CIS 94-1451 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 [South Africa]. (Afrikaans: Wet op Beroepsgesondheid en Veiligheid, 1993) Government Gazette - Staatskoerant, 2 July 1993, Vol.337, No.14918, 53p. (In Afrikaans, English)

Internet:
http://www.acts.co.za/OHS/ohs_act.htm#occupational_health_and_safety_act_1993.htm

This law (commenced: 1 Jan. 1994) is the framework legislation for occupational health and safety (OHS) in South Africa, replacing The Machinery and Occupational Safety Act, 1983 (CIS 90-1052) with its various amendments, though not the regulations made under it. It covers: definitions; establishment, functions and role of the Advisory Council for Occupational Health and Safety and its technical committees; health and safety policies within enterprises; general OHS duties of employers; listed (dangerous) work; duty to inform; duties of employees regarding OHS; health and safety representatives (designation, functions); health and safety committees; general and particular prohibitions; reporting of incidents and occupational diseases to inspectors; prohibition of victimization; the Chief Inspector and inspectors (designation, functions, powers); investigations and formal enquiries of incidents; miscellaneous; issuing of regulations; incorporation of OHS standards in regulations. (63124)

CIS 94-1452 Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, 1993 [South Africa]. (Afrikaans: Wet op Vergoeding vir Beroepsbeserings en -Siektes, 1993) Government Gazette - Staatskoerant, 6 Oct. 1993, Vol.340, No.15158, 91p. (In Afrikaans, English)

This law covers workmen's compensation in South Africa, replacing the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1941 and its various amendments. Contents: definitions; the Compensation Commissioner, authorized persons, assessors; the Compensation Board; the Compensation and Reserve Funds; compensation of occupational injuries; claims for compensation; determination and calculation of compensation; amount of compensation in case of death; occupational diseases; medical aid; medical expenses and reports; obligations of employers (including payment of employer assessments); legal procedures; miscellaneous. In schedules: percentage of permanent disablement, depending on loss of body part or function; schedule of occupational diseases. (63125)

CIS 94-1453 Staff rooms [Sweden]. (Swedish: Personalutrymmen) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 31p., ISBN 91-7930-145-2 (In Swedish)

This directive (effective 1 Oct. 1992, replacing the 1984 directive AFS 1984:10, see CIS 85-569) applies to all workplaces, including temporary premises. It covers general requirements (adaptation of staff rooms to the type of work performed, and to the number and sex distribution of the workers; layout and fittings of staff rooms; cleanliness; drinking water), as well as special requirements (locker rooms, washing facilities, shower rooms, toilets, canteens, rest and waiting rooms, accommodation quarters, drying rooms). Special rules applicable to trainees are also given. Detailed commentary. (63091)

CIS 94-1454 Regulation concerning the implementation of Disposición 7/90 insofar as it refers to type approval [Argentina]. (Spanish: Reglaméntase la Disposición No.7/90 en lo referente al procedimiento de homologación) Dirección Nacional de Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo, Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 18 Jan. 1991, Year 99, No.27,055, p.6. (In Spanish)

This regulation defines the procedures to be followed by enterprises in the implementation of type approval activities. Technical details are given in the annex: sworn oaths; quality control (factory organization; inspection personnel; quality inspection and tests; conformity specifications; sample selection; indication of critical, major and minor defects); analysis of proposed quality control plans; changes and modifications in plant, equipment or protective equipment subject to type approval; type approval of prototypes. (63100)

CIS 94-1455 Government Order of 4 November 1993 on safety and health signals at work [France]. (French: Arrêté du 4 novembre 1993 relatif à la signalisation de sécurité et de santé sur les lieux de travail [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1947-153-93, p.601-608. Illus. Also available as an offprint from the INRS. (In French)

Order of 4 Nov. 93 (published in the French Journal officiel of 17 Dec. 93). This text, which transposes the provisions of European Council Directive 92/58/EEC (see CIS 93-1752) into French legislation presents the different types of safety and/or health signs at the workplace and instructions for installing and using them. In addition to mandatory safety signalling (evacuation, emergency escape and first aid, etc.), warning signs must be used at the workplace whenever a risk cannot be avoided or prevented by collective protection or work organization measures. It is incumbent upon the manager, according to the risk involved and after consultation with the works safety and health committee (or failing this with staff representatives) to determine which safety and/or health signs to install or use; the employees must be informed of the meaning of these signs. The annexes to the order list the different types of safety signalling (I: general information, meaning of safety colours; II: signboards; III: features and specific rules governing the use of illuminated signs; IV: acoustic signals and alarm devices). The order is applicable as of 1 Jan. 94 in new workplaces or newly redesigned workplaces, and from 1 January 1996 for existing workplaces. (63136)

CIS 94-1456 Order of 19 March 1993 establishing, pursuant to article R.237-8 of the Labour Code, the list of dangerous work categories requiring a written safety policy [France]. (French: Arrêté du 19 mars 1993 fixant, en application de l'article R.237-8 du Code du travail, la liste des travaux dangereux pour lesquels il est établi par écrit un plan de prévention [France]) Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.53, p.4977-4978. Originally published in Journal officiel, 27 Mar. 1993, p.4977-4978. (In French)

List of 21 occupational categories for which French legislation prescribes a written safety policy, namely work involving: exposure to ionizing radiation; exposure to pathogenic organisms; workplaces classified as dangerous; exposure to extreme temperatures; exposure to average noise levels > 90dB(A) or peak acoustic pressures > 140dB; danger of drowning or being buried by earth; setting up or dismantling heavy prefabricated elements; demolition; high atmospheric pressure; oxyacetylene welding necessitating a permit; etc. (63200)

CIS 94-1457 Employment and health and safety law citator [United Kingdom]. Spicer R., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1994. xi, 139p. Index. Price: GBP 29.95, USD 47.95., ISBN 0-471-94301-0 (In English)

Short summaries of court cases and decisions in the United Kingdom are presented. Part one covers various aspects of employment law. Part two covers health and safety at work: breach of statutory duty; Factories Act (1961); Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act (1962); Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (1974); other health and safety legislation; common law duties; notable defences. (63027)

CIS 94-1458 Butterworths Environmental Law Handbook [United Kingdom]. Waite A., ed., Butterworths Law Publishers Ltd., Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 8PH, United Kingdom, 1994. xxxiii, 859p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 49.50., ISBN 0-406-04471-6 (In English)

Commented full-text compilation of environmental legislation applicable in the United Kingdom, including statutes, statutory instruments and European Community (EC) directives. Of particular OSH interest are: Control of Pollution Act 1974; Environmental Protection Act 1990; Water Industry Act 1991; Water Resources Act 1991; Clean Air Act 1993; Radioactive Substances Act 1993; various regulations issued under these Acts; Directives 75/442/EEC (waste), 84/360/EEC (air pollution from industrial plants), 91/689/EEC (hazardous waste); EEC Council Regulation 259/93 (waste shipments). There is also a list of relevant regulatory materials not reproduced in full. (63130)

CIS 94-1459 Recommendations of the National Health Insurance Fund. Updated list of 1 Dec. 1993 [France]. (French: Recommandations de la CNAM. Liste à jour au 1er décembre 1993 [France]) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, p.617-622. (In French)

List of recommendations issued by the French National Health Insurance Fund, applicable to nearly all industrial and commercial activities. (63137)

CIS 94-1460 Supermarket check-out cashiers [Sweden]. (Swedish: Arbete i utgångskassa) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 15p. Illus., ISBN 91-7930-164-9 (In Swedish)

This directive replaces AFS 1986:1 (CIS 86-2056). It regulates the OSH aspects of work by check-out cashiers in self-service retail establishments. It covers: design (number, equipment) of check-out systems; planning and management of such systems in order to minimize stress among operators; minimum requirements for seating, temperature and ventilation; noise limitations; minimum lighting levels; avoidance of violence. (63095)

CIS 94-1461 Health and Safety - Transport - The Railways (Safety Critical Work) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 4p. Price: GBP 1.10., ISBN 0-11-043299-1 (In English)

"Safety critical work" is defined as any work by railway personnel (drivers, guards, conductors, signalmen, repair and maintenance workers, supervisors, etc.) who in any way control or affect the movement of vehicles, or who work on the rails, signals, electric wires, the coupling of vehicles or vehicle maintenance, thereby affecting the health or safety of persons on a transport system. The regulations require employers to make sure that the workers doing such work are competent and fit to do so, that they carry suitable identification, and that they do not work such long hours that their fatigue might endanger safety. (63202)

CIS 94-1462 Welding and thermal cutting [Sweden]. (Swedish: Smältsvetsning och termisk skärning) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 30p. Illus., ISBN 91-7930-153-3 (In Swedish)

This directive replaces AFS 1989:1 (CIS 90-1421). The basic requirement is that work involving gas/arc welding and cutting must be planned and conducted in such a way as to minimize exposure to welding fumes. Contents: requirements for gas cylinders and pipes; marking of hazardous electrodes and welding flux; ventilation; personal protective equipment; health risks and safe working practices. Detailed commentary. In annex: checklist for safe welding and cutting. Detailed commentaries are appended. (63097)

CIS 94-1463 Council Directive of 15 February 1982 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in mines susceptible to firedamp [European Communities]. (French: Directive du Conseil, du 15 février 1982, concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives au matériel électrique utilisable en atmosphère explosible des mines grisouteuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 2 Mar. 1982, Vol.25, No.L.59, p.10-28. Illus. (In English, French)

This directive states the provisions pertaining to electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in mines susceptible to firedamp that the Member States should have introduced in their regulation before Sep. 1983. No Member State can prohibit the sale and free movement of products to which this directive applies. Rules for conformity certification are given. Rules for the use of the distinctive Community mark are outlined. Annexes: list of approved harmonized CENELEC standards, requirements for electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres, description of distinctive Community mark, marking of electrical apparatus covered by an inspection certificate, certificate of conformity. This directive and its annexes have been amended by Directives 88/35/EEC (CIS 94-1464) and 91/269/EEC (CIS 94-1109). (62921)

CIS 94-1464 Commission Directive of 2 December 1987 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 82/130/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in mines susceptible to firedamp [European Communities]. (French: Directive du 2 déc. 1987 portant adaptation au progrès technique de la Directive 82/130/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives au matériel électrique utilisable en atmosphère explosible des mines grisouteuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 26 Jan. 1988, Vol.31, No.L.20, p.28-32. Illus. (In English, French)

This directive replaces or amends several items in Directive 82/130/EEC (CIS 94-1463) on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in mines susceptible to firedamp. The changes are to be found in the annexes: list of approved harmonized CENELEC standards, general requirements for electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres, description of distinctive Community mark, marking of electrical apparatus covered by an inspection certificate. This Directive has been amended by Directive 91/269/EEC (CIS 94-1109). (62922)

CIS 94-1465 Directive concerning safety requirements in workplaces where static electricity presents a risk [Mexico]. (Spanish: Instructivo No.22 relativo a las condiciones de seguridad en los centros de trabajo en donde la electricidad estática represente un riesgo) Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Doctor Vértiz 96, 06720 México, D.F., Mexico, 1991. 8p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Directive issued in accordance with provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (CIS 83-2092). It provides for safety precautions in workplaces where static electricity presents a risk, in particular as they apply to machinery and equipment, measurement techniques and personal protective equipment (antistatic footwear and clothing, frictionless tools). In annex: definition of terms; examples of antistatic and frictionless devices and earthing equipment. (63126)

CIS 94-1466 Health and Safety - The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 16p. Price: GBP 3.20., ISBN 0-11-043670-9 (In English)

These Regulations impose requirements and prohibitions in relation to the carriage of dangerous goods by rail in freight containers, packages, tank containers or wagons. In particular: the rail carriages and packages transporting dangerous goods must be suitable to the purpose; certification documents and other relevant documentation must be made available; classification, packaging and labelling provisions must be complied with; tank containers and wagons should not be filled beyond their safe level; openings, valves and caps must be securely closed before the journey starts; dangerous goods must be segregated from each other; unauthorized access to the goods must be prevented; appropriate fire, explosion and leakage precautions should be made; personnel receive adequate training and information; safety systems and procedures should be set up. In annex: permitted mixed loads of explosives within different compatibility groups. Relevant international codes are ADR (for road transport, see CIS 93-361), RID (for rail transport, see CIS 90-1084) and IMDGS (for sea transport, see CIS 92-728). (63203)

CIS 94-1467 Legislation on flammable and explosive articles [Sweden]. (Swedish: Lagstiftning om brandfarliga och explosiva varor) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 4th ed., 1993. 102p., ISBN 91-7522-347-3 (In Swedish)

This 4th edition (for the 2nd ed., see CIS 90-717) of Swedish legislation concerning flammable and explosive articles contains the full texts of: Act on Flammable and Explosive Articles (SFS 1988:868; entry into force: 1 July 1989); Regulations on flammable and explosive articles (SFS 1988:1145, modified by SFS 1992:1308; effective 1 July 1989); extracts from the directives of the explosives' inspection concerning the handling and transport of explosive articles; two registers of flammable articles (list of flammable gases and liquids, list of other flammable articles); notification of the inspection of explosives concerning the labelling of flammable articles; tables of permits and notification of the storage of flammable articles. (62934)

CIS 94-1468 Directive on work in confined spaces [Sweden]. (Swedish: Arbete i slutet utrymme) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 13p., ISBN 91-7930-173-8 (In Swedish)

This directive deals with the hazards of work in confined spaces: high or low oxygen concentrations; accumulation of explosive or toxic gases or of dust. The maintenance of a clean environment is emphasized. Protective equipment is described. (63093)

CIS 94-1469 Noise [Sweden]. (Swedish: Buller) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 23p. 7 ref., ISBN 91-7930-154-1 (In Swedish)

This directive replaces AFS 1986:15 (CIS 87-46). It covers: general workplace provisions concerning noise (work should be organized in such a way that noise exposure is minimized); technical measures (noise control at the design stage, and during the installation and operation of machinery); work premises; noise measurement; audiometric tests; wearing of hearing protectors. In annex: noise exposure limit values (85dB equivalent level for 8h; 115dB maximum; 140dB for peaks of impulse noise); definitions; detailed commentary. (63096)

CIS 94-1470 Approval of technical standards for hearing protectors [Argentina]. (Spanish: Apruébanse Normas Técnicas de protectores auditivos y externos) Dirección Nacional de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo, Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 11 June 1991, Year 99, No.27,153, p.7-8. (In Spanish)

This Standard is issued under the authority of D.N.H.S.T. Disposición 7/90. It provides for a classification of hearing protectors in function of their acoustic characteristics, and it defines the minimum attenuation values required for protection against low, medium and high frequency sound. (63099)

CIS 94-1471 Fork-lift trucks [Sweden]. (Swedish: Truckar) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 10p., ISBN 91-7930-171-1 (In Swedish)

This directive is a modification of AFS 1986:24 (CIS 87-317), which it replaces. It contains general safety provisions, as well as special provisions concerning the planning of work tasks, permissible loads, drivers' qualifications, use of safety footwear, preventive maintenance and use of parking brakes. Newly introduced changes involve supervision, approval and age limit for operators (18yrs). (63094)

CIS 94-1472 Guillotine shears [Sweden]. (Swedish: Gradsaxar) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 33p. Illus. 2 ref., ISBN 91-7930-115-0 (In Swedish)

This directive replaces Directive No.116 (CIS 77-1838). It covers: classification of guillotine (plate) shears; type approval; design and ergonomic requirements (mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment; control equipment; noise, vibration; marking; operating instructions); safety measures (including machine guards); setting up of tools; machine maintenance; workplaces. Detailed commentary. (63098)

CIS 94-1473 Government Order of 21 December 1993 on automatic and semi-automatic doors and gates on work premises [France]. (French: Arrêté du 21 décembre 1993 relatif aux portes et portails automatiques et semi-automatiques sur les lieux de travail [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1956-154-94, p.109-111. Also available as an offprint from the INRS. Originally in:Journal officiel, 13 Jan. 1994. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000728236&dateT…
   …exte=20081106&fastPos=2&fastReqId=1960977970&oldAction=rechTexte

Pursuant to articles R.232-1-2 and R.235-3-9 of the French Labour Code, the Order of 21 Dec. 1993 lays down standards to be met by all automatic or semi-automatic doors and gates on work premises: definitions of the terms used; requirements to be met by new doors and gates (operation, emergency stop devices, markings, volume defined by door/gate movement, possibility of manual opening, etc.; case of new doors for pedestrians); requirements applicable to existing gates and doors; compulsory inspection and maintenance. (63199)

CIS 94-1474 Work with risk of infections [Sweden]. (Swedish: Smittfarligt arbete) National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, May 1991. 19p., ISBN 91-7930-136-3 (In Swedish)

Rules applied to work where there is a risk of contamination. The appended safety guide gives advice on how to deal with contamination likely to occur in workplaces. Particularly exposed workers are nursing home staff, rescue staff, hospital staff, people working with children, social workers, workers in refugee services, police, people working with microbiological organisms, workers with animals, and workers in the food industry and industries dealing with biological material. (62932)

CIS 94-1475 Biological agents [Sweden]. (Swedish: Biologiska ämnen) Publikationsservice, P.O. Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 36p. Illus., ISBN 91-7930-152-5 (In Swedish)

This notification came into force 1 January 1993. It applies to all work involving risk of exposure to biological substances (microorganisms, in-vitro cell cultures, human parasites). The employer has the responsibility of being aware, as far as possible, of the biological substances that are present and the hazards they might create. The tasks must be designed in a way that reduces the hazards to a minimum. If this is not possible, other safety measures must also be provided. The employer must inform and instruct the employees sufficiently so that they can carry out the work without risks. Containers and other equipment containing biological substances must be clearly marked. Suitable personal protection equipment must be used. Workplaces with quantities of dangerous substances above a certain level must be notified to the authorities. A classified list of common substances (bacteria, viruses) is provided. Ordinance AFS 1988:12 on microorganisms (CIS 90-393) is abrogated. (62933)

CIS 94-1476 Violence and menaces in the workplace [Sweden]. (Swedish: Våld och hot i arbetsmiljön) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen (National Board of Occupational Safety and Health), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 22p., ISBN 91-7930-169-X (In Swedish)

This directive replaces AFS 1983:1 (CIS 83-2055). It concerns the protection of workers exposed to the risk of violence (bank and post-office employees, policemen, jewellers, night watchmen, prison guards, psychiatric hospital personnel). Its provisions include: safety measures (appropriate planning of facilities, installation of closed-circuit TV and alarm systems, institution of security routines, training of personnel exposed to violence); measures to comfort or reassure workers who have suffered aggression; reporting and recording of cases of aggression; collaboration between workers and employers; survey of Swedish publications on occupational violence and self-defence. In annex: check lists for risk-limiting measures; routine precautions; support and rehabilitation of victims; reporting requirements. (63092)

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CIS 94-1477 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. (Spanish: 1-Cloro-2,4-dinitrobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0416. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; dermatitis (delayed effects); methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; visual function disorders. (63141)

CIS 94-1478 Chloromethane (liquefied). (Spanish: Clorometano (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0419. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; frostbite; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); brain damage; liver, kidney and bone marrow injury. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm; 103mg/m³; STEL: 100ppm; 207mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63142)

CIS 94-1479 Chlorotrifluoromethane. (Spanish: Clorotrifluorometano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0420. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: high concentrations in the air can cause an oxygen deficiency with risk of unconsciousness or death; arrhythmia; frostbite. (63143)

CIS 94-1480 Coumaphos. (Spanish: Cumafos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0422. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects; inhibition of cholinesterase. Long-term exposure effects: significant depletion of blood cholinesterase. (63144)

CIS 94-1481 Demeton-O-methyl. (Spanish: Demeton-O-metil) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0429. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; eye irritation; neurotoxic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.1mg/m³ P (USSR 1988). (63145)

CIS 94-1482 Diborane. (Spanish: Diborano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0432. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm; 0.11mg/m³ (as TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63146)

CIS 94-1483 Dibromomethane. (Spanish: Dibromometano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0354. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the kidney and liver. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 10mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63147)

CIS 94-1484 1,2-Dichloroethylene. (Spanish: 1,2-Dicloroetileno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0436. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 790mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 237mg/m³ (USSR 1984). (63148)

CIS 94-1485 1,2-Dichloropropane. (Spanish: 1,2-Dicloropropano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0441. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and blood. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 75ppm; 347mg/m³ (as TWA); 110ppm; 508mg/m³ (as STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 10mg/m³ (as ceiling) (USSR 1977). (63149)

CIS 94-1486 2-Chloroacetamide. (Spanish: 2-Cloroacetamida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0640. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes; chemical burns; sensitization dermatitis. (63150)

CIS 94-1487 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde. (Spanish: 2-Clorobenzaldehído) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0641. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes and skin; pulmonary oedema; chemical burns; may affect the liver and kidneys. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63151)

CIS 94-1488 Chlorobenzene. (Spanish: Clorobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0642. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and skin; chemical pneumonitis. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood, liver and kidneys; may have teratogenic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm; 46mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63152)

CIS 94-1489 Krypton (liquefied). (Spanish: Cripton (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0604. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: frostbite; chemical burns; risk of suffocation in confined areas. (63153)

CIS 94-1490 Chloroacetone. (Spanish: Cloroacetona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0760. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation and corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1ppm; 3.8mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63154)

CIS 94-1491 Decaborane. (Spanish: Decaborano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0712. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.05ppm; 0.25mg/m³ (TWA); 0.15ppm; 0.75mg/m³ (STEL) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63155)

CIS 94-1492 1,1-Dichloropropane. (Spanish: 1,1-Dicloropropano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0723. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (63156)

CIS 94-1493 1,3-Dichloropropane. (Spanish: 1,3-Dicloropropano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0724. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; may affect the blood, the central nervous system and the liver. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63157)

CIS 94-1494 Magnesium chloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de magnesio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0764. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. (63158)

CIS 94-1495 Stannous chloride (II) (dihydrate). (Spanish: Cloruro de estaño (II) (dihidratado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0738. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood. Long term exposure effects: may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 2mg/m³ (as tin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (63159)

CIS 94-1496 Chloropentafluoroethane. (Spanish: Cloropentafluoroetano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0848. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; frostbite; chemical burns; asphyxia. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1000ppm; 6320mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 3000mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63160)

CIS 94-1497 Pentachlorophenol sodium. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the lungs, liver and kidneys. (63161)

CIS 94-1498 2,4-Pentadione. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (permanent damage of the nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; may affect the thymus, lungs, brain and nasal passage. (63162)

CIS 94-1499 1-Pentanol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may cause corneal damage; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63163)

CIS 94-1500 3-Pentanol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63164)

CIS 94-1501 2-Phenoxyethanol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (63165)

CIS 94-1502 Phenyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (63166)

CIS 94-1503 Mercuric phenylacetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; renal dysfunction. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; possible antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as HG): 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (63167)

CIS 94-1504 Phenylmercuric nitrate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; renal dysfunction. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; possible antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as HG): 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (63168)

CIS 94-1505 Phosmet. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; neurotoxic effects; visual function disorders; diarrhoea. (63169)

CIS 94-1506 Phosphorous pentachloride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm; 0.85mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 0.2mg/m³ P (USSR 1980). (63170)

CIS 94-1507 Phosphorus pentoxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. (63171)

CIS 94-1508 Potassium acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (63172)

CIS 94-1509 Potassium chlorate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood (haemolytic anaemia), liver and kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (63173)

CIS 94-1510 Potassium sulfide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. (63174)

CIS 94-1511 Propanal. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 5mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (63175)

CIS 94-1512 Propyleneglycolmonomethylether. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 100ppm; 369mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990); TLV (STEL): 150ppm; 553mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (63176)

CIS 94-1513 1-Propanol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 492mg/m³ (TWA); 250ppm; 614mg/m³ (STEL) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (63177)

CIS 94-1514 Isopropyl alcohol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 400ppm; 983mg/m³ (TWA); 500ppm; 1230mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (63178)

CIS 94-1515 beta-Propiolactone. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: probable human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.5ppm; 1.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (63179)

CIS 94-1516 Propionic anhydride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. (63180)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 94-1517 SAMTRAC - Training & development for health, safety & environmental programmes (Module 2). National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, 1994. 208p. Illus. 4 ref., ISBN 0-9583783-8-X (In English)

Manual on occupational safety to be used as part of Safety Management Training Courses (SAMTRAC), aimed at people who are going to be responsible for developing safety management policies in workplaces. Contents: premises and workplaces; portable tools; lifting gear and records; ladders; scaffolding; pressure vessels; gas cylinders; electrical safety; lock-out systems; labelling of switches, isolators and valves; fire prevention; safeguarding; personal protective equipment. (63109)

CIS 94-1518 Employees health and safety training course I - Employees' course - Facilitators' manual. National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, [1994]. 2 vols. (iii, 81p. + iii, 81p.) Illus., ISBN 0-9583783-6-3, ISBN 1-875013-07-5 (In English)

Part I of training manual (for workers) and facilitators' manual (for trainers) on the basics of occupational health and safety. A wide range of topics is covered, using very simple language, illustrations and check lists. The topics are: structure of safety and health in South Africa and relevant legislation; safe working procedures; general safety standards; labels, signs and colour codes; housekeeping, stacking, storing and waste control; mechanical and electrical guarding; occupational health (risks, tests and controls); personal protective equipment; health and safety programmes in the workplace. For Part II, see CIS 99-1113. (63121)

CIS 94-1519 Health and safety training - General course. National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, 1994. iii, 138p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-9583783-9-8 (In English)

Training manual on occupational health and safety, aimed at safety and health personnel and management. It outlines the 5-Star safety and health system developed by NOSA, and it covers the following major topics: system planning and organization; basic criteria of a health and safety system; education and training; compliance with laws and standards; internal incident reporting, recording and investigation; premises and housekeeping; hazardous substance control; occupational health; personal protection; mechanical safeguarding; fire prevention and protection; pollution of air, ground and water. Check lists are used throughout. (63122)

CIS 94-1520 Health and safety representatives - Questions and answers. National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, 1993. ii, 52p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-9583783-1-2 (In English)

Training manual on occupational health and safety, aimed at health and safety representatives in the workplace. It covers: general duties of employers regarding health and safety; nomination and/or selection of health and safety representatives; functions of the representatives (investigation of accidents and incidents; workplace inspections; hazard identification; complaint investigation; representations to the employer; review of the effectiveness of health and safety measures; participation in consultations and discussions with inspectors; attendance of health and safety committee meetings); establishment and functions of health and safety committees. Case studies and check lists are used throughout the manual. (63123)

