CIS 94-401 Proclamation No.42/1993 - Labour Proclamation [Ethiopia]. Negarit Gazeta of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, 20 Jan. 1993, Vol.52, No.27, p.268-328. (In Amharic, English)

This new labour code of Ethiopia is effective on its date of publication. Part 7 (p.296-303 in the Official Journal) covers occupational safety, health and the working environment, in particular dealing with: obligations of employers and workers as regards health and safety; employment injuries (liability; definition of employment accident and disease; degree of disability and its assessment; benefits in the case of employment injuries). (61910)

CIS 94-402 Factories, Machinery and Building Work Ordinance, 1952 [Namibia]. (Afrikaans: Ordonnansie op Fabrieke, Masjinerie en Bouwerk 1952) Official Gazette of South West Africa - Officiële Koerant van Suidwes-Afrika, 29 July 1952, No.1701, p.3138-3159. (In Afrikaans, English)

Law No.34 of 1952, originally passed by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of South West Africa (former name of Namibia). It was assented to on 14 June 1952. Contents: definitions; registration, licensing and control of factories; hours of work, holidays and employment in factories; machinery and accidents; precautions against accidents to building workers; procedures and miscellaneous. (61997)

CIS 94-403 Law No.91-1414 of 31 Dec. 1991 modifying the Labour Code and the Public Health Code in order to promote the prevention of occupational hazards and integrating European directives on Occupational Health and Safety into national legislation [France]. (French: Loi n°91-1414 du 31 déc. 1991 modifiant le code du travail et (...) de la santé publique en vue de favoriser la prévention des risques professionnels et portant transposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 7 janv. 1992, p.319-324. (In French)

This law integrates the provisions of European directives on OSH into French legislation, including: Directive 89/391/EEC (CIS 89-1401) relating to the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work; Directive 89/392/EEC (CIS 89-1442) relating to machinery; Directive 89/655/EEC (CIS 90-357) on the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work; Directive 89/656/EEC (CIS 90-385) on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace; Directive 88/379/EEC (CIS 91-21) relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations; Directive 89/654/EEC (CIS 90-356) concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace. (62019)

CIS 94-404 General Law on Labour [Angola]. (Portuguese: Lei geral do trabalho) In: Colectânea de Legislação do Trabalho, Centro de Documentação e Informação, Administração Pública e Segurança Social, Ministério do Trabalho, Luanda, Angola, 1991, p.3-25. (In Portuguese)

Law No.6/81 acting as the Labour Code, adopted 24 Aug. 1981 (in effect: 11 Nov. 1981). Chapter IX is concerned with occupational safety and health: principles, issuing of regulations, inspection, medical examinations, occupational accidents and diseases (prevention, homologation of equipment in newly constructed or renovated plants, first aid provisions). Social security for both victims of occupational accidents and diseases and for their dependents will be integrated into the unified national social security system. (62039)

CIS 94-405 Federal Labour Inspection Act [Austria]. (German: Bundesgesetz über die Arbeitsinspektion (Arbeitsinspektionsgesetz 1993 - ArbIG)) Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, 14 Jan. 1993, Year 1993, No.16, p.523-533. (In German)

This Law (effective 1 Apr. 1993) replaces the 1974 Labour Inspection Act (CIS 75-288). It applies to the inspection of all workplaces (except: agriculture, forestry, mining, transport, educational and religious institutions, private households). Contents: definitions; role of labour inspection; entering and inspecting workplaces; carrying out investigations; gathering information; questioning of individuals; documentation; establishment and reporting of violations; recommendations and improvement orders; participation of labour inspection in legal proceedings; the Labour Inspectorate; responsibilities of local and central inspection authorities; inspection bodies for special purposes; reports and expert opinions; legal assistance; cooperation with the social security authorities; responsibilities of the authorities; penalties for violations of the law. (62060)

CIS 94-406 Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act Amendment Act, 1990 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Acts of the Parliament of South Australia, Government Printer, Adelaide SA, Australia, 1990, p.510-521. (In English)

This law amends significantly the provisions of the 1986 Act (see CIS 90-1404). Major changes involve: duties of employers and manufacturers; duties of designers and owners of buildings; representation of work groups by health and safety representatives (HSRs); election, terms of office and functions of HSRs; health and safety committees; responsibilities of employers; default and improvement notices; powers of entry of inspectors. (62069)

CIS 94-407 Internal control: Regulations with guidelines [Norway]. (Norwegian: Internkontroll: Forskrift med veiledning) Ministry of Local Government, Oslo, Norway, 1991. 16p. (In English, Norwegian)

These Regulations became effective on 1. Jan. 1992. They state the responsibilities of the people involved in work environmental matters within the enterprise. Examples of such responsibilities are: internal monitoring, coordination, documentation. Detailed guidelines are appended. (61892)

CIS 94-408 Ordinance 5/1993 (26 Dec.) of the Minister of Labour on the implementation of certain provisions of Act No.93 of 1993 concerning occupational safety and health [Hungary]. (Hungarian: A munkaügyi miniszter 5/1993. (XII.26.) MüM rendelete a munkavédelemről szóló 1993. évi XCIII. törvény egyes rendelkezéseinek végrehajtásáról) Magyar Közlöny, 26 Dec. 1993, No.187, p.11175-11187. (In Hungarian)

Internet:
http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99300005.MUM

These Regulations (effective 1 Jan. 1994) were issued under the authority of the 1993 Act concerning OSH (see CIS 94-1). They concern: safety checks of work equipment; requirement to employ qualified OSH experts in certain enterprises; notification of occupational accidents; establishment of an OSH programme in certain enterprises; certification of OSH experts. In annex: list of machinery and equipment subject to safety checks under these Regulations; hazard classification of economic sectors; considerations during the investigation and notification of an occupational accident; notification form; fields of activity of OSH experts. (62000)

CIS 94-409 Directive on the investigation of occupational accidents and the notification of occupational diseases [Estonia]. (Estonian: Tööõnnetuste ja kutsehaiguste uurimise ja arvelevõtmise kord; Russian: Porjadok rassledovanija i učeta nesčastnyh slučaev na proizvodstve i slučaev professional'nyh zabolevanij) Riigi Teataja, 21 June 1993, No.34, p.875-887. (In Estonian, Russian)

This legal text represents official guidance to the investigation and notification of occupational accidents and diseases in Estonia. It was written in conformity with articles 25, 26 and 27 of the Estonian Labour Code. In annex: sample reporting forms. A Russian translation and an Estonian offprint are available from: Tööeksperdi RAS, 0001 Tallin pst.5, Estonia. (62031)

CIS 94-410 Executive Decree No.40/86 (13 Oct.), approving the general rules for safety and health at work by workstation, reproduced in the Annex and being an integral part of this Executive Decree [Angola]. (Portuguese: Decreto executivo n°40/86: Aprova as Regras de Protecção e Higiene no trabalho por postos de trabalho, publicados em anexo e que são parte integrante do presente decreto executivo) Diário da República, 13 Oct. 1986, Series I, No.82, p.406-408. (In Portuguese)

This Decree adopts basic safety and health rules into Angolan legislation. The rules are to be developed by enterprises, based on some common principles given in the annex: basic concepts; aims of OSH; factors to be taken into consideration in the development of the rules; basic requirements (before, during and after work); recommendations for safety and health measures. (62038)

CIS 94-411 Decree No.20/84 (21 Sep.), replacing the National Directorate of Labour and Inspection Matters with the National Directorate of Labour Inspection, and establishing the charter of this institution [Angola]. (Portuguese: Dec. n°20/84: Extingue a Direcção Nacional dos Assuntos Laborais e Inspecção e cria, em sua substituição, a Direcção Nacional de Inspecção do Trabalho, aprovando o respectivo diploma orgânico) In: Colectânea de Legislação do Trabalho, Centro de Documentação e Informação, Administração Pública e Segurança Social, Ministério do Trabalho, Luanda, Angola, 1991, p.112-119. (In Portuguese)

This Decree establishes a labour inspectorate for Angola within the Ministry of Labour and Social Security. It sets up the internal organization of the inspectorate, and defines the role and powers of the inspectorate and of labour inspectors. (62040)

CIS 94-412 Royal Order No.530 of 31 Mar. 1987 modifying the legislation on occupational accidents; Royal Order of 16 De. 1987 on the organization and functioning of a centralized databank at the Occupational Accident Fund [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit nr.530 (31 maart 1987) tot wijziging van de arbeidsongevallenwetgeving; Koninklijk besluit nr.531 tot wijziging van het kon. besl. van 18 juni 1976 tot uitvoering van artikel 46 van de wet van 30 maart 1976 betreffende de economische Lerstelmaatregelen; French: Arrêté royal n°530 du 31.3.1987 modifiant la législation sur les accidents du travail; Arrêté royal du 16.12.1987 portant organisation et fonctionnement d'une banque centrale de données au Fonds des accidents du travail [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 16 Apr. 1987, 157th year, No.75, p.5648-5654; 25 Dec. 1987, 157th year, No.249, p.19522-19523. (In Dutch, French)

