surveillance programme; measuring hand-arm vibration. In appendices: purchasing new tools and equipment; objective test methods for diagnosis of hand-arm vibration syndrome; health surveillance questionnaire and guidance notes. (63361)

CIS 94-2094 A practical guide to the determination of human exposure to radiofrequency fields. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3095, USA, Dec. 1993. ix, 233p. Illus. 109 ref. Index. Price: USD 25.00., ISBN 0-929600-35-5 (In English)

Contents of this guide: introduction to the radiofrequency spectrum; explanation of terms and units; electromagnetic fields and their interaction with materials and objects; dosimetry; concepts underlying measurements of electric fields, magnetic fields and specific absorption rate; procedures for evaluation of exposure; instruments and measurement techniques; recommended areas for further research and technical or engineering development. In appendices: hazard evaluation procedures for common sources; examples of radiofrequency exposure determination. (63414)

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CIS 94-2095 Transtympanic facial nerve injury in welders. Panosian M.S., Dutcher P.O., Occupational Medicine, May 1994, Vol.44, No.2, p.99-101. 8 ref. (In English)

Two cases of facial nerve paralysis following ear injury from molten metal or hot sparks produced during welding procedures are described. While the risk of such injury is small, the effects can be significant. The conventional welder's visor helmet, when worn correctly, shields the ear against sparks from the front, but when worn open or when working overhead or in cramped conditions, this protection is lost. The use of flame-resistant ear plugs or ear protectors in welding procedures that place the ear at risk would offer added protection. (63337)

CIS 94-2096 Work on the roof - New hazards produced by modern working methods. (German: Arbeiten auf dem Dach - Neue Gefahren durch moderne Arbeitstechnik) Mosimann R., Illustrierte Zeitschrift für Arbeitssicherheit, Dec. 1993, Vol.40, No.6, p.9-11. Illus. (In German)

Pallets of roof tiles heavier than 1000kg are lifted onto roofs by cranes. They are placed on supports which are attached to the roof laths with hooks. Accidents have been caused by the laths or the support structure breaking. A pallet support is presented which avoids these design faults. (63355)

CIS 94-2097 Safe handling of bales. Health and Safety Commission, Cotton and Allied Textiles Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 29p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: GBP 8.00., ISBN 0-7176-0692-9 (In English)

This guidance booklet identifies hazards associated with the storage, transport and handling of bales in the cotton and allied textiles industry and recommends precautions and control measures. Contents: legal considerations; human factors (pre-employment screening, training and supervision); lifting and handling equipment; road transport; bale delivery and unloading; movement of bales on site (mechanical and manual handling); bale storage; bale opening; action checklist. (63409)

CIS 94-2098 Effect of bacterial activity on North Sea concrete. Khoury G.A., Health and Safety Executive, Offshore Technology Information, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. vi, 120p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-0756-9 (In English)

This report describes the results of a series of tests designed to investigate the effects on typical North Sea concrete of acid/seawater solutions at elevated temperatures. Tests were performed on cement paste and concrete specimens. One of the main findings was the formation on the exposed surfaces of the cement paste specimens of a layer of reaction products which helped slow down the rate of attack. Results of the experiments may be used in the development of methods for the prediction of depths of attack for the lifetime of a structure. (63370)

CIS 94-2099 Safety at manually-fed pivoting-head metal-cutting circular saws. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Mar. 1994. 2p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

This data sheet provides guidance for users of general-purpose pivot-head saws where the saw is manually fed into the workpiece. Contents: hazards and risks; mechanical safeguards; noise control; hazards of metalworking fluids and lubricants; operator training and machine maintenance. (63443)

CIS 94-2100 Safeguarding of combination metalworking machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Mar. 1994. 4p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

Contents of this data sheet: hazards and risks of combination metalworking machines; general safeguarding and specific requirements for punching, notching, shearing, cropping and bending; emergency stop; operator training. (63444)

CIS 94-2101 Use of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) fitted with spray equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, July 1994. 2p. Illus. (In English)

This data sheet lists some of the hazards associated with the use of ATVs for the spraying of pesticides and provides advice for manufacturers, suppliers and users on how to eliminate and reduce them. Risk of operator contamination may be reduced by good equipment design, the provision of an instruction manual and the use of suitable spray techniques. (63445)

CIS 94-2102 Selecting and using equipment for All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, July 1994. 2p. (In English)

This data sheet provides advice on how to use all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) safely with towed and mounted equipment. Contents: selection and use of towed equipment (weight ratios, braking, centre of gravity, hitching and loads, tyres and wheels, maximum towed weight); requirements for mounted equipment; safe working methods; operator training; head protection. (63446)