CIS 94-1521 Dangerous instinct. Mercury Communications, Citizen Communication, Empire House, Beauchamp Avenue, Kidderminster, Worcs. DY11 7AH, United Kingdom, 1994. Videotape (length: 30min) + manuals + leaflets + overhead projection masters + (optional) 20 colour slides. Price: GBP 599.00 (GBP 649.00 with slides) + VAT. (In English)

Training package including trainer's and presenters' manuals and questionnaires in addition to the audiovisual materials. Most everyday aspects of safety and health at the workplace are covered, as well as fire prevention measures. (63207)

CIS 94-1522 An introduction to risk management. Image Intelligence Ltd., The Institute of Risk Management, Lloyds Avenue House, 6 Lloyds Avenue, London EC3N 3AX, United Kingdom, 1994. Videotape (length: 25min) + manual (ii, 5p.). Price: GBP 99.00 + VAT. (In English)

Videocassette usable on its own or as a module within a major training programme for management. Coverage: definition of simple and "more sophisticated" risks; a pro-active approach to risk management; 4 stages of risk management (identification, evaluation, elimination/reduction, financing); everyone has a role in risk management; cost of risks; continuous nature of risk management; requirements of a risk management programme (corporate risk strategy, proven contingency plans, global risk strategies for multinational companies); role of the Association of Insurance and Risk Management in Industry and Commerce (AIRMIC). (63210)

CIS 94-1523 Occupational Health and Safety Act - No.85 of 1993. 1: Management Module; 2: Health & Safety Representatives and Committees Module; 3B: Employee and Union Representative Module. National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, 1993. 3 vols. (29+30+82p.) Illus., ISBN 0-9583053-4-X (2), ISBN 0-9583053-6-6 (1), ISBN 0-9583783-4-7 (3B) (In English)

Three-volume training manual whose aim is to teach management, OSH representatives and workers' representatives the basic requirements imposed on them by the new South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (see CIS 94-1451). Each of the modules covers appropriate sections of the Act. Module 3B (replacing an earlier version Module 3) is of particular interest, as it is aimed at employee and union representatives, who often have only a rudimentary knowledge of OSH matters. The module gets its message across in very simple language, relying on many illustrations. (63108)

CIS 94-1524 Basic health and safety - Workers' rights and how to win them. London Hazards Centre, Headland House, 308 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8DS, United Kingdom, June 1991. 40p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-948974-07-9 (In English)

This information pack covers the main legal requirements for health, safety and welfare at work; it is aimed at employers and workers in small businesses and organizations. The 11 separate leaflets cover: workers' rights, law and enforcement and EC legislation; registering the workplace; employers' liability insurance and workers' compensation; provision of safe and healthy working conditions and welfare facilities; first-aid arrangements; fire precautions; recording and reporting of accidents and sickness; safety policies; safety representatives and safety committees; substances hazardous to health; contacts and resources. (62960)

CIS 94-1525 Establishing a bulletin on occupational safety and health. ILO-FINNIDA Asian-Pacific Regional Programme on Occupational Safety and Health, c/o ILO ROAP, United Nations Building, 10200 Bangkok, Thailand, Nov. 1993. 8p. (In English)

This booklet describes the objectives of a bulletin on occupational safety and health and provides guidance on starting such a bulletin, on its contents, editing, funding and personnel resources, technical facilities, distribution and development. A sample bulletin is included. (63087)

CIS 94-1526 Preparing a brochure on occupational safety and health information. ILO-FINNIDA Asian-Pacific Regional Programme on Occupational Safety and Health, c/o ILO ROAP, United Nations Building, 10200 Bangkok, Thailand, Nov. 1993. 4p. (In English)

This booklet provides guidance on preparing a national promotional brochure on occupational safety and health information. The objectives of the brochure are described along with the format, contents and general principles. A model brochure is included. (63088)

CIS 94-1527 Audiovisual materials 94. (French: Audiovisuel 94) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1994. 84p. Illus. (In French)

Annotated catalogue of videocassettes, films and slide sets available from INRS (the French National Institute for research into OSH matters). For each item, the following information is given: intended audience, purpose, abstract, keywords, year of production, length, format(s), sponsoring agency, director, producer, distributor, framework of presentation (optional). Three indexes: in numeric, alphabetic and keyword order. Rental and purchase information. (63211)

CIS 94-1528 Training aids 1994-95. (French: Aides pédagogiques 1994-95) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Jan. 1994. 31p., ISBN 2-7389-0184-0 (In French)

The training aids listed in this directory are aimed to help organizers of OSH training within enterprises with their mission. Classification of the modules within the directory is by type of training: training of safety and health committee members; first-aid training; training of production workers; health hazards training; computer-assisted training. (63212)

CIS 94-1529 Skin diseases: Causes, symptoms and prevention. (Spanish: Enfermedades de la piel - Causas, síntomas y prevención) ISSSTE, Av.Juárez No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, C.P. 06030, México, D.F., Mexico, 1990 (?). 23p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

Information booklet aimed at workers. It covers the symptoms of dermatosis and preventive measures, as related to various causal factors: cement, organochlorides, chromic acid, pitch, lubricants, nickel compounds and formaldehyde. Glossary. (63103)

CIS 94-1530 Eye protection. (French: Protection des yeux; German: Augenschutz; Italian: La protezione degli occhi) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 67p. Illus. 22 ref. (In French, German, Italian)

This pamphlet replaces SBA no. 85. It is aimed at management of enterprises as guidelines for the choice of appropriate eye protection devices. It explains the anatomy and physiology of the eye and the causes and prevention of eye damage. The problems involving light and vision at the workplace are also outlined. (63048)

CIS 94-1531 SAMTRAC - Training & development for health, safety & environmental programmes (Module 3, Part 1). National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA), 508 Proes Street, Arcadia 0007, South Africa, 1994. 112p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 1-875013-19-9 (In English)

Manual on occupational hygiene and occupational medicine to be used as part of Safety Management Training Courses (SAMTRAC), aimed at people who are going to be responsible for developing safety management policies in workplaces. Contents: history of occupational health (with special attention paid to the experience in South Africa, where primary health care forms an integral part of the occupational health system); the aims of occupational health services; occupational medicine; occupational hygiene (with a survey of workplace hazards - physical, chemical, environmental, ergonomic); primary health care (including emergency health care, health education, social services, absenteeism, first aid). (63110)

CIS 94-1532 Occupational medicine - Approaches to health at work. (French: Médecine du travail - Approches de la santé au travail) Dyèvre P., Léger D., Proteau J., Masson S.A., 120, Bd. Saint-Germain, 75280 Paris Cedex 06, France, 1994. x, 306p. Illus. ca. 358 ref. Indexes., ISBN 2-225-84431-3 (In French)

This monograph, aimed at students and OSH professionals, is divided into three principal parts. Part 1 describes the functions of the occupational physician and the enterprise concerning occupational health matters in France. Part 2 deals with the means at the disposal of the medical team. Part 3 is devoted to the major occupational diseases and to certain medical conditions (cancer, sleep disorders, infectious diseases etc.). In addition to strictly instructional topics, the manual contains a large number of tables and organigrammes, and it discusses OSH topics such as planning, multidisciplinarity and evaluation. (63219)

CIS 94-1533 Manual on occupational medicine. (Danish: Basisbog i arbejdsmedicin) Andersen I., ed., Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, Vol.1-3, 1994. 158, 293, 287p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: DKK 250.00, 380.00 and 360.00 excl. VAT., ISBN 87-7534-448-3 (Vol.1), ISBN 87-7534-450-5 (Vol.2), ISBN 87-7534-451-3 (Vol.3) (In Danish)

This three-volume manual gives an overall view of occupational diseases, their origin, and their treatment. Main topics: historical view of occupational medicine, the labour force and occupational diseases, health monitoring at the work place, regulation (Denmark), cancer, allergy, sick building syndrome, infections and microorganisms, psycho-social factors, older workers, accidents, toxicity, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the visual system, respiratory diseases, reproductive diseases, diseases of the mouth and teeth, gastrointestinal diseases, and diseases of the ear and vestibular apparatus. (62900)

CIS 94-1534 Handling with care. Schwops (Luton) Ltd., CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby, Yorkshire LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1993. Videotape (VHS PAL; length: 12min) + manual (i, 16p., illus.). Price: GBP 95.00., ISBN 1-85851-008-2 (In English)

First part of a training package aimed at warehouse personnel (for second part, see CIS 94-1535). It is in particular aimed at employees, with four main sections: good work practices (hand pallet trucks, personal protective equipment, working environment, horseplay, fire prevention); manual handling (including task assessment, twisting and overreaching, pushing and pulling, stacking); emergencies (fires, accidents); guide to safety signs. (63208)

CIS 94-1535 Be warehouse safe. Schwops (Luton) Ltd., CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1993. Videotape (VHS PAL; length: 22min) + manual (i, 48p., illus.). Price: GBP 95.00., ISBN 1-85851-007-4 (In English)

Second part of a training package aimed at warehouse personnel (for first part, see CIS 94-1534). It is in particular aimed at warehouse management, with six main sections: legal requirements and the importance of training; the working environment (including welfare and emergencies); work equipment, storage systems and automated systems; occupational health (noise, personal protective equipment, hazardous substances), electrical safety, and steam and water pressure cleaners; vehicular operations; manual handling and assessments (including check lists). (63209)

CIS 94-1536 Mine safety and health interactive training course. Taylor G.A., Hegney R.P., Chamber of Mines and Energy of W.A. (Inc.), Australian Institute of Work Safety and Health, Hayman Road, Bentley, WA 61012, Australia, 1991. 2 vols. 151p. 257p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Topics covered in this training course: accidents and accident causation; accident prevention - economic, humanitarian and legal aspects; introduction to health, safety and the body; communications and group dynamics; effective presentations; health and safety with chemicals; noise and hearing conservation; placarding and labelling for chemical safety; ventilation; sources of health and safety information; protective equipment; engineering principles in health and safety; ergonomics; the health and safety committee; physical principles in health and safety; inspection of work methods and practices; safety audits; accident investigation; approaches to risk analysis; hazard management; approaches to reliability and planned maintenance. (62920)

CIS 94-1537 The common sense guide to office safety (New version). John Burder Films, 7 Saltcoats Road, London W4 1AR, United Kingdom, 199?. Videotape (PAL). Length: 17min. Price: GBP 250.00 (sale), GBP 75.00 (hire) + VAT and p/p. (In English)

This videotape is part of the The Common Sense Guide Office Safety Kit, which also contains another videotape (on VDUs, see CIS 94-1538) and study notes (with checklists). The main safety aspects of office work that are explored are: bad housekeeping; manual handling; electric safety; office fires. The ergonomic aspects of office work are emphasized throughout. (63101)

CIS 94-1538 The common sense guide to VDU safety. John Burder Films, 7 Saltcoats Road, London W4 1AR, United Kingdom, 199?. Videotape (PAL). Length: 13min. Price: GBP 250.00 (sale), GBP 75.00 (hire) + VAT and p/p. (In English)

This videotape is part of the The Common Sense Guide Office Safety Kit, which also contains another videotape (on office safety in general, see CIS 94-1537) and study notes (with checklists). The main aspects of VDU safety covered are: the VDU environment (access, layout, heating, ventilation, lighting); desks and workspaces (sufficient space, ergonomics of VDU work, screen flicker, screen brightness, reflections). (63102)

CIS 94-1539 Clinical approach to the chemically exposed worker. Northwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, SC-34 Seattle, Washington 98195, USA, 1994. 164p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This document contains material presented at a training course on clinical aspects of chemical exposure. Topics covered: scope of chemical exposure and exposure assessment; pesticide exposure as a prototype neurotoxin; renal and hepatotoxicity in the solvent-exposed worker; chemical toxicity of the lung - acute and chronic considerations; assessing chemical hazards to reproduction; clinical assessment of workers with multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome; workers' compensation - policy considerations for impairment and disability rating. (63118)

CIS 94-1540 Hazardous waste annual refresher. Northwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, SC-34 Seattle, Washington 98195, USA, 1994. 126p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This document contains material presented at an annual refresher training course on hazardous waste management. Topics covered: legislation and hazardous waste site operations; the OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Rule (1910.120); estimates of hazardous waste operations and populations covered by the OSHA Rule; contents of material safety data sheets; levels of protection; use and fit-testing of air-purifying respirators; forms of heat stress; decontamination procedures. Problem-solving exercises are included. (63119)

CIS 94-1541 Handbook for the road transport of dangerous goods (1993). (Swedish: Handbok för vägtransport av farligt gods - Handbok 1993) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 2nd ed., 1993. Complete study material available from: Utbildningsförlaget Brevskolan, Box 42053, 126 13 Stockholm, Sweden. 136p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-355-4 (In Swedish)

Illustrated textbook aimed in particular at truck drivers studying by correspondence. It covers Swedish and international regulations concerning the road transport of dangerous goods, an explanation of the ADR classification of dangerous materials (with illustrations of the standard danger symbols), instructions for the filling out of official forms connected with the transport of dangerous goods and detailed safety rules. Definitions and abbreviations used. (63128)

CIS 94-1542 Environmental impact assessment. Institute of Environmental Assessment, Safety, Health and Environment Department, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1994. Manual + Slide set (200+ slides) + Overhead (O/H) projector sets. Price: GBP 320.00 (manual + slide sets), GBP 100.00 (O/H) + VAT + delivery charges., ISBN 1-898945-55-1 (EIA), ISBN 1-898945-83-7 (O/H) (In English)

Audiovisual training package on how to prepare an environmental impact assessment (EIA) for various industrial projects. The manual includes 9 case studies of EIA preparation (covering, among others, a food processing plant, a sewage treatment plant, a pipeline proposal, an oil refinery and a power station), information on relevant United Kingdom legislation, and technical guidance on new EIA preparations. Slides and overhead projector sets provide ample illustration. (63204)

CIS 94-1543 Environmental management systems. Hunt D., Lambton S., WRc alert, Safety, Health and Environment Department, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1994. Manuals + computer diskette + slide set (172 slides) + 10 overhead (O/H) projections. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 785.00 (all except O/H), GBP 100.00 (O/H) + VAT + delivery charges., ISBN 1-898945-58-6 (EMS), ISBN 1-898945-59-4 (O/H) (In English)

Audiovisual training package on how to set up an environmental management system (EMS) within enterprises. The diskette associated with the package is to be sent to trainees some time before the course starts. After an introduction to the subject, a questionnaire is administered on computer screen to the trainees, the results of which are returned to the course organizers on the diskette, so that the course may be tailored to the trainees' needs. The course material itself includes ten case studies on the following aspects of EMSs: policy statement; organization and personnel; effects evaluation; register of effects; management manual; auditing for sustainability; audit programmes; preparatory reviews; the supply chain; reporting. Full copies of the standards BS 7750: 1994 Environmental Management Systems and the EMA Regulation are included. Relevant British legislation is reviewed. Slides and overhead projections provide ample illustration. (63205)

CIS 94-1544 Safety in biogas plants. (French: La sécurité des installations de biogaz; German: Sichere Biogas-Anlagen; Italian: Impianti di biogas sicuri) Greminger U., Ramel D., Scheller F., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Lucern, Switzerland, 1st ed., 1993. 8p. 13 ref. (In French, German, Italian)

This pamphlet is aimed at designers of plants for the production of gas by fermentation, especially of animal wastes (biogas). It describes biogas plants and the related hazards. Swiss regulations are described. Main topics: construction, equipment and layout of plants, ventilation requirements, alarm devices, production and storage of biogas, equipment for the burning of biogas, maintenance. (62930)

CIS 94-1545 Video training package. Dust explosion hazards. Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1993. Loose-leaf. 129p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual: guidance notes on the course; technical guidance (statistics on dust explosions, when they can occur, which dusts explode, explosion characteristics); video script and background information (assessing and preventing dust explosions, controlling air availability, sources of ignition, tests on products, protecting against dust explosions); case studies (dust explosion in a small mill, a wet collector, a cereal processing plant and a metal pulverizing plant; powder self heating in a dust collector; electrostatic spark in dust collector; explosion of wood fines; large spray dryer explosion; coal dust explosion; explosion during magnesium dust vacuuming). (63071)

CIS 94-1546 Training for safer modifications. Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Safety, Health and Environment Dept., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1994. Training kit (booklets, colour slides, overhead projector set). Price: GBP 300.00 (main module); GBP 100.00 (overhead projector set); GBP 260.00 (Package 007); GBP 260.00 (Package 004); GBP 290.00 (Package 020) [VAT and delivery charges are not included]., ISBN 1-898945-03-9 (004), ISBN 1-898945-06-3 (007), ISBN 1-898945-19-5 (020), ISBN 1-898945-24-1 (025), ISBN 1-898945-84-5 (Acetate) (In English)

Interactive training module on the prevention of major hazard accidents in the chemical industry and the transportation of dangerous goods through safe management of change (modifications). The main module (= Package 025) is Modifications: The management of change. It contains: guidance notes for training; case studies of hardware modifications; prevention of incidents during modifications; case studies of other changes affecting plant integrity; safe practices during modifications; example procedures and guidelines. Auxiliary safety training packages cover: Package 007 (Work permit systems); Package 004 (Preparation for maintenance); Package 020 (Learning from accidents). (63127)

CIS 94-1547 Live rails kill. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1994. 6p. 2 ref. (In English)

This leaflet briefly describes precautions to be taken when working near live conductor rails. The hazards of such work are described along with training requirements, safe working methods and legal requirements. (62881)

CIS 94-1548 Live wires: What to look for when inspecting portable electrical equipment. Health and Safety Executive, CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1994. Videotape (length: 15min). Price: GBP 11.49 (hire), GBP 42.13 (sale). (In English)

This videotape provides basic training on a simple, inexpensive system of visual inspection of portable electrical equipment which can detect 95% of the damage or faults that can occur in such equipment. (63201)

CIS 94-1549 Diseases of hearing: Causes, symptoms and prevention. (Spanish: Enfermedades del oído - Causas, síntomas y prevención) ISSSTE, Av.Juárez No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, C.P. 06030, México, D.F., Mexico, 1990 (?). 15p. Illus. 1 ref. (In Spanish)

Information booklet aimed at workers. It covers the various health problems of hearing, their relationship to noise exposure and appropriate preventive measures. (63104)

CIS 94-1550 Light and vision in working life. (Swedish: Ljus och seende i arbetslivet) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Stockholm, Sweden, 1993. 71p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-362-7 (In Swedish)

This manual gives descriptions necessary for planning appropriate lighting in the work place. It contains basic descriptions of: vision, ergonomics of vision, light and light sources, light devices, glare, light properties of materials, visual display units, energy consumption, vision and safety, maintenance, measurement of light, examples from different kind of workplaces. The descriptions are supported by examples with photographs. A glossary, checklist and guidelines for evaluation of lighting are included. (62899)

CIS 94-1551 Information sheet on lasers. (French: Feuille d'information sur les lasers; German: Informationsblatt über Laser; Italian: Bollettino d'informazione sui laser) Müller B.J., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Apr. 1993. 7p. Illus. (In English, French, German, Italian)

This data sheet is aimed at the users of laser installations who do not have sufficient technical knowledge of lasers. The nature of laser radiation is described, along with manufacturers', suppliers' and users' obligations. Definition of terms, light propagation, quality of laser light, invisible laser radiation, classification of laser installations, identification and labelling of laser installations, personal protection. (63049)

CIS 94-1552 Radiology: basics of radiation protection, level 2. (French: Radiologie: radioprotection, notions essentielles - Niveau 2) Rivenez M.J., Garbarz J., Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 1st ed., 1990. ii, 29p. Illus., ISBN 2-85400-180-X (In French)

Manual on the basics of radiation protection, giving safety rules to be applied by workers most likely to be exposed. Summary: health effects of ionizing radiation; basic safety rules (maximum equivalent dose values); danger zones; irradiation monitoring; medical supervision; protective measures (parameters of time, distance and screens); action to be taken after a radiation accident; survey of relevant French legislation; certificates of competence for the handling of industrial radioscopic and radiographic equipment. (63213)

CIS 94-1553 Personal hearing protection. (French: La protection individuelle de l'ouïe; German: Der persönliche Gehörschutz; Italian: La protezione individuale dell'udito) Schmuckli F., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 61p. Illus. 17 ref. (In French, German, Italian)

This booklet describes noise, how it is measured and how its measurement is evaluated, effects of noise exposure, legal basis for the prevention of hearing loss due to noise exposure, different types of hearing protection, noise insulation (limit values in Switzerland; measures to be taken in view of the EC Directive); adoption of the new single number rating to be applied to hearing protective devices. A review of different hearing protection equipment is given. Acoustic communication in noisy surroundings is explained. Swiss regulations on the subject are reviewed. A chapter is devoted to the reluctance of workers to wear hearing protection equipment. (63050)

CIS 94-1554 Cylinders: Risks of accidents, objectives of safety, solutions. (French: Cylindres, risques d'accidents, objectifs de sécurité, solutions; German: Walzen: Unfallgefahren, Schutzziele und Lösungen; Italian: Cilindri: Rischi d'infortunio, obiettivi della sicurezza, soluzioni) Schaffner H., Mattli K., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 24p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This publication is addressed to the person responsible for safety in enterprises and to manufacturers of machines using rolls. It describes the hazards that normally occur in connection with rolls. Solutions like safety devices and safe distances, as well as a number of illustrated practical examples, are given. (63047)

CIS 94-1555 Mechanics of breakage: Propagation threshold, fatigue fracture propagation. (French: Mécanique de la rupture: seuil de propagation, propagation des fissures par fatigue) Bouhelier C., Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 1992. 121p. Illus. 51 ref., ISBN 2-85400-143-5 (In French)

This training booklet is aimed at non-specialists in the field of mechanical engineering who are involved in the design of structures subject to sudden breakage or progressive fissurization. Definitions, theory, measurement techniques (of fissurization speed and resistance to fractures) and calculation methods are presented. (63216)

CIS 94-1556 Guide to the use of cutting fluids. (French: Guide d'emploi des fluides de coupe) Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 2nd ed., 1989. vii, 135p. Illus. 27 ref. Index., ISBN 2-85400-116-8 (In French)

Guide to the characteristics, selection and use of cutting fluids, and to the monitoring of workers exposed to them. The disposal of used cutting fluids is also discussed. (63217)

CIS 94-1557 Manual handling: An ergonomic approach. Pheasant S., Stubbs D., Thorn EMI, National Back Pain Association, 16 Elmtree Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 8ST, United Kingdom, 1994. 48p. Illus. 10 ref. Index. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-9507726-8-2 (In English)

Safety guide on the applications of ergonomics to manual handling. It covers: back pain at work (including discussions of EC directives and HSE guidance documents on the matter); body mechanics; ergonomics (the working area; the load; guidelines for assessment of load weight, twisting, handling frequency, stooping, carrying, pushing, pulling; rest pauses); risk assessment checklist of manual handling tasks; training; special procedures. (63206)

CIS 94-1558 If the task fits. Ergonomics at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 6p. 7 ref. (In English)

This leaflet briefly describes the meaning of ergonomics and how effective use of ergonomic principles can help to improve health and safety at work. Examples are given of the use of ergonomics in the design of hand tools and the layout of controls and displays along with an outline of how to carry out an ergonomic evaluation of the workplace. (62871)

CIS 94-1559 Stress in the workplace - An occupational health nursing update. Northwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, SC-34 Seattle, Washington 98195, USA, 1994. 156p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This document contains material presented at a training course on the occurrence and management of stress in the workplace. Topics covered: violence in the workplace; traumatic stress in the workplace; theoretical perspectives on occupational stress; environmental factors; preventive strategies; workplace mistreatment; employee assistance programmes; critical incident stress debriefing. (63120)

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CIS 94-1560 A proposal to develop a national occupational exposure databank. Gomez M.R., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1993, Vol.8, No.9, p.768-774. 65 ref. (In English)

The rationale and strategy to develop a US national occupational exposure databank (NOED) are described. The NOED would support exposure assessment activities that are needed for risk assessment and risk management goals, including exposure assessment research, epidemiological investigations, surveillance, and policy and programme design and evaluation. By defining exposures and the parameters associated with them in various industries and jobs, the NOED would also focus increased attention on the need to reduce occupational health hazards. The proposed NOED would contain exposure measurements and information about exposure determinants, and it would rely initially on data from compliance-related activities in the federal sector. The criteria needed for an effective databank are discussed, along with the need to improve the methods now available to capture and code exposure determinants. The possible future expansion of the NOED to include data from private employers is discussed. (62984)

CIS 94-1561 Training of occupational first aid and rescue workers - Programme changes. (French: Formation des sauveteurs-secouristes du travail - Modification du programme) Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.247-250. (In French)

Contents of the new training programme for occupational first aid and rescue workers in France: rescue work-first aid in the workplace; research of permanent risks with a view to protect workers; examination of victims and risk communication; administration of first-aid care; situations associated with specific risks; organization of training; control of behaviour. (63186)

CIS 94-1562 Occupational injury deaths - United States, 1980-1989. Journal of the American Medical Association, 18 May 1994, Vol.271, No.19, p.1474-1475. 3 ref. (In English)

This report summarizes occupational injury deaths compiled by the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system for 1980-1989. During that period 63,589 workers died from occupational injuries. The leading causes were motor-vehicle related injuries (23%), machine-related injuries (14%), homicides (12%), falls (10%), electrocutions (7%) and incidents involving being struck by a falling object (7%). Industrial sectors with the highest fatality rates were mining, construction, transportation/communication/public utilities and agriculture/ forestry/fishing. An editorial note considers that these findings may be used in targeting injury-prevention efforts for workers in high risk groups. (63007)

CIS 94-1563 Quality circles, health circles and other problem-solving groups - A comparative presentation of the various concepts. (German: Qualitätszirkel, Gesundheitszirkel und andere Problemlösungsgruppen - eine vergleichende Darstellung der verschiedenen Konzepte) Johannes D., Amtliche Mitteilungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Aug. 1993, 33p. 25 ref. Special issue. (In German)

In the early 1990s, various problem-solving groups such as quality, safety, and health circles were installed in German companies. Comparison of the concepts behind the various problem-solving groups reveals that apart from the different goals, they differ mainly with regard to membership rules, problem-solving procedures and techniques. (62904)

CIS 94-1564 Study of work conditions in 1992 - Activities of the Higher Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks. (French: Bilan des conditions de travail 1992 - Activité du Conseil supérieur de la prévention des risques professionnels) Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.54, p.183-202. 6 ref. (In French)