Royal Order No.530 primarily modifies the 1971 Act on occupational accidents (CIS 90-701). In addition to making changes in the payment of workmen's compensation benefits, the Order defines the role of the Occupational Accident Fund (Fonds voor arbeidsongevallen - Fonds des accidents du travail): payment of workmen's compensation benefits; acting as an intermediary between Belgium and the EEC in matters relevant to occupational accidents; organization of a safety policy in Belgium; creation of a centralized databank of occupational accidents. The Royal Order dated 16 Dec. 1987 provides details on the databank to be set up. (62070)

CIS 94-413 List of federal laws, ordinances, rules and notices on occupational safety and health [Switzerland]. (French: Liste des lois fédérales, des ordonnances, des règles et des instructions relatives à la sécurité au travail [Suisse]; German: Verzeichnis über Bundesgesetze, Verordnungen, Richtlinien und Anleitungen für die Arbeitssicherheit; Italian: Elenco delle leggi federali, delle ordinanze, delle direttive e delle istruzioni per la sicurezza sul lavoro) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Sektion Administration, Postfach 4358, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1992. 30p. Index. (In French, German, Italian)

List of 113 legal instruments on engineering safety and on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases in force in Switzerland as of May 1992. Alphabetical subject index. (62112)

CIS 94-414 Regulation No.33/90 modifying articles 3 and 4 of Regulation DNHST 31/89, and bringing up to date Annexes I and II of the same Regulation [Argentina]. (Spanish: Disp. 33/90 - modifícanse los artículos 3° y 4° de la Disposición DNHST 31/89, y actualízanse los Anexos I y II de la citada Disposición) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 4 Jan. 1991, Year 99, No.27,045, p.12-14. (In Spanish)

This Regulation obliges producers, importers and users of substances listed in Annex I (Groups I, II A and II B of the IARC classification of carcinogenic substances) to inscribe themselves in a registry established by the government. The notification form for this registration is in Annex II. (62055)

CIS 94-415 Mine Management Act 1990; Mine Management Regulations 1992 [Australia - Northern Territory]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 19p. (pages numbered 88,411 - 88,553). (In English)

The Act received assent on 22 June 1990 and was proclaimed on 24 dec. 1992 (modifications to 1 July 1993 are included). It repealed the Mines Safety Control Act 1976 (see CIS 92-1757). Contents: definitions; application (all mines plus other operations as specified by the Minister); appointment of the Chief Government Mining Engineer, government mining engineers, and mines inspectors, establishment and functions of the Mining Board of the Northern Territory; responsibilities of mine managers, keeping of mine record books; notification of mine operations; accidents (notification, inspection); lost time injury reports; employment standards; winding engines and their drivers; mine plans; inspection of mines; adoption of codes of practice; issuing of regulations. The Regulations were made on 18 Dec. 1992 and gazetted on 24 Dec. 1992. Only their Table of Provisions is microfiched by CIS. Regulations are classified by broad subject: preliminary; general medical examinations and records; occupational health; fire; explosives; electricity; machinery; mobile equipment; safety in open cuts; safety underground; engines underground; ventilation; winding; dams; dredges; miscellaneous. (62053)

CIS 94-416 Notification on the design of temporary or changing workplaces [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om skiftende arbejdssteders indretning) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 4p. Price: DKK 17.25. (In Danish)

This notification states a number of rules affecting for workplaces that are temporary or that are moved around. Among the rules are: workers must have access to welfare facilities (toilet, washroom, washing facilities, lunchroom, storage facilities for personal belongings, access to shower-facilities if needed etc.). There are special demands on vehicles used as workplaces or as accommodation. (61894)

CIS 94-417 Regulations made under the provisions of the Mines, Works and Minerals Ordinance, 1968 [Namibia]. (Afrikaans: Regulasies ingevolge die bepalings van die Ordonnansie op myne, bedrywe en minerale, 1968) Official Gazette of South West Africa - Officiële Koerant van Suidwes-Afrika, 1 Oct. 1968, No.2927, p.1514-1624 (Index: 6 Dec. 1968, No.2948, p.1914-1932). (In Afrikaans, English)

Regulations originally issued by the government of the Territory of South West Africa (former name of Namibia). In addition to dealing with issues such as claims and hours of work, they are concerned with all aspects of mining safety (pp.1523-1613), under the headings: mines and works; machinery; accidents; blasting certificates. (61998)

CIS 94-418 Notification on genetic technology and the working environment [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om genteknologi og arbejdsmiljø) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1991. 33p. (In Danish)

This notification is the ratification of directive 90/219/EEC (see CIS 93-1075), which came into force on 23 Oct. 1991. It applies to all work with genetically modified organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, cultures of cells and viruses). Laboratories where such organisms are handled are obliged to obtain a classification and clearance from the Occupational Safety and Health Services. Research projects involving such organisms are to be registered before they start. Large-scale research plans must also be registered, this applying as well to each project using organisms believed to be harmful. Production plants must be registered with and approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Services. Employers are obliged to provide written safety instructions to staff and to apply safety measures. Classifications and clearances can be withdrawn if the conditions are not complied with. (61832)

CIS 94-419 Dangerous Goods Act 1984 [Australia - Australian Capital Territory]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 4p. (pages numbered 90,434 - 90,503). (In English)

This Act received assent on 9 February 1984 and commenced on 1 March 1984. It essentially implements in the Australian Capital Territory the provisions of the Dangerous Goods Act 1975 (see CIS 91-1763) of the State of New South Wales and the Regulations issued under it. It also provides for the appointment of a Chief Inspector of Dangerous Goods, for the issuing of certificates, for the making of regulations and various other matters. Amendments to May 1989 are included. (61994)

CIS 94-420 Law No.24,051 on dangerous wastes [Argentina]. (Spanish: Ley N°24.051 - Residuos peligrosos) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 17 Jan. 1992, Year 100, No.27,307, p.1-4. (In Spanish)

This law deals with the safe production, handling, transportation, treatment and final disposal of dangerous wastes. Contents: creation of a National Register of Producers and Handlers of Dangerous Wastes, and the requirements of information to be submitted to this Register by enterprises that produce, transport, treat, or dispose of dangerous wastes; responsibilities; enforcement. In annex: detailed lists of dangerous wastes (by category and definition); codes for dangerous properties; definition of disposal operations; definition of operations that may lead to recycling and other forms of resource recuperation. (62058)

CIS 94-421 Silica [Sweden]. (Swedish: Kvarts) National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 18 June 1992. 22p., ISBN 91-7930-161-4 (In Swedish)

Revision of Ordinance AFS 1983:14 (CIS 83-1554). Includes: scope; definitions; general provisions (replacement by less harmful substances, limitation of exposure); labelling of packages containing powdered silica; prohibition of the use of silica-containing sandblasting agents for non-mechanized abrasive blasting; restrictions in the use of silica-containing substances; dust control by enclosure of machinery and local ventilation; elimination of deposited dust in the workplace to evaluate exposure to silica dust; medical supervision of exposed workers (chest X-ray). Detailed commentary. (61911)

CIS 94-422 Lead [Sweden]. (Swedish: Bly) National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 25p., ISBN 91-7930-162-2 (In Swedish)

These Regulations (effective: 1 Mar. 1993) apply to all work involving the manufacture, use or handling of lead and lead-containing materials (except for those which contain less than 1% lead, and except for work in mines). Sections cover: definitions; general rules; marking; limitation of use of certain lead-containing products; precautions to be taken when performing tasks such as cleaning of lead cables or storage batteries; welding and cutting; equipment and premises; housekeeping; personal protective equipment; work clothes and protective clothing; monitoring of lead in air; medical supervision; special provisions. Detailed commentary. For previous Regulations (AFS 1984:12), see CIS 85-405. (61912)

CIS 94-423 Health and Safety - The Notification of New Substances Regulations 1993 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 33p. Price: GBP 6.10, ISBN 0-11-034278-X (In English)

These Regulations were made on 15 December 1993, and they came into force on 31 January 1994. They implement as regards Great Britain the provisions of Council Directive 92/32/EEC (see CIS 92-726) and they supersede and revoke the 1982 Regulations (CIS 90-710) on the same subject. The scope of the Regulations extends to all new substances (substances not appearing in EINECS, with the exception of those classified as medicinal products, foodstuffs, animal feed, plant protection products, radioactive substances, waste materials, cosmetics, or substances "no longer polymer"). The Regulations prescribe notification, further testing (conforming with the principles of good laboratory practice) and information procedures to be applied when a new substance is placed on the market. They also describe the rights and duties of the competent authority. In annex: characteristic properties of dangerous substances; information required in technical dossiers; additional information and tests required under Regulation 5. (61999)

CIS 94-424 Health (Asbestos) Regulations 1992 [Australia - Western Australia]. Government Gazette of Western Australia, 22 May 1992, No.70, p.2129-2135. (In English)

These regulations, issued under the Health Act 1911, apply to all places in the state with the exception of mines, petroleum wells and petroleum pipelines. Asbestos is declared to be a hazardous substance. The sale, supply or use of asbestos cement sheets is subject to stringent safety precautions, with particular attention to be paid to the prevention of atmospheric release of asbestos fibres. Asbestos-containing materials can only be disposed of at places specified in the schedules of the Regulations. (62036)