CIS 94-2103 Technical rules under the Pressure Vessel Ordinance. (German: Technische Regeln zur Druckbehälterverordnung) Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, Oct. 1993. 283p. Illus. (In German)

Compendium including the latest version of the Pressure Vessel Ordinance originally passed on 27 Feb. 1980 (CIS 80-1198) with all rules of application notified in the Bundesarbeitsblatt through May 1993. The rules cover design, materials, fabrication, installation, operation, accessory equipment, testing, and qualifications of testing personnel. The text of the Equipment Safety Law (Gerätesicherheitsgesetz) as amended 26 Aug. 1992 is included for reference. (63250)

CIS 94-2104 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing scalping and other severe injuries from farm machinery. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 46226, USA, June 1994. 7p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

This NIOSH Alert describes five cases of persons who were scalped when their hair became entangled around the inadequately guarded rotating drivelines or shafts of farm machinery driven by power take-offs (PTOs). Recommendations for the prevention of such injuries include disengaging PTOs and turning off the tractor ignition before approaching the driveline and provision of guards in compliance with OSHA regulations. (63476)

CIS 94-2105 Safety at passenger carrying aerial ropeways. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 11p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: GBP 5.00, ISBN 0-7176-0748-8 (In English)

This guidance notes provides advice on reducing the risk of accidents at passenger carrying aerial ropeways (including cable cars, sky rides, tramways, chairlifts, gondolas and ski-lifts). Contents: legal duties; potential hazards; design and construction; safe access; emergency procedures and communications; construction and maintenance of ropes and drives; rope support towers; car design; operating instructions and procedures; information to be displayed; safety of employees; testing, inspection and examination; maintenance; modification and repair. Glossary. (63342)

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CIS 94-2106 Determinants of blood and body fluid exposure in a large teaching hospital: Hazards of the intermittent intravenous procedure. Yassi A., McGill M., American Journal of Infection Control, June 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.129-135. 23 ref. (In English)

An analysis of all accidental blood and body fluid exposures reported by hospital workers over a two-year period was carried out. Of the 799 reported incidents, 82% were needlestick injuries and 18% were cutaneous or mucous membrane splashes. Groups incurring the greatest exposure were nurses and nursing students (78.8%), respiratory technologists and laboratory personnel, medical personnel and housekeeping, laundry, supply and distribution staff. The study revealed the hazardous nature of the intermittent intravenous procedure and highlighted the need for changes in the design of needles and provision of point-of-use disposal facilities. (63453)

CIS 94-2107 Endotoxin in the occupational environment of bakers: Method of detection. Domańska A., Stroszejn-Mrowca G., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.2, p.125-134. 33 ref. (In English)

Air samples were collected at a large mechanical bakery using aspirators equipped with cellulose membrane filters. Airborne microbial content was assessed by means of sedimentation and aspiration; three species of bacteria were detected. Endotoxin concentrations in flour dust sampled in selected work areas of the bakery were also estimated. Results show that aspiration sampling is necessary for the evaluation of airborne bacterial content. (63473)

CIS 94-2108 Cryptosporidiosis. Hidden in name and nature. Hayes M., Cooper R.A., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1994, Vol.12, No.8, p.16-20. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

The nature of the human diarrhoeal disease cryptosporidiosis is explained along with the need for health education among workers. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by ingestion of oocysts of a protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum; the parasite is predominantly waterborne, but may also be transmitted from animals and other people. Since no effective vaccine is yet available and oocysts are resistant to traditional methods of water sanitation and to many disinfectants, all workers in environments subject to faecal pollution (workers in close contact with animals, water sanitation personnel) should be advised of the risks. (63438)

CIS 94-2109 Stachybotrys atra corda may produce mycotoxins in respirator filters in humid environments. Pasanen A.L., Nikulin M., Berg S., Hintikka E.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.62-65. 19 ref. (In English)

This study examines the growth and toxin production of Stachybotrys atra, a cellulose-decomposing fungus, in two respirator filters with different ratios of cellulose and fibreglass at 78-100% relative humidities of air for 86 days. S. atra grew only in filter material of high cellulose content. It grew slightly at relative humidity 84-89%, but did not produce toxins. Under saturated conditions, it grew and produced satratoxin H regardless of variation in temperature. (63468)

CIS 94-2110 Pests and pestilence: The unrecognised hazards of pests. Jepsen M., Safety and Health Practitioner, Sep. 1994, Vol.12, No.9, p.32-34. Illus. (In English)

Problems associated with pest infestations are discussed in terms of bites and stings, allergic reactions, infections, distress and physical dangers. Control measures include: prevention of access through external doors or walls; installation of bird deterrent systems and electric fly killers; maintenance of high standards of cleanliness around the exterior of buildings; regular inspection by pest control contractors. (63479)