This document contains excerpts from the chapter "Examination of work conditions 1992" of the Annual Report of the Higher Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks, devoted to the Council's activities in occupational medicine. Work carried out by various committees in 1992 is presented, followed by a list of legislation under study or in press in France. (63184)

CIS 94-1565 Practical measures in accident prevention. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1992, Vol.2, No.2, p.31-60. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This issue concentrates on the experiences of various African countries in accident prevention. Contents: chemical accidents and disasters in Kenya (H.A. Onyoyo); trade union accident prevention programmes in Zimbabwe (R. Loewenson); practical measures in accident prevention (C.P.N. Shilla and R.A. Monyo); the role of posters in OHS - the Ethiopian experience (M.Y. Defabachew); factory inspection - technical competence is not enough (L.R. Heron). Other articles include: occupational health and safety studies in Swaziland (M.P. Mandara); priorities in occupational health and safety in a developing country (J.R. Jepsen). (63060)

CIS 94-1566 Associations between occupational hazards detected with log-linear statistical methods. Takala J., Safety Science, Nov. 1993, Vol.17, No.1, p.13-28. 15 ref. (In English)

A collected data matrix of safety and health information in industries in Thailand was examined in an attempt to analyze associations between various hazards or problems in industries, grouping selected problems together. Altogether 27 groups were established based on more than 2000 cross-tabulations between pairs of hazards or influencing factors. Three successfully tested models are presented; the method used was hierarchical log-linear analysis. A number of associations between various hazard categories were established. Lack of knowledge about hazards, poor personal protection and poor housekeeping were found to be interlinked with a number of mechanical, physical, chemical and ergonomic hazards or problems. (63073)

CIS 94-1567 Health and safety in the global village?. Leighton P., Health and Safety at Work, Oct. 1993, Vol.15, No.10, p.35-37. Illus. (In English)

The heightened interest in occupational health and safety in Malta is discussed. While the introduction of effective health and safety legislation is a key element in Malta's application to join the European Communities, there is also a growing recognition that Malta has a high occupational accident rate. The government has recently introduced a new health and safety bill based on EC directives. An example is given of the progress of one safety specialist in his attempts to establish a safety culture in the face of a lack of significant formal legal structure and a Maltese culture not generally safety conscious. (63076)

CIS 94-1568 General perspectives on policies for the prevention of occupational hazards in France - 1993 Programme. (French: Orientations générales de la politique de prévention des risques professionnels - Programme 1993) Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.54, p.203-205. (In French)

Given: a) the evolution of regulations in France as a result of the implementation of the Single Act; b) the steady increase in the frequency of occupational accidents; c) and the will to pursue the strategy adopted in 1992 to ensure a better coordination of public policies, five priorities have been selected: to promote risk assessment approaches and work changes in collaboration with employees and their representatives; to further mobilize agencies with responsibilities for accident prevention in a number of priority risks; to further update regulations on occupational medicine and to comment on their impact; to define a strategy regarding manual handling; to launch a specific information effort, particularly in the fields of machinery and personal protective equipment. (63185)

CIS 94-1569 Earth Summit '92. Quarrie J., ed., The Regency Press Corporation, Gordon House, 6 Lissenden Gardens, London NW5 1LX, United Kingdom, 1992. xvi, 240p. Illus., ISBN 0-9520469-0-3 (In English)

Report on the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992. The 27 principles of the Rio declaration are listed and the programme areas that constitute Agenda 21 are described in terms of the basis for action, objectives, activities and means of implementation. These programme areas are listed under the broad headings: social and economic dimensions; conservation and management of resources for development; strengthening the role of major groups; means of implementation. (62880)

CIS 94-1570 Occupational health and safety performance, Australia - Best estimates. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Feb. 1993. v, 26p. 11 ref., ISBN 0-644-24555-7 (In English)

This report provides broad estimates of Australia's occupational safety and health performance for the years prior to the implementation of the National Data Set for Compensation-based Statistics in 1991-92. Contents: national and jurisdiction estimates for occupational injury and disease experience 1987-1988 to 1989-90 (fatalities, new injury and disease cases, time lost); costs of workers' compensation; selected state and territory charts and tables. (63089)

CIS 94-1571 Industry occupational health and safety performance, Australia - A statistical summary 1986-87. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Feb. 1993. xix, 157p. 12 ref., ISBN 0-644-24556-5 (In English)

This report presents a statistical summary of a range of data on occupational injuries detailing selected aspects of the occupational injury problem in Australia. An overview of occupational injuries (type and agency of accident, nature of injury, time lost, age, industries and occupations affected) is followed by detailed statistics relating to age, industry, occupation and nature of injury. (63090)

CIS 94-1572 The Belgian social consultation system. Employment and labour in Belgium. Labour regulation. The Ministry of Employment and Labour, Belliardstraat 51, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1993. 3 booklets (14p., 26p. and 14p.). (In English)

These three brochures describe: the role of various organizations within the Belgian consultation system (workers' organizations, employers' organizations, the Works' Council, the Safety and Health Committee, and others); the institutions and organizations that manage employment and labour and the principal components of the labour regulations including those for safety and health at work; the principles of individual and collective labour law and elements of labour regulations including working hours, night work and child and youth labour. These brochures are also available in Dutch, French and German. (62872)

CIS 94-1573 European Community meeting of labour inspector trainers (health and safety at work). (French: Rencontre communautaire des responsables de la formation des inspecteurs du travail (santé et sécurité au travail)) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1992. iv, 93p. Price: ECU 8.75., ISBN 92-826-3332-2 (Eng), ISBN 92-826-3333-0 (fr) (In English, French)

Proceedings of a European Community meeting of labour inspectors trainers held in Marcy-l'Etoile, France, 4-8 February 1991. Papers cover systems for training labour inspectors in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany and Rhineland-Palatinate, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. (63078)

CIS 94-1574 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health - Annual report 1993. Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1994. 52p.+42p. Illus. (In English)

Contents: the social and economic context of the Institute and its activities; administration; finances; action; programmes; research; services; training and education; information and public relations; international collaboration; international advisory activity; administrative personnel; organization. A separate listing of Institute publications is included. (62890)

CIS 94-1575 Toil and toxics - Workplace struggles and political strategies for occupational health. Robinson J.C., University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, 1991. xx, 226p. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-520-08448-9 (In English)

This book examines the strategies that various worker groups have used in recent years to effect changes in the management of occupational hazards. Economic, political and legal data are used to evaluate the four basic strategies pursued: individual decisions to leave dangerous jobs; collective struggles for improved conditions; legal battles to require disclosure of information and prevent discrimination against health and safety activities; political campaigns to mobilize the standards-setting and enforcement powers of government. A final chapter compares the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy. Statistical data are analyzed for a 30-year period between the late 1950s and the late 1980s. (62913)

CIS 94-1576 An environmental Odyssey - People, pollution and politics in the life of a practical scientist. Eisenbud M., University of Washington Press, P.O. Box 50096, Seattle, Washington 98145-5096, USA, 1990. xi, 264p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 24.95., ISBN 0-295-96949-0 (In English)

This book is an autobiographical account of the work of Merril Eisenbud and his pursuit of practical, scientifically sound solutions to a range of environmental problems; activities focus on the protection of human health from the effects of chemical and radioactive pollution both in the workplace and in the general environment. The complex subject of environmental hazards is explained along with the necessity of involving science in the formulation of public policy. A final chapter provides an analysis of current environmental problems and highlights those that need immediate attention. (62914)

CIS 94-1577 Occupational health and safety performance overviews, selected industries - Issue No.1. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Feb. 1994. viii, 25p. Illus. (In English)

This document contains data on occupational injuries and diseases compiled from claims for workers' compensation in Australia for the financial year 1991-92. The data do not cover all occurrences of occupational injuries and diseases but provide a general focus on potential problem areas. An analysis of the statistics is presented for: all industries; fire brigades; forestry logging and log sawmilling industries; hospitals and nursing homes; paper, printing and related industries. (63001)

CIS 94-1578 Computing in occupational and environmental health. (French: L'informatique appliquée à la santé au travail et dans l'environnement) Amphoux M., Commission of the European Communities, ed., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. v, 323p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-826-4833-8 (In English, French, Spanish)

Proceedings of the third international workshop on computing in occupational and environmental health held in Paris, France, 7-8 November 1991. Papers are presented under the following headings: medical record computing; databases; computerized training; epidemiological methodology and results; help in making a decision; management and regulations. Papers are presented in the original language (English, French or Spanish). (63079)

CIS 94-1579 English/Portuguese dictionary of technical terms on environmental sciences. (Portuguese: Dicionário inglês-português de termos técnicos de ciências ambientais) Braile P.M., Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), Serviço Social da Indústria, Departamento Nacional (SESI-DN/COHISI), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. 481p. + tables. (In English, Portuguese)

English-Portuguese dictionary of terms used in the environmental sciences, including occupational safety and health. In addition to a very large number of technical (mostly engineering) expressions, the dictionary covers many acronyms, including those for the names of organizations active in the field. Many of the terms are accompanied by an explanation/definition in Portuguese, sometimes quite detailed. (63107)

CIS 94-1580 Thesaurus for the work environment. Wallin K.G., ed., Arbetsmiljöbiblioteket, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. i, 146p. (In English, Swedish)

Bilingual (English, Swedish) thesaurus of work environment terms used for subject searching of the Swedish database Arbline. The terms are grouped according to 21 main subject areas: environment; working life; industrial branches and services; operation and work processes; equipment and technical systems; materials and products; chemicals; groups of persons; building and facilities; social systems and society; physics; methods, measurement and investigations; disciplines; anatomy and body regions; body fluids, tissues and cells; physiology; diseases, disorders and accidents; organisms (i.e. animals, plants and microorganisms); toxicology; generalities; countries, regions and organizations. Alphabetic index in both languages. (63129)

CIS 94-1581 Prevention of occupational hazards. (French: Prévention des risques professionnels) Ho M.T., Monteau M., Pietruszynski M., Vandevyver B., Voisin J.C., Techniques de l'ingénieur, service commercial, 21, rue Cassette, 75006 Paris, France, 1993. 39p. 34 ref. Price: FFR 1,142.18 + VAT. (In French)

Regularly updated publication concerning occupational hazards and their prevention. Main topics covered: 1 - Occupational hazards (general aspects, occupational accidents and diseases, other risks and sources of injury, costs of occupational hazards). 2 - Relevant French legislation (laws and regulations in effect, labour inspection, particular issues concerning the construction industry, national research and advisory bodies in France, private bodies, etc.). 3 - Principles, methods and tools used in safety and health (safety engineering, ergonomics, hazard studies, investigation of accidents and dangerous incidents, carrying out and follow-up of preventive measures). 4 - Implementation of preventive measures within enterprises (role of the managing director; definition of safety and health policies; hazard evaluation; safety and health organization; implementation, carrying out, follow-up and evaluation of preventive action). (63198)

CIS 94-1582 Canadian health and safety legislation. (French: Législation canadienne sur la santé et la sécurité) Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 1H6, Canada, 1992- 1 CD-ROM disk (runs on IBM compatible computers + Windows). Updated 4 times a year. (In English, French)

CD-ROM containing the full text of Canadian legislation on safety and health matters (including OSH and environmental safety). Important laws, regulations and codes of practice issued by the federal, provincial and territorial governments are included, in the languages in which they are available. Regulations judged to be of lesser importance are not included in full text, but are listed by jurisdiction. A user's introductory manual is included with the disc. Former title: Canadian OSH legislation. (63106)

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CIS 94-1583 Hand-arm vibration syndrome. A double-blind case-control study with a new esthesiometer. Chatterjee D.S., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, no.3, p.145-150. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey of 34 subjects (15 with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and 19 controls) was followed by a clinical examination and esthesiometry testing for the measurement of tactile depth perception. 14 of the 15 subjects with HAVS were positively diagnosed as suffering from the syndrome and one of the 19 controls had a false positive result. The study showed that the new esthesiometer, although not totally objective, could be regarded as an effective tool for the diagnosis of HAVS in clinical and field studies. (63025)

CIS 94-1584 Atopic allergy to chloramine-T and the demonstration of specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test. Blomqvist A.M., Axelsson I.G.K., Danielsson D., Kiviloog J., Ulander A., Zetterström O., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.363-365. 14 ref. (In English)

Chloramine-T is a small molecular oxidizing agent that has been widely used as a disinfectant since the beginning of this century. It is generally used in a 5% solution but it is also supplied in powder form. Sporadic case reports of immediate-type sensitization to this agent associated with symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and urticaria have appeared during recent decades. In one of the reports, specific IgE antibodies in sera of four patients who developed asthmatic symptoms after exposure to chloramine-T were demonstrated using a radioimmuno-assay. Three cases of bronchial asthma in workers who had handled chloramine-T powder are described in the present report. Positive skin prick test reactions to chloramine-T were observed and specific IgE antibodies to human serum albumin treated with chloramine-T were detected using the classic radioallergosorbent (RAST) technique in all three patients. (62970)

CIS 94-1585 Problems of inference from hypothesis-generating studies on lung cancer and occupation based on routine hospital records. Cocco P., Cherchi R., Cherchi P., Onnis R., Daga G., Pisano M., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.355-361. 13 ref. (In English)

A hospital-based case-control study on 567 male lung cancer patients and 906 controls illustrated the shortcomings of the technique. Possible causes of bias are: poor details on occupational information, large proportion of exclusion due to incomplete information, cardiovascular diseases as the prevalent diagnosis among controls, problems in comparing data from different hospitals. The limitations of using inference from hypothesis-generating case-control studies based upon routine hospital records outweigh the advantages of the ready availability of these databases. Summary in Italian. (62941)

CIS 94-1586 Using reference values in pulmonary ventilation studies. Bugiani M., Piccioni P., Carosso A., Arossa W., Bosia S., Luccoli L., Rampulla C., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.362-372. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

Six different sets of pulmonary ventilation reference values were evaluated in a sample of 200 foundry workers and 200 controls not exposed to dust (50% of each group were smokers) were examined. The relationship between the reference values and their capacity to discriminate between workers occupationally exposed to dust and workers who smoked was evaluated. There were very significant differences among the various reference values. A critical approach to the use of reference values is needed, particularly in screening tests. Summary in Italian. (62942)

CIS 94-1587 Cement dermatitis in underground workers during construction of the Channel Tunnel. Irvine C., Pugh C.E., Hansen E.J., Rycroft R.J.G., Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.44, No.1, p.17-23. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

A surveillance programme was set up to monitor and investigate underground cement workers and other workers with skin problems during construction of the Channel Tunnel. Of 1,138 men assessed during a 2-year period, 332 were diagnosed as having occupational dermatitis, past or present; 111 of the 466 grouters assessed had a history of the disease at some time. Overall, 96 of the 180 workers who were patch tested were found to be allergic to chromate. Most cases of occupational dermatitis improved with regular medical supervision, education and personal protective measures. The addition of ferrous sulfate has been shown to decrease the level of allergenic hexavalent chromate in cement. (62948)

CIS 94-1588 Localized inflammatory pulmonary disease in subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos. Hammar S.P., Hallman K.O., Chest, June 1993, Vol.103, No.6, p.1792-1799. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

In reviewing pathology materials from patients occupationally exposed to asbestos, eight patients were identified with either localized nodules in their lungs or unusual pathological changes. The cases reported suggest that asbestos may cause localized lesions in the lung that are clinically and radiographically misinterpreted as cancer and that show inflammation and fibrosis of the distal airways pathologically. In addition, the observations suggest that asbestos may cause granulomatous inflammation, a desquamative interstitial type pneumonitis, and a lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis type pattern. The conclusion that asbestos may cause these pathological changes is supported by case reports in the clinical and pathological literature, clinicopathological studies, and by experimental studies. (62989)

CIS 94-1589 The relationship between HLA-A, B, DQ, and DR antigens and asbestos-induced lung disease. Shih J.F., Hunninghake G.W., Goeken N.E., Galvin J.R., Merchant J.A., Schwartz D.A., Chest, July 1993, Vol.104, No.1, p.26-31. 28 ref. (In English)

To evaluate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and both asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis and pleural fibrosis, HLA-A, B, C, DQ and DR phenotypes were obtained in 42 long-term asbestos-exposed workers. There was an increased percentage of HLA-A29, HLA-B44, and HLA Bw4 in the subjects with asbestosis. In addition, there was a marginally positive relationship between HLA-A29 and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Similarly, there was a higher prevalence of HLA-DRw53 and DQ2 in the subjects with asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis. HLA-A29, HLA-B44, HLA-Bw4, HLA-DRw53, and HLA-DQ2 do not have a significantly shorter duration or latency of asbestos exposure. These results suggest that the HLA-A29 phenotype may be associated with the development of asbestosis and the HLA-DQ2 phenotype with the development of asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis. Caution is advised, however, in that the associations are not particularly strong, physiological correlation is lacking, and previous studies do not support the findings. (62990)

CIS 94-1590 Lung berylliosis. (French: Bérylliose pulmonaire) Rosenberg N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.259-263. 41 ref. (In French)

Data sheet on lung berylliosis. Pathophysiology: pathogenesis of acute berylliosis; pathogenesis of chronic berylliosis. Prevalence and epidemiology. Diagnosis of berylliosis: acute berylliosis; chronic lung berylliosis (diagnosis in the workplace, diagnosis in specialized environments; aetiologic diagnosis). Evolution. Prevention: medical and technical prevention. Compensation in France. (63188)

CIS 94-1591 Carpal tunnel syndrome at work - Results of a survey. (French: Syndrome du canal carpien en milieu professionnel - Résultats d'une enquête) Boitel L., Demogeot F., Gloc M.H., Pale S., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.269-275. 50 ref. (In French)

The prevalence of occupational carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in the workplace and its distribution according to individual factors and workplace parameters were studied. All cases reported for one year were collected and a differential and aetiologic diagnosis was made taking into account contributing factors. The prevalence of CTS exceeds 13% in some sectors. Women are more prone to the syndrome (excess possibly linked to their prevalence in certain occupations). No correlation was found with age. Paraesthesia related to work rhythm was reported. Occupational gestures responsible for the syndrome show a pattern of work rhythm, speed and gesture repetition. This study confirms the occupational aetiology of the syndrome and its role in this multifactor pathology. (63190)

CIS 94-1592 Employee advisory boards as a vehicle for organizing worksite health promotion programmes. Sorensen G., Hsieh J., Hunt M.K., Morris D.H., Harris D.R., Fitzgerald G., American Journal of Health Promotion, July-Aug. 1992, Vol.6, No.6, p.443-450. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

Employee advisory committees were organized to facilitate implementation of a worksite nutrition programme called Treatwell. A survey of committee members and other employees at these sites showed that the average number of hours board members spent on the committee was directly related to the proportion of employees aware of the nutrition programme. Conflicts between committee and job responsibilities was the primary factor reported as limiting the boards' effectiveness. Professionals and managers were over-represented on boards compared to non-managers. (63056)

CIS 94-1593 Biological monitoring and medical screening at the workplace in the EC countries. Rasmussen K., Lunde-Jensen P., Svane O., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.347-352. 12 ref. (In English)

This study examines the character and extent of the use of health surveillance in the work environment in the individual EC countries. The chief medical officers of the National Labour Inspectorates (with the exception of Greece and Luxembourg) supplied information on substances covered by health surveillance programmes together with legislative status and numbers of exposed workers. A table shows which countries have programmes for a range of metals, solvents, dust, selected chemicals, ionizing radiation, biological agents, carcinogens and genotoxic substances. Results suggest that the use of health surveillance is related more to the national choice of standard regulatory instruments than to relevant exposure. (62967)

CIS 94-1594 The need for more reliable information on the incidence and prevalence of occupationally related problems. Boillat M.A., Noël B., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, No.3, p.123-124. 9 ref. (In English)

The need for reliable information regarding the incidence and prevalence of occupational diseases is briefly discussed. Although many sources of data on occupational diseases are available, these sources have their limits and reliable data are often unavailable; there is considerable under-reporting of some occupational diseases. If preventive measures are based only on data obtained from compensated cases, this does not take into account the numerous situations where the ailment is only partially related to work (e.g. depressive states, back problems). Recommendations are made for a better estimation of reality. (63021)

CIS 94-1595 An audit of occupational medicine consultation records. Agius R.M., Lee R.J., Symington I.S., Riddle H.F.V., Seaton A., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, No.3, p.151-157. 14 ref. (In English)

An external audit was carried out on 313 randomly selected consultation records from the occupational health services of three Scottish health boards over a 26-month period. In an appreciable number of the consultations, shortcomings were observed in the referral record or the consultation record. The consultation records of 'career' occupational physicians were better than those of 'non-career' physicians, especially in recording specific diagnoses. The values of medical audit in improving quality of care and education in occupational medicine are discussed. (63026)

CIS 94-1596 Occupational and environmental medicine. Frank A.L., Journal of the American Medical Association, July 1992, Vol.268, No.3, p.385-386. (In English)

Review of important developments in the fields of occupational medicine and environmental medicine. Two events are highlighted: the role played by preventative medicine, in its occupational and environmental aspects, in protecting the health of US forces in the Middle East and a fire tragedy at a chicken processing plant in North Carolina which led to a major re-examination of US workplace safety and health policies. Other developments described include: problems in the diagnosis of repetitive trauma disorders; assessment of pneumoconioses; asbestos-related litigation; changes in medical evaluation and assessment of suitability for employment; AIDS testing of health care personnel. (63055)

CIS 94-1597 Teratogenic effects of noise and cadmium in mice: does noise have teratogenic potential?. Murata M., Takigawa H., Sakamoto H., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, June 1993, Vol.39, No.2, p.237-245. 25 ref. (In English)

The teratogenicity of combined exposure to noise and cadmium was studied in mice. Although combined treatment with cadmium and noise resulted in an increase in total percentages of malformed foetuses compared to the same dose of cadmium alone, the interactions between cadmium and noise showed no synergistic effect on teratogenicity. The magnitude of teratogenicity due to noise is much weaker than that of cadmium, and is therefore easily masked by that of cadmium in statistical tests of the significance of differences. (63059)

CIS 94-1598 Assessment of the accuracy of physical activity questionnaire occupational data. Ainsworth B.E., Jacobs D.R., Leon A.S., Richardson M.T., Montoye H.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1017-1027. 33 ref. (In English)

The validity and reliability of occupational physical activity data from survey instruments were determined for 75 men and women in white-collar jobs. Data were validated against measures of cardio-respiratory fitness, body fatness, motion detection, pulmonary function, and 12 days of occupational physical activity records. More than 90% of work time was spent in light-intensity sitting, standing, and walking. Test-retest reliability was high for most occupational questions. However, the correlation between questionnaire data and validation data that reflect heavy intensity physical activity was low. The modified Tecumseh Occupational Questionnaire and Seven-Day Recall, which classified occupational physical activity in hours per work week, and the ratio of the metabolic rate for a specific activity to the resting metabolic rate on the job correlated best with physical activity records. (62893)

CIS 94-1599 Work disability and workers' compensation. Bohmfalk G.L., Heath G.W., LaPlante M.P., Journal of the American Medical Association, 13 Apr. 1994, Vol.271, No.14, p.1079. 3 ref. (In English)

This brief communication refers to an earlier article describing a decrease in the prevalence of work disability in the USA. A further reason put forward for this decrease is the significant number of patients who are opting out of the workers' compensation programme; in cases where doctors no longer accept workers' compensation cases, patients who had previously filed workers' compensation claims readily file on their regular health insurance instead. Workers' compensation policies and eligibility criteria should be examined and possibly revised in order to restore legitimacy to the system. (63117)

CIS 94-1600 An integrative perspective on work-site health promotion. DeJoy D.M., Southern D.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1221-1230. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

Health promotion efforts, particularly those directed at resistant and high-risk workers, should be integrated into a corporate health strategy in which equal concern is expressed for individual lifestyle modification and the provision of safe and healthful working condition. The principal goal of integrative programming is to devise complementary behavioural and environmental interventions to reduce workplace health problems. Implementation of such a programme has three phases: development of an appropriate health policy and enlistment of management support; identification of specific problems; design, implementation and evaluation of interventions. (63036)

CIS 94-1601 Malignant tumours of the lower urinary tract and occupational risk factors. (German: Bösartige Tumoren der ableitenden Harnwege und Risiken am Arbeitsplatz) Bolm-Audorff U., Jöckel K.H., Kilguss B., Pohlabeln H., Siepenkothen T., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 179p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-89429-409-4 (In German)

Chemists, chemical workers, employees in the rubber industry and hairdressers run a significantly higher risk of developing malignant tumours of the lower urinary tract. Painters were found to be at higher risk also, but not on a statistically significant level. Smoking and the consumption of beer and coffee were identified as non-occupational risk factors. (62954)

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CIS 94-1602 Estimating historical exposure to silica among mine and pottery workers in the People's Republic of China. Dosemeci M., Chen J.Q., Hearl F., Chen R.G., McCawley M., Wu Z., McLaughlin J.K., Peng K.L., Chen A.L., Rexing S.H., Blot W.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.55-66. 20 ref. (In English)

A retrospective exposure assessment method was developed for use in a study of lung cancer among mine and pottery workers exposed to silica in 20 mines (10 tungsten, 6 iron/copper, 4 tin) and nine pottery factories. Historical exposure data and work histories were collected for 1,668 study subjects. The average total dust concentration was estimated to be 9mg/m³ with a range from 28mg/m³ in earlier years to 3mg/m³ in recent years. Several exposure indices (cumulative dust, average dust, cumulative respirable and thoracic silica dust, exposure-weighted duration and highest/longest exposure) were calculated for each subject. (62916)

CIS 94-1603 The short-term outcome of hand problems in music students. Manchester R.A., Lustik S., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, June 1989, Vol.4, No.2, p.95-96. 6 ref. (In English)

Forty-nine musicians who had presented to their University's health service for performance-related hand problems were followed by survey one year later. Results suggest that most musicians who seek medical care for such problems will be back to their baseline level of functioning with few or no symptoms in less than a year. However, a significant minority will be symptomatic and at least mildly limited in ability to perform. Although the sample size was small, findings are similar to those already documented in the literature. (63064)

CIS 94-1604 Respiratory health of swine producers - Focus on young workers. Zejda J.E., Hurst T.S., Rhodes C.S., Barber E.M., McDuffie H.H., Dosman J.A., Chest, Mar. 1993, Vol.103, No.3, p.702-709. 28 ref. (In English)