CIS 94-425 Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Amendment Regulations (No.2) 1991 [Australia - Western Australia]. Government Gazette of Western Australia, 29 May 1992, No.72, p.2220-2221. (In English)

These regulations modify the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations 1988 (see CIS 90-1410). Schedule 3 of the 1988 Regulations is repealed, and the atmospheric exposure standards specified in Worksafe Australia's National Exposure Standards (CIS 92-1296) are introduced into Western Australian legislation (with special 8h-TWA values for vinyl chloride - 1ppm of air by vol.; and for respirable quartz - 0.1mg/m³ of air). For inspirable or respirable dust not within the scope of the National Standards, 8h-TWA exposure limits of 10mg/m³ of air for inspirable dust, and of 5mg/m³ of air for respirable dust are set. Some other minor changes in the Regulations are made. (62037)

CIS 94-426 Code of Practice for Asbestos Work (Excluding Asbestos Removal) [Australia - South Australia]. South Australian Government Gazette, 14 Mar. 1991, No.24, p.879-919. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

This Code of Practice was issued under the authority of the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act, 1986 (see CIS 90-1404). It provides practical guidance and is legally binding unless another solution can be found that achieves the same or better standard of health and safety. It covers: application and definitions; consultation; assessment; monitoring; exposure records; management of installed asbestos in buildings, structures and plant; exposure control (elimination, substitution, containment, local exhaust ventilation, management of leaks and unplanned exposures to asbestos, maintenance of control measures); safe working practices; respiratory protective equipment; protective clothing; cleanliness, housekeeping and waste disposal; changing rooms and washing facilities; prohibition of eating, drinking and smoking in an area where asbestos work is carried out; health surveillance; induction and training; employees' duties. In appendices: work with asbestos cement; handling and repair of asbestos-based friction materials; maintenance work near asbestos insulation. (62051)

CIS 94-427 Regulation No.369/91 approving standards for the use, manipulation and safe disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and their wastes [Argentina]. (Spanish: Resolución 369/91 - apruébanse las normas para uso, manipuleo y disposición segura de difenilos policlorados y sus desechos) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 2 May 1991, Year 99, No.27,127, p.4-9. Illus. (In Spanish)

This Regulation establishes basic standards for work processes where polychlorinated biphenyls are present, and for the appropriate use of personal and collective protective equipment. Contents: definitions; handling; work processes; storage; transport; what to do in case of accidents; the work environment; labelling and warning signs; training of personnel; first aid provisions; persons susceptible to increased effects of exposure; incineration. In annex: basic personal protective equipment; required label (Toxic); trade names in common use. (62056)

CIS 94-428 Resolution 577/91, approving standards for the use, handling and disposal of asbestos and its wastes [Argentina]. (Spanish: Resolución 577/91 - apruébanse las normas para el uso, manipuleo y disposición del amianto y sus desechos) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 16 July 1991, Year 99, No.27,176, p.5-11. Illus. (In Spanish)

The aim of this Resolution is to standardize the use, handling and disposal of asbestos and its wastes in all situations where there is a danger of occupational exposure. Contents: definition of different kinds of asbestos, asbestos dust and asbestos fibres; hygiene requirements of locales where asbestos is present; technical means of exposure prevention; labelling (with illustrations); information and training of workers; medical supervision of workers; work clothes; elements of respiratory protection; hygiene facilities; transportation; disposal of asbestos waste. In annex: methods for the determination of respirable asbestos fibres in air; the ILO International Classification of Pneumoconiosis. (62057)

CIS 94-429 Chemical products: The Act and Regulations [Sweden]. (Swedish: Kemiska produkter: Lag och förordningar) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 7th ed., 1993. 111p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-373-2 (In Swedish)

This compendium of Swedish legislation (for last edition abstracted, see CIS 89-723) concerning chemical products contains the full texts of: Chemical Products Act (1985, amended in 1988); Act on the taxation of batteries harmful to the environment (1990); Regulation on chemical products (1985, amended to 1993); Regulations on pesticides, PCBs, motor fuel, cadmium, certain substances harmful to health or the environment, harmful waste, obligation to notify the authorities of asbestos in ventilation equipment, prohibition of asbestos in friction linings in vehicles, batteries harmful to the environment, CFCs and halon, sale and storage of certain volatile solvents; Prescriptions of the Chemicals Inspectorate for the classification and labelling of harmful chemical products during their transfer, and for the provision of material safety data sheets. (61914)

CIS 94-430 Convention on the transboundary effects of industrial accidents [United Nations]. (French: Convention sur les effets transfrontières des accidents industriels [Nations Unies]) United Nations Publications Sales, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 1992. 36p. (In English, French, Russian)

This Convention was adopted in Helsinki, Finland, on 17 March 1992. It concerns the prevention of, preparedness for and response to industrial accidents capable of causing transboundary effects. Articles in the convention include: the need to take appropriate preventive measures; decision-making on siting of new hazardous activities; emergency preparedness; information to and participation of the public; industrial accident notification systems; response measures; mutual assistance; exchange of technology. Further details are provided in the annexes which include a list of categories of hazardous substances and named substances along with their threshold quantities. (61827)

CIS 94-431 Explosives Act, 1956 (Act No.26 of 1956) [South Africa]. Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1956, Part I, p.467-493. (In English)

This law was assented to on 2 May 1956. It covers: definitions; appointment of inspectors; need of authorization of manufacture, storage and possession of explosives (except in small quantities for chemical experiments or practical trials); need for licences for dealing, importing or exporting explosives or for using blasting materials; procedures for obtaining permits and licences; powers of inspectors; duties of occupiers of explosives factories with regard to safety, penalties for endangering safety, and powers to issue regulations. The Explosives Act, 1911 and its amendments are repealed, though not the Regulations issued under it. (61996)

CIS 94-432 Marine (Dangerous Goods) Regulations 1990 [Australia - Queensland]. Queensland Government Gazette, 28 July 1990, Vol.294, No.101, p.1926-1953. Illus. (In English)

Regulations issued under the authority of the Queensland Marine Act 1958-1989, and effective 28 July 1990. Contents: definitions; general safety requirements for ships; further provisions relating to tankers and other ships carrying dangerous goods in bulk, to explosives and to radioactive substances. In annex: labels to be used with various kinds of substances; limitations on quantities. (62054)

CIS 94-433 Ordinance of the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs concerning the designation of dangerous installations and the responsibilities of owners of such installations with regard to major accidents (Major Accident Ordinance) [Austria]. (German: Verordnung des Bundesministers für wirtschaftliche Angelegenheiten über die Bezeichnung gefahrengeneigter Anlagen und über die den Inhaber einer solchen Anlage in bezug auf Störfälle treffenden Verpflichtungen (Störfallverordnung)) Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, 28 Nov. 1991, Year 1991, No.216, p.2519-2528. (In German)

This Ordinance (No. 593) came into force on 1 Dec. 1991. Contents: definitions; prevention of major hazards (safety responsibilities; prevention of major hazards (safety responsibilities; prevention of major hazards in dangerous installations; limitation of the effects of major accidents; other responsibilities of owners; hazard evaluation by specific types of installations; emergency plans; notification requirements); miscellaneous. In annex: list of dangerous substances (with threshold quantities in kg); list of types of dangerous installations. (62059)

CIS 94-434 Hydro-Electric Commission Act [Australia - Tasmania]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 5p. (pages numbered 81,201 - 81,221). (In English)

This Act received assent on 14 December 1944. Parts I (preliminary and interpretation), X (licensing of electrical mechanics), XI (regulation of electrical appliances, including the adoption of standards) and XII (by-laws) have safety implications, which are the only sections microfiched by CIS. Amendments to December 1991 are included. (61993)

CIS 94-435 Radioactive Substances Act 1958 [Australia - Queensland]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 16p. (pages numbered 69,701 - 69,764). Also published in: Queensland Government Gazette, 20 June 1958, p.1733-. (In English)

This Act (No.20 of 1958) received assent on 7 May 1958 and commenced 15 July 1958. Its purpose is to control and regulate the possession, sale, transport and use of radioactive substances and the possession and use of certain kinds of radiation-producing apparatus. Contents: definitions; constitution and role of the Radiological Advisory Council; the issuing and cancellation of licences; rules relating to the possession and use of irradiating apparatus; powers of inspectors; analysis of radioactive substances; furnishing of documents; issuing of regulations. Amendments to Nov. 1980 are included. (61991)

CIS 94-436 Atomic Energy Act, 1967 (No.90 of 1967) [South Africa]. Official Gazette Extraordinary (South Africa), 8 Sep. 1967, No.2820, p.58-88. (In English)

This Act (assented to on 19 June 1967) concerns the control of prospecting and mining for and the processing, enrichment, reprocessing, possession and disposal of radioactive materials and substances. It also covers the production of nuclear energy and radioactive nuclides. Contents: definitions; permits and licences; constitution, powers and functions of the Atomic Energy Board; issuing of regulations. (61995)