CIS 94-2111 Respiratory health status in swine producers relates to endotoxin exposure in the presence of low dust levels. Zejda J.E., Barber E., Dosman J.A., Olenchock S.A., McDuffie H.H., Rhodes C., Hurst T., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.49-56. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

The respiratory health status of 54 male swine producers was assessed through questionnaires and spirographic measurements. The producers were between 25 and 48 years old and had worked an average 10.7 years in the industry, with an average of 4.7 h/day in the swine barns. Atmospheric contaminants were measured including carbon dioxide, ammonia, total dust, respirable dust, and airborne endotoxin. Endotoxin related to forced vital capacity and endotoxin times h/day was related to forced vital capacity and to forced respiratory volume in 1 second. Respiratory symptoms and lung function did not relate to categories of low, medium and high exposure to respirable dust. However, categories of endotoxin exposure related to respiratory symptoms. Thus, respiratory health status relates to endotoxin level but not to dust level at low dust levels. Control measures should aim to reduce the levels of endotoxins as well as those of dust. (63265)

CIS 94-2112 Isolation, enumeration, and identification of gram negative bacteria from flax dust with reference to endotoxin concentration. Buick J.B., Lowry R.C., Magee T.R.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.59-61. 14 ref. (In English)

To investigate the microbial contamination of flax dust in the linen industry, particularly the gram negative bacteria, (GNB) content and associated endotoxin level, standard bacteriological techniques were used. The results were contrasted with studies in the cotton industry. The microbial flora of cotton and flax is similar but greater GNB contamination, with consequently higher endotoxin levels, was found in flax. Flax byssinosis and cotton byssinosis may share a common microbial aetiology. (63467)

CIS 94-2113 Risk of human parvovirus B19 infections among school and hospital employees during endemic periods. Adler S.P., Manganello A.M.A., Koch W.C., Hempfling S.H., Best A.M., Journal of Infectious Diseases, Aug. 1993, Vol.168, No.2, p.361-368. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

Risk factors for human parvovirus B19 infections for hospital and school employees were identified during an endemic period. By serological testing, 2,730 employees of 135 schools in three school systems and 751 employees of a hospital were monitored. Of these, 60% were initially seropositive. After adjusting for age, race, and gender, risk factors for seropositivity were contact with children aged five to 18 years at home (odds ratio [OR]=1.2), at work (OR=1.2), and employment in elementary schools in school system 2 (OR=1.4). Over 42 months, one of 198 susceptible hospital employees seroconverted compared to 62 of 927 school employees. Four factors associated with seroconversion were employment at elementary schools in system 2, contact with children aged five to 11 years at home or with children aged five to 18 years at work, and aged under 30 years. Those in daily contact with school-age children had a five-fold increased occupational risk for B19 infection. (63238)

CIS 94-2114 Morbidity, cost and role of health care worker transmission in an influenza outbreak in a tertiary care hospital. Yassi A., McGill M., Holton D., Nicolle L., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.4, No.1, p.52-56. 19 ref. (In English)

An influenza A outbreak involving 37% of health care workers and 47% of geriatric patients on a ward in a tertiary care hospital was reviewed. The majority of health-care workers became ill prior to detecting the first patient case of influenza, suggesting that nosocomial spread from staff to patients may have occurred. Only 13.7% of the staff and 5.9% of patients had been vaccinated prior to the outbreak. It is suggested that much of the morbidity and costs resulting from this outbreak could have been avoided by increased immunization of staff and patients. (63422)

CIS 94-2115 Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and the workplace. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Nov. 1993. vii, 65p. 71 ref., ISBN 0-644-33202-6 (In English)

These two consensus statements provide advice on education and policies regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B in the workplace. The code of practice provides guidelines for health care workers and others at risk of the transmission of these diseases. Contents: definitions; employee consultation; mode of transmission of HIV and hepatitis B; control program for the prevention of transmission; risk identification and assessment; risk control (engineering controls, safe work practices, information and training, personal protective equipment); monitoring and evaluation; provision of first aid; management of employee exposures to blood or body fluids. (63293)

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CIS 94-2116 Manual handling of loads - Practical guide for occupational physicians. (French: Manutention manuelle des charges - Guides pratiques pour le médecin du travail) Danckaers A.M., Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1994, Vol.31, No.3, p.161-166. Illus. 3 ref. (In French)

A practical guide aimed at occupational physicians concerning backache. After a brief survey of the new Belgian legislation, the following aspects are covered: work-station analysis; factors related to the job, the environment and the worker; determination of maximum acceptable loads; responsibilities of employers concerning information and training; medical examinations. (63500)