The report compares the respiratory health of 249 swine producers, 251 grain farmers, and 263 non-farming control subjects. Swine producers had significantly more symptoms of chronic bronchitis (15.3%) than did grain farmers (7.2%) or non-farming men (5.7%). After controlling for age, height, and smoking, the functional indices of airflow were slightly but significantly lower in swine producers than in grain farmers. In comparison with non-farming subjects, some of the functional indices were significantly lower in swine producers. Respiratory symptoms were associated with the number of hours of work per day. This indirect index of exposure was also inversely associated with FVC (p<0.01) and FEV₁ (p=0.06), after adjustment for age, height, smoking, and dust mask usage. A relative excess of respiratory symptoms and lower lung function variables were found in swine producers aged 26 to 35 years. (62987)

CIS 94-1605 Ontario gold miners with lung cancer - Occupational exposure assessment in establishing work relatedness. Kabir H., Bilgi C., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1203-1207. 19 ref. (In English)

Determination of the work-relatedness of the compensation claims of Ontario gold miners who had primary lung cancer could not be based upon any strict occupational criteria. However, a relationship between exposure to silica, arsenic, and radon progeny was derived from results of the epidemiological studies. A retrospective occupational exposure assessment of silica dust, arsenic and radon decay products was made in 11 individual cases presented in this paper. The exposure parameters provided persuasive evidence when the data were consistent with the key epidemiological findings, e.g. the miner's age at first exposure, length of dusty exposure, and latency. (63033)

CIS 94-1606 The zero accident approach at British Steel, Teesside works. Ball J., Procter D., Loss Prevention Bulletin, June 1993, No.111, p.5-11. Illus. (In English)

The potential hazards within an integrated steelworks are outlined and the development of an accident prevention programme is described. Total Quality was adopted as the driving force for changing attitude and culture. The new approach to accident prevention was set within four basic parameters (positive safety, plant level planning, supervisory focus, utilization of social processes) which were then translated into a 10 point plan for improvement. The implementation of the plan is described along with examples of achievements. A table shows overall reduction in all injuries and in lost-time injuries. (63019)

CIS 94-1607 Foundries: Coremaking processes. (French: Les fonderies: procédés de noyautage) Bezard F., Dubois J.P., Jourdain P., Laplaiche N., Richard P., de Roll P., Rolland A.M., Roussel D., Scalbert J., Violette E., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.251-258. 28 ref. (In French)

The general and specific risks of the coremaking process and their management are reviewed. Suggestions are made for the monitoring of workplaces and for medical surveillance. (63187)

CIS 94-1608 Eye injury and eye protection: A survey of the chemical industry. Griffith G.A.P., Jones N.P., Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.44, No.1, p.37-40. 10 ref. (In English)

In a population of 62,839 chemical industry workers studied for one month (approximately 10 million man-hours), 60 eye injuries (45.1% of all eye injuries) were caused by chemicals (eye injury incidence 11.4 per 1,000 employees per year). Six patients (10%) required hospital attention; no sight-threatening injuries occurred. It is recognized that most of these injuries are avoidable. Eye protectors were not a requirement in some situations where injury occurred, were not used where specified in some cases, and in others failed to prevent injury even when worn. This low incidence of injury can be further reduced by appropriate selection and wear of protectors, by education and by legislation. (62950)

CIS 94-1609 Investigation of hematuria at a printing company. Sinclair M.I., McNeil J.J, Atkins R.C., Turnidge J.D., Wood C.J., Matthews B.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1055-1061. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

An investigation was undertaken at a printing company into an apparently high prevalence of trace dipstick haematuria discovered during routine medical examinations. In both the printing employees and a control group from other industries, the prevalence of haematuria exceeded that described in most previous reports (using the criterion of >12 glomerular red cells or >2 non-glomerular red cells/mL of urine). No focus of abnormality was identified within the printing plant and no association was identified between reported exposure to potentially toxic substances and the degree of haematuria. An occupational hygiene inspection and medical follow-up of selected workers did not reveal any significant abnormalities. The limitations of available information concerning "normal" urinalysis results suggests that haematuria may not be a useful test for the screening of occupational groups at risk of bladder cancer. (62898)

CIS 94-1610 The health status of an ambulance service. Boreham C.A.G., Gamble R.P., Wallace W.F.M., Cran G.W., Stevens A.B., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, No.3, p.137-140. 23 ref. (In English)

The health status of 93 male ambulance personnel in Belfast, United Kingdom was evaluated; risk factors for coronary heart disease were assessed. Blood pressure values were significantly higher than in a comparable study of the local general population; the incidence of self-reported smoking was also higher. The majority of body mass indices were above the acceptable range and serum cholesterol levels were raised in 52% of personnel. Overall, 83% of men over 40 and 49% of younger participants had two or more major coronary risk factors. Results suggest an urgent need for strategies to reduce overall risk. (63024)

CIS 94-1611 Disabling injuries to childcare workers in Minnesota, 1985 to 1990 - An analysis of potential risk factors. Brown M.Z., Gerberich S.G., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1236-1243. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

Injuries among childcare centre workers in Minnesota, USA, were examined via two sources of information: Minnesota Department of Jobs and Training, and Minnesota Department of Labor. The study period was 1985-1990. The following parameters are described: job classification, injured part of body, type of injury, mechanism of injury, time of year, and age group. Cooks had the highest injury rate. The back was the part of the body suffering the most injuries. The average cost of disabilities was calculated at USD 3,759. (63038)

CIS 94-1612 Safety in small and medium-sized firms in France. Some specific problems. (French: La sécurité dans les petites et moyennes entreprises françaises. Quelques problèmes spécifiques) Pham D., Monteau M., Favaro M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1943-153-93, p.545-550. 18 ref. (In French)

This article reports on 3 surveys carried out by the INRS in French small and medium-sized firms in order to: identify ways in which the responsibility for safety can be accepted by the firm, describe "jamming mechanisms" hindering the effective application of risk prevention measures, and explore the means for the introduction of safety by design at the management level. (63132)

CIS 94-1613 Personal risk assessment under the Americans with Disabilities Act - A decision analysis approach. Harber P., Hsu P., Fedoruk M.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1000-1010. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

The "Americans with Disabilities Act" (ADA) requires employers to try to find appropriate jobs for handicapped persons. Pre-employment medical examinations must take account not only of a person's immediate ability to perform a task, but also of possible future risks associated with the work. A decision analysis model was designed and implemented to facilitate job placement decisions. It identified relevant input parameters such as typical probability and severity of adverse outcomes for three targets - the worker, the public, and productivity. In addition, specific factors that differentiate this decision from "typical" decisions are identified, including a person's health history, job site risk modifiers, and possible accommodation methods. Relevant societal values are also integrated. The system also includes a mathematical component to quantitatively integrate these input parameters for any number of events and modifiers to yield the risk of substantial harm. (62891)

CIS 94-1614 Aging and the careers of symphony orchestra musicians. Smith D.W.E., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, June 1989, Vol.4, No.2, p.81-85. 12 ref. (In English)

Fourteen retired musicians from an American symphony orchestra were interviewed to determine details of their careers, medical problems arising during the career and threatening it, and attitudes towards music, the orchestra and their careers. Although medical problems were mentioned, no one problem was found to be incompatible with playing to an advanced age. The musicians' attitudes towards their career and retirement are discussed. (63062)

CIS 94-1615 Worker protection, Japanese style: Occupational safety and health in the auto industry. Wokutch R.E., ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3901, USA, 1992. xiv, 263p. Illus. 171 ref. Index. Price: USD 39.00 (cloth), USD 18.95 (paper)., ISBN 0-87546-186-7(cloth), ISBN 0-87546-187-5 (paper) (In English)

This book is a report on a research study that investigated the difference between Japanese and other types of management, especially in the USA, as they applied to OSH. Major topics: the environmental context for OSH activities in Japan; the safety and health system in Japan; OSH in a Japanese automobile factory and its US subsidiary; the work injury and illness experiences of Japan and the USA; conclusions and recommendations. (62935)

CIS 94-1616 The construction industry. (Danish: Bygge og anlæg) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 68p. 29 ref. Price: DKK 100.00., ISBN 87-7534-421-1 (In Danish)

Volume No.1 of a series of monographs covering occupational safety and health in all sectors of the Danish economy. The major work environmental problems in the construction industry are accidents, hearing loss, brain damage (due to organic solvents) and musculoskeletal diseases. (62998)

CIS 94-1617 Education and research. (Danish: Undervisning og forskning) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 66p. 29 ref. Price: DKK 100.00., ISBN 87-7534-439-4 (In Danish)

Volume No.20 of a series of monographs covering occupational safety and health in all sectors of the Danish economy. The principal occupational safety and health problems in the sectors of education and research are psychological stress, indoor climate, and, in certain areas, musculoskeletal diseases, and chemical and biological hazards. (62999)

CIS 94-1618 Occupational hazards in nursing. (Portuguese: Riscos do trabalho de enfermagem) Bulhões I., Ivone Bulhões, Rua Joaquim Méier 104 ap. C05, 20725-050 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil, 1994. 221p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. (In Portuguese)

A thorough survey of the occupational hazards faced by nurses, with particular attention paid to the situation in Brazil. Contents: generalities (including extracts from ILO Recommendation 157, see CIS 78-1174); the high level of risks in nursing; ergonomic aspects; personal factors (age, physical capacity, compensatory mechanisms, body dimensions, particular issues connected with the fact that nurses are generally women, hazards affecting reproductive health); factors of work difficulty (physical workload and its effect on health, mental and psychic workload and its effects); biological, chemical (including wastes) and physical (radioactivity, lasers) hazards in the hospital environment. (63105)

CIS 94-1619 The selection and training of offshore installation managers for crisis management. Flin R., Slaven G., Offshore Management Centre, Robert Gordon University (Aberdeen), HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vii, 210p. 74 ref. Price: GBP 45.00., ISBN 0-7176-0776-3 (In English)

Final report of a project to examine how the selection and training of offshore installation managers (OIMs) might be improved, with particular reference to their ability to handle an offshore emergency. (Interim reports are abstracted under CIS 93-1244 and CIS 93-873). Conclusions and recommendations are discussed under the headings: selection criteria, selection methods, training procedures, simulated emergency exercises and competence assessment. In general, since OIMs manage a wide range of installations with different operational demands, assessment of competence to manage an emergency should be made in relation to the safety case of a particular installation. (63028)

CIS 94-1620 Construction site health and safety checklist. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Feb. 1994. 4p. (In English)

This data sheet lists the main points to consider when checking health and safety on a construction site. Topics covered: safe access; ladders; scaffolds; excavation; roof work; transport and mobile plant; machinery; cranes and lifting appliances; electricity; cartridge operated tools; falsework and formwork; risks to the public; fire protection; noise; hazardous substances; manual handling; protective clothing; welfare facilities. (63069)

CIS 94-1621 Occupational health - Model Code of Safe Practice Part 18. Institute of Petroleum, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, Sep. 1993. v, 17p. 15 ref. Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 0-471-94268-5 (In English)

This code of practice provides occupational health guidelines for the petroleum industry. Contents: recognition, evaluation and control of hazards and risks to health; general health hazards of petroleum products; specific hazards of hydrogen sulfide, hot bitumen, hydrofluoric acid, benzene and other substances; reporting of incidents, accidents and ill health; first aid and emergency planning arrangements; procedures for hazardous tasks; respiratory protection. (63009)

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CIS 94-1622 Immunity of microprocessor-based systems to radiated electromagnetic interference. (French: Immunité de systèmes à microprocesseurs aux perturbations électromagnétiques rayonnées) Klein R., Clauzade B., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1952-154-94, p.51-59. 6 ref. (In French)

Most components of automatic systems used in industrial process control are standard programmable microelectronics systems, and their malfunction may affect operator safety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of immunity of certain components to radiated interference. One programmable industrial controller, 2 sensors (pressure and temperature), one regulator and 3 microprocessors were tested using a measuring method comparable to the standard method. The results show that even if immunity is taken into account at the design stage, malfunctions still occur when the level of interference exceeds the immunity threshold specified by relevant standards, which can sometimes happen in the industrial environment. (63195)

CIS 94-1623 Avoidance of health risks in the manufacture of semiconductors. (German: Vermeiden von Gesundheitsrisiken in der Halbleiterfertigung) Roos G., Siemens-Zeitschrift, Special-FuE, Fall 1993, p.22-25. Illus. (In German)

The proportion of micronuclei in the lymphocytes of female workers in a semiconductor production plant was determined. The workers were responsible for cleaning and maintenance of the plasma etching reactor and exposed to more than 70 different chemical substances. With 9 to 14 micronuclei per 500 cells the number was above that expected (<8/500 cells). In order to reduce the incidence of micronuclei to <8/500 cells, exhaust hoods were installed, the training of the workers was improved, respirators were distributed for work on the open plasma etching reactor, and the reactor was purged with nitrogen prior to opening. (62901)

CIS 94-1624 Skin disorders among hand solderers in the electronics industry. Koh D., Lee H.S., Chia H.P., Phoon W.H., Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.44, No.1, p.24-28. 16 ref. (In English)

Full-time solderers (n=150) and non-soldering administrative staff (n=52) were examined to determine the prevalence of work-related skin disorders. Prevalence rates of ever having a work-related rash since the start of work were 19.5% for workers using multicore flux and 10.3% for liquid flux users; prevalence rates for those wearing cotton gloves were lower than those for ungloved workers. Six solderers (all ungloved multicore flux users) had work-related dermatitis. Findings suggest that work-related skin disorders are fairly common among solderers and that the use of gloves and liquid flux reduces the risk of such disorders. Acne and elevated skin sebum levels were not found to be associated with soldering. (62949)

CIS 94-1625 Lessons learned from the failure of a computer system controlling a nylon polymer plant. Nimmo I., Nunns S.R., Eddershaw B.W., Loss Prevention Bulletin, June 1993, No.111, p.13-24. Illus. (In English)

The failure of a process control computer at a petrochemicals complex resulted in the whole plant being shutdown in an uncontrolled manner and the release of 3 tonnes of molten polymer. Following the incident, the plant and computer system were subjected to a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study. The overall planning of the study is described along with details of the process and system reviews and a discussion of lessons learned from the study. The computer installation should be treated as an integral part of the plant and the computer specialist should be involved early in the specification of the control system. (63020)

CIS 94-1626 Work schedule of visual display unit operators. (French: Organisation temporelle du travail sur écran de visualisation) Cail F., Floru R., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1944-153-93, p.551-556. 57 ref. (In French)

This literature review (which replaces article abstracted under CIS 91-1192) describes field and laboratory studies demonstrating how the length of time spent working on VDUs can affect the occurrence and deterioration of symptoms of visual, postural and psychological strains. Experimental studies on the effects of various rest periods allocation on the performance and physiological responses during VDU work are then examined. Several proposals and recommendations on work/rest schedules for VDU operators are discussed. (63133)

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CIS 94-1627 Toxic effects of inhaled particles. Moody J., Radiological Protection Bulletin, Nov. 1993, No.147, p.23-27. (In English)

Papers presented at a conference on toxic and carcinogenic effects of solid particles in the respiratory tract held at the Hannover Medical School in March 1993 are reviewed. Topics concentrated on the response of rats and mice to the deposition in the lung of very low solubility particles such as quartz, titanium dioxide, asbestos, glass and ceramic fibres. Many aspects of particle interaction with the lung were described; the phenomenon of particle overload was discussed in detail. It is concluded that some parallels may be drawn between events associated with the reaction of the lung to silica and asbestos and those associated with radioactive particles. (62912)

CIS 94-1628 Calibration of a continuous-reading aerosol monitor (Miniram) to measure borate dust exposures. Woskie S.R., Shen P., Finkel M., Eisen E.A., Smith T.J., Smith R., Wegman D.H., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 1993, Vol.8, No.1, p.38-45. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

Continuous real-time monitoring of personal sodium borate dust exposure was used to examine the relationship of short-term dust exposures to acute upper respiratory irritant responses. More than 450 area samples were taken representing a range of concentrations and sodium borate dust types, using the Miniram personal continuous-reading aerosol monitor. Most of the resulting calibration curves suggested little or no effect of concentration, except at very low concentrations where the particle sizes are smaller and more significantly affect the relationship of the Miniram to the gravimetric concentration. The dusts measured had particle size distributions with large mass median diameters (MMDs) so that most of the particle mass fell outside the ACGIH "respirable" range for which the Miniram is most sensitive. Nevertheless, the Miniram was able to produce calibration curves with high R² (>0.80), suggesting that it works adequately as a total dust monitor for dusts of large MMDs. (62972)

CIS 94-1629 Auxiliary ventilation for the control of nitrous oxide in a dental clinic. Mickelsen R.L., Jacobs D.E., Jensen P.A., Middendorf P.J., O'Brien D.M., Fishbach T.J., Beasley A.A., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1993, Vol.8, No.6, p.564-570. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

Four auxiliary (local) ventilation systems, one system using only scavenging and three different local exhaust systems in conjunction with scavenging, were evaluated in a dental clinic. Two of the three local exhaust systems were effective in lowering the dental assistant's breathing zone samples to below the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) REL of 25 parts N₂O per million parts (ppm) of air. Both systems consisted of a scavenging system and flexible duct connected to a fan. The dental hygienist's breathing zone samples were greater than the NIOSH REL for all the systems tested. Increasing the capture velocities and thus improving the control could be achieved by either increasing the air-flow rates or moving the hood closer to the patient's mouth. Because of unacceptable noise levels created by increased air-flow rates, locating the hood closer to the patient may be the most effective means to improve the exhaust systems. (62979)

CIS 94-1630 A comparison of active and passive sampling devices for full-shift and short-term monitoring of formaldehyde. Noble J.S., Strang C.R., Michael P.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.723-732. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

Experiments were conducted to survey several of the commercially available monitors and to compare them to the more established "active" methods, which are based on a variety of different chemistries. The experiments were designed to determine the suitability of the monitors for short-term and time weighted average (TWA) monitoring for formaldehyde. A total of six passive and five active methods were evaluated. Several devices were capable of measuring formaldehyde at the current regulatory limits. However, only one device consistently met the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (USA) performance criteria and was suitable for personal monitoring at the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' 0.3ppm ceiling. (62925)

CIS 94-1631 A proposal for improving the role of exposure modeling in risk assessment. Jayjock M.A., Hawkins N.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.733-741. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

Current exposure assessment models for indoor air inhalation exposures are evaluated in the context of the uncertainty that exists in both the dose-response assessment and the exposure assessment. A tiered system is proposed for implementing exposure assessments. Each tier involves additional research, but also would lead to reductions in uncertainty. The authors discuss a possible comprehensive research programme that will permit the building of well-validated models that relate indoor air inhalation exposures to classes of chemicals, building types, and exposure scenarios. (62926)

CIS 94-1632 Environmental and biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke plants and other workplaces. Cenni A., Sciarra G., Sartorelli P., Pappalardo F., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.379-386. 21 ref. (In English)

Pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene were used as indicators of the presence of PAHs in a number of workplaces. A coke plant, a pyrite mine, a railway tunnel under construction, and several earthenware factories were investigated. Workers on the site underwent urine tests for PAH metabolites. The coke plant had the highest concentrations of the PAH indicators in the environment and in the workers' urine. Summary in Italian. (62944)

CIS 94-1633 Regulation of pesticides in Cameroon. Mbiapo F., Youovop G., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, May 1993, Vol.39, No.1, p.1-10. 7 ref. (In English)

A study was carried out to evaluate the pesticide regulatory system in Cameroon. Current procedures for the registration, importation and distribution of pesticides are described. The study shows that Cameroon has insufficient legislation in this area. Registration does not exist, and attestations of importation are issued by the Ministry of Agriculture following efficiency tests on the product. Importation and distribution are carried out in less than ideal conditions. There is a need for training and information of all those involved in work with pesticides and for appropriate legislation. (62961)

CIS 94-1634 A multiyear study of blood cholinesterase activity in urban pesticide applicators. Yeary R.A., Eaton J., Gilmore E., North B., Singell J., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, May 1993, Vol.39, No.1, p.11-25. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

A study was made of blood cholinesterase activity in a cohort of urban pesticide applicators ranging from 1,680 to 3,800 workers. During the period 1981-1991, 208,788 blood samples were taken with an average of six samples per year from each worker. A total of 150 workers (0.44% of the cohort) were removed from exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides because of decreased cholinesterase activity. No worker required treatment for signs of cholinesterase inhibition. There was no evidence of year-to-year changes in baseline cholinesterase values that were attributable to pesticide exposure. (62962)

CIS 94-1635 Methanol in urine as a biological indicator of occupational exposure to methanol vapour. Kawai T., Yasugi T., Mizunuma K., Horiguchi S., Hirase Y., Uchida Y., Ikeda M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.311-318. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

The exposure-excretion relationship and possible health effects of exposure to methanol vapour were studied in 33 exposed workers during the second half of two working weeks. There was a significant correlation between exposure to methanol vapour at concentrations of up to 5,500ppm and the levels of methanol measured in the shift-end urine samples. The calculation indicated that a mean level of 42mg methanol/L urine was excreted in the shift-end urine sample following 8h exposure to methanol at 200ppm (the current occupational exposure limit). Dimmed vision and nasal irritation were among the most frequent symptoms reported during the week. (62963)

CIS 94-1636 Blood levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in chemical workers after chloracne and in comparison groups. Neuberger M., Landvoigt W., Derntl F., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.325-327. 13 ref. (In English)

A study was made of workers involved in the production of chlorophenoxy herbicides. Nine production workers with a history of chloracne from exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in 1971-1973 had a median level of 340pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) per gram blood lipid in 1990. This was significantly higher than blood levels in four controls without chloracne and no known exposure from the same plant and in 17 external controls. Results demonstrate that chloracne may be considered as a reliable indicator of heavy dioxin exposure. (62964)

CIS 94-1637 Biological monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-exposed workers in agriculture and forestry. Knopp D., Glass S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.329-333. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

Urinalysis was conducted on two workers involved in spraying 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) sodium salt solution from vehicle mounted equipment in agriculture and on two helicopter crew members applying 2,4-D dimethylamine salt for bush control in forestry. All sprayers showed detectable quantities of 2,4-D in morning urine samples. The highest concentration was measured in the vehicle driver (2.5ppm), while urine levels in the forestry workers were much lower (0.365ppm and 0.052ppm). The calculated amounts excreted seemed to be sufficiently reliable to be used for assessing the risk of human exposure to 2,4-D. (62965)

CIS 94-1638 Autonomic and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in workers exposed to mixed organic solvents. Murata K., Araki S., Yokoyama K., Maeda K., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.335-340. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

To assess possible solvent-induced nervous system dysfunction, 11 solvent-exposed workers and 11 age-matched unexposed controls were examined using the coefficient of variation in electrocardiographic R-R intervals (CV RR) and the distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV). In the solvent-exposed workers, the CV RR was significantly reduced compared with unexposed controls and the velocities of the DCV and median nerve conduction were significantly slowed. The reduction in the CV RR was significantly correlated with duration of exposure. The data suggest that organic solvents may affect both the faster myelinated nerve fibres and the autonomic nervous activity. (62966)

CIS 94-1639 Urinary excretion of proteins and enzymes in workers exposed to hydrocarbons in a shoe factory. Vyskocil A., Popler A., Skutilova I., Ciharova M., Ettlerova E., Lauwerys R.R., Bernard A.M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.359-362. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

A study was made of a group of women who had been exposed to petroleum naphtha (time-weighted average exposure 1,619mg/m³), toluene 81mg/m³) and ethylacetate (160mg/m³). Measurements were made of urinary enzyme activity and proteins and compared with those of age-matched controls. The only parameter that was significantly influenced by hydrocarbon exposure was the urinary activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Although the health significance of this renal change in unclear, the results are in agreement with previous observations suggesting that long-term moderate exposure to solvents does not entail a significant risk for the development of nephrotoxicity. (62969)

CIS 94-1640 Assignment of skin notation for threshold limit values chemicals based on acute dermal toxicity. Kennedy G.L., Brock W.J., Banerjee A.K., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 1993, Vol.8, No.1, p.26-30. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

The skin notation with a threshold limit value (TLV) indicates that significant quantities of the chemical may be absorbed through that route to produce undesired systemic effects. The relationship between the dermal LD₅₀ for a given chemical and the occurrence of skin irritation at the TLV was examined. An association was found, but it was weak. It is suggested that all chemicals found to have LD₅₀ values lower than 1000mg/kg be initially assigned a skin notation until more definitive work proves otherwise. Furthermore, effects that can be produced following repeated dermal exposures using reasonable dose concentrations need to be evaluated for the purpose of a skin notation. (62971)

CIS 94-1641 The workplace exposure assessment workbook (WORKBOOK). Tait K., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 1993, Vol.8, No.1, p.55-68. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

Workplace exposure assessment models assist safety and health professionals, chemists and engineers to evaluate employee exposures under the supervision of a professional hygienist. The Workplace Exposure Assessment Workbook (WORKBOOK) is one such model usable for helping to make industrial hygiene decisions and actions. It has several functions: compiling an initial assessment of the facility, defining Homogeneous Exposure Groups (HEGs), performing Workplace Exposure Assessments (WEAs), performing Appropriate Monitoring Programmes (AMPs), implementing the "hierarchy of controls", verifying workplace controls, and determining periodic reviews. WORKBOOK can be used in conjunction with other exposure assessment tools such as numerical models, monitoring programmes, and statistical methods. (62973)

CIS 94-1642 Light hydrocarbon gases - A narcotic, asphyxiant, or flammable hazard?. Drummond I., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.8, No.2, p.120-125. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

A model used to predict the potency of anaesthetic gases is proposed for predicting the onset of narcosis from exposure to light hydrocarbon gases (C1 to C3) in a workplace setting. The validity of the model is confirmed using human experience from diving (nitrogen narcosis) and workplace exposure to toluene. The solubility of a gas or vapour in olive oil must be known to use the model. The air/olive oil partition coefficients of 15 hydrocarbons (C1 to C4, plus hexane and benzene) were measured. The model predicts that the light hydrocarbon gases are not just simple asphyxiants but fast-acting agents inducing narcosis as expressed in loss of judgment, disorientation, dizziness, and light-headedness. It is recommended that in addition to an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure limit (1000ppm), a maximum exposure limit is needed. This is set at 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) on the basis of avoidance of narcosis and recognition of the explosive hazards of the gases. (62975)