CIS 94-437 Radiation Control Act 1990 [Australia - New South Wales]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 14p. (pages numbered 59,501 - 59,562). (In English)

This Act received assent on 7 June 1992, and commenced in part between 7 November 1990 and 1 September 1993. Amendments to 18 May 1992 are included. The Radioactive Substances Act 1957 (see CIS 93-1766) is repealed. Contents: definitions; restrictions on use, sale, etc. of radioactive substances and certain radiation apparatus; responsibilities of owners of sealed radioactive sources and certain radiation apparatus; responsibilities of occupiers of premises where unsealed radioactive sources are present; accreditation of radiation experts; licensing of users, vendors, etc. of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation apparatus; inspection and enforcement; decontamination of premises; penalties; administration (establishment and role of a Radiation Advisory Council); exemptions; issuing of regulations. (62032)

CIS 94-438 Industrial Noise Control regulations 1978; Machine Noise Control Regulations 1978 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 7+2p. (pages numbered 73,501 - 73,542). (In English)

Two sets of Regulations that commenced on 6 July 1978 and were made under the Noise Control Act 1977 (CIS 91-1772). They cover: definitions; instrumentation for noise measurement; time, place and manner of noise measurements; adjustments to measured noise levels; maximum permissible noise levels. (61893)

CIS 94-439 Noise Control (Hearing Conservation) Regulations 1978 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 6p. (pages numbered 73,561 - 73,582). (In English)

These Regulations commenced on 6 July 1978 and were made under the Noise Control Act 1977 (CIS 91-1772). They cover: definitions; general requirements for the institution of hearing conservation measures (workplaces with L_eq > 90dB or noise level at any time > 115dB); measurement of noise; standards; exemptions; protective devices; risk identification; tests and examinations; employee obligations; wearing of hearing protective devices. In schedule: estimation of equivalent continuous noise level (L_eq). (61992)

CIS 94-440 Radiation Protection and Control (Transport of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1991 [Australia - South Australia]. South Australian Government Gazette, 12 Dec. 1991, No.128, p.1857-1861. (In English)

Regulations issued under the authority of the Radiation Protection and Control Act 1982. They incorporate "International Regulations" (Annex 1 of the Australian Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Substances 1990) into South Australian legislation, and set out the safety responsibilities of carriers, consignors, drivers and store keepers of radioactive substances. (62052)

CIS 94-441 Code of Practice for Manual Handling [Australia - Queensland]. Queensland Government Gazette, 2 Feb. 1991, Vol.296, No.17, p.265-320 (also numbered p.1-56). Illus. (In English)

This Code of Practice was issued in conformity with the provisions of the Workplace Health and Safety Act (CIS 90-1402). Its purpose is to provide practical advice to employers, employees and others in meeting the requirements of the Act with respect to the identification, assessment and control of risks arising from any manual handling activities in workplaces. Contents: definitions; general principles (consultation, design); risk identification; risk assessment; risk control. Several checklists accompany the text. (62035)

CIS 94-442 Workplace Health and Safety (Plant) Code of Practice Approval Notice 1993 [Australia - Queensland]. Queensland Government Gazette, 19 Mar. 1993, Vol.302, No.58, p.1169-1272 (also numbered 1-101). Illus. (In English)

This Code of Practice (the enabling notice commenced 30 Apr. 1993) was issued under the Workplace Health and Safety Act (CIS 90-1402). It provides practical guidance to all those with a duty to care with respect to plant (machinery, equipment, appliances, tools, personal protective equipment, etc., and their components) at the workplace. The Code outlines provisions for the prevention and control of risks arising from or associated with plant at workplaces. Classification of provisions of the Code is primarily by the person affected (designer, manufacturer, importer, supplier, installer, employer, person in control, employee, non-employee). Special provisions are outlined for specified plant: air-conditioning units, amusement devices, cylinders, escalators, lifts. In annex: relevant provisions of the Act; risk management; standards; scope of manufacturers' instructions. (62089)

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CIS 94-443 Acetamide. (Spanish: Acetamida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0233. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen. (61941)

CIS 94-444 Acetic acid. (Spanish: Acido acético) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0363. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm (25mg/m³) (as TWA); 15ppm (37mg/m³) (as STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61942)

CIS 94-445 Acrylic acid. (Spanish: Acido acrílico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0688. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosion of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 2ppm; 5.9mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61943)

CIS 94-446 Ascorbic acid. (Spanish: Acido ascórbico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0379. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. (61944)

CIS 94-447 sec-Butyl acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de sec-butilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0840. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 950mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61945)

CIS 94-448 Calcium carbide. (Spanish: Acetiluro de calcio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0406. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. (61946)

CIS 94-449 Citric acid. (Spanish: Acido cítrico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0855. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (61947)

CIS 94-450 Citric acid, monohydrate. (Spanish: Acido cítrico (monohidrato)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0704. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. (61948)

CIS 94-451 Crotonic acid. (Spanish: Acido crotónico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0423. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion and irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61949)

CIS 94-452 3,6-Dichloro-picolinic acid. (Spanish: Acido 3,6-dicloropiridina-2-carboxílico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0443. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys. (61950)

CIS 94-453 Edetic acid. (Spanish: Acido edético) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0886. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (61951)

CIS 94-454 Ethane iodide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosion of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects; may affect the kidney, thyroid and liver. (61952)

CIS 94-455 Ethanethiol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm; 1.3mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (61953)

CIS 94-456 Ethyl acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de etilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0367. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 400ppm; 1400mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61954)

CIS 94-457 Ethylene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: may cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 100mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (61955)

CIS 94-458 2-Ethylhexanoic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver. (61956)

CIS 94-459 2-Ethylhexanoic acid. (Spanish: Acido 2-etilhexanoico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0477. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver. (61957)

CIS 94-460 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (61958)

CIS 94-461 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 25mg/m³ (CEILING) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61959)

CIS 94-462 Fenamiphos. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption. Long-term exposure effects: depression of blood cholinesterase. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61960)

CIS 94-463 Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; pulmonary oedema (often delayed); convulsions; arrythmia; coma; respiratory depression. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.05mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61961)

CIS 94-464 Formic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 9.4mg/m³ (TWA); 10ppm; 19mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61962)

CIS 94-465 Formic acid. (Spanish: Acido fórmico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0485. International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 9.4mg/m³ (TWA); 10ppm; 19mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61963)

CIS 94-466 1,6-Hexanediol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. (61964)

CIS 94-467 2-Hexanol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects. (61965)

CIS 94-468 1-Hexene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of mucous membranes; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (61966)

CIS 94-469 Hydrogen cyanide, liquefied. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as C): 10ppm; 11mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK 0.3mg/m³ (skin) (USSR 1988). (61967)

CIS 94-470 Isobutyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV:150ppm; 713mg/m³ (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61968)

CIS 94-471 Isodecyl alcohol (mixed isomers). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. (61969)

CIS 94-472 Isooctyl alcohol (mixed isomers). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm; 266mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61970)

CIS 94-473 Isophorone diamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; tear drawing; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis; skin burns. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; may affect the lungs. (61971)

CIS 94-474 Mercuric phenylacetate. (Spanish: Acetato de fenilmercurio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0540. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; renal dysfunction. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; possible antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as Hg): 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61972)

CIS 94-475 2-Methoxyethyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver, kidney and blood; may impair male fertility. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 24mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61973)

CIS 94-476 Phenyl acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de fenilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0539. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (61974)

CIS 94-477 Potassium acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de potasio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0547. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (61975)

CIS 94-478 2-Propanol, 1,1'-iminodi-. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of skin and eyes. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61976)

CIS 94-479 n-Propyl acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de propilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0940. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 200ppm; 840mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). TLV (STEL): 250ppm; (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61977)

CIS 94-480 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de 1-metil-2-metoxietilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-800. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. (61978)

CIS 94-481 Sodium acetate. (Spanish: Acetato de sodio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0565. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (61979)

CIS 94-482 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: isooctane. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver and kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver and kidneys. (61980)

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CIS 94-483 Training in safety and health at work - European Year of safety, hygiene and health protection at work. (French: La formation à la sécurité et la santé sur le lieu de travail - Année européenne pour la sécurité, l'hygiène et la santé sur le lieu de travail) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1992. 37p. Illus. 4 ref., ISBN 92-826-4573-8 (es), ISBN 92-826-4574-6 (ne), ISBN 92-826-4575-4 (de), ISBN 92-826-4576-2 (el), ISBN 92-826-4577-0 (En), ISBN 92-826-4578-9 (fr), ISBN 92-826-4579-7 (it), ISBN 92-826-4580-0 (da), ISBN 92-826-4581-9 (po) (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

Contents of this booklet: EEC policy on safety and health training; safety consciousness, motivation and training; training at school - developing the theme of safety; health and safety training in the working environment; defining requirements for health and safety training; teaching objectives and the target population; selection of the teaching method; training materials and instruments; assessment of the results. (61887)

CIS 94-484 Directory of audiovisual materials, 1992/93. (French: Répertoire de documents audiovisuels, 1992-1993) Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail, 1199 rue de Bleury, Montréal, Québec H3B 3J1, Canada, Oct. 1992. 81p., ISBN 2-550-26743-5 (In French)