CIS 94-2117 Work activities and the onset of first-time low back pain among New York City fire fighters. Nuwayhid I.A., Stewart W., Johnson J.V., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1 Mar. 1993, Vol.137, No.5, p.539-548. 32 ref. (In English)

The role of recent work activities in the onset of first-time low back pain among firefighters was studied. After adjusting for known risk factors and off-duty activities, statistically significant high-risk work activities included operating a charged hose inside a building, climbing ladders, breaking windows, cutting structures, looking for hidden fires, and lifting objects of 18kg or over. Low-risk activities included connecting hydrants to pumpers, and participation in drills. When further adjusted for exposure to smoke, the odds ratios associated with high-risk activities were no longer significant. This, however, does not diminish the role of activities in the onset of low back pain. Instead, it suggests an inseparable role for activities and environmental hazards. To examine this, the risk of low back pain was measured within five work zones sequential in time relative to location and distance from a structural fire. The risk gradually increased as the firefighter moved away from the firehouse. (63229)

CIS 94-2118 Attitudes towards prevention of low back disorders in industry. Hyytiäinen K., Occupational Medicine, May 1994, Vol.44, No.2, p.83-86. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey was carried out among clerical and manual employees to determine their experience of low back pain and their attitudes towards suggested measures for its prevention. Opinions towards preventive measures were positive in both groups. Measures such as daily training of back and abdominal muscles, straightening the back during awkward postures, increasing physical exercise during leisure time and increased information about the structure and loading of the back were considered more effective than measures involving changes at work or passive rehabilitation. Attitudes became more negative with increasing age and with reported experience of low back pain. (63335)

CIS 94-2119 Workload and cardiovascular risk factors in executives and non-executives of the same company. Berg J.E., Høstmark A.T., Occupational Medicine, May 1994, Vol. 44, No.2, p.87-90. 20 ref. (In English)

Aspects of lifestyle and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in blood were compared in 22 executives and a matched sample of non-executives in an insurance company in Norway. Executives travelled more and worked more hours than non-executives, but smoking habits, levels of physical activity, diet habits and blood pressure were comparable in the two groups, as were coronary risk indicators in blood. While results suggest that the executive lifestyle is not associated with an elevated CV risk, the high levels of total cholesterol and of a compound atherogenic index in both groups suggest that continued action by the occupational health service is required. (63336)

CIS 94-2120 The effect of spiked boots on logger safety, productivity and workload. Kirk P., Parker R., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.106-110. 15 ref. (In English)

In a study of the effectiveness of spike-soled (caulked) boots, four loggers were intensively observed at work while wearing their conventional rubber-soled boots and then spike-soled boots. Results indicated that spike-soled boots were associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of slips and had no adverse effect on work methods, physiological workload or productivity. Spike-soled boots are now being promoted for use by loggers in New Zealand as a simple method to reduce slipping, tripping and falling accidents. (63289)

CIS 94-2121 Low-back disorders in agricultural tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration and postural stress. Bovenzi M., Betta A., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1994, Vol.25, No.4, p.231-241. 40 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of low-back pain (LBP) among a group of tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration and postural stress and among a control group of office workers. A vibration dose was calculated for each driver and perceived postural stress was assessed. The prevalence of LBP was greater in the tractor drivers than in the controls and was significantly associated with both vibration dose and postural load. Back accidents and age were also significant predictors for LBP. European and ISO recommendations for exposure to whole body vibration are discussed. (63459)

CIS 94-2122 Health and social effects of shift schedule changes on shift workers. (German: Gesundheitliche und soziale Auswirkungen von Schichtplanumstellungen auf die Schichtarbeiter) Hornberger S., Knauth P., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Dec. 1993, Vol.47, No.4, p.206-212. Illus. 10 ref. (In German)

Five groups of shift workers in the chemical industry were changed to three new schedules of shift rotation marked by a fast rotation between early, late and night shifts with rest periods of different lengths. A questionnaire survey of the workers revealed that the majority favoured the new schedules, The changes in the frequency of fatigue, insomnia, gastrointestinal and psychosomatic disorders and the impact on the workers' social life of the new shift schedule are described. Summaries in English and German. (63358)

CIS 94-2123 Repetitive motion disorders: The design of optimal rate-rest profiles. Fisher D.L., Andres R.O., Airth D., Smith S.S., Human Factors, June 1993, Vol.35, No.2, p.283-304. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