CIS 94-1643 Field validation for sampling and analysis of airborne hexavalent chromium. Finley B., Fehling K., Falerios M., Paustenbach D., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 1993, Vol.8, No.3, p.191-200. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

Airborne hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] levels were measured at 25 industrial sites which have soils containing chromite ore processing residues. A majority (28 of 44) of the mean indoor and outdoor Cr(VI) concentrations measured at the industrial sites were within the range of concentrations measured at 15 residential sites (0.38-3.3ng/m³), indicating that elevated levels of Cr(VI) in soils do not necessarily result in elevated levels of Cr(VI) in air. A validation study was performed to demonstrate the precision of the impinger train technique and to compare the results with data collected using other Cr(VI) monitoring methods. Using airborne Cr(VI) data from 24 identical sets of impinger train samplers in the same environment, a coefficient of variation of 24.1% was obtained. These results indicate that the impinger train method is sufficiently reproducible to satisfy any health-related airborne Cr(VI) monitoring needs. (62976)

CIS 94-1644 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Air Sampling Instrument Performance. Cohen B.S., McCammon C.S., Vincent J.H., eds., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Apr. 1993, Vol.8, No.4, p.225-411. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

The entire issue of the journal is devoted to the proceedings and recommendations of the First International Symposium on Air Sampling Instrument Performance, held 29 Oct. - 1 Nov. 1991, at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (USA). Four papers from the plenary session deal with the regulatory framework for health-related air sampling instruments. Three plenary papers cover the current state of particle samplers, gas and vapour samplers, and approaches to testing field performance. The next section includes a series of short technical papers on the performance of air sampling instruments, under five headings: gas and vapour detection, aerosol samplers, pumps, video monitoring of exposure, and respirable aerosol samplers. The final section presents an overview of the workshops held at the Symposium and the reports of the workshop chairmen. Each workshop report includes recommendations for advancing the state of the art in a particular area of measurement. (62977)

CIS 94-1645 Occupational dimethylformamide exposure. Yasugi T., Kawai T., Mizunuma K., Horiguchi S., Iguchi H., Ikeda M., Watanabe T., Cai S.X., Huang M.Y., Xi L.Q., Qu J.B., Yao B.Z., Li Y.L., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.63, No.7, p.449-468. Illus. 99 ref. (In English)

A series of three articles: 1. A diffusive sampling method with water as absorbent was successfully used to measure the time-weighted average concentration of dimethylformamide (DMF) vapour in air; the method was compared with three conventional methods. 2. A study of monomethylformamide (MMF) excretion in urine after occupational exposure to DMF indicated a linear correlation between the time-weighted average intensity of vapour exposure to DMF and the subsequent excretion level of MMF at the end of a workshift. 3. An examination of workers exposed to DMF and other solvents, showed an increased prevalence of some subjective symptoms, especially those related to the digestive system, although there was essentially no change in liver function indicators or in kidney damage indicators. (63015)

CIS 94-1646 Does asbestos exposure increase the risk of urogenital cancer?. Edelman D.A., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.63, No.7, p.469-475. 49 ref. (In English)

The risk of urogenital cancer in workers exposed to asbestos was evaluated using the results of published studies. The pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), based on the results of cohort studies, were significantly increased (p≤0.05) for ovarian and kidney cancer in North American studies but not elsewhere. In part, this increase is probably due to the use of inappropriate comparison populations and the failure to take into account risk factors associated with urogenital cancer. Other types of studies generally did not indicate that exposure to asbestos increases the risk of urogenital cancer. Generally, there is not enough information to determine whether there is a relationship between exposure to asbestos and urogenital cancers. (63016)

CIS 94-1647 Time to discontinue the use of solutions A and B as a cyanide 'antidote'. Nicholson P.J., Ferguson-Smith J., Pemberton M.A., Campbell A., Edwards J.N., Ferner R.E., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, No.3, p.125-128. 15 ref. (In English)

Literature concerning the use of solutions A and B (15.8% ferrous sulfate in 0.3% citric acid and 6% sodium carbonate, respectively) as a first-aid treatment for cyanide poisoning is reviewed along with an analysis of reports of incidents at a major cyanide producing facility. The current opinion in the UK is that solutions A and B should not be used as a first-aid measure in the management of cyanide poisoning. Similarly, oral sodium thiosulfate or activated charcoal should not be used. The recommended first-aid treatment of symptomatic cyanide poisoning is 100% oxygen and amyl nitrite, irrespective of the route of exposure. (63022)

CIS 94-1648 Estimation of cumulative exposures to naphtha at an automobile fuel-injector manufacturing plant. Rocskay A.Z., Robins T.G., Echeverria D., Schork M.A., Seixas N.S., White R.F., Proctor S.P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.480-487. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

Estimates of cumulative exposure to naphtha were derived for workers at an automobile fuel-injector manufacturing plant. The approach to exposure estimation involved three aspects: a marked association between indoor naphtha air concentration and outdoor temperature was modelled and applied to detailed historical temperature data to calculate cumulative exposure estimates; the large number of investigator-generated air samples allowed the use of analysis of variance to compare alternative job-grouping schemes; the young age of the plant and few process changes allowed for historical exposure estimates with a high degree of confidence. The derived estimates of cumulative exposure appear to offer a firm basis for epidemiologic analysis of the relation of exposure to health. (63042)

CIS 94-1649 Development of a database for sensory irritants and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits. Schaper M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.488-544. Illus. 79 ref. (In English)

Swiss-Webster mice respond to sensory irritants by decreasing their respiratory rate. This study found 295 airborne materials in the literature causing this pattern. For 89 chemicals a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (RD₅₀) and also TLVs were available. There was high correlation of TLV with RD₅₀, which supports the continued use of the animal bioassays for establishing workplace exposure limits. Tables: Sensory irritation data (I - single chemicals, II - mixtures, III - chemicals for which RD₅₀ values exist in mice and for which a TLV has been established); IV - comparison of linear relationships between log(TLV) and log(RD₅₀); V - same comparison between log(TLV) and log(0.03 x RD₅₀). (63043)

CIS 94-1650 Analysis of organic vapors in the workplace by remote sensing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Xiao H., Levine S.P., Nowak J., Puskar M., Spear R.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.545-556. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

A remote-sensing Fourier-transform infrared (RS-FTIR) system was applied to identify and quantify air contaminants along the beam, ranging from single compounds to mixtures, in various workplaces. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to analyze charcoal tube samples from points along the beam path. The charcoal tube GC and the RS-FTIR correlated well for most compounds. Discrepancies were due to inhomogeneous concentrations distribution along the IR beam. Partial or complete beam blockage had little effect. RS-FTIR could detect sudden release of chemicals. (63044)

CIS 94-1651 Measurement of metallic particles extracted from the lung parenchyma of two electricians and one electrotechnician. Dufresne A., Krier G., Muller J.F., Perrault G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.564-568. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

X-ray spectroscopy and laser microprobe mass analysis were used to determine the chemical nature of particles extracted from the lung parenchyma of two electricians and one electrotechnician who had died of lung cancer. The retained particles were qualitatively representative of these workers' work history (e.g. the electrician who had worked in a mine had retained more silicates than the two others). The concentration of nickel in the lungs of these workers was higher than the concentrations measured in the lungs of 39 other workers who died of different types of cancers. (63045)

CIS 94-1652 The use of spiked asbestos samples to determine analytical proficiency of commercial laboratories doing fiber counting. Hahne R.M.A., Landenberger B.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.560-563. 5 ref. (In English)

A number of samples containing three levels of chrysotile fibres were prepared. Nine commercial laboratories were asked to count the fibres. There was no statistically significant difference among the results of any of the laboratories that analyzed at least four samples at a given level. However, two of the laboratories misidentified samples, and several reported blank values that were unacceptably high. (63046)

CIS 94-1653 Paint and varnish spraying booths. (French: Cabines de projection de peintures et vernis) Dugrillon D., Boudet M., Casagrande C., Charlanes D., Delorme M., Gaucheron D., Gosselin M.P., Lebert D., Ruet P., Vaille-Brunet B., Vellay M., Vesperini D., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1993, No.55, p.265-268. 6 ref. (In French)

A study of 34 spraying booths for liquid paint and varnishes was undertaken in France by occupational physicians to determine noise levels and ventilation speeds. The efficiency of ventilation in the booths appeared in most cases unsatisfactory and personal protective equipment worn in the booths by workers was of poor quality and inadequate. Efforts made to inform painters and enterprises, in particular to seek alternative solutions to the use of solvents for washing hands, should be furthered and intensified. (63189)

CIS 94-1654 Government-approved laboratories and organizations for the assessment of lead exposure. Results of quality tests. (French: Laboratoires et organismes agréés pour l'évaluation de l'exposition au plomb. Résultats des essais de qualité) Peltier A., Boulet A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1951-154-94, p.43-49 Bibl.ref. (In French)

French Decree No.88-120 of 1 Feb. 1988 (see CIS 88-1768) requires laboratories seeking Government accreditation to assess the exposure of workers to lead (and enterprises seeking government authorization) to undergo quality tests. The INRS, the accredited laboratory of the Ministry of Labour, organizes these tests. The results of the tests carried out between 1988 and 1993 are presented here. Testing every 3 years seems insufficient to monitor the quality of an analytical laboratory: yearly testing would be preferable. And as a compulsory preliminary to analysis, the sampling of dusts should also be monitored, and training should be provided. (63194)

CIS 94-1655 Lung function in workers refining phosphorus rock to obtain elementary phosphorus. Dutton C.B., Pigeon M.J., Renzi P.M., Feustel P.J., Dutton R.E., Renzi G.D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1028-1033. 21 ref. (In English)

Elevated levels of phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, fluorides and coal tar pitch volatiles were present in workplace air of an industrial refinery. Some 131 workers prospectively underwent annual pulmonary function testing (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow). Regression of these spirometric data, analyzed longitudinally over 3 to 7 years and also cross-sectionally revealed no residual significant effect of industrial exposure after adjusting for age and smoking. (62894)

CIS 94-1656 Characterization of asbestos fibers in pleural tissue from 21 cases of mesothelioma. Paoletti L., Falchi M., Batisti D., Zappa M., Chellini E., Biancalani M., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.373-378. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

Pleural biopsies from patients with pleural mesothelioma and different kinds of asbestos exposure were analyzed by analytical electron microscopy. The aim was to investigate the presence, quantity, types, and sizes of asbestos fibres in pleural tissue. Concentration and size of fibres were poorly correlated to asbestos type and estimated exposure level. Fibre dimension is the most important characteristic determining their translocation to the pleural region. Summary in Italian. (62943)

CIS 94-1657 Pulmonary silicosis associated with MacLeod's syndrome: A case report. (Italian: Silicosi polmonare associata a sindrome di MacLeod: Nota su un caso) Di Donna V., Bernardini P., Gerardino L., Giordano A., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.387-393. Illus. 15 ref. (In Italian)

This article reports a case of silicosis associated with idiopathic unilateral hyperlucent lung - MacLeod's disease (ML) - in a 65-year old miner. The patient had been exposed to silica dust for about 15 years as a truck operator in water supply tunnelling work. Impaired ventilatory function due to left pulmonary dystrophy was the favouring or even the causal factor of dust accumulation in the functionally active right lung and of the tissue reaction to the dust, leading to interstitial fibrosis. Revealed pathogenic alterations: absence of ventilation associated with severe vascular impairment in the left lung, inequality of the ventilation/perfusion rate, due to pneumoconiosis, in the right lung. ML is rare, but must be considered a mandatory contra-indication for work involving dust exposure risk since it can cause an occupational disease even if environmental exposure standards are observed. Summary in English. (62945)

CIS 94-1658 Health status of pesticide applicators - Postural stability assessments. Sack D., Linz D., Shukla R., Rice C., Bhattacharya A., Suskind R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1196-1202. Illus. 51 ref. (In English)

Postural sway testing was performed on 37 pesticide-exposed workers and 35 non-exposed subjects. All subjects were asymptomatic. Weight/height ratio, exposure to pesticides, recent organophosphate exposure and plasma cholinesterase level were associated with increased body sway. The pattern of sway performance suggested a proprioceptive impairment, well compensated by visual cues, potentially attributable to pesticide exposure. The finding is of unclear clinical significance because neurological examinations and nerve conduction studies that were reported separately did not show evidence of neuropathy. (63032)

CIS 94-1659 An update of mortality among chemical workers potentially exposed to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its derivatives. Bloemen L.J., Mandel J.S., Bond G.G., Pollock A.F., Vitek R.P., Cook R.R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1208-1212. 42 ref. (In English)

Four years of additional mortality follow-up through 1986 are reported for a previously studied cohort of 878 chemical workers who were potentially exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its derivatives between 1945 and 1983 (CIS 89-564). Observed mortality was compared with expected levels based on death rates of the US population and of 36,804 unexposed workers from the same manufacturing location. There was no connection between 2,4-D exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a possibility raised by case-control studies) or any other cause of death. (63034)

CIS 94-1660 The effect of evaporative cooling of respiratory protective devices on skin temperature, thermal sensation, and comfort. Fox S.H., DuBois A.B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.705-710. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Theoretical considerations of thermal exchange between the face and the environment with and without a mask are discussed to elucidate factors that may improve the design of masks to increase their acceptability. Evaporative cooling of a dummy mask and a modified Scott respirator was tested in resting and exercising subjects. Skin temperature was significantly reduced when wet felt covered the outer surface of both masks. At rest the masks were rated by subjects as significantly more comfortable than dry felt on the outer surface. (62923)

CIS 94-1661 The effect of respirator dead space and lung retention on exposure estimates. Hinds W.C., Bellin P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.711-722. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

Equations that predict the magnitude of the effect of lung retention and respirator dead space on average inhalation concentration and other related quantities were developed, tested and applied. The equations were validated by numerical simulation and experimental measurement with a respirator on a mannequin connected to a breathing machine. Experimental data verifying the applicability of the equations are presented, as are applications of the equations and procedures to various types of respirator performance measurements and to a predictive respirator performance model. Graphs give correction factors, which in all cases were less than 2. Under typical conditions of workplace protection factor measurement with half-mask respirators, average inhalation concentration will be 105% to 125% of full-cycle average concentration. (62924)

CIS 94-1662 Respirator mask design modules and their interactions. Johnson A.T., Grove C.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.749-751. 2 ref. (In English)

Mask design modules and how they relate to mask physiological effects are presented in a respirator performance rating table scheme. The main factors are: vision, communication, respiration, thermal comfort and physiological effects of elevated temperatures, personal support (e.g., lens design affects the ability of mask wearers to communicate visually), physical and psychological aspects. (62928)

CIS 94-1663 An evaluation of the permeability of disposable polypropylene-based protective gowns to a battery of cancer chemotherapy drugs. Connor T.H., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1993, Vol.8, No.9, p.785-789. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

This article reports on the testing of several different polypropylene-based protective gown materials for permeability against a battery of four cancer chemotherapy drugs (carmustine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin). Of the eight types of gowns tested, two were completely resistant to the four drugs at all time periods. One other gown sample showed immediate breakthrough in one case, but was otherwise impermeable at all times. Two gowns were permeable to all four drugs. The remaining three gown materials demonstrated some permeability, mostly minimal, for two of the four drugs. As seen in other studies, carmustine was the most permeable of the drugs tested. The results indicate that certain modifications to the polypropylene gown material can produce a gown that offers significant protection to the handler of chemotherapy drugs. (62985)

CIS 94-1664 Modeling the temperature dependence of N-methylpyrrolidone permeation through butyl- and natural-rubber gloves. Zellers E.T., Sulewski R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1993, Vol.54, No.9, p.465-479. Illus. 52 ref. (In English)

Study of breakthrough time of N-methylpyrrolidone for butyl and natural rubber gloves. The gloves were tested at four temperatures from 25-50°C. The butyl rubber glove did not show any breakthrough after four hours. The natural rubber gloves showed permeation rates applying well with the Arrhenius relationship. Extrapolation of the temperature to 70-93°C gave breakthrough values of less than 0.5-2 minutes. Experimental values were compared with permeation models. The Fickian diffusion equation gave values of breakthrough time and steady-state permeation time within 23 and 50% respectively of the experimental values. (63041)

CIS 94-1665 Efficiency of unassisted half-mask dust respirators in industry. (French: Efficacité de demi-masques anti-poussières non ventilés en situation industrielle) Héry M., Meyer J.P., Villa M., Hubert G., Wrobel R., Gerber J.M., Hecht G., Herrault J., François D., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1949-154-94, p.21-33. Illus. 37 ref. (In French)

Thirty workers employed in 4 different factories volunteered to participate in a study of 6 unassisted half-mask dust respirators. The study investigated 3 parameters: the efficiency of filtering facepieces or unassisted half masks measured on the basis of concentrations of pollutants determined simultaneously inside and outside the respirator; the physical workload; comfort, estimated by a self-assessment questionnaire. A study of the correlations between the values of the concentrations measured inside the respirator and other parameters as well as the answers to the questionnaire, for each respirator and factory concerned, established the following: in most cases the efficiency of the respirators in industrial situations is much lower than that measured in laboratory conditions; in practical conditions of use in industry, respirator efficiency increases with dust concentration; the efficiency of the different respirators when tested in industrial conditions was practically identical, whatever the values determined in laboratory tests; comfort affects the subjective efficiency of unassisted respirators. (63192)

CIS 94-1666 Ozone burden of forest workers. (German: Ozonbelastung von Waldarbeitern) Isfort L., Allgemeine Forstzeitung, Oct. 1993, Vol.48, No.21, p.1094-1095. 12 ref. (In German)

Due to the high physical workload of forest workers, the air volume inhaled per minute is 8 to 15 times higher than at rest. This leads to an increased ozone burden. As ozone levels in recent summers have been high, it is recommended that forest workers reduce their physical workload during days with excessive ozone concentrations by performing light machine maintenance work. The early morning hours before peak ozone levels occur are best for all work which cannot be postponed or performed indoors. (62910)

CIS 94-1667 Cleanup of polychlorinated biphenyls in buildings. (German: PCB-Sanierung im Hochbau) Fengler K., Technische Mitteilungen, Sep. 1993, Vol.86, No.3, p.142-147. (In German)

Sealants used until about 1975 to close gaps in walls and ceilings of buildings contained polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To remove the PCB-containing material, it is cut from the walls with a cooled abrasive wheel. All emitted dust is collected at the source with a vacuum cleaner. The walls and ceilings are then coated to prevent the permeation of PCBs remaining in the building. (62905)

CIS 94-1668 Pollution from vulcanization fumes in the rubber industry. A survey in 14 firms. (French: Pollution par les fumées de vulcanisation dans l'industrie du caoutchouc - Une enquête dans 14 entreprises) Certin J.F., Braud M.C., Ferrand C., Gendre J.C., Guillouzic J.F., Robelin V., Le Trionnaire C., Jeandel B., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1950-154-94, p.35-41. 24 ref. (In French)

Epidemiological studies have shown that workers exposed to chemical pollutants in the rubber industry are subject to an increased risk of certain cancers and respiratory disorders. But no study has yet measured the precise role of vulcanization fume components. A measurement campaign was carried out in 14 firms in western France: 524 measurements were made using the British method (cyclohexane-soluble fraction). Mean exposure of workers to vulcanization fumes was 1.03mg/m³, a level considerably higher than the British limit value of 0.6mg/m³. 48.6% of the personal samples measured were higher than this value. The mean atmospheric contamination was 0.35mg/m³. Examination of workplace type and layout reveals that local ventilation is missing in many cases or is inadequate. Although the parameters used to assess pollution have no toxicological justification, it makes it possible to characterize work situations and identify the most unfavourable cases. The British objective of 0.6mg/m³ seems to be realistic as a target. (63193)

CIS 94-1669 Exposure to dust and α-amylase in bakeries. Jauhiainen A, Louhelainen K., Linnainmaa M., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1993, Vol.8, No.8, p.721-725. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

α-Amylase is a strong sensitizer and has been reported to cause respiratory symptoms in workers. The concentration of total dust and α-amylase was measured in six bakeries. The mean concentration of total dust was highest during dough making (4.6 ± 3.6mg/m³, mean ± SD) and the mean concentration of α-amylase was highest during the weighing of flour additives (7.3 ± 6.7µg/m³), and both concentrations were the lowest during bread making (2.3 ± 0.9mg/m³ for dust, 0.2 ± 0.1µg/m³ for α-amylase). The amount of α-amylase in the studied additives was 1.5 to 3 times higher than that in the wheat flours. The amount of α-amylase added to the dough in the bakeries was about two to three percent. In the reduction of α-amylase exposure, the control of dust is very important. The authors recommend the use of hoods for weighing tables of flours and flour additives containing α-amylase, and the dough pots should be equipped with enclosures and a local ventilation system. (62982)

CIS 94-1670 Report on industrial waste management project in Tema. Part 1. Sarpong J.Y., Department of Factories Inspectorate, Ministry of Mobilization and Social Welfare, P.O. Box 62, Tema, Ghana, 1992. v, 48p. 7 ref. (In English)

Part 1 of this report presents the results of an investigation into waste disposal in the textile, paint, soap and metal extraction industries in Tema, Ghana. Analysis of liquid effluents from all factories showed that mercury concentrations were far above the standard values of five comparable countries; daily average concentrations of other trace metals were slightly above the comparative standard values. Gaseous emissions (including sulfur dioxide, chlorine, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen fluoride) were not quantified. Solid wastes showed high concentrations of lead, mercury, chromium, manganese and aluminium. A number of recommendations are made for the prevention, reduction and treatment of waste effluents. (62917)

CIS 94-1671 Chemical substances in the work environment that have an adverse effect on reproduction. (Danish: Reproduktionsskadende kemiske stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet) Hass U., Jakobsen B.M., Brandorff N.P., Jelnes J.E., Petersen S.H., Direktoratet for arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1990. 206p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 87-7534-364-9 (In Danish)

This report deals with chemical hazards affecting human reproduction, including those reducing fertility and damaging the foetus. A method to determine the distribution of chemical substances with antifertility effects in various sectors of the economy is presented. Most sectors were found to use such substances to some extent. An annex of the report contains chemical data sheets for the substances considered to have antifertility, mutagenic or teratogenic effects. (62940)

CIS 94-1672 Quality control in biological monitoring. (Italian: La promozione della qualità dei dati nel monitoraggio biologico) Unità Sanitaria Locale n.28, Regione Emilia-Romagna, via Albertoni 17, 40138 Bologna, Italy, 1990. 175p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In Italian)

The importance of biological monitoring of environmental and occupational exposures is growing in the process of risk control. This implies a reorganization of the Occupational Health Laboratories in Italy. The preparation of guidelines is recommended in order to improve the quality control of analytical data. The organization of quality control programmes in some Italian regions and the results of two national programmes (METOS, involving the determination of lead and cadmium in blood and of aluminium in serum, and another programme, involving cholinesterase activity assays in plasma) are presented and discussed. The possibility of managing the "variability factors", before and during analytical activity, is described. Reference values for metals in the unexposed population and genotoxicity tests are also discussed. (62952)

CIS 94-1673 Neurotoxic substances in the work environment - A review. (Danish: Nervesystemskadende stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet - en kortlægning) Lund S.P., Simonsen L., Lyngenbo O., Stærmose A.V., Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, May 1990. 43p. Illus. 23 ref. Price: DKK 125.00., ISBN 87-7534-340-1 (In Danish)

This report deals with chemical substances that have a dangerous effect on the nervous system. Information was collected from various registers relating to Denmark as to which chemical substances are used in which industries and where threshold limits have been surpassed. The highest risk of exposure to such substances was found to be in: the iron and metalworking industry; furniture industry; construction; manufacturing of transport equipment. TLVs were most commonly exceeded for: styrene; dichloromethane; toluene; and xylene. In annex: list of Danish TLVs for neurotoxic substances. (62959)

CIS 94-1674 Contact allergens in chemical products. (Danish: Kontaktallergener i kemiske produkter) Flyvholm M.A., Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, At-salg, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1994. 88p. Price: DKK 235.00., ISBN 87-7534-442-4 (In Danish)

The Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was searched for information on 43 contact allergens in 18 product categories. Formaldehyde was present in products in all 18 categories; six other allergens were present in more than half. Some commonly registered amines are not included in standard patch tests, while one amine that figures in routine tests is rare in products on the market. Combination of interview data from eczema patients with product composition data from PROBAS helped identify formaldehyde-containing products as the source of their problem and led to solutions. Conversely, a widely used antioxidant, BHT, showed no sensitizing properties in 1336 eczema patients. Thus, product registers can be used to estimate exposure of patients to allergens. (63000)

CIS 94-1675 Risk assessment of notified new substances. Technical guidance document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1994. Loose-leaf binder (vii, 344p. (+ 2 diskettes)). Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 55.00., ISBN 0-7176-0758-5 (In English)

This document has been produced to assist those carrying out risk assessments of new substances notified under Directive 67/548/EEC. Legally binding principles of risk assessment are set out in Directive 93/67/EEC. Contents: general introduction to the guidance and general principles of risk assessment for new substances; human health risk characterization; workplace exposure assessment; assessment of consumer exposure; indirect exposure via the environment; testing strategies for inhalation toxicity, subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity; environmental risk assessment; use categories of notified new substances. The package includes two diskettes containing exposure assessment programs. (63005)

CIS 94-1676 Waste management international. Yearbook of products and services 1994. Gambrill J.P., ed., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1994. xxiv, 186p. Illus. Index. Price: GBP 75.00., ISBN 0-471-93328-7 (In English)

This directory provides a listing of companies providing products and services for waste management. Entries are arranged by country and include (where available) details of the company name and address, contact name, parent and associate companies, company notes, a description of the products and services provided and names of distributors. A foreword reviews waste management policies and legislation in various countries. (63010)

CIS 94-1677 Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Bis(2-methoxyethyl)-ether). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiii, 64p. 122 ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0557-3 (In English)

No data are available on the toxic effects of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether in humans. Animal studies indicate that following oral uptake the substance has a low toxicity. It is slightly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. The target organs for male animals after repeated intake are the reproductive organs. Foetotoxic and teratogenic effects have been observed. Most mutagenicity tests give no indication of a genotoxic effect. (63051)

CIS 94-1678 Carbon disulfide. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xvi, 161p. ca. 330 ref. Price: DEM 88.00., ISBN 3-7776-0558-1 (In English)