Annotated catalogue of approx. 700 audiovisual materials dealing with safety and health topics (mostly videocassettes, but also audiocassettes, slide sets and films) available for rental from the provincial OSH agency in Quebec. Both French- and English-language materials are included. Indexes by subject and material type. (61909)

CIS 94-485 Trade unions and international health and safety - CTUC/TUC Development Education Project. Commonwealth Trade Union Council, Congress House, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS, United Kingdom, 1993. 63p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Training material aimed at trade union health and safety representatives in the Commonwealth. Its principal contents include three factsheets: 1 - Why international health and safety? 2 - International standards on health and safety (at the national, European and worldwide level). 3 - Sources of information (organizations, computer-based information). Many case studies are included. (61919)

CIS 94-486 Audio-visual facilities. (French: Moyens audiovisuels; German: Filme, Videos, Diaschauen; Italian: Audiovisivi) SUVA, Sektion Administration, Postfach 4358, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1993. 80p. Illus. (In English, French, German, Italian)

Catalogue of safety and health training materials (films, videos, slide sets) available for rental (and some for sale) from the Swiss national safety and health authority. Rental charges are CHF 15.00 per package (CHF 30.00 for express mailings). Materials are classified according to broad subject area: general; construction and plant; machinery and metalworking; woodworking; forestry; chemical safety; transport and storage; electric safety; noise; radiation; occupational diseases; explosions and fires; personal protective equipment; other topics; leisure-time safety (sport, traffic, households). (62111)

CIS 94-487 Safety plan for small and medium-size enterprises - Original profile. (Dutch: KMO Veiligheidsplan - Veiligheidsprofiel; French: Plan sécurité PME - Profil de départ) Association nationale pour la prévention des accidents du travail, ANPAT, 88 rue Gachard, Boîte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1993. 19p. Illus., ISBN 2-87112-022-6 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-20-6 (nl) (In Dutch, French)

This checklist is aimed at establishing a safety profile in small and medium-sized enterprises by identifying flaws and proposing remedies. It is designed for safety practitioners, managers, members of OSH Committees, etc. It allows an easy identification of flaws and problems by checking certain safety factors, including: A. Organization of health and safety at work (policy, hierarchy, OSH committee, etc.); B. Training and information; C. Purchase of equipment (control of conformity to standards, instructions relating to use, control, maintenance, inspections); D. Use of protective equipment; E. Dangerous substances; F. Premises (access and layout, cleanliness, electrical installations); G. Fire safety and prevention; H. Environment. (62126)

CIS 94-488 Publications on safety at work and during leisure - Exhaustive list for 1993/94. (French: Publications sur la sécurité au travail et durant les loisirs - Offre complète 1993/94; German: Publikationen zur Arbeits- und Freizeitsicherheit - Gesamtangebot 1993/94; Italian: Pubblicazioni sulla sicurezza sul lavoro e nel tempo libero - Offerta completa 1993/94) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Sektion Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach 4358, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1993. 110p. Index. (In French, German, Italian)

The 450 CNA publications on occupational safety (except for some on leisure safety) listed in this catalogue are classified by industry and specialty (construction, wood, chemistry, pulp and paper, transportation, electricity, noise, radiation protection, occupational diseases, fire and explosion, personal protection equipment) and within each category according to the type of document, namely: 1. Swiss Datasheets on Occupational Safety (Schweizerische Blätter für Arbeitssicherheit); 2. Information notes on safety at work, brochures, forms and others; 3. Posters, stickers, notices. Each entry specifies the type of document, the number of pages and the language in which it is available (French, English, German, Italian, Romanche, Spanish, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish). This list also includes a number of publications of the Swiss EKAS (Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit) as well as a number of important documents on occupational safety published by the Confederation. Analytical index (Keywords or descriptors). (62131)

CIS 94-489 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Estonian: Ohutustehnika, tervisekaitse ja töötingimused - Käsiraamat) International Labour Office, Joint Industrial Safety Council, P.O. Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1993. 107p. + appended discussion leader's guide, 12+12p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-357-0 (In Estonian)

Translation into Estonian of the training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions" published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. Annexes: discussion leader's guide. (61988)

CIS 94-490 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Greek: Ugieinē & Asfaleia stous hōrous ergasias) International Labour Office, Joint Industrial Safety Council, P.O. Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1993. 110p. Illus. (In Greek)

Translation into Greek of the training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions" published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. (61989)

CIS 94-491 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Russian: Bezopasnost', ohrana zdorov'ja i uslovija truda - Učebnoe posobie) International Labour Office, Joint Industrial Safety Council, P.O. Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1987. 140p. + appended discussion leader's guide, 17+15p. Illus. (In Russian)

Translation into Russian of the training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions" published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. Annexes: discussion leader's guide. (61990)

CIS 94-492 The Ajax safety assessment manual. Ajax Health and Safety Services, The Business Centre, Edward Street, Redditch B97 6HA, Worcestershire, United Kingdom, 1993. 25p. Illus. (In English)

This package contains a guidance booklet on the development of health and safety management systems, a loose-leaf pro-forma safety manual to be completed for the individual place of work and additional master copies of forms required for some workplaces or activities. The ten sections in the guidance booklet cover: area of responsibility; hazards in the workplace; risk assessment; job safety information; emergency arrangements; maintenance of controls; routine inspections; training records; action list; special assessments. Within each section, guidance is given on the completion of the corresponding sheets in the pro-forma manual. (61870)

CIS 94-493 Health and safety protection at work: A guide for small and medium-sized enterprises. (French: Guide "sécurité et santé au travail à l'usage des PME") Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 57p. Illus., ISBN 92-826-6115-6 (de), ISBN 92-826-6117-2 (En), ISBN 92-826-6118-0 (fr) (In English, French, German)

This guide explains the requirements of the EEC's health and safety directives and provides a teaching aid for employers and for trainers in professional organizations and teaching establishments. Contents: the general organization of safety and health enterprises; worker information, consultation, participation and training in the fields of safety and health; minimum safety and health requirements in the workplace; the use of work equipment; personal protective equipment; manual handling of loads; display-screen equipment; safety and health signs at work. (61890)

CIS 94-494 Your work and your health - What your doctor needs to know. HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 6p. (In English)

This booklet tells workers what information they should give to their family doctor if they think that they have an illness connected with their work. The information is classified according to symptoms, job, working conditions, substances used at work, and work patterns and practices. The booklet also informs workers of their rights and responsibilities in connection with job-related illness and about further sources of information. (61881)

CIS 94-495 Health and safety training in the fishing industry. (French: La formation à la sécurité et à la santé dans le secteur de la pêche) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 66p. Illus. 4 ref., ISBN 92-826-5010-3 (es), ISBN 92-826-5011-1 (da), ISBN 92-826-5012-X (de), ISBN 92-826-5013-8 (el), ISBN 92-826-5014-6 (En), ISBN 92-826-5015-4 (fr), ISBN 92-826-5016-2 (it), ISBN 92-826-5017-0 (ne), ISBN 92-826-5018-9 (po) (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

Contents of this guide: working conditions on board a fishing vessel and accident statistics; socio-economic characteristics of the sector; safety, health and hygiene at the workplace; examples of accidents and fault-tree analysis; minimum checklist; preparation of gear for bottom trawling; shooting and hauling fish gear; preparation of fish, stowage and unloading; working with machinery; electrical and welding tasks; maintenance tasks; personal protective equipment; galley tasks; signals and alarms; firefighting, abandon-ship and man-overboard manoeuvres; medical consultation by radio. (61888)

CIS 94-496 The farmers' and growers' guide to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 [New Zealand]. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1993. 47p. Illus., ISBN 0-477-03532-9 (In English)

Guidance to farmers on how to comply with the provisions of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (CIS 93-701). Contents: the need for management of safety and health on farms; requirements of the Act; safety and health checklists; investigation of accidents and near-misses; definition of serious harm; where to get more information. Inset: form for the notification of accidents or cases of serious harm. (61901)

CIS 94-497 Safety and health in the construction sector - Training: Temporary or mobile construction sites. (French: Sécurité et santé dans le secteur de la construction - Formation "chantiers temporaires ou mobiles") Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 2 vols. 64p. and 71p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 92-826-6033-8 (es), ISBN 92-826-6034-6 (da), ISBN 92-826-6035-4 (de), ISBN 92-826-6036-2 (el), ISBN 92-826-6037-0 (En), ISBN 92-826-6038-9 (fr), ISBN 92-826-6039-7 (it), ISBN 92-826-6040-0 (ne), ISBN 92-826-6041-9 (po) (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

This package consists of two booklets which provide guidance on Council Directive 92/57/EEC (CIS 93-1062) on the implementation of minimum safety and health requirements at temporary or mobile construction sites. The main guide covers: safety and health risks on construction and public works sites (characteristics of the construction sector and socio-economic issues, cost of achieving good working conditions, 'fault-tree' training module); the Directive (the functions of project preparation coordinator and project execution coordinator, exercise to test the relevance of the Directive). The full text of the Directive is included. The accompanying booklet contains four checklist guides for those with responsibilities under the Directive. (61889)