Repetitive jobs are characterized by cycles of stress and recovery during work periods, interspersed with rest breaks. Equations were derived to describe trauma as a function of time, increasing during the stress phase of the work cycle and decreasing during the recovery phase and rest breaks. Avoidance of repetitive strain injury is thus a matter of ensuring that the cumulative trauma at the end of a recovery phase does not exceed a critical level. Real-world values for the constants and variables in the mathematical model were obtained for the task of packing folded boxes into shipping containers. The cumulative trauma at the end of each stress-recovery cycle exceeded the critical value under the prevailing conditions. The equations showed how to alter the rhythm of work so as to achieve both a reduction in cumulative trauma and an increase in productivity. (63245)

CIS 94-2124 Psychomotor capacity and occurrence of wrist tenosynovitis. Viikari-Juntura E., Hietanen M., Kurppa K., Huuskonen M., Kuosma E., Mutanen P., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.57-60. 17 ref. (In English)

A case-referent study was carried out among meat cutters, sausage makers, and packers in a large meat-processing plant to investigate the association between psychomotor capacity and occurrence of tenosynovitis. Reaction time, movement time, manual dexterity, visual attention and visuospatial ability were measured in 26 cases with a history of two or more episodes of tenosynovitis and 26 controls matched for sex, occupation, age, and job seniority with no episodes of the disease. No differences were found between the cases and the controls in any of the tests of psychomotor capacity. Thus, psychomotor capacity, as measured with the tests of this study, is a poor predictor of wrist tenosynovitis. (63266)

CIS 94-2125 Subject-based rating of hand-wrist stressors. Harber P., Hsu P., Peña L., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.84-89. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Subject-based rating (SBR) methods have been applied to lifting and exertion estimation. SBR methods were applied to hand-wrist motions in this controlled experimental study of rapid motion. Seven normal volunteers performed lift actions with several combinations of wrist positions, repetition frequency, force, and grip type using an experimental apparatus. Wrist position and frequency were confirmed using an electrogoniometer. Subjects rated the tasks along 5 scales. Grip type had the predominant effect on the subjective ratings. The other factors were also rated, but cycle times between 3 and 8 seconds were not differentiated. SBR does validly reflect actual stressors and may be useful for screening jobs for intensive study. (63272)

CIS 94-2126 Musculoskeletal disorders in hospital nurses: A comparison between two hospitals. Larese F., Fiorito A., Ergonomics, July 1994, Vol. 37, No. 7, p.1205-1211. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

Nursing staff members of an urban general hospital (GH) and a small oncological department (OD) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), the specific disabilities, accidents at work and working time lost. All subjects had a medical examination to evaluate osteoarticular disease. In the previous year 48% GH and 33% OD nurses reported back pain due to work, 29.4% and 16.1% respectively had X-ray or orthopaedic examinations and 19.2% and 9.1% had been away from work because of back pain. The analysis of musculoskeletal pain sites and working tasks in the two groups showed no differences in distribution. The nurse/patient ratios were 0.57 and 1.27 respectively in GH and OD. Work tasks and particularly the nurse/patient ratio seem to be more important factors than age and length of exposure. (63276)

CIS 94-2127 Office safety. The case for active rest pauses. Aitken R.S., Safety and Health Practitioner, May 1994, Vol.12, No.5, p.25-29. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

A number of studies have shown that users of display screen equipment undergo visual and muscular stress and fatigue. The provision of breaks and exercises have been shown to have benefits for both productivity and health in such workers. Recommendations are given for a suitable rest break system including micropauses, short and long pauses, workstation exercises and health and safety information. (63297)

CIS 94-2128 The use of turnover rate as a passive surveillance indicator for potential low back disorders. Lavender S.A., Marras W.S., Ergonomics, June 1994, Vol.37, No.6, p.971-978. 10 ref. (In English)

Data on trunk motions, back injury rate and turnover rate in repetitive manual material handling jobs were analyzed in order to evaluate the relationship between jobs showing a turnover rate and low back cumulative trauma disorders (LB-CTD). A model was used to determine whether jobs with turnover resemble those with a high historical risk of LB-CTD. The analysis indicates that jobs with turnover will probably contain components similar to those found in high LB-CTD jobs. Turnover may therefore serve as a forecasting tool, thus making it useful for surveillance programmes. (63417)

CIS 94-2129 The design and implementation of non-verbal auditory warnings. Edworthy J., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1994, Vol.25, No.4, p.202-210. 38 ref. (In English)

Problems associated with the use of non-verbal auditory warnings in the workplace are discussed and the guidelines and research that have addressed the central issues of correct loudness levels and psychological appropriateness are reviewed and evaluated. It is argued that a proper ergonomics approach to auditory warning design and implementation is required. A number of projects in which advanced, ergonomic auditory warning systems have been developed are described in detail and some new research questions are proposed. (63457)