Carbon disulfide has a high exposure potential because of its volatility and good absorption capability. Acute toxicity is mainly confined to neurotoxic effects, although effects are also seen in the liver, heart, testes and skin; at high concentrations it is embryotoxic. Long-term exposure affects the central and peripheral nervous systems, the eye (optic nerve), the cardiovascular system and, less severely, the liver and kidneys. (63052)

CIS 94-1679 N,N-Diphenylguanidine. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xvi, 90p. 176 ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0565-4 (In English)

Early studies describe the following symptoms after workplace exposures to diphenylguanidine (DPG): eye and mucous membrane irritation, gastric and bilious complaints and disturbed liver metabolism. For persons with contact dermatitis, patch tests are occasionally positive, indicating a possible sensitizing effect. (63053)

CIS 94-1680 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 27p. 95 ref., ISBN 0-662-20852-8 (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. There is limited epidemiological data available on the effects of this substance in humans. On the basis of animal studies, it has been classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63081)

CIS 94-1681 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Waste crankcase oils. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1994. viii, 39p. 115 ref., ISBN 0-662-22029-3 (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the composition of waste crankcase oils (WCOs), the means by which they enter the environment, their fate and concentration and their effects on the environment. Seven sources of WCOs are investigated: re-refining; burning as fuel; road oiling as a dust suppressant; landfilling; land disposal; sewer disposal; spills to the environment. There is insufficient information to determine whether WCOs are entering the environment in a quantity or under conditions that have a harmful effect on the environment. (63082)

CIS 94-1682 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Di-n-octyl phthalate. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 21p. 75 ref., ISBN 0-662-20977-X (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of dioctyl phthalate. Data on effects in humans are limited to a small number of poorly documented studies of small groups of workers exposed to other phthalates and unspecified isomers of dioctyl phthalate. The substance has been classified as having inadequate data for evaluation. (63083)

CIS 94-1683 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Benzene. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 39p. 150 ref., ISBN 0-662-20434-4 (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of benzene. Haematotoxic effects have been reported in several occupationally-exposed populations; effects on the immune system include symptoms of benzene-induced autoimmunity and allergy. Associations between occupational exposure to benzene and leukaemia have been observed in numerous case studies and epidemiological studies. Chromosomal aberrations have also been consistently reported. Benzene has been classified as carcinogenic in man. (63084)

CIS 94-1684 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Chlorinated wastewater effluents. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. vi, 33p. 92 ref., ISBN 0-662-20470-0 (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the sources of chlorinated wastewater, its fate and concentration in the environment, and its effects on the environment. Sources of chlorinated wastewater include municipal wastewater treatment plants, cooling waters from power generating stations and industrial wastewater effluents. A study of ten municipal wastewater treatment plants indicated that total residual chlorine and other chlorinated compounds produced by chlorination are important contributors to the observed toxicity of these wastewaters. (63085)

CIS 94-1685 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Chlorinated paraffins. Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. vi, 32p. 65 ref., ISBN 0-662-20515-4 (In English)

This report reviews the literature on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Data on effects in humans are restricted to poorly documented clinical studies of the potential to induce irritation or sensitization of the skin following dermal application. Based on animal data, short chain CPs have been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans, and long chain CPs as possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63086)

CIS 94-1686 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 27p. 97 ref., ISBN 0-662-21072-7 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on o-dichlorobenzene. Limited human data are available. Case reports of adverse effects associated with exposure to 1,2-dichlorobenzene or mixtures containing it are confined to haematological disorders, including anaemia and leukaemia. Available data are inadequate to assess the carcinogenicity of this substance in humans; on the basis of animal studies, it has been classified as probably not carcinogenic in man. (63111)

CIS 94-1687 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 30p. 99 ref., ISBN 0-662-21061-1 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on p-dichlorobenzene. Data on the adverse health effects of this substance in humans are limited. In one study of exposed workers, irritation of the eyes and nose was reported but there was no evidence of organic injury or haematological effects. Available data are inadequate to assess the carcinogenicity of p-dichlorobenzene in humans; on the basis of animal studies, it has been classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63112)

CIS 94-1688 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Trichlorobenzenes. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 39p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-662-21063-8 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on the three isomers of trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-, 1,2,3- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene). No data on the effects of human exposure to trichlorobenzenes have been identified; results of animal studies are limited. All three isomers have been classified as having inadequate data for assessing carcinogenicity in man. (63113)

CIS 94-1689 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - 3,5'-Dimethylaniline. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 10p. 26 ref., ISBN 0-662-20489-1 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on 3,5'-dimethylaniline. No data on the adverse effects of human exposure to this substance have been identified. Animal data are limited to values of the LD₅₀ in rats and mice and the formation of methaemoglobin in cats. (63114)

CIS 94-1690 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Xylenes. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 32p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-662-21040-9 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on o-, m- and p-xylene. Since epidemiological studies are limited to a few investigations of a small number of workers exposed to mixtures of compounds including xylenes, there are inadequate data available to assess the health risks of xylenes in humans. Animal studies indicate that xylenes are probably not carcinogenic in humans. (63115)

CIS 94-1691 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Aniline. Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1994. v, 30p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-662-22028-5 (In English)

This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on aniline. Acute exposure to high concentrations of aniline produces a number of adverse effects including arrhythmia, convulsions, coma and death primarily from the development of hypoxia caused by methaemoglobinaemia. Haematotoxicity, renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity have also been observed. Epidemiological investigations are limited to studies in which workers were exposed to mixtures of aniline and other compounds. Aniline has been classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans. (63116)

CIS 94-1692 Guide to the environment for industrial establishments. (French: Guide de l'environnement à l'usage des entreprises industrielles) Besenval V., Gambelli F., Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 1992. 92p. Illus. 35 ref., ISBN 2-85400-240-7 (In French)

The aim of this monograph is to provide information concerning the environment to managers of small and medium size factories. It covers topics such as: survey of relevant French legislation applicable to their enterprises; practical advice on environment-friendly operation of their enterprises, in particular to avoid environmental contamination (of the air and water, and with noise). Glossary. (63220)

CIS 94-1693 Practical guide to ventilation. 14 - Free-jet blasting in blasting chambers. (French: Guide pratique de ventilation. 14 - Décapage, dessablage, dépolissage au jet libre en cabine) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1948-154-94, p.5-19. Illus. 24 ref. (In French)

Guide and information sheet intended for people and organizations involved in the development, construction, use and control of ventilation systems in free-jet blasting chambers. Main contents: risks (poisoning; fire and explosion, etc.); technical aspects: main activities concerned; equipment used (blasting apparatus, chamber); operating principles of high-pressure blasting equipment; ventilation: purpose, design, choice; characteristics of air exhaust and supply devices; air exhaust rates; make-up air and heating; dust control; rejection of polluted air outside premises, air recirculation; operators outside the blasting chamber; automated devices; metallizing; personal protection; inspection and maintenance; fires and explosions; noise; lighting (required lighting; lighting calculations; lighting fixtures); servo-systems (blasting/closing of doors, blasting/ventilation and lighting). (63191)

CIS 94-1694 Occupational exposure limits to dangerous substances in France. (French: Valeurs limites d'exposition aux substances dangereuses en France) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1945-153-93, p.557-574. Illus. (In French)

This data sheet presents in a single table the various substances for which the French Ministry of Labour has established admissible values of concentration in workplace atmospheres or which the Ministry has listed as possibly carcinogenic (circular letters dated 19 July 1982 and 14 May 1985, and subsequent circular letters, as well as special regulations). The table is preceded by summary information on: definitions and rationale for admissible values, sampling and analysis methods, formula for adding individual contaminant concentrations, aerosols, limitations of admissible values, mandatory limit values, limit values recommended by the National Workmen's Compensation Board, carcinogenic substances. Appendix: European admissible values according to European Dir. 91/322/EEC of 29 May 1991. (63134)

CIS 94-1695 Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous chemical substances and preparations. (French: Classification, emballage et étiquetage des substances et préparations chimiques dangereuses) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1946-153-93, p.575-599. Illus. (In French)

The purpose of this data sheet (which replaces ND 1769-138-90, see CIS 91-954) is to inform all those who manufacture, sell, import or use chemicals of the regulations regarding the labelling, classification and packaging of dangerous substances and preparations. It does not cover regulations governing the transport of chemicals. Annexes: regulations regarding the labelling of chemical substances for industrial use; definition of dangerous substances and preparations; specific risks attributed to dangerous substances or preparations; safety advice concerning dangerous substances. (63135)

CIS 94-1696 Health and safety guidelines on the cleanup of contaminated sites. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, PO Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Mar. 1994. 25p. 11 ref., ISBN 0-477-03546-9 (In English)

This document provides guidelines on procedures and methods for the protection of workers involved in the decontamination of sites formerly used for manufacturing or processing products where hazardous substances were used. Contents: hazards of contaminated sites; planning and organization of site decontamination procedures; site hazard assessment; workplace air monitoring and health surveillance monitoring; information, training and supervision; personal protection; site control. A model site health and safety plan is included. (63004)

CIS 94-1697 Code of practice for safety in welding and cutting (and other operations involving the use of heat). Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 0511, 1990. 57p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 9971-67-391-6 (In English)

Contents of this Code of Practice: definitions; application, installation, operation and maintenance of arc welding and cutting equipment; hazards and precautions for plasma arc, electron beam and laser welding and cutting, resistance welding, oxygen-fuel gas systems, brazing installations and thermit welding; protection of personnel (eye protection, protective clothing, work in confined spaces, fire protection, precautions for radiography); health protection and ventilation; precautions during welding and cutting operations at public exhibitions. (62919)

CIS 94-1698 Design and construction of vented, non-pressure road tankers used for the carriage of flammable liquids. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 13p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-886300-2 (In English)

This Code of Practice provides practical guidance with respect to regulation 6(a)-(c) of the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers and Road Tanker Containers) Regulations 1992. Contents: scope of the Code; specifications for the vehicle (engine; electrical system; static electricity; driver's cab; fire extinguisher container); specifications for the tank and its fittings (tank mounting; tank materials; allowable stress; tank ends, divisions, baffles and ring stiffeners; valves and ancillary fittings; pressure relief devices). (62994)

CIS 94-1699 Design and construction of road tankers used for the carriage of carbon disulphide. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 9p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-886301-0 (In English)

This Code of Practice provides practical guidance with respect to regulation 6(a)-(c) of the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers and Road Tanker Containers) Regulations 1992. Contents: scope of the Code; specifications for the vehicle (engine; electrical system; driver's cab; fire extinguisher container); specifications for the tank and its fittings (tank design and mounting; tank materials; allowable stress; tank divisions, baffles and ring stiffeners; valves and safety relief devices). (62995)

CIS 94-1700 Design and construction of vacuum insulated road tankers used for the carriage of non-toxic deeply refrigerated gases. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 17p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-885749-5 (In English)

This Code of Practice provides practical guidance with respect to regulation 6(a)-(c) of the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers and Road Tanker Containers) Regulations 1992. Contents: scope of the Code; specifications for the vehicle (engine fuel system; immobilization of the vehicle; rear-end protection; vehicle stability; driver's cab; fire extinguisher container); specifications for the tank and its fittings (shell design and materials; allowable stress; pipework, valves and ancillary fittings; pressure relief devices); specific requirements for tankers carrying flammable gases (electrical system; static electricity; driver's cab). (62996)

CIS 94-1701 Design and construction of vacuum operated road tankers used for the carriage of hazardous wastes. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 14p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-885748-7 (In English)

This Code of Practice provides practical guidance with respect to regulation 6(a)-(c) of the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Road Tankers and Road Tanker Containers) Regulations 1992. Contents: scope of the Code; specifications for the vehicle (engine fuel system; rear-end protection; vehicle stability; driver's cab; fire extinguisher container); specifications for the tank and its fittings (tank design and mounting; tank materials and linings; allowable stress; filling and discharge connections; pressure relief and indication); guidance for tankers which carry flammable wastes (flash point not exceeding 55°C and flash point less than 21°C) and wastes likely to produce injurious vapours. (62997)

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CIS 94-1702 Carbon monoxide exposure in wildland firefighting - A comparison of monitoring methods. Materna B.L., Koshland C.P., Harrison R.J., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, May 1993, Vol.8, No.5, p.479-487. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

Three methods for assessing carbon monoxide (CO) exposures of wildland firefighters were tested and compared, and the activities and conditions under which this population may be exposed to hazardous CO levels were examined. Full-shift time-weighted average CO exposures, determined using passive diffusion monitors, were low for all employees monitored, with a mean of 8.2ppm (n=51). Real-time CO exposures for 12 individuals were monitored using electronic dataloggers. Two firefighters had one-minute exposures of, respectively, 339 and 212ppm, which exceeded the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ceiling limit of 200ppm. Full-shift TWAs measured with the dataloggers agreed fairly well with those determined using the passive dosimeters. There was a small but statistically significant increase in CO in end-exhaled air across the shift (mean change was 2.2ppm). Change in CO concentration in end-exhaled air across the shift did not correlate well with average airborne exposure. (62978)

CIS 94-1703 Measurement of short-lived reactive species and long-lived free radicals in air samples from structural fires. Jankovic J., Jones W., Castranova V., Dalal N., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1993, Vol.8, No.7, p.650-654. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

This article constitutes part of a comprehensive firefighter exposure study undertaken by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at the request of the US Fire Administration. It describes a chemiluminescence (CL)-based field methodology for detecting short-lived reactive intermediates in the fire atmosphere. The results demonstrate the presence of short-lived, hence reactive, chemical species even when no smoke was visible. Additionally, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic measurements on filter samples collected from the same fires demonstrate the presence of long-lived (half-life of several days) organic-free radicals whose concentration correlates with the amount of smoke in the atmosphere. The presence of CL-detected short-lived reactive intermediates and ESR-detected long-lived radicals provides a plausible mechanism to explain the known phenomena of "incapacitation without cause" as well as chronic lung injury related to smoke inhalation. (62981)

CIS 94-1704 Unconfined deflagrative explosion without turbulence: Experiment and model. Leyer J.C., Desbordes D., Saint-Cloud J.P., Lannoy A., Journal of Hazardous Materials, June 1993, Vol.34, No.2, p.123-150. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

Laboratory, balloon and open-field experiments on the deflagration regime in free air are reviewed. Models available to estimate deflagrative unconfined explosion effects, without turbulence, are briefly considered and a description is given of the tests conducted. The main results are presented and discussed in some detail and an assessment made of the role of important parameters (fuel concentration gradients, shape and size of the inflammable mixture, ignition energy) in explosion yields. It is concluded that inflammable mixtures drifting over an open field and ignited, will burn with a low flame speed and consequently will generate very weak pressure effects. (63011)

CIS 94-1705 Methods for vapour cloud explosion blast modelling. van den Berg A.C., Lannoy A., Journal of Hazardous Materials, June 1993, Vol.34, No.2, p.151-171. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

Methods for quantifying the explosive potential of a flammable fuel-air mixture are described and demonstrated in a simple case study concerning a storage site for liquefied hydrocarbons. While TNT-equivalent methods are easy to use, they are unsatisfactory in several respects. An alternative multi-energy method is described in which a flammable fuel-air mixture is considered to be explosive only if it is in a partially confined, congested or obstructed area in the cloud. The concept is shown to be a flexible one which makes it possible to incorporate current experimental data and advanced computational methods into the procedure of vapour cloud explosion hazard analysis. (63012)

CIS 94-1706 Computer modelling of turbulent gas explosions in complex 2D and 3D geometries. Hjertager B.H., Journal of Hazardous Materials, June 1993, Vol.34, No.2, p.173-197. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

Numerical simulation methods capable of predicting flame and pressure development in turbulent gas explosions are presented. Special attention is given to methods which adopt the k-Σ model of turbulence. Several verification calculations are presented, which include a variety of geometrical layouts as well as a range of different fuel-air mixtures. Comparisons between simulated and measured explosion data are in general in good agreement. (63013)

CIS 94-1707 The investigation of a devastating accident - An accidental explosion of 40 tons of TNT. Zhang G.S., Tang M.J., Journal of Hazardous Materials, June 1993, Vol.34, No.2, p.225-233. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

An explosive accident occurring in the TNT production line of a factory in China in 1991 is described. The total amount of explosives in the incident was estimated to be the equivalent of 40 tons of TNT. Two primary causes of the explosion were identified through event tree analysis. It was concluded that the incident was a human element accident which occurred because of poor safety conditions. Lessons learned from the accident are summarized. (63014)

CIS 94-1708 Hazardous materials accidents - Initial scene assessment and patient care. Leonard R.B., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 1993, Vol.64, No.6, p.546-551. 12 ref. (In English)

The nature of hazardous materials accidents is described along with pathophysiology of chemical injuries and the need for appropriate medical treatment. Topics discussed include: contingency planning for hazardous materials accidents; initiation of the site plan and assessment of the situation; identification of the hazardous material; rules for dealing with hazardous materials accidents; care of patients; resources and training. (62953)

CIS 94-1709 Flare and drain systems - The twin Achilles heels of process plants. Crawley F.K., Loss Prevention Bulletin, June 1993, No.111, p.1-4. Illus. (In English)

Incidents involving flare and drain systems are described to illustrate the potential hazards associated with these systems and to highlight important design factors. Causes of accidents are outlined and an indication given as to whether such a hazard would have been identified in a HAZOP study. (63018)

CIS 94-1710 Fundamentals of a model safety analysis for the dismantling of ammunition. (German: Grundzüge für eine Mustersicherheitsbetrachtung zum Delaborieren von Lagermunition) Eckhardt D., Otto J., Steidinger M., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. ii, 109p. Illus. 21 ref. Price: DEM 23.00., ISBN 3-89429-353-5 (In German)

An optimized procedure for the dismantling of discarded large calibre ammunition is derived. The mistakes which can possibly be made at each step of the dismantling procedure and their consequences are analyzed and the possibilities of prevention or protection are indicated. Summaries in English, French and German. (63140)

CIS 94-1711 European codes for pressure vessels. A comparative study. Report. (French: Codes européens des appareils à pression - Etude comparative - Rapport) Jarboui C., Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 1992. vi, 66p. 8 ref., ISBN 2-85400-221-7 (In French)

Comparative study of construction codes for pressure vessels, in particular for the following countries: France (CODAP, together with AFNOR standards); Germany (AD-Merkblatt, with DIN standards); UK (B.S. 5500, with BS standards). (63214)

CIS 94-1712 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 1: Electrical apparatus protected by enclosures - Section 1: Specification for apparatus. (French: Matériels électriques destinés à être utilisés en présence de poussières combustibles - 1re partie: Matériels électriques protégés par enveloppes - Section 1: Spécifications pour les matériels) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Aug. 1993. 43p. Illus. (In English, French)

This section of IEC 1241-1 specifies requirements for the design, construction and testing of electrical apparatus protected by enclosures for use in the presence of combustible dust. Contents: normative references; definitions; construction requirements (application of and deviations from IEC 79-0, abstracted under CIS 84-13); verification and tests (general tests, dust-tightness test, thermal tests); marking of electrical apparatus. (62878)

CIS 94-1713 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 1: Electrical apparatus protected by enclosures - Section 2: Selection, installation and maintenance. (French: Matériels électriques destinés à être utilisés en présence de poussières combustibles - 1re partie: Matériels électriques protégés par enveloppes - Section 2: Sélection, installation et entretien du matériel) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Aug. 1993. 35p. (In English, French)

This section of IEC 1241-1 specifies requirements for the selection, installation and maintenance of electrical apparatus protected by enclosures for use in the presence of combustible dust. Contents: normative references; definitions; area classification; specification of two different types of practice designed to provide an equivalent level of protection against ignition; selection according to temperature; selection of apparatus; installation requirements; inspection and maintenance. (62879)

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CIS 94-1714 Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools - Part 1: General requirements. (French: Sécurité des machines-outils électriques semi-fixes - 1re partie: Règles générales) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, July 1990. 182p. Illus. (In English, French)

This international standard specifies general requirements for transportable motor-operated electric tools intended for indoor and outdoor use. Contents: definitions; notes on tests; rating and classification; marking; protection against electric shock; starting; input and current; heating; leakage current; radio and television interference; protection against ingress of foreign bodies and moisture; insulation resistance and electric strength; endurance; abnormal operation; stability and mechanical hazards; construction; internal wiring; components; supply connection and external flexible cables and cords; terminals for external conductors; earthing; screws and connections; creepage distances, clearances and distances through insulation; resistance to heat, fire, tracking and rusting; radiation. (62876)

CIS 94-1715 Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools - Part 2: Particular requirements for circular saws, radial arm saws, planers and thicknessers, bench grinders, band saws, diamond drills with water supply and diamond saws with water supply. (French: Sécurité des machines-outils électriques semi-fixes - 2e partie: Règles particulières pour les scies circulaires, les scies radiales, les dégauchisseuses et les raboteuses, les tourets à meuler, les scies à ruban, les foreuses à béton, les tronçonneuses à béton) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Mar. 1993. 7 vols. 25p., 21p., 29p., 31p., 17p., 17p., 17p. Illus. (In English, French)

These seven parts of IEC 1029-2 supplement or modify the corresponding clauses in IEC 1029-1 (see CIS 94-1714) as they relate to: circular saws, radial arm saws, planers and thicknessers, bench grinders, band saws, diamond drills with water supply, and diamond saws with water supply. In particular, additional requirements are specified for marking, stability and mechanical hazards and construction. (62877)

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CIS 94-1716 Cardiovascular effects of impulse noise, road traffic noise and intermittent pink noise at LA_eq=75dB, as a function of sex, age and level of anxiety: A comparative study. Parrot J., Petiot J.C., Lobreau J.P., Smolik H.J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.63, No.7, p.477-493. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

The first of these two articles describes a study to compare the effects of pile-driver noise, gunfire noise, road traffic noise and intermittent pink noise on the heart rate of some 120 subjects. During exposure to noise, the overall heart rate increased in nearly all subjects, with men showing greater increases than women. The second article describes the effects of the same types of noise on digital pulse level and blood pressure. The results of both studies are discussed in relation to the age, sex and anxiety characteristics of the subjects. (63017)

CIS 94-1717 Does classical music damage the hearing of musicians? A review of the literature. Palin S.L., Occupational Medicine, July 1994, Vol.44, No.3, p.130-136. 18 ref. (In English)

The published literature investigating possible hearing damage among classical musicians presents conflicting conclusions. While the design of many of the studies is poor, the overall opinion seems to be that noise-induced hearing loss does occur. Since it is clearly impossible to ask musicians to play more quietly (the equivalent of reducing noise levels in industry), careful planning of orchestras' repertoires might be the best general solution to reducing sound level exposures. Local sound levels may be reduced by improved orchestra layout and use of screens. Earplugs which cause less sound attenuation are also now available. (63023)

CIS 94-1718 Laboratory versus field attenuation of selected hearing protectors. (French: Comparaison de l'affaiblissement obtenu en laboratoire et sur le terrain avec différents protecteurs auditifs) Casali J.G., Park M.Y., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, Note No.1927-151-93, p.293-303. 20 ref. (In French)

Two studies, each using 40 subjects and 4 hearing protection devices (HPDs), of which 3 were common to both studies, were conducted to determine real-ear spectral noise attenuation in a controlled laboratory environment and in industrial field settings. On average, the laboratory attenuation results obtained after the subject underwent the work activity tasks overestimated the field performance by 8.3dB (under the subject-fit) and 5.7dB (under the trained-fit) for the foam plug, and by 10dB and 6dB, respectively, for the premoulded plug. In contrast, the laboratory results provided much better predictions of field protection for the earmuff. Close examination of the data suggests that a naive subject-fit protocol in the laboratory may yield attenuation results closest to those of well-trained users in the field. Translation of an article that appeared originally in Sound and Vibration, 1991, Vol.25, No.10, p.28-38. (63138)

CIS 94-1719 Measurement of the sound attenuation of air-fed protective helmets. (French: Mesure de l'affaiblissement acoustique des cagoules de protection respiratoire) Kusy A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1953-154-94, p.61-68. 9 ref. (In French)

Air-fed protective helmets are used to protect workers from metal dust or particle projections, particularly during sand and shot blasting operations that are also associated with high noise levels. It was therefore interesting to determine whether these devices also protect the wearers from noise. At present, however, there are no regulations governing the noise attenuation properties of this equipment, and no standardized method for measuring the sound attenuation provided. This paper presents the implementation of the MIRE (Microphone In the Real Ear) measuring technique, which seems to be suitable for measuring the sound attenuation afforded by air-fed protective helmets. Minor sound attenuation is achieved by these protective devices, indicating the need for users of these devices to wear ear protectors when exposed to sound pressure levels higher than the legal limit. (63196)

CIS 94-1720 Non-traumatic effects of noise on the health, safety and efficiency of people at work. A critical review of the literature. (French: Effets non traumatiques du bruit sur la santé, la sécurité et l'efficacité de l'homme au travail. Etude bibliographique) Floru R., Cnockaert J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1994, No.154, Note No.1954-154-94, p.69-91. 238 ref. (In French)

This critical review of experimental and field studies on the non-traumatic effects of noise comprises 5 sections. The first deals with the impact of noise on health through its cardiovascular and hormonal effects and its effects on sleep. The second examines the effects of noise on behaviour (noise and accidents, communication in noisy environments, subjective response to noise). The third and fourth sections are concerned with the effects of noise on performance in perceptual and cognitive tasks, and with the mechanisms through which noise affects performance (distraction, activation, selective attention, data overload, masking). The last section covers the combined effects of noise and other environmental stressors on psychophysiological responses. (63197)

CIS 94-1721 Electric currents in the human body caused by the magnetic field of the earth. (German: Elektrische Ströme im menschlichen Körper durch das Magnetfeld der Erde) Hoffmann E., Schwetz P., etz - Elektrotechnik + Automation, Oct. 1993, Vol.114, No.20, p.1248-1251. Illus. 4 ref. (In German)

The mean power densities in the human body induced by the earth's magnetic field were calculated and measured. The mean power densities obtained during bending down, cycling, and driving a car at 100km/h were found to be as high as those produced by the electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of high voltage power lines. (62903)

CIS 94-1722 Parental exposure to radiation and childhood cancer. Kendall G., Muirhead C., Draper G., Radiological Protection Bulletin, Nov. 1993, No.147, p.7-13. 26 ref. (In English)

Studies on the possible association between parental exposure to radiation and children cancer are surveyed. Much of the research effort was generated by the publication of a paper by M.J. Gardner in 1990 reporting a case-control study which supported the previously weak hypothesis that preconception paternal exposure to radiation might be associated with leukaemia (and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) in children. Although no final conclusions can be drawn from the studies reviewed here, no subsequent publication has produced evidence linking parental exposure to radiation with childhood cancer that is anything like as striking as Gardner's original paper. (62911)