CIS 94-498 Personal protective equipment. (French: Protections individuelles) Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Mar.-Apr.-May-June 1992, No.269-270, 79p. (11p. insert). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French)

Contents of this special illustrated issue on personal protective equipment (PPE) for the construction industry: PPE in Europe; survey of different types of PPE mentioning, if applicable, the type of hazard, the characteristics of the equipment its use and maintenance, the relevant regulations, the role of OSH specialists, addresses of manufacturers, etc. Equipment covered includes: hard hats, safety glasses and goggles, hearing protectors, masks and hoods, gloves, creams and protective preparations, safety shoes and boots, working clothes and protective clothing, safety harnesses, knee pads and peripheral protectors, support belts, personal equipment for protection against falls. Bibliography on safety in the construction industry (list of manuals, safety data sheets, brochures, posters, safety guides, audiovisual tools (slide sets, video cassettes)). Insert: 2 safety data sheets, one on eye and face protective equipment and the other on the transport of motor fuel by road. Interpretation document on Law No. 91-1414 of 31 Dec. 1991 (CIS 94-000). Tables of contents in English, German, Italian and Spanish. (62020)

CIS 94-499 Safe body movement can be learned. (French: Les bons gestes ça s'apprend) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1988. 9p. Illus. (In French)

Illustrated brochure surveying the risks associated with work in the construction industry (stings, wounds, contusions, fractures, strains, low back pain, sciatic nerve disorders, epicondylitis, knee hygroma) and their prevention including by knowing the possibilities and especially the limits of the body, by looking for solutions facilitating tasks and by organizing training sessions. (62124)

CIS 94-500 Occupational health for health care workers. Hagberg M., Hofmann F., Stössel U., Westlander G., eds., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-str. 3, 86899 Landsberg, Germany, 1993. xvii, 420p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 3-609-64710-8 (In English)

This university-level textbook presents a state of the art review of occupational health problems among health care workers. Contents: general aspects; working conditions and health hazards of health care workers; infectious diseases and hygiene; epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases; chemical hazards as an occupational risk for health care workers; epidemiology and prevention of musculoskeletal accidents and diseases; dermatoses; psychological aspects of work in the health care professions. (61863)

CIS 94-501 Visual display unit work in 50 questions. (French: Le travail sur écran en 50 questions) Cail F., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1990. 27p. Illus. (In French)

Practical guide (usable for training purposes) containing 50 questions that VDU operators are most often faced with. For each problem, solutions are proposed and rated according to their ergonomic feasibility. Contents: introduction; installation; layout, information display; work organization. (62123)

CIS 94-502 COSHH - What's it all about? - A worker's overview; Understanding assessments. TVS, Franks Hall, Horton Kirby, Kent DA4 9LL, United Kingdom, 1991. 2 videotapes (22 + 22min) + training guides (12p. + 7p.). Price: GBP 400.00 per tape (for hire: GBP 85.00 (5 days), GBP 160.00 (10 days)). (In English)

Two videotapes on chemical safety in the workplace in the light of the British Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH, see CIS 89-1092). The first tape (What's it all about) covers: introducing workers to everyday chemical hazards and their control; paths of entry; labelling; safety data sheets; application of COSHH; employer's obligations. The second tape (Understanding assessments) covers: the making of a good assessor; five steps to a COSHH assessment (checklists for gathering information, evaluating health risks, deciding on further action and recording the assessment; setting a date for review). Training guides accompany both videotapes. (61884)

CIS 94-503 Liquefied petroleum gas storage and use. An open learning course. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. 144p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 14.50., ISBN 0-7176-0649-X (In English)

This training package describes the important properties of LPG as they affect safety at work and the precautions needed to ensure its safe use. Contents: properties, uses and hazards of LPG; guidelines for inspection of LPG installations; LPG at fixed installations and a metered estates; LPG cylinder storage; LPG applications; relevant Regulations. Test questions (with answers) are provided at the end of each section. (61885)

CIS 94-504 Working with dangerous products - European Year of safety and health protection at work. (French: Travailler avec des produits dangereux - Année européenne pour la sécurité, l'hygiène et la santé sur le lieu de travail) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1992. 49p. Illus., ISBN 92-826-4506-1 (es), ISBN 92-826-4507-X (da), ISBN 92-826-4508-8 (de), ISBN 92-826-4509-6 (el), ISBN 92-826-4510-X (En), ISBN 92-826-4511-8 (fr), ISBN 92-826-4512-6 (it), ISBN 92-826-4513-4 (ne), ISBN 92-826-4514-2 (po) (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

This booklet deals with the labelling of dangerous substances and preparations as defined in Directives 67/548/EEC and 88/379/EEC (CIS 92-23 and CIS 91-21 respectively). It is designed as a working aid for the organization of training and information sessions. Contents: hazards of chemical products; activities of the CEC with regard to the classification and labelling of dangerous substances and preparations; the need for labelling dangerous products; identification of dangerous products and products whose dangers may not be appreciated; means of entry of chemicals into the body; understanding the product label; legal requirements for the labelling of dangerous products at the workplace; repackaging of products; working safely with dangerous chemical products. (61886)

CIS 94-505 Safe use of solvents. (French: La sécurité dans l'emploi des solvants; German: Sicherheit beim Umgang mit Lösemitteln) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfact, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1993. 48p. Illus. 26 réf. (In French, German)

Contents of this richly illustrated training guide: definition and general characteristics of solvents; use; physical and chemical properties; fire and explosion hazards (review of basic notions such as flashpoint, auto-ignition temperature, flammability limit); health risks (acute/chronic poisoning, toxicity group (pictograms), limit values); prevention measures (substitution; technical measures: storage safety, emission control, ventilation, inerting, restricted areas; personal protective equipment: respiratory, skin, eye protection); information of employees; measurements (reactive and absorption tubes); hygiene and first aid; typical accidents. (62001)

CIS 94-506 Safe use of chemicals - A training package. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1993. 1 CD-ROM disk (MS Windows or Apple Macintosh application) + Trainer's guide (80p.) + Student handbook (Illus). (150p.). (In English)

Interactive training package to be used in the computer-assisted teaching of chemical safety to anyone coming into contact with chemicals in the workplace. It consists of eight interrelated modules: general description of chemicals; hazards of chemicals; flammable and combustible liquids; dangerously reactive liquids and solids; oxidizing liquids and solids; corrosive materials; compressed gases; toxic materials (entry into the body, toxicity, safe work practices and procedures). Students' knowledge is tested throughout by multiple-answer tests. (62114)

CIS 94-507 Adhesives. (French: Les adhésifs) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1989. 84p. Illus. (In French)

Contents of this detailed brochure on the risks associated with adhesives and their prevention: definitions; composition of adhesives; uses; classification of adhesives; risks; prevention; families of adhesives. Appendix (schedules of occupational diseases referred to in the brochure). List of addresses and telephone numbers of the French regional health and social insurance fund offices. (62122)

CIS 94-508 A guide to safety with pesticides. Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1993. 4p. Illus. (In English)

Informative booklet on the safe use of pesticides. Commonly used pesticide labels (pictograms) are explained. (61902)

CIS 94-509 Small source, large effect; Combustion; The whys and hows of fire extinguishers; Emergency evacuations. (French: Petites causes, grands effets; La combustion; L'extincteur - pourquoi? comment?; L'évacuation) CNPP, Médiathèque du risque, 5 rue Daunou, 75002 Paris, France, 1993(?). 4 videocassettes (10 + 15 + 14 + 20min). Price: FRF 2500 + 3000 + 3000 + 3500 (Taxes not included). (In French)

Four videotapes aimed at the fire safety training of personnel within enterprises. Contents: 1 - How the most common behaviour may lead to fires. 2 - Study of fire behaviour in the presence of flammable gases, liquids and solids. 3 - How different extinguishing agents work for fire categories A, B, C and D; activation and application of portable fire extinguishers, what distance they should be applied from, precautions during use. 4 - Evacuation: why people should participate in evacuation exercises; how human behaviour can interfere with evacuation during a fire alarm. (62118)

CIS 94-510 Earth it - It's worth it. Osborne A., Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Athena Publishing Co. Ltd., Mast House, Derby Road, Liverpool L20 1EA, United Kingdom, 1992. Videocassette (35min) + accompanying booklet (35p., Illus.). Price: GBP 325.00 + VAT., ISBN 1-871864-95-X (In English)

This video concentrates on the problems of static electricity (SE) in the paints and resins manufacturing industry. It deals with the practical steps needed for discharging static electricity (SE) safely or for avoiding its generation altogether. Some of the topics considered: flammability ranges; generation of static; "anti-static" doping of chemicals; earthing (grounding), bonding, inerting and dispersion; protection against the formation of SE during the unloading of tankers, the transfer of liquids by pipes, the handling of solids, and various other operations (agitation, filtration, container filling, spray filling); the use of plastics; safe behaviour by workers. The video is designed to be used with the accompanying booklet. (62101)

CIS 94-511 Machine safety: Hazard identification, methodology, terminology. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 20p. Illus. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1247-6 (In English)