CIS 94-2130 Prevention of lower-back pain in the work place: A checklist for the evaluation of needs. (French: Prévention des risques dorso-lombaires en milieu de travail: grille d'évaluation des besoins) Mairiaux P., Van Damme J., Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1994, Vol.31, No.3, p.155-159. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

This document applies ergonomic principles to the analysis of the problem of back pain in workplaces where complaints have occurred. Six stages are foreseen, three of which concern preliminary analysis (analysis of the complaint, data collection, re-evaluation of the complaint in the light of data) and three concern workplace analysis (job analysis, evaluation of working conditions, identification of risk factors). (63499)

CIS 94-2131 Investigation of VDT users' subjective symptoms and the factors influencing them. Analysis by log-linear models. (Japanese: VDT sagyō ni tomonau jikaku shōjō ni eikyō o oyobosu inshi no kento. Taisū-senkei moderu ni yoru kaiseki) Shima M., Nitta Y., Iwasaki A., Adachi M., Japanese Journal of Hygiene - Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 15 Feb. 1993, Vol.47, No.6, p.1032-1040. Illus. 31 ref. (In Japanese)

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 249 university clerical workers. Data on 13 visual complaints, four musculoskeletal complaints and headache were tabulated, together with data on the number of hours per day and days per week spent on work with video display terminals. In terms of use per day, there was a significant difference between the prevalence of complaints among non-users and users of VDTs, but no difference between light-use (1-3h) and heavy-use (4h or more) groups. In terms of weekly use, visual complaints increased with intensity (1-2 days, 3-4 days and 5 days or more), but an elevated prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was seen only in the 5+ day group). The relation of complaints to workload is discussed. (63564)

CIS 94-2132 Isokinetic trunk testing and employment. Dueker J.A., Ritchie S.M., Knox T.J., Rose S.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.42-48. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

Isokinetic trunk testing is often performed to evaluate ability to perform job tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of isokinetic trunk testing in identifying people with limited functional lifting capability and likely future injury potential. Some 230 work applicants for heavy labour in a steel mill underwent job-related lifting ability and isokinetic trunk evaluation. There was no difference between the isokinetic scores of women who did not meet the job lifting criteria and those who did. There was no difference between the isokinetic scores of workers who experienced occupational low back injury and those workers who did not over an almost 6-year follow-up period. In this study isokinetic trunk evaluation was of no value in employee selection. (63264)

CIS 94-2133 Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of employer-issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury. Mitchell L.V., Lawler F.H., Bowen D., Mote W., Asundi P., Purswell J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.90-94. 9 ref. (In English)

A retrospective survey instrument was administered to 1316 workers who perform lifting activities at an US Air Force base to identify back belt use, lifting requirements, injury, and treatment history. Analysis was also performed on costs applicable to providing the belts, treatment of injury, and lost or limited duty work days. Use of a back belt appears to be marginally effective in reducing injuries when controlling for other related factors. Cost analysis over all diagnoses of low back injury shows less intensive treatment and lower cost per injury for workers injured without a belt versus those injured while wearing a belt. It appears that predictors of low back injury are those expected based on risk assumed and that training programs are effective in prevention of problems. However, costs of injury while wearing a belt are substantially higher than if injured otherwise. Therefore, the benefits of back belts based on these findings do not appear to warrant their use. (63273)

CIS 94-2134 Postural stress analysis in industry. Genaidy A.M., Al-Shedi A.A., Karwowski W., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.77-87. 46 ref. (In English)

Observational techniques used to conduct postural stress analysis in industry are reviewed. Techniques are classified into macropostural, micropostural and postural-work activity and the basis for each classification is outlined and evaluated. Continuous and intermittent postural recording techniques are described along with training in postural stress analysis. (63286)

CIS 94-2135 Hand and shoulder ailments among laboratory technicians using modern plunger-operated pipettes. Björkstén M.G., Almby B., Jansson E.-J., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.88-94. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Results of a survey of 128 female laboratory technicians employed by university research laboratories in Sweden indicated that the prevalence of hand ailments was twice that among female state employees in general. Increased risk of hand and shoulder ailments was associated with more than 300h/year pipetting. Based on the assumption of 44 work weeks per year, a permissible exposure level of 1-2h of daily pipetting should be considered. (63287)

CIS 94-2136 Assessment of musculoskeletal and other health complaints in female hospital staff. Bru E., Mykletun R.J., Svebak S., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.101-105. 13 ref. (In English)

A study was made of 586 female employees at a general hospital in Norway. Results of two survey measures indicated that musculoskeletal pain in the back and extremities forms a relatively distinct category of complaints. Other complaints could be grouped as attributable to the lower and upper sections of the digestive tract and to the cardiorespiratory and immune-related functions of the body. Results highlight the importance of choosing a method for the assessment of musculoskeletal pain that is sensitive to the distinction between the upper back, low back and extremities. (63288)