CIS 94-1723 Infertility and pregnancy outcome among magnetic resonance imaging workers. Evans J.A., Savitz D.A., Kanal E., Gillen J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1191-1195. 25 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire was sent to virtually all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stations in the USA, with a request that they be forwarded to female workers. The aim was to record the number of difficulties in pregnancies among people working with MRI. The questionnaires included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, time between the decision to have a child and actual conception, pregnancy outcome, and early delivery. Because the total female MRI worker population is unknown, no response rate could be calculated. The validity of the self-reported data is unknown. There were problems with the data collection method. MRI workers were modestly more likely to miscarry. Infertility problems and low birth weight were not experienced by MRI workers. (63031)

CIS 94-1724 Prevention of back disorders due to industrial trucks. (French: Prévention des risques dorso-lombaires liés à la conduite de chariots élévateurs) Saint-Eve P., Donati P., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.54, p.141-148. Illus. 13 ref. (In French)

Industrial truck drivers are often exposed to harmful low-frequency vibrations due to ground irregularities. These vibrations are made worse by difficult working conditions (uncomfortable postures, inadequate seats, etc.) which induce spine disorders. This article emphasizes the importance of vibratory and postural constraints as well as their health effects and associated technical prevention measures. If adapted to the vehicle, seats can efficiently reduce vibrations. To meet physicians' requests and make users aware of the issues, various communication products have been developed in France to provide guidance on the selection, adjustment and maintenance of these seats. These products are to be tested before being distributed throughout the country. (63181)

CIS 94-1725 Reducing the noise emission by metal shuttering in plants manufacturing prefabricated concrete elements. (German: Lärmminderung an Stahlschalungen in Beton-Fertigteilwerken) Häuser, Mitteilungen der Südwestlichen Bau-Berufsgenossenschaft, 1993, No.2, p.21-24. Illus. 3 ref. (In German)

Noise sources in manufacturing plants for prefabricated concrete elements were determined. Through the elimination of all loose joints on existing metal shuttering and the use of silenced concrete vibrators, noise level reductions of 15 to 18dB(A) could be achieved. The noise exposure of workers was lowered from 110 to between 90 and 95dB(A). (62882)

CIS 94-1726 Magnetic field exposures in a petroleum refinery. Cartwright C.E., Breysse P.N., Booher L., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1993, Vol.8, No.6, p.587-592. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Petroleum refinery workers were classified into groups based on the type of exposure sources and work conducted. Electricians were divided into three categories: high voltage electrical distribution (HVED) workers; low voltage electrical distribution (LVED) workers; and maintenance electricians (MNTE). A total of 48 individuals, 11 HVED electricians, 12 LVED electricians, 11 MNTE workers, and 14 controls were monitored for an 8-hour shift. Both the HVED and LVED groups were found to have average full-shift mean exposures slightly greater than 10 milligauss (mG). The MNTE group and the controls exhibited lower magnetic flux density exposures, with means between 2mG and 3mG. A special group of high voltage electricians were monitored during maintenance work on large current-limiting coils in the power distribution system. Individual full-shift magnetic field means ranged from 0.06 to 2.0 gauss (G), with an overall mean of 0.93G. Peak exposures ranged from 2.1 to 18G, with an average of 12.1G. (62980)

CIS 94-1727 Noise reduction measures in the cement industry. (German: Massnahmen zur Lärmminderung in der Betonindustrie) Die Industrie der Steine und Erden, Nov.-Dec. 1993, Vol.103, NO.6, p.45-50, 52. Illus. (In German)

When shaping machines are used for the manufacturing of paving blocks, concrete slabs and pipes, noise reduction at the source by design modifications of the machinery is not sufficient. Noise levels still amount to between 110 and 125dB. Only acoustic enclosures bring noise exposure down to levels below 85dB(A). Examples of efficient enclosures are presented. (62907)

CIS 94-1728 Sound propagation in factory halls: Influence of room parameters - Part 2. Comparison of calculations and measurements. (German: Schallausbreitung in Arbeitsräumen II: Einfluss der Raumparameter - Vergleich von Berechnungs- und Messergebnissen) Probst W., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. iv, 96p. Illus. 17 ref. Price: DEM 21.50., ISBN 3-89429-273-3 (In German)

Noise propagation was measured in 115 machine shops, including new and old buildings with and without sound absorbing facilities. Results were compared with the sound decay curves predicted by 12 models of sound propagation. Statistical evaluations of the results obtained at distances between 5 and 16m from a steadily emitting source yielded a standard deviation of 1.8dB between the calculated sound pressure levels and the measured ones. For Part I, see CIS 92-1699. Summaries in French, German and English. (62951)

CIS 94-1729 Radiation Protection Research and Training Programme. Finzi S., Gerber G.B., Bennett E., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1990. 2 vols. xv, 245p. and xxxiv, 214p. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 20.00 each report., ISBN 92-826-1940-0, ISBN 92-826-1941-9 (In English)

The first of these two reports describes the evolution of the Commission's Radiation Protection Programme over its 30 years of existence (1960-89) along with a synopsis of the most important results of the 1985-1989 Programme (radiation dosimetry and its interpretation, behaviour and control of radionuclides in the environment, effects of ionizing radiation, radiation carcinogenesis, genetic effects of ionizing radiation, evaluation of radiation risks and optimization of radiation protection). The second report contains summaries of ten post-Chernobyl activities carried out under the revised research programme for 1988-89. (62873)

CIS 94-1730 Cosyma. A new programme package for accident consequence assessment. Kelly G.N., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1991. ix, 97p. Illus. 64 ref. Price: ECU 8.75., ISBN 92-826-0512-4 (In English)

This report describes a computer programme system, COSYMA, for assessing the off-site consequences of accidental releases of radioactive material to the atmosphere. The system comprises a series of computer programmes and data libraries for use in probabilistic risk assessments. The package provides a flexible system for carrying out accidents consequence assessments for a variety of applications. (62875)

CIS 94-1731 Report on cancer risk in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. (Danish: Rapport om risiko for kræft ved udsættelse for ekstreme lavfrekvente magnetfelter i arbejdet) Sundhedsministeriets ekspertgruppe vedrørende ikkeioniserende stråling (Danish Ministry of Health's Expert Group on Non-ionizing Radiation), Statens Information, Postbox 1103, 1009 København K, 1993, 103p. Illus. 65 ref. Price: DKK 75.00., ISBN 87-601-3770-3 (In Danish)

This report was prepared by a working group set up by the Danish Ministry of Health. It reviews the latest scientific studies within the field of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. Case studies in Sweden and the USA and epidemiologic studies in the Nordic countries were reviewed. National (Germany, England, USA, Australia) and international (International Non-ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association and the EEC) threshold values and recommendations are reviewed. Welders are paid special attention, because they are heavily exposed. The working group could not find any biological mechanism that would explain the relationship between ELF electromagnetic fields and cancer. Therefore the group could not decide which physical characteristics are relevant to measure. The group found that the suspected connection between electromagnetic fields and leukaemia has been strengthen. A connection between electromagnetic fields and brain cancer could not be found. (62936)

CIS 94-1732 Human health and exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Dennis J.A., Muirhead C.R., Ennis J.R., National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 ORQ, United Kingdom, July 1992. iv, 147p. Illus. approx. 300 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-3335 (In English)

General features of electromagnetic fields and their interactions with the human body are described followed by a review of the epidemiological data on adverse health effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The evidence suggests that there are no long-term effects on general health from the levels to which people are normally exposed; the average female use of visual display unit does not seem to be at risk of adverse birth outcome. Studies of electrical and electronic workers are suggestive of a link between electromagnetic field exposures and cancer but the results are subject to the confounding factor of occupational class. (62992)

CIS 94-1733 Radiation exposure from the normal transport of radioactive materials within the United Kingdom: 1991 review. Gelder R., National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 ORQ, United Kingdom, May 1992. ii, 22p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-85951-351-3 (In English)

The results of this assessment of radiation doses to transport workers and members of the public are compared with an earlier study (see CIS 84-1892). Many of the transport workers in the nuclear industry are receiving doses at the minimum level detectable by some monitoring devices (0.1mSv per month or per quarter). Throughout the nuclear industry, the annual collective dose from transport is low and amounts to 30 x 10^-3 man Sv. Primary transport of radionuclides continues to be responsible for the largest component of collective dose to transport workers (some 370 x 10^-3 man Sv); most of this being due to technetium generators. (62993)

CIS 94-1734 Corporate Plan 1994/95 to 1998/99. National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Books, PO Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, Apr. 1994. 79p. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-375-0 (In English)

This plan describes the direction and purpose of the work of the National Radiological Protection Board and highlights new lines of inquiry and changes of emphasis. Summary sections on background, objectives and finances are followed by 15 sections describing the major areas of work: national and international standards and policy; dosimetry; evaluation of ionizing radiation risks; environmental studies; assessments of routine releases; accident assessment and emergency planning; exposure of the population; occupational exposure to ionizing radiations; non-ionizing radiations; technical services to radiation users; radiation protection advisory service; training; communications. (63002)

CIS 94-1735 Radiation protection research action 1992-94 - Technical description of scientific projects. Commission of the European Communities, Office for Offical Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. xi, 774p. Illus. Indexes. Price: ECU 76.00., ISBN 92-826-6579-8 (In English)

Research projects described in this report are divided into three main sections: human exposure to radiation and radioactivity (measurement of radiation dose, behaviour of radionuclides in the environment); consequences of radiation exposure to man and their assessment, prevention and treatment (stochastic and non-stochastic effects and effects on the developing organism); risk and management of radiation exposure (assessment of human exposure and risk and optimization of radiation protection). Information provided for each project includes administrative data (names and addresses of contractors, duration and budget of contract), scientific background, expected developments and possible applications. (63054)

CIS 94-1736 A European intercomparison of methods used for the assessment of intakes of internally deposited radionuclides. Gibson J.A.B., Birchall A., Bull R.K., Henrichs K., Iranzo E., Lord D.J., Piechowski J., Sollett E., Tancock N.P., Wernli C., European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. v, 62p. 7 ref. Price: ECU 8.50., ISBN 92-826-4492-8 (In English)

An interlaboratory comparison for the assessment of intakes of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr, ³²P, and various actinides is described. Nine laboratories in five countries participated using five actual cases provided by the participating laboratories. Details of the protocol used to define assessment are presented along with an outline of techniques used by the laboratories, results obtained and an assessment of their significance. Reasonable agreement was demonstrated between assessments of the intake of radionuclides in each of the laboratories. (63077)

CIS 94-1737 Determination of noise emission by stationary concrete block shaping machines and the state of noise reduction. (German: Bestimmung der Geräuschemission von stationären Steinformmaschinen und Stand der Lärmminderung) Dupuis B., Koch J., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 142p. Illus. 73 ref. Price: DEM 27.00., ISBN 3-89429-321-7 (In German)

Four types of shaping machines were identified as being used most frequently in the manufacture of concrete blocks. The sound pressure levels and impulse noises associated with the use of >100 representative shaping machines produced between 1980 and 1989 were measured. The sound pressure levels ranged from 99 to 126dB(A). Acoustic enclosures were found to be the best available method of noise control for these machines. Summaries in English, French and German. (62908)

CIS 94-1738 Code of practice for noise control on construction and demolition sites. Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 0511, 1989. 52p. Illus. 22 ref., ISBN 9971-67-374-6 (In English)

Contents of this Code of Practice: community relations; personnel training; noise-induced hearing loss; methods of protection of persons against noise including noise control techniques; hearing protection; selection and use of ear protectors; additional effects of noise on persons on site; disturbing effects of noise; rating and levels of neighbourhood noise; noise monitoring; project supervision; provision for noise control during the planning, design and tender stages and during works. Appendices include: acoustical terminology; estimating and predicting noise from sites; selection of construction equipment and construction methods. (62918)

CIS 94-1739 Noise-induced hearing loss of occupational origin. A guide for medical practitioners. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, PO Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Apr. 1994. 52p. Illus. 6 ref., ISBN 0-477-03536-1 (In English)

Contents of this guide: overview of the physics of sound, physiology of the normal ear and pathology of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); measuring noise; workplace exposure standards and the terminology of "acceptable" noise levels; effects of noise on hearing; surveillance in the workplace; diagnosis of NIHL; differential diagnosis; management guidelines; prevention through education; requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment Act and the Noise Regulations. Appendices include: model industrial hearing conservation programme; basic tests of a person's hearing; list of ototoxic drugs; method of calculating hearing loss with age. (63003)

CIS 94-1740 Acoustics - The construction and calibration of speech intelligibility tests. (French: Acoustique - Elaboration et étalonnage des tests d'intelligibilité de parole) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 15 Dec. 1991. 22p. 8 ref. (In English, French)

This technical report is concerned with the description of: methods for the construction of speech tests for the measurement of the intelligibility of speech transmitted by an analog or combination analog and digital communication system; and a reference communication system and test conditions necessary to the development, calibration and interpretation of the results of standardized intelligibility tests. Detailed definitions of terms are presented along with recommended types of test materials and procedures for their preparation and calibration. (63080)

CIS 94-1741 Improving workplace acoustics. Notes on the implementation of the Order of 30 August 1990. (French: Correction acoustique des locaux de travail. Commentaires pour une mise en œuvre de l'arrêté du 30 août 1990) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, Note No.1931-151-93, p.337-339. (In French)

This data sheet, designed to improve the implementation of the order of 30 August 1990 (see CIS 91-1776) (Journal officiel, 27 September 1990), issued in application of article R.235-2-11 (formerly R.235-11) of the French Labour Code, related to the improvement of workplace acoustics, explains some of the terms used in the order. The order of 30 August 1990 and article R.235-2-11 of the French Labour Code are appended. (63139)

CIS 94-1742 Industrial radiography. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Feb. 1994. 2p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

This data sheet summarizes precautions required during industrial radiography procedures to ensure compliance with the main requirements of the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 (abstracted under CIS 89-1100). Precautions include the use of a permanent shielded enclosure for routine radiography of readily moveable objects, installation of localized shielding, barriers, warning notices, etc. for site radiography, dose rate monitoring and safe systems of work. (63070)

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CIS 94-1743 Safe slinging of loads. (German: Sicher Anschlagen mit Hebebändern) Hentschel H., Sicherheitsingenieur, Oct. 1993, Vol.24, No.10, p.34-39. Illus. (In German)

Recommendations are given for the use of plastic slings in the securing and lifting of loads by cranes. The slings are mostly made of polyesters but also of polyamides or polypropylene. Polyester slings are resistant to most acids and solvents but not to alkaline substances while polyamides are inert to caustic substances but not to acids. Polypropylene slings are inert to all chemical substances but are not very strong. Thus the selection of the right kind of sling is crucial to safety. (62902)

CIS 94-1744 Cleaning and care of floors with respect to reducing slipperiness as well as slipperiness testing. (German: Fussbodenreinigung und Fussbodenpflege unter dem Aspekt der Gleithemmung sowie deren Messung) Rüttinger W., Sicherheitsingenieur, Nov. 1993, Vol.24, No.11, p.36-39. Illus. (In German)

Through proper cleaning and care of floors made of stone, linoleum and polyvinylchloride, slipperiness can be avoided. The slipperiness of 17 floors made of either stone, linoleum, or polyvinyl chloride was tested with two commercially available instruments. Results are summarized in tabular form. (62958)

CIS 94-1745 Quantification of the slip resistance of floor surfaces at industrial sites. Part I. Implementation of a portable device. Part II. Choice of optimal measurement conditions. Leclercq S., Tisserand M., Saulnier H., Safety Science, Nov. 1993, Vol.17, No.1, p.29-55. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

The first part of this 2-part article presents the reasons for choosing the Portable Friction Tester (PFT) for the mapping of the slip resistance of industrial surfaces at the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité. The device permits the measurement of a dynamic friction coefficient between a braked wheel, covered with a smooth elastomer, and the floor surface to be tested. Influences of different factors on components of the friction coefficient are examined along with precautions to be observed when using the device. Part 2 describes the experimental conditions and examines the stability of the measurements. (63074)

CIS 94-1746 A review of log splitter safety. Owen G.M., Hunter A.G.M., Safety Science, Nov. 1993, Vol.17, No.1, p.57-71. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

Research into log splitter safety is reviewed along with safety standards, hazards and UK safety needs. The two basic types of machines are described, screw splitters and blade splitters, and a classification of UK models is presented; machines is use in other European countries are also described. Safety standards are outlined and a summary of the main hazards involving the use and misuse of log splitters has been drawn up to aid future design and safe operations. (63075)

CIS 94-1747 Fall-arrest devices for hand-operated suspended access equipment. (French: Etude et essais de parachutes d'échafaudages volants mus à la main) Paureau J., Jacqmin M., Parisot E., Pigeon P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1942-153-93, p.531-543. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

Fall-arrest devices for suspended access equipment were tested in order to determine the maximum safe load on the safety rope. A theoretical study on the same devices was also undertaken. The theoretical and experimental results for maximum safe load were found to agree fairly well in the case of two of the fall-arrest devices, but less so in the case of a third system because of its non-linear behaviour. Analysis of the results shows that if the self-blocking conditions of the fall-arrest devices are satisfied, slack-rope and speed-lock devices are complementary and are only fully effective when combined. Appendix: French Order of 18 March 1993. (63131)

CIS 94-1748 Accident rates for heavy truck-tractors in Michigan. Blower D., Campbell K.L., Green P.E., Accident Analysis and Prevention, June 1993, Vol.25, No.3, p.307-321. 17 ref. (In English)

Accident rates of heavy truck-tractors in Michigan from May 1987 to April 1988 were modelled using log-linear methods. Differences between tractors with one and two trailers were not significant, while tractors with no trailers (bobtails) had significantly higher accident rates. Overall, operating environment was more important in determining the risk of accident involvement than vehicle configuration, except for bobtails. For singles and doubles, road type, area type and time of day had more impact on the probability of an accident than whether the vehicle was a single or a double. (62991)

CIS 94-1749 Crashes of commuter aircraft and air taxis - What determines pilot survival. Li G., Baker S.P., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1244-1249. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

National Transportation Safety Board (USA) data for 1983 to 1988 were analyzed for the factors related to pilot survival in commuter aircraft and air taxi crashes. Case fatality rates were calculated for the pilots in command and odds ratios were estimated from a multivariate logistic regression model for variables related to pilots, aircraft, and circumstances. During the six-year period, 536 people were killed and 744 injured in 888 commuter aircraft and air taxi crashes. The pilot case fatality rate was 20%. The most important determinants of pilot fatality were postcrash fire, off-airport location, bad weather and non-use of shoulder restraints. Crash survival could be enhanced by more crashworthy fuel systems and aircraft seats, and use of restraint systems in commuter aircraft and air taxis. (63039)

CIS 94-1750 Aspects of work at height and the hazard of falls from height exemplified by the sailing ship Gorch Fock. (German: Aspekte der Höhenarbeit und Absturzproblematik am Beispiel des Segelschulschiffes Gorch Fock) Hartmann V., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, July 1993, Vol.28, No.7, p.308-313. Illus. 16 ref. (In German)

Taking the sailing ship Gorch Fock as an example, the conditions of work in the riggings are described. They are characterized by work at great height without guaranteed protection against falls. Most of the accidents that occurred on the sailing ship were due to falls from heights of more than 10m. Safety belts are presently in use for lack of any other suitable method. In addition, safe work practices and safety rules are taught. The personnel assigned to work at height is carefully selected after medical examinations. (62956)

CIS 94-1751 PARLOC 92 - The update of loss of containment data for offshore pipelines. Advanced Mechanics and Engineering Ltd., HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. vii, 226p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 30.00., ISBN 0-7176-0769-0 (In English)

This report describes an update to a previous study (see CIS 93-318) regarding loss of containment from North Sea pipelines. The pipeline database and the incident database compiled during the first study have been updated to include information to the end of 1991. Compilation of the databases is described along with an analysis and assessment of loss of containment incidents. In annex: glossary of terms. (63029)

CIS 94-1752 Morphological analysis of machine part failure - A guide. (French: Analyse morphologique des défaillances d'organes de machines - Guide) Baratto G., Guérin J.J., Mongis J., Tournier C., Vieu A., Centre technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM), 52, avenue Félix-Louat, B.P. 67, 60304 Senlis Cedex, France, 2nd ed., 1992. 67p. Illus. 28 ref., ISBN 2-85400-250-4 (In French)

A method of failure analysis is described. It involves a classification of failures, with particular attention paid to deformations, breakages and surface wear. Illustrated technical information notes provide examples of sudden breakage, and of breakage due to metal fatigue, corrosion, surface deterioration and wear on various machine parts. (63215)

CIS 94-1753 Preventing access to effluent storage and similar areas on farms. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Feb. 1994. 2p. (In English)

This information sheet provides advice on acceptable standards of fencing to deter access by children into areas used for storing slurry, other effluent or water on farms along with details of how to prevent vehicles entering slurry storage areas at scraping points. Guidance is given on the construction and maintenance of fences and gates, covers for below ground stores and scraping ramps. (63068)

CIS 94-1754 Machinery for forestry - Operator protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements. (French: Machines forestières - Structures de protection de l'opérateur - Essais de laboratoire et critères de performance) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Dec. 1993. 3p. (In English, French)

This international standard establishes a consistent, repeatable means of evaluating characteristics of an operator protective structure under loading, and prescribes performance requirements for these structures under such loading in a representative test. It applies to mobile forestry machines and equipment defined in ISO 6814. (62874)

CIS 94-1755 Forestry machinery - Portable chain saws - Minimum handle clearance and sizes. (French: Machines forestières - Scies à chaîne portatives - Espaces libres minimaux et dimensions des poignées.) International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Sep. 1994. ii, 5p. Illus. (In English, French)

This standard lays down the dimensions of the front and rear handle clearances and the handle dimensions of portable hand-held chain saws in order to ensure their safe and comfortable operation. (63218)

CIS 94-1756 Railway safety critical work - Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 16p. 12 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-0697-X (In English)

This booklet contains the text of the British Railways (Safety Critical Work) Regulations 1994 (RSCW) along with general guidance. The Regulations place a duty on employers in the railway industry to ensure that employees carrying out work which is vital to the safe operation of the railway (defined as safety critical work) are competent and fit to carry out that work. Contents: background information on the RSCW and other railway health and safety regulations; interpretation and application of the RSCW Regulations; assessment of the competence and fitness of employees; limitations on employee hours of work to avoid worker fatigue; exemptions. (63057)

CIS 94-1757 Railway safety cases - Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1994. iii, 58p. 17 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-0699-6 (In English)

This booklet contains the British Railways (Safety Cases) Regulations 1994 along with general guidance. The Regulations require railway operators to prepare, and to secure acceptance of, a safety case before starting (or, in the case of an existing operator, continuing) to operate. Contents: interpretation; use of railway infrastructure; safety cases for train and station operators; revision of safety cases; duty to conform with safety case; cooperation with railway operator; notifications, consultations and documents; acceptance of safety cases by the Secretary of State; exemptions, transitional provisions and revocations; details to be included in a safety case. (63058)

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CIS 94-1758 Blood exposure and the risk of hepatitis B virus infection in firefighters. Woodruff B.A., Moyer L.A., O'Rourke K.M., Margolis H.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1048-1054. 13 ref. (In English)

This survey assessed personal and occupational risk factors among uniformed fire department employees by a self-administered questionnaire and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status by serological testing. Overall, 46 of 592 employees had past or current HBV infection. Employees reporting blood contact with skin had been infected more often than employees without this exposure. Prevalence of infection did not differ by age, years on the job, or job duties. The adjusted prevalence of HBV infection among male employees was not significantly different from its prevalence in American men. (62897)

CIS 94-1759 Evaluation and control of worker exposure to fungi in a beet sugar refinery. Jensen P.A., Todd W.F., Hart M.E., Mickelsen R.L., O'Brien D.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.742-748. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

A study of worker exposure to airborne fungi was undertaken in a sugar beet refinery (Michigan, USA) to evaluate the level of exposure and to determine if controls could be implemented that would lower these exposures. Two field surveys were conducted, the first during the sugar production campaign (January) and the second during postproduction cleanup and maintenance (June). This study showed high exposure of pulp pellet loaders and pellet silo workers to various species of aspergillus. Other fungal species that might pose a health hazard were detected. Exposures to fungi during the postproduction cleanup and maintenance phase were much higher than those measured during the production campaign. Engineering controls that would reduce employee exposure are discussed. (62927)

CIS 94-1760 Rats, fish and Weil's disease. Ferguson I.R., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1993, Vol.11, no.12, p.12-16. Illus. (In English)

Leptospirosis is a potential hazard to farmers, agricultural workers and those coming into contact with rats or natural inland waters. The discovery and nature of the disease are described along with the means of transmission via infected animals, the effects of the disease in humans and occurrences of the disease in the British Isles since 1922. A table shows occupational/risk groups from 1970-1992 with numbers affected and deaths. Guidance is given on reducing the risk of the disease along with methods of treatment and prevention. (62939)

CIS 94-1761 Zoonoses transmitted by ticks (tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis): Preliminary results. (Italian: Le zoonosi trasmesse da zecche nei lavoratori forestali (tick-borne encephalitis e Lyme Borreliosis): Risultati preliminari) Cristofolini A., Bassetti D., Schallenberg G., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.394-402. 35 ref. (In Italian)

To investigate the diffusion of infections transmitted by ticks (Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis) in forest workers, a serological investigation was carried out in the Province of Trento (Northern Italy) on the sera of 465 subjects at potential risk (foresters, hunters, woodcutters, gamekeepers). Antibodies for TBE virus were found in five subjects working in the same area, and antibodies for Borrelia burgdorferi were found in 15 subjects. All three clinical cases of TBE identified reported that they had been bitten by ticks in the same geographical area. The presence of specific antibodies for TBE virus was tested on the sera of animals grazing in several areas: four positive cases were observed in the same area as the human cases reported above. (62946)

CIS 94-1762 Occupational asthma induced by inhaled egg lysozyme. Bernstein J.A., Kraut A., Bernstein D.I., Warrington R., Bolin T., Warren C.P.W., Bernstein I.L., Chest, Feb. 1993, Vol.103, No.2, p.532-535. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