This document forms the basis of a machine safety training materials series by defining terminology and identifying the hazards. Mechanical, electrical and thermal hazards are described along with hazards generated by noise vibration, radiation, materials and substances and by the neglect of ergonomic principles in machine design. Examples of mechanical hazards are provided for various machine parts. A methodology for selecting safety measures is presented and part of a European standard on the safety of machinery (EN 292-1) is included as an annex. (62061)

CIS 94-512 Machine safety: General principles of machine guarding. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 27p. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1244-1 (In English)

This training manual outlines the principles of machine guarding and presents a modified excerpt from a European standard (EN 292-2:1991) on the safety of machinery. This covers: risk reduction by design; selection of guards and safety devices and requirements for their design and construction; information for use and warning devices; additional precautions for emergency situations, machine maintainability, safe handling of machines, safe access to machinery. (62062)

CIS 94-513 Machine safety: Cranes. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 25p. Illus. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1243-3 (In English)

This training manual presents definitions of various types of lifting equipment and accessories, describes causes of accidents associated with their use and outlines safety requirements (safe design, initial testing, periodical examination, marking of safe working load, safe operation). Information on the size, strength and construction of wire ropes is provided along with guidance on the inspection of lifting accessories. The text of the Finnish standard SFS 4696 on safety requirements for cranes is included. (62063)

CIS 94-514 Machine safety: Conveyors. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 12p. Illus. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1246-8 (In English)

This training manual describes the potential hazards of conveyors and outlines general safety precautions. Specific precautions are given for belt conveyors, slat and apron conveyors, screw conveyors, bucket conveyors, roller conveyors and for platforms and walkways. An annex based on the text of two safety codes on continuous mechanical handling equipment (ISO 1819:1977 and SFS 2696:1986) covers design and construction of conveyors, installation, safe operation and maintenance. (62064)

CIS 94-515 Machine safety: Presses. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 23p. Illus. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1242-5 (In English)

This training manual briefly describes the potential hazards of mechanical and hydraulic presses and outlines safety requirements (guarding of moving parts, location and labelling of controls, safety devices for protection against hand injuries). Also covered: operator's posture, the press environment, noise control, safe maintenance operations, personal protective equipment, inspection and test of safety devices. Part of a European standard (EN 294) concerning safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs is included. (62065)

CIS 94-516 Most commonly used baking equipment - Safety requirements. (French: Les machines de boulangerie les plus utilisées - Prescriptions techniques de sécurité; German: Die gebräuchlichsten Bäckereimaschinen - Technische Sicherheitsbestimmungen; Italian: Macchine maggiormente diffuse nei panifici - Disposizioni tecniche di sicurezza) Graf G., Bucheli A., Mettler B., Mischler D., Signer C., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1992. 19p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This richly illustrated training brochure on the most common kinds of baking equipment is aimed at manufacturers and users. Summary: general requirements (safety devices, braking and lock-out devices; devices for special operations); specific requirements for individual installations and machines (mentioning for each type of machine the objectives sought by protection and relevant solutions). (62129)

CIS 94-517 Construction safety: Excavations, scaffolding, falsework/formwork, roofwork and protection against falls, mobile and tower cranes, chains, slings and lifting gear. International Labour Office (ILO), African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1993. 49p. Illus. Also available on diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 0-7974-1245-X (In English)

This training manual covers the safety requirements of construction work and equipment. Causes of accidents are identified and safety precautions outlined for excavations, scaffolding, falsework and formwork, roofwork and protection against falls, cranes, chains, slings and lifting gear. Safety checklists are included. (62066)

CIS 94-518 Who should handle garbage?. (Danish: Hvem skal ta' skraldet?) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1990. Videotape (25min). (In Danish)

The work on sorting garbage for the purpose of recycling, turning organic waste into soil etc. was originally done entirely in central locations. The first one in Denmark opened in 1986. Chronic asthma developed very quickly in some of the workers, because of exposure to endotoxins in the waste. Later on, sorting at the source e.g. in homes was introduced. The video explains reasons for the problems of sorting garbage in central locations. It shows technical and job organization improvements in modern plant. The video also outlines other OSH aspects such as ergonomics, repetitive work, and noise. (61913)

CIS 94-519 Bomb alert - Retail; Bomb alert - Offices. The Film Librarian, Association of British Insurers, 51 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1993. 2 videos (14min each). Price: GBP 20.00 per video (GBP 23.50 with VAT). (In English)

Two videos aimed at training employees of retail establishments and offices in how to react if a bomb threat is received. They also provide suggestions as to the reduction of injury and property damage in the case of an actual bomb explosion. (61882)

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CIS 94-520 Updating your health and safety policy. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, Oct. 1993, p.J:27:1-J:27:4. (In English)

Requirements for the provision and content of a company health and safety policy are presented. The policy should be expressed in three basic sections: a statement of the employer's general policy to provide and maintain a safe place of work and safe methods of operation; an explanation of the internal organization which will carry out and monitor the effectiveness of the policy; the arrangements made for enforcing the requirements of the policy at the workplace. Policies should be modified and brought up to date to keep pace with new hazards and new standards of protection and prevention. (62103)

CIS 94-521 Industrial accidents are produced by social relations of work: A sociological theory of industrial accidents. Dwyer T., Raftery A.E., Applied Ergonomics, June 1991, Vol.22, No.3, p.167-178. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Industrial accidents are produced by social relations of work, a social relation being the manner in which the relationship between people and their work is managed. This sociological explanation of accidents differs from the hypotheses on which the majority of modern safety practices are based, which reduce accident causes to unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Accidents are seen as produced at each of three levels of social relations of work (rewards, command and organisation), and also non-socially at the individual-member level. The resulting hypotheses were tested using data collected according to a semi-experimental design in seven plants in which shift (day/night), shift type (rotating/fixed), technological type and management styles were the factors controlled for. Because of the design, machines, materials and, in most cases, workers were the same across shifts and social relations varied. The sociological theory proved capable of explaining most of the variation in inter-shift differences in accident rates, and, when tested statistically, appeared to have greater explanatory power than competing hypotheses. (62147)

CIS 94-522 The Health and Safety Executive inspector. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, July 1993, p.A:36:1-A:36:4. (In English)

A profile of health and safety inspectors is presented along with a description of their powers, advisory duties and the assistance they can provide. In addition to their powers of entry and investigation, inspectors are able to serve an improvement notice if they believe a relevant statutory provision is being contravened, and a prohibition notice if they discover an activity which they believe involves a risk of injury. Examples are given to illustrate how inspectors can vary considerably in their approach to the job, both in method and character. (61982)

CIS 94-523 International Code of Ethics for Occupational Health Professionals. (Italian: Codice etico professionale per gli operatori di medicina del lavoro) International Commission on Occupational Health, Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.337-352. 15 ref. (In English, Italian)

Reproduction of the English original and Italian translation of the code of ethics for occupational health professionals (see CIS 93-114). (62165)

CIS 94-524 Special use - Expoprotection - F92. (French: Numéro spécial - Expoprotection - F92) Face au risque, July 1992, special issue, 116p. Illus. Index. (In French)

Catalogue of products and services exhibited at Expoprotection (Exhibition on protection and safety) and at F92 (Professional Show on fire safety and rescue systems) held in Le Bourget (France) from 8 to 11 Sep. 1992. Contents: electronic safety; mechanical protection (fire doors, fire-proof cabinets); extinguishing systems (extinguishers, sprinklers); protection of workers (personal protective equipment; boots, gloves, hazard identification); services (monitoring, audits, training); institutions. List of exhibitors. (62130)

CIS 94-525 Fatal accidents at work. Fatal accidents in the Nordic countries over a ten-year period. The Danish Working Environment Service, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 27p., ISBN 87-7534-445-9 (In English)

This publication presents a statistical analysis of fatal accidents at work in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden for the period 1980 to 1989. Main conclusions: the average frequency of fatal accidents during this period was 3.4 per 100,000 persons employed; agriculture, forestry, building and construction, raw materials industry and transport are the industries recording the highest risk of fatal accidents; six working situations account for 75% of all fatal accidents (traffic accidents, work with transport and lifting equipment; work at machines; work with mobile transport equipment; work on temporary and permanent structures on construction sites; forest work with manual motor equipment). Summaries and conclusions showing the differences and similarities of fatal accidents in the different countries are presented. (61829)

CIS 94-526 1992 Annual report of the AUVA. (German: Jahresbericht 1992 - Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 108p. Illus. (In German)

This report contains statistics of AUVA-insured persons and compensation cases for 1992. Data are collected on the number of occupational accidents and diseases from 1980 to 1992, the number of fatal accidents and frequency rates, with an additional break-down by occupation. Preventive action by the AUVA is described with regard to safety campaigns, advice to enterprises, research, standardization, and information. Statistical data are given for the costs related to hospital treatment and rehabilitation as well as for disability pensions. The organization's structure, its funding and staffing are also described. (61868)

CIS 94-527 Estimates of national occupational health and safety statistics 1991-92. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Oct. 1993. xiv, 80p. Illus., ISBN 0-644-32200-4 (In English)