CIS 94-2137 Toward a psychophysiological assessment of dynamic changes in mental workload. Humphrey D.G., Kramer A.F., Human Factors, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.3-26. Illus. 57 ref. (In English)

The feasibility of using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to measure dynamic changes in mental workload was examined. Subjects performed two tasks, monitoring and mental arithmetic, both separately and together. An analysis was made of performance, subjective workload ratings and average ERP data as measured from recordings of electroencephalographic activity. The data are discussed with respect to real-time assessment of mental workload. Results provide tentative support for the use of ERPs as measures of momentary fluctuations in mental workload. (63363)

CIS 94-2138 A computerized method for assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort in the workforce: A tool for surveillance. Saldaña N., Herrin G.D., Armstrong T.J., Franzblau A., Ergonomics, June 1994, Vol.37, No.6, p.1097-1112. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

Perceived musculoskeletal discomfort data were collected directly from 15 rural mail carriers by means of a computerized discomfort assessment system. Most participants in the study found the system easy to learn and to use. The neck, midline back, lower back, back and shoulders and hands were reported as locations of regular discomfort by almost half of the participants; the site of discomfort was related to the tasks. Temporal patterns of discomfort seem to be potentially useful to assess the short term effects of ergonomic and medical interventions in the workforce. (63418)

CIS 94-2139 Work-related and non-work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Johansson J.Å., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1994, Vol.25, No.4, p.248-251. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms was investigated among white- and blue-collar workers at eight metal industry companies in Sweden. The study was based on a standardized questionnaire with an additional question concerning whether or not the symptoms were believed to be work-related. When solely work-related symptoms were included, differences between white- and blue-collar workers' musculoskeletal symptoms became greater and the prevalence of symptoms in both groups decreased substantially. Findings indicate that intervention programmes should include consideration of whether or not symptoms are reported as work-related. (63460)

CIS 94-2140 Investigation of applied forces in alphanumeric keyboard work. Armstrong T.J., Foulke J.A., Martin B.J., Gerson J., Rempel D.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.30-35. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

First, three personal computer keyboards were tested as described by the American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of visual display workstations (ANSI/HFS 100-1988). Second, keyboard reaction forces were recorded while ten subjects typed four alphanumeric sentences on the keyboards. The peak forces corresponding to each keystroke were 2.5 to 3.9 times the required activation forces, indicating that the subjects consistently displaced the keys to their limits. The average of the peak forces for all keystrokes was lowest for the keyboard with the lowest required activation force. Thus keyboard reaction forces can be used as an index of finger forces for keying tasks. (63464)

CIS 94-2141 Workplace use of back belts. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, July 1994. 25p. 21 ref. (In English)

Published literature describing laboratory-based research on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical aspects of back-belt use and results of epidemiological studies were reviewed by a NIOSH Working Group. It was concluded that the effectiveness of using back belts to lessen the risk of back injury among uninjured workers remains unproven and their use is not recommended. The most effective means of minimizing the likelihood of back injury is the development and implementation of a comprehensive ergonomics programme. (63477)

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CIS 94-2142 Organization of work with the harvester. (German: Arbeitsorganisation beim Harvestereinsatz) Hoss C., A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, May 1991, Vol.46, No.11, p.558-561. Illus. 4 ref. (In German)

A questionnaire was administered to 85 operators of harvesters used in forests in the western part of Germany for land clearing. Questions addressed the frequency of headaches, fatigue, shoulder pain, inability to concentrate and the conditions of work, earnings, job opportunities, personal relationships with co-workers and bosses. Those who rotated between several tasks other than operating the harvester had fewer health complaints and were more satisfied with their work than those whose work was confined to operating the harvester. (63319)

CIS 94-2143 Physical, mental, emotional, and subjective workload components in train drivers. Myrtek M., Deutschmann-Janicke E., Strohmaier H., Zimmermann W., Lawerenz S., Brügner G., Müller W., Ergonomics, July 1994, Vol.37, No.7, p.1195-1203. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

Simultaneous recording and on-line analysis of heart rate and physical activity separated the emotional component from the physical in terms of the so-called additional heart rate. Mental workload was estimated by the heart rate variability and from shifts in the T-wave amplitude of the electrocardiogramme, while the speed of the train, the mode of driving, and the stressfulness of the situation were rated by two observers who accompanied the drivers in the cab. At speeds up to 100km/h no heart rate changes occurred, but as speed increased from 100km/h to 200km/h, the heart rate decreased, indicating a monotony effect. However, heart rate variability and T-wave amplitude indicated higher mental load during driving in most speed categories. Starting the train and coming to a halt showed greater emotional workload than moving. Observers' rating of stress and subjective rating of stress by the drivers showed several discrepancies. Discrepancies were also seen between workload as indicated by the physiological parameters and corresponding stress ratings by the observers or by drivers. (63275)