A 26 year-old man employed in a company manufacturing hen egg-white derived lysozyme for use in the pharmaceutical industry was evaluated for occupational asthma. The worker began to experience immediate-onset asthmatic symptoms two months after starting to work with egg lysozyme powder. The work process involved the production of approximately 1,000kg of purified dried lysozyme powder per week. Prick skin testing was positive to egg lysozyme (50mg/mL) and other egg protein components, but negative to whole egg-white and egg yolk reagents. Serum specific IgE to egg lysozyme was documented. Decrements in serial peak expiratory flow rates were associated with lysozyme exposure at work. A specific bronchoprovocation challenge to lysozyme powder was positive demonstrating an isolated immediate asthmatic response (48% decrease from baseline FEV₁). This is the first reported case of lysozyme-induced asthma specifically caused by inhalational exposure to egg lysozyme. (62986)

CIS 94-1763 Occupational asthma to the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Gottlieb S.J., Garibaldi E., Hutcheson P.S., Slavin R.G., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1231-1235. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

Dictyostelium discoideum is a slime mould that exists in a unicellular amoeboid form under certain nutritional conditions. In this form it produces unique lysosomal enzymes that are valuable in studying cell-to-cell signalling systems. A research microbiologist developed rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma after release of the organism from a pressurized canister. Immediate skin-test reactivity to whole and lysed organisms was demonstrated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed IgE antibody against whole organisms, lysed organisms, and lysosomal enzymes with the strongest response being directed toward lysosomal enzymes. Pulmonary function testing showed a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second and forced expiratory flow after modified laboratory exposure to D. discoideum. This case represents the first report of occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma from slime mould. (63037)

CIS 94-1764 Disposable protective eyewear devices for health care providers: How important are they and will available designs be used?. Garrett S.J., Robinson J.K., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1043-1047. 21 ref. (In English)

To assess the efficacy of five types of disposable protective eye wear devices, to determine variables affecting the use of protective eye wear, and to determine the frequency of eye splatter, 100 volunteer health care providers were assigned to one of five groups and given a protective eye wear device to use for two weeks in an urban teaching referral centre. Questionnaires were used to survey eye wear habits and other variables before the study. The devices were 88% effective overall, and there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The incidence of splatter was 50%. Even though disposable eye wear providing full frontal and lateral eye coverage is effective in preventing eye splatter, health care providers working in nonsurgical areas may be more exposed to eye splatter than previously assumed because of the lack of recognition of splatter by the workers. (62896)

CIS 94-1765 Respiratory illness in workers of an indoor shiitake mushroom farm. Lenhart S.W., Cole E.C., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.8, No.2, 112-119. Illus. 49 ref. (In English)

An evaluation of an indoor shiitake mushroom farm was conducted following reports of respiratory illness symptoms among the workers. Predominant symptoms were dry cough, nasal discharge, sneezing, chest tightness, productive cough, and dyspnoea. Bioaerosol screening was conducted for mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and fungal spores. Air concentrations of culturable fungal spores measured with the impactor exceeded 8.4 x 10³ colony forming units/m³. The highest airborne fungal spore concentration measured was 2.4 x 10⁶ spores/m³. Sampling results showed extensive airborne contamination with a variety of Penicillium species, which produce respirable-size spores that may function as potent allergens. (62974)

CIS 94-1766 Comparison of methods for analysis of airborne endotoxin. Reynolds S.J., Milton D.K., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1993, Vol.8, No.9, p.761-767. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

As part of a study of respiratory hazards in the turkey breeding industry, replicate samples from two types of barns were assayed by two laboratories using different Limulus-based methods. The study found that Limulus assays may not detect all of the endotoxin present in an environmental sample, and that endotoxin and culturable bacteria do not necessarily correlate. These discrepancies may help to explain why in some studies a strong correlation between airborne endotoxin and respiratory health has been found, and in others it has not. Future epidemiological studies should employ more than one method and should compare the relative utility of various methods for predicting the respiratory toxicity of inhaled endotoxin. (62983)

CIS 94-1767 Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers. Malmberg P., Rask-Andersen A., Rosenhall L., Chest, Apr. 1993, Vol.103, No.4, p.1202-1209. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

The participants in the prospective study were 11 farmers with allergic alveolitis (AA), 16 farmers with symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS), and 17 reference farmers. Samples were collected during normal farming and during the handling of materials associated with disease or causing maximal exposure (worst case). Worst-case samples were obtained on four farms where five farmers had AA; the samples contained on average 2.6 ± 1.8 x 10⁹ spores/m³ of air. On six farms where nine farmers had had ODTS, representative samples averaged 13 ± 13 x 10⁹ spores/m³, and on reference farms this figure was 0.12 ± 0.20 x 10⁹ spores/m³. The daily spore dose associated with AA was 2 x 10⁹ spores/d, which was 10 times higher than on reference farms. The average dose associated with ODTS was 2 x 10¹⁰ spores. Worst-case samples, collected during 10-30min, contributed to more than 90% of the day exposure on farms where AA or ODTS had occurred. (62988)

CIS 94-1768 Health protection in microbiological soil cleanup. (German: Arbeitsschutz bei der mikrobiologischen Bodensanierung) Wilhelm V., Tiefbau, Dec. 1993, Vol.105, No.12, p.895-896, 898-899. Illus. 4 ref. (In German)

Two main approaches are used in Germany for microbiological soil cleanup: conditions for microbial breakdown of soil pollutants are optimized by adding nutrients and by adjusting the pH-value and moisture content; microorganisms are added to the soil in large quantities. In both cases, personal protective equipment is commensurate with the hazards posed by the microorganisms, which are classified into four groups by German law. (62906)

CIS 94-1769 Risk of hepatitis A infection in sewer maintenance and sewage purification plant workers. (German: Hepatitis-A Infektionsrisiko bei Kanalunterhaltungs- und Kläranlagenarbeitern) Ohlendorf R., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, July 1993, Vol.28, No.7, p.305-307. Illus. 7 ref. (In German)

Sanitation workers exposed to sewage were subjected to serological examinations to determine the presence of anti-HAV-IgG. All 15 sewer maintenance workers and all 27 employees of a sewage treatment plant of a German municipality were included. Sewer maintenance workers with more than five years of exposure were found to be HAV-positive while among the group with less than five years seniority, only one was HAV-positive. Of the employees of the sewage treatment plant, all with more than 11 years of exposure were HAV-positive and all those with less than five years seniority were HAV-negative. (62955)

CIS 94-1770 Risk of hepatitis A infection among workers of a large sewage plant operating association. (German: Hepatitis-A-Infektionsrisiko bei den Mitarbeitern einer grossen Kläranlagenbetreibergenossenschaft) Frölich J., Zeller I., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Nov. 1993, Vol.28, No.11, p.503-505. Illus. 9 ref. (In German)

Antibodies against hepatitis A infection (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV-IgM were determined in 408 workers exposed to waste water in a sewage treatment plant and in 202 non-exposed workers. None of the workers were anti-HAV-IgM positive. In comparison with the control group, a significantly higher number of sewage plant workers were anti-HAV positive. For exposed workers over 40yrs old an odds ratio of 1.8 was obtained. Hepatitis A immunization is recommended for workers in sewage treatment plants. (62957)

CIS 94-1771 Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in clinical health-care workers. Zuckerman J., Clewley G., Griffiths P., Cockroft A., Lancet, 25 June 1994, Vol.343, No.8913, p.1618-1620. 18 ref. (In English)

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies among health-care workers at one hospital in the United Kingdom and among source patients in reported blood-exposure incidents at the same hospital was determined. Results suggest that there has not been significant occupational transmission of HCV to these workers despite the high prevalence of HCV among source patients. However, the fact that HCV (and HBV) infection in a number of source patients was not known at the time of the incident argues in favour of universal precautions for blood and body fluids. (63030)

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CIS 94-1772 Digital nerve compression in a violinist with benign hypermobility - A case study. Patrone N.A., Hoppman R.A., Whaley J., Schmidt R., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, June 1989, Vol.4, No.2, p.91-94. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Although epidemiological studies suggest that benign hypermobility may be common in musicians, few reports have linked this disorder to nerve entrapment. A case study is presented of a college level violin student whose hypermobility led to a digital nerve entrapment. The examination of the patient is described along with the diagnosis and treatment. A therapeutic programme of splinting and exercise led to rapid resolution of the problem. (63063)

CIS 94-1773 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy after overuse - The possible relationship to focal dystonia. Lockwood A.H., Lindsay M.L., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, Sep. 1989, Vol.4, No.3, p.114-117. 11 ref. (In English)

Four case reports are presented of musicians with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) following muscle-tendon overuse syndrome. The clinical features, treatment and pathophysiological mechanisms that cause RSD are reviewed. (63066)

CIS 94-1774 Study of the risk of occupational carpal-tunnel syndrome in an electrical appliance manufacturing plant. (French: Etude dans une entreprise de montage d'appareils électroménagers des facteurs de risques professionnels du syndrome du canal carpien) Aptel M., Cail F., Cnockaert J.C., Didry G., Herrault J., Moreau D., Mouze-Amady M., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.54, p.149-164. Illus. 10 ref. (In French)

A study was carried out over several months in a French electrical appliance manufacturing plant to help management develop a musculoskeletal disorder prevention strategy and control the incidence of carpal-tunnel syndrome (CTS). A questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of workers from the assembly unit to study their musculoskeletal complaints and their stress levels (the latter having been determined by saliva cortisol measurement). Prevention can be achieved by reducing stress and strain, the training and information of personnel, the improving of the functional aptitude of operators, the enrichment of tasks with a view to varying movements and the introduction of in-plant fitness programmes. (63182)

CIS 94-1775 Abdominal belts in industry: A position paper on their assets, liabilities and use. McGill S.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.752-754. 13 ref. (In English)

Summary of surveys on the use of abdominal belts. Investigations dealing with the use of abdominal belts have included: clinical trials, biomechanical studies and physiological studies. This article has no final conclusion on the advantages of wearing abdominal belts, but a number of considerations for and against. Workers with back injury may enjoy additional benefit from the belts; uninjured workers do not appear to benefit, but if individuals perceive a benefit then they should be allowed to wear it. A number of conditions for prescription of the abdominal belt are given: possible increased heart rate and blood pressure must be kept in mind; belt wearers must receive training in lifting mechanics; prescription should only follow a full ergonomic assessment of the individuals's job; belts should not be considered for long-term use. (62929)

CIS 94-1776 Burnout and health status in Italian air traffic controllers. Dell'Erba G., Venturi P., Rizzo F., Porcù S., Pancheri P., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1994, Vol.65, No.4, p.315-322. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

Results of a questionnaire survey of 109 air traffic controllers are presented. Data indicate that burnout syndrome, defined as emotional-mental exhaustion, is closely and positively related to age, years spent in air traffic control, professional dissatisfaction and to work stressors, but not to nonwork stressors. Burnout was negatively correlated with social support provided by friends and family. (63008)

CIS 94-1777 Relative cardiac cost and physical, mental and psychological work load among a group of post-operative care personnel. Kamal A.A.M., Dammak M., Caillard J.F., Couzinet M., Paris C., Ragazzini I., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.5, p.353-358. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

Continuous registration of heart rate and observation of all physical, mental and psychological job-related events were carried out in nine post-operative care personnel. The relative cardiac cost (RCC) correlated significantly with the observed work events. The magnitude of participation of work elements in the changes in RCC varied in the subjects according to the type and magnitude of the different work events. However, collective data on the group indicated that changes in RCC were related mainly to physical effort and psychological reaction. The results indicated the possibility of using the heart rate in monitoring working conditions and in guiding their improvement. (62968)

CIS 94-1778 Evolution of an on-site industrial physical therapy program. Hochanadel C.D., Conrad D.E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1011-1016. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

Description of the growth and cost benefits of an on-site industrial physical therapy programme. The programme was initiated in 1982 at one of five plants managed by a major corporation to help reduce the costs of musculoskeletal injury. A significant reduction in the occupational absence rate was noted at the plant with the physical therapy programme. Now in its tenth year, the programme has produced calculated savings of USD 8.3 million, a benefit to cost ratio of greater than 9 to 1. It will be extended to other plants. (62892)

CIS 94-1779 Ergonomic guidelines for the prevention of discomfort of static postures based on endurance data. Dul J., Douwes M., Smitt P., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.807-815. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

The use of endurance data as a basis for guidelines for the prevention of discomfort of static postures is discussed along with the aim and scope of a 'work-rest model for static postures' (WR model). Discomfort can be predicted from the 'remaining endurance capacity' (REC); the WR model estimates at group level the mean REC of a given static posture and work-rest schedule, based on endurance data from the literature. The validity of the model is discussed. The model may be used on the assessment and optimization of static postures and work-rest schedules. (62883)

CIS 94-1780 Sleep patterns, shiftwork, and individual differences: A comparison of onshore and offshore control-room operators. Parkes K.R., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.827-844. Illus. 53 ref. (In English)

A study was made of self-reported sleep quality and duration in offshore and onshore control-room operators during day-shift (D-S) and night-shift (N-S) work and during leave-periods (L-P). Offshore workers reported longer N-S sleep duration and lower D-S sleep quality than those onshore; L-P measures were the same for both groups. Age and neuroticism were negatively related to both duration and quality of sleep, and number of years of shiftwork was negatively related to sleep duration. Findings are discussed in relation to the literature on shiftwork and sleep in general and the characteristics of the offshore environment in particular. (62884)

CIS 94-1781 Performance and alertness on 8h and 12h rotating shifts at a natural gas utility. Rosa R.R., Bonnet M.H., Ergonomics, Oct. 1993, Vol.36, No.10, p.1177-1193. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

In a worksite study of extended workshifts, an 8h/4-7 day shift schedule was compared with a newly instituted 12h/2-4 day schedule. Results of performance tests and a questionnaire on sleep patterns revealed that after 10 months adaptation to the 12h schedule, there were decrements in performance and alertness attributable to the extra 4h on the extended shift. There were also reductions in sleep across the workweek which were most apparent on 12h night shifts. Results indicate that extra caution should be exercised when scheduling critical activities for extended workshifts, especially extended night shifts. (62937)

CIS 94-1782 Back pain in health care workers. (Italian: Il mal di schiena nel personale sanitario) Tartaglia R., Baldasseroni A., Occhipinti E., Colombini D., Carnevale F., Giuliano G., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1993, Vol.84, No.5, p.403-415. Illus. 48 ref. (In Italian)

Back pain is a major health and economic problem for preventive medicine. It is significantly associated with nursing. The present paper reviews a number of epidemiological studies on back pain in nurses and examines the main confounding factors. The different approaches to back pain prevention are briefly discussed. Summary in English. (62947)

CIS 94-1783 Alternative work design for hospital personnel - Comments and statistical study in a regional hospital. (French: Aménagements de postes du personnel hospitalier - Réflexions et étude statistique dans un centre hospitalier régional) Cleren P., Le Menn A., Rolin D., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.54, p.177-182. (In French)

A study was carried out on alternative work arrangements and change of work among French hospital personnel with reduced work capacities. Records of 87 active workers (out of 4,116, i.e. 2.1%) were assessed; occupational physicians had requested alternative work arrangement from management for these workers. Proposed solutions are outlined as well as factors involved in their selection (age, job title, seniority), including the creation of so-called "soft positions" for "handicapped" workers. (63183)

CIS 94-1784 Heart rate strain indices in Greek steelworkers. Vitalis A., Pournaras N.D., Jeffrey G.B., Tsagarakis G., Monastiriotis G., Kavvadias S., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.845-850. 13 ref. (In English)

In the first ergonomics study to be carried out in Greece, the heart rate strain of 14 Greek steelworkers was assessed during the winter and summer months of 1989 and 1990. Activity sampling was used to establish the pattern of work performed and heart rates were measured throughout work shifts. Maximum aerobic capacity was also estimated. The mean heart rate during work was 97 beats/min while the mean relative heart rate increase was 21%. The results indicate that the work performed could be classified as light to moderate. (62885)

CIS 94-1785 Absorption of vibration energy in the human hand and arm. Burström L., Lundström R., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.879-890. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

The mechanical energy absorption in the hand-arm system was measured within the frequency range of 4 to 1000Hz in a group of ten subjects exposed to sinusoidal vibration. The energy absorption in the hand and arm depended mainly on the frequency and direction of the vibration stimulus; higher vibration levels, as well as firmer handgrips, resulted in higher absorption of energy. Varying hand-arm postures had only a small influence on the amount of absorbed energy, while the constitution of the hand and arm affected the energy absorption to a larger extent. (62886)

CIS 94-1786 An assessment of neck and upper extremity disorders by questionnaire and clinical examination. Ohlsson K., Attewell R.G., Johnsson B., Ahlm A., Skerfving S., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.891-897. 17 ref. (In English)

To study the usefulness of a screening questionnaire for neck/upper extremity complaints, 165 women in a variety of jobs were studied by the questionnaire and by a detailed clinical physical examination. A total of 94 subjects recorded complaints in the questionnaire, while findings at examination were recorded in 140 subjects. Results indicated that the questionnaire approach gives a fairly good picture of the neck/upper extremity status of a working female population, although a clear view of the size of the problem is obtained only by a detailed clinical examination. (62887)

CIS 94-1787 An OWAS-based analysis of nurses' working postures. Engels J.A., Landeweerd J.A., Kant Y., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.909-919. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

The working postures of Dutch nurses were observed using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS). A computer program was used to calculate the working posture load for each activity and the contribution of a specific activity to the total working load. Results show that working postures that are slightly harmful to the musculoskeletal system occur during a substantial part of the working day both during patient-handling activities and during administration tasks. Focusing on patient-handling tasks in order to determine the load on the musculoskeletal system would lead to an underestimate of the total working posture load of nurses. (62888)

CIS 94-1788 An evaluation of patient lifting techniques. Winkelmolen G.H.M., Landeweerd J.A., Drost M.R., Ergonomics, May 1994, Vol.37, No.5, p.921-932. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

In a laboratory study, five two-person lifting techniques were evaluated as to the amount of physical exertion required of the nurses. Working postures were recorded on video tape and the data used in an anatomical-biomechanical analysis; perceived exertion by the nurses was also measured. In almost all situations, the compressive forces on the nurse's spine exceeded the acceptable limit. Ratings of perceived exertion were higher in symmetrical handling than in asymmetrical handling. In general, the results of the biomechanical evaluation were in line with the subjective perception of the nurses. (62889)

CIS 94-1789 Validation of occupational hand use categories. Nathan P.A., Keniston R.C., Meadows K.D., Lockwood R.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.35, No.10, p.1034-1042. 17 ref. (In English)

In an earlier study of the aetiology of carpal-tunnel syndrome in industry, a measure and categorization of occupational hand use activities (OHU) was developed. The categorization has five categories, based primarily on observed relative force and secondarily on observed relative repetitions. Because the validity of this OHU categorization has been questioned, a study to validate this variable by demonstrating its reliability was made. Discriminant analysis showed that the OHU categorization reflects the subjective impressions of industrial workers (605 workers from four industries in the USA and Japan) outside the original study group. Within each validation industry, 68-88% of all workers were classified to the correct OHU category, and an additional 10-25% were classified to within one OHU category. The major classification error was due to some workers overestimating the repetitiousness of their jobs. An equation for calculating OHU from subjective or objective data is provided. (62895)

CIS 94-1790 Physiological strains in hot-humid conditions while wearing disposable protective clothing commonly used by the asbestos removal industry. Ohnaka T., Tochihara Y., Muramatsu T., Ergonomics, Oct. 1993, Vol.36, No.10, p.1241-1250. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

Seven subjects wearing impermeable protective clothing and air masks were exposed to hot-humid conditions, cool conditions and hot/cool conditions (working in hot conditions and resting in cool conditions). Work was performed on an ergometer according to a work/rest schedule and rectal temperature, heart rate, sweat rate and discomfort sensation were recorded. Thermal stress was linked to work in protective clothing in hot-humid environments, although the physiological strains were significantly reduced by resting between work periods in a cool environment. The idea of a 'cool room' inside the workplace, so as to reduce thermal stress, is proposed. (62938)

CIS 94-1791 Occupational risk factors for low back pain among sedentary workers. Burdorf A., Naaktgeboren B., de Groot H.C.W.M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1213-1220. 38 ref. (In English)

The relationship of low back pain and sedentary work was examined among crane operators, straddle carrier drivers, and a reference group of office workers, aged 25 to 60 years. Information about history of low back pain, individual characteristics, and working conditions in the past and present was obtained by a standardized interview. Assessment of postural load on the back was performed by observation of non-neutral postures of the trunk during normal work activities. Measurements showed that in both occupations the daily exposure to whole-body vibrations was low, and therefore not considered an important risk factor for low back pain in this study. The 12-month prevalence of low back pain among crane operators was 50%; among straddle carrier drivers, 44%, and among office workers 34%. It is suggested that sustained sedentary work in a forced non-neutral trunk posture is a risk factor for low back pain. (63035)

CIS 94-1792 B-scan ultrasonic measurement of the lumbar spinal canal as a predictor of industrial back pain complaints and extended work loss. Battié M.C., Hansson T., Bigos S., Zeh J., Fisher L., Spengler D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.35, No.12, p.1250-1255. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

B-scan ultrasonic measurements of lumbar spinal canal diameter were examined as predictors of industrial back pain complaints and extended work loss. Baseline data were collected on 3020 aircraft manufacturing workers, and over a mean 3.7 year follow-up period 352 subjects reported industrial back pain complaints. Mean diameters of subjects with back pain were smaller at all spinal levels than in subjects without complaints, but the differences were extremely small, and not always statistically significant. No association was found between canal measurements and work loss if greater than one month. B-scan ultrasonography, as used in this study, is of dubious screening value. (63040)

CIS 94-1793 Wind instruments: their interplay with orofacial structures. Howard J.A., Lovrovich A.T., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, June 1989, Vol.4, No.2, p.59-72. Illus. 57 ref. (In English)

A survey of 72 amateur wind musicians revealed that although the occurrence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction was comparable to the general population, many reported that such pain was accentuated by playing. The most common orofacial problem was lip sores, especially for reed instrumentalists. The individual variability of the mouth and associated musculature along with the positioning of the lips, teeth and tongue are considered in relation to the choice of instrument. Dental problems of wind instrumentalists and the role of orthodontists are also discussed. (63061)

CIS 94-1794 Minimization of finger joint forces and tendon tensions in pianists. Harding D.C., Brandt K.D., Hillberry B.M., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, Sep. 1989, Vol.4, No.3, p.103-108. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

A mathematical model based on finger anatomy was used to determine finger tendon tensions and joint reaction forces for specific finger positions and input fingertip forces. The magnitude of dynamic fingertip/key force was measured using a digital electronic piano. The model equations were then solved to determine the finger positions yielding minimum tendon and joint forces. In general, use of a more curved finger position reduces flexor tendon tensions and therefore the resulting joint reaction forces in the finger. (63065)

CIS 94-1795 A dental appliance for a clarinettist experiencing temporomandibular joint pain. Wilson J.S., Medical Problems of Performing Artists, Sep. 1989, Vol.4, No.2, p.118-121. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a wind musician can limit or even eliminate the musician's ability to play. The design and application of a mandibular dental appliance for use as a performance aid for a clarinettist previously treated for TMJ dysfunction is described. Although the appliance may not return a player to the original performance level, in this case it did allow for a reasonable level of performance. (63067)

CIS 94-1796 Proposed method to match physical test scores with the probable risk of a fatal fall. Nagata H., Safety Science, Nov. 1993, Vol.17, No.1, p.1-12. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

A series of single leg standing tests and a jump test are proposed to evaluate the standing ability of elderly employees engaged in dangerous jobs. Results indicate that the elderly who can stand less than 2 seconds in a single leg standing test on a flat beam, less than 8 seconds on a floor, and jump less than 10 times in a jump step test are at greater risk when engaged in jobs where they are liable to fall. A suggested evaluation table shows the probable risk of fatal falls for the elderly. (63072)

CIS 94-1797 Good working conditions - Proceedings of a seminar on the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases. (Danish: Det gode arbejde - rapport fra et arbejdslivsseminar om forebyggelse af muskel- og skeletsygdomme) Winding K., Andersen V., Kingod J., Dansk Institut for Klinisk Epidemiologi (DIKE), eds., Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1991. 49p. Illus., ISBN 87-89662-02-4 (In Danish)

Proceedings and conclusions of a seminar (held in Gilleleje, Denmark 20-21 Mar. 1991) where a number of people specialized in different aspects of the work environment participated. Among other suggestions, research on musculoskeletal diseases should be improved, initiatives facilitating dissemination of information should be supported and the scope of activity of safety committees should be enlarged. Work environmental aspects should be taken into consideration at all levels of the education system. (62909)

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CIS 94-1798 Personal safety at work. Lamplugh D., Health and Safety Data File, May 1994, p.J:13:9:5-J:13:9:8. 1 ref. (In English)

Aspects of violent and aggressive incidents and attacks at work are discussed. As well as physical violence, employees face verbal and mental abuse; the greater the contact with the general public, the greater the risk. The work of various agencies and recent EC legislation have encouraged employers to take a more positive approach to the personal safety of their staff. Post Trauma Syndrome and stress-related problems can severely affect the way employees work while lack of reporting of such incidents is considered to be very dangerous. Guidelines are given on assessing possible risks at work. (63006)

CIS 94-1799 Health promotion in the workplace: Alcohol and drug abuse. (French: Promotion de la santé sur les lieux de travail: abus de l'alcool et des drogues) World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. v, 35p. 54 ref. Price: CHF 7.00 (CHF 4.90 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-1208-33-3 (Eng), ISBN 92-4-2208-33-7 (Fr) (In English, French)

Report of a WHO Expert Committee which met in Geneva, Switzerland, 4-8 November 1991. Contents: basic definitions and concepts concerning alcohol- and drug-related problems in the workplace; requirements and strategies of national and international programmes; the nature and extent of alcohol- and drug-related problems and contributing factors; review of relevant health promotion initiatives (historical and cross-cultural review, nature of such initiatives, development and implementation, the regulatory context, drug screening and testing); health programme evaluation; multicultural situations; problems of developing countries. The report concludes with a number of recommendations. (62915)

CIS 94-1800 The work environment in health care institutions. (Norwegian: Arbeidsmiljø i helseinstitusjoner) Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103, Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 1991. Illus. 46p. (In Norwegian)

These guidelines concentrate on the social problems that might occur in the health care sector (mainly hospitals). Some of the common problems are external pressure and internal organizational problems. A number of solutions are outlined. The methods are illustrated by case studies. (62931)

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