This publication presents the first summary data on occupational injuries and diseases in Australia based on the National Data Set for Compensation-based Statistics (NDS; see CIS 88-1860). Details are given of: new workers' compensation cases reported 1991-1992 (fatalities, general summary of injuries and diseases, details by industry and by occupation, duration of absence, average time lost per occurrence); costs of workers' compensation; best estimates of national totals 1987-88 to 1990-91. Tables show numbers by age, occurrence result and duration of absence for various industries and occupations. (61877)

CIS 94-528 Economic losses due to occupational and commuting accidents. (German: Volkswirtschaftliche Ressourcenverluste durch Arbeits- und Wegunfälle) Baum H., Niehus K., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 354p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 51.00., ISBN 3-89429-280-6 (In German)

In the Federal Republic of Germany (no data for the former GDR) more than 1.7 million occupational and commuting accidents occurred in 1989. The concepts of occupational and commuting accidents are defined in a literature survey. The number and seriousness of accidents are analyzed by age of victim, type of contracts (trainees, full/part time) and industry. The total economic losses including the compensation costs amounted to over DEM 43,000 million. A method is described for the prediction of the number and costs of occupational and commuting accidents in future years. The method was used to develop a computer program. Summaries in English, French and German. (62024)

CIS 94-529 Report for 1992. (French: Compte rendu de l'exercice 1992) Association d'assurance contre les accidents, Section industrielle, Boîte postale 1804, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 44p. Illus. (In French)

In addition to information on administrative matters (organization and operation of the insurance scheme) and an overview of relevant legislation and regulations, the report contains a statistical section (tables and diagrams with commentaries) on occupational and commuting accidents and occupational diseases: trends in the total number of cases, fatal accidents and number of accidents per 100 worker units, notified since 1983; classification of accidents recognized in 1992 by branch of industry, material causal factor, site and type of injury, victim's age and nationality, month, day of the week and hour of the day; causes of the 19 fatal accidents recognized in 1992; breakdown of occupational diseases reported in 1992. In 1992, there were 22,518 occupational accidents (an increase of 2,5% compared to 1991), 18,977 of which were true occupational accidents, 3,381 commuting accidents and 160 cases of occupational disease; there were 13.09 accidents per 100 worker units. (62125)

CIS 94-530 Six cultures of regulation. Olsen O.B., Handelshojskolens Forlag, Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 49 Købmagergade, 1150 København K, Denmark, 1992. 98p. 50 ref. Index. Price: USD 20.00., ISBN 87-17-03622-4 (In English)

This report investigates styles of labour inspectors in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Italy and their effect on the process of compliance by the companies. Variations between the philosophies of labour inspectorates are highlighted in order to observe variations between work environment regulations in different cultural environments. Significant differences between the Italian, British and Nordic traditions are found. Formal and informal aspects of confrontation techniques are analyzed. The conclusions argue for a revision of the European Community's perspective about the relationship between labour inspectorates and companies. (61841)

CIS 94-531 The law on occupational safety and health for everyone. (Hungarian: Mindenkinek a munkavédelmi törvényről) Békési L., Nemeskey K., Veszprémi Z., NOVORG International Kft., Pf. 52, 1553 Budapest, Hungary, 1993. 242p. Index. Price: HUF 2056.00 (incl. VAT)., ISBN 963-485-076-6 (In Hungarian)

This manual explains in detail the provisions of the 1993 Hungarian Act No.53 concerning occupational safety and health (see CIS 94-1). The main headings are: general provisions; OSH responsibilities of the state and the government organizations charged with the implementation of the law; requirements for work that does not endanger health or safety; responsibilities of the employer and the worker in order to fulfill these requirements; notification, investigation and recording of occupational accidents and diseases; OSH delegates and committees; labour inspection; final provisions. In annex: list of OSH laws and regulations in effect in Hungary; full text of ILO Conventions 127, 148 and 155; relevant text of regulations concerning the medical examinations of physical aptitude, the notification and investigation of occupational diseases, and the schedule of occupational diseases; addresses and telephone numbers of national and county branches of the Labour Inspectorate, the Public Health Authority and the Hungarian Mining Office. (62033)

CIS 94-532 A better working environment in the Nordic countries. Joint programme for the period 1990-1993. (Swedish: En bättre arbetsmiljö i Norden. Samarbetsprogram för perioden 1990-1993) Nordic Council of Ministers, Svensk norsk bogimport a/s, Postbox 9059, Store Kongensgade 59 B, 1022 København K, Denmark; or: Allmänna Forlaget AB, Kundtjänst, 106 47 Stockholm, Sweden, 1990. 48p., ISBN 87-7303-449-5 (DK), ISBN 91-7996-236-X (S) (In Swedish)

Based on the principles of the Nordic Convention on working environment (CIS 91-8, effective: 24 March 1990), the Nordic Council of Ministers specifies the activities to be launched for this programme of collaboration for a better working environment in the Nordic countries: collaboration between the Nordic inspectorates in developing uniform methods of inspection; harmonization of regulations; research on the economic aspects of improvements of working environment; expansion of plant safety services and correlation of activities; uniform methods of recording on occupational accidents and diseases; strengthening of the Nordic influence in European standardization work; coordination of research projects; coordination of training activities; close collaboration between the Nordic Council of Ministers and the labour market partners. (62121)

CIS 94-533 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): United Kingdom. Terry M., Dickens L., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdom; Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1991. xxiii, 261p. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-421-44850-4 (En), ISBN 92-826-2600-8 (En-Eu) (In English)

This dictionary provides detailed definitions and explanations of approx. 800 terms used in the labour relations field in the United Kingdom, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in the United Kingdom is also supplied. In annex: some statistical data related to employment in the UK (distribution by sector and age, unemployment, strikes, union membership, wages, productivity). List of abbreviations. (61842)

CIS 94-534 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): France. Lyon-Caen A., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, ed., Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdom; Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. xix, 272p. Bibl.ref. Indexes., ISBN 0-421-44870-9 (En), ISBN 92-826-2604-0 (En-Eu) (In English)

This dictionary provides detailed definitions and explanations (in English) of 820 French-language terms used in the labour relations field in France, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in France is also supplied. In annex: some statistical data related to employment in France (unemployment, distribution by sex and age, labour turnover, enterprises, union membership, strikes). List of abbreviations. (61843)

CIS 94-535 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): Spain. Martín Valverde A., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdom; Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1991. xlvii, 247p. Bibl.ref. Indexes., ISBN 0-421-44840-7 (En), ISBN 92-826-2602-4 (En-Eu) (In English)

This dictionary provides detailed definitions and explanations (in English) of Spanish-language terms used in the labour relations field in Spain, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in Spain is also supplied. In annex: some statistical data related to employment in Spain (distribution by sector and age, unemployment, strikes, union membership, wages). List of abbreviations. (61844)

CIS 94-536 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): Belgium. Blanpain R., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdom; Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1992. xlix, 238p. Bibl.ref. Indexes., ISBN 0-421-44860-1 (En), ISBN 92-826-2603-2 (En-Eu) (In English)

This dictionary provides detailed definitions and explanations (in English) of 466 terms (in Dutch and French) used in the labour relations field in Belgium, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in Belgium is also supplied. In annex: some statistical data related to employment in Belgium (distribution by sector and age, unemployment, strikes, union membership, social security). List of abbreviations. (61845)

CIS 94-537 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): Germany. (German: Handlexikon Arbeitsbeziehungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Arbeitsrecht, Sozialrecht, Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt) Weiss M., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdon, 1992 (Eng. ed.); Walhalla Fachverlag, Postfach, 93042 Regensburg, Germany, 1993; both also available from: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; lii, 396p. (En.); viii, 356p. (Ge). Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price: ECU 23.50. (Ge.ed.)., ISBN 0-421-44830-X (En), ISBN 3-8029-7430-1 (De), ISBN 92-826-2605-9 (En-Eu), ISBN 92-826-5683-7 (De-Eu) (In English, German)

The two versions of this dictionary provide detailed definitions and explanations (in English and German, respectively) of approx. 800 German-language terms used in the labour relations field in Germany, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in Germany is also supplied. In annex (English ed. only): some statistical data related to employment in Germany (distribution by sector and age, unemployment, strikes, union membership, wages, productivity, working hours and holidays). List of abbreviations. (61846)

CIS 94-538 European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary (EEIRG): Italy. (Italian: Glossario italiano del lavoro e delle relazioni industriali) Treu T., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Sweet and Maxwell, Marketing Dept., Freepost, London E14 9BR, United Kingdom, 1991 (Eng. ed.); FrancoAngeli, Viale Monza 106, 20127 Milano, Italy, 1992; both also available from: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; xlviii, 251p. (En); xxxvii, 249p. (It). Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price: ECU 23.50 (It. ed.)., ISBN 0-421-44820-2 (En), ISBN 88-204-7567-7 (It), ISBN 92-826-2601-6 (En-Eu), ISBN 92-826-3815-4 (It-Eu) (In English, Italian)

The two versions of this dictionary provide detailed definitions and explanations (in English and Italian, respectively