CIS 94-2144 An inquiry into the relationship between job strain and blood pressure in male white-collar workers. Tarumi K., Hagihara A., Morimoto K., Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 20 July, 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.269-276. 28 ref. (In English)

Published studies of the relationship of psychosocial factors at work with hypertension show both positive and negative correlations. A cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between psychological load and blood pressure was conducted among white-collar employees of a company in Japan in June 1991. Eligible male subjects (386 normotensives and 75 hypertensives) were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The correlation was negative: in the case of high job strain, the prevalence of hypertension was low. Those having family history of hypertension tended to have a non-complaining attitude (a fact observed in studies elsewhere) and this seemed to be the reason for the present results. (63314)

CIS 94-2145 Attitudinal, circadian, circumstantial, and subject selection explanations of shiftwork effects on health. Singer B., Terborg J., Mayer S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.66-69. 16 ref. (In English)

The competing explanations for adverse health symptoms commonly observed in night-shift work can be divided into correlational and causational groups. This study monitored health claims and costs over three years for all shifts in seven industrial plants and administrated a survey canvassing a range of behavioural and attitudinal dimensions. Shift workers differed from day workers in symptoms and health claims and in their feelings of support from management, safety attitudes and practices, perceived support from friends and family, alcohol and tobacco use and other dimensions. Because shiftwork was associated with adverse health effects but these other measured dimensions were not, the explanation that health effects are due to shiftwork itself rather than to its attitudinal or demographic correlates is supported. (63268)

CIS 94-2146 Failure to follow safety instructions: Faulty communication or risky decisions?. Zeitlin L.R., Human Factors, Mar. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.172-181. 22 ref. (In English)

Four groups of students differing in tool-using experience and safety orientation were asked to perform work sample activities with an electric chain saw. Dependent variables were compliance with safety warnings contained in the chain saw operating instructions and recognition of those instructions in a post-trial test. Results indicate that safety advice contained in the instructions was effectively communicated but had only a minor effect on compliance. Ways of increasing safety instruction compliance are discussed. (63364)

CIS 94-2147 The human factor. Singleton B.J., Industrial Safety Data File, Dec. 1993, p.J:28:1-J:28:6. (In English)

The role of human beings involved in workplace accidents is discussed from the point of view of management systems rather than the individual. Areas considered include: the company safety culture as determined by management leadership, example and behaviour; recruitment and selection of new employees; safety education and training; awareness of hazards and involvement in recognizing and reporting unsafe incidents or conditions. (63436)

CIS 94-2148 Promoting safety improvements via potential human error audits. Simpson G.C., Mining Engineer, Aug. 1994, Vol.154, No.395, p.38-42. 7 ref. (In English)

The development of a Potential Human Error Audit as a means of targeting accident prevention initiatives in the British coal industry is described. The framework for the audit is based on elements selected from research and the findings of disaster enquiries: the distinction between active and latent failures; classification of human errors as either unintentional or deliberate and skill based, rule based or knowledge based; the concept of performance shaping factors. An overview of the findings of such audits is presented. Post audit improvements at one colliery resulted in an 80% improvement in the accident rate. (63439)

CIS 94-2149 Aircrew wives and the intermittent husband syndrome. Rigg R.C., Cosgrove M.P., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, July 1994, Vol.65. No.7. p.654-660. 12 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey of commercial airline wives was carried out to compare aircrew with groundcrew families. Aircrew wives had a lower sense of well-being than groundcrew wives and those less than 40 years of age had a poorer mood. The similarities with the intermittent husband syndrome described in oil workers are discussed along with the effect on aviator stress, flight safety and the implications for the general practitioner and the airline industry. Airlines need to consider using forward planning, not changing rosters at the last moment and encouraging a closer relationship with the airline. (63455)

CIS 94-2150 Stress, violations and accidents. Hartley L.R., El Hassani J., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1994, Vol.25, No.4, p.221-230. 14 ref. (In English)

Sources of stress among Western Australian car and truck drivers were investigated using a previously-developed Driver Behaviour Inventory. Associations between reported stress and drivers' accidents or violation records were also examined. Factor analyses related truck drivers' stress more to occupational demands and to imperturbability, whereas car drivers' stress was related more to psychological health, age, experience and aggression. The results are discussed and recommendations made for improvements in road safety. (63458)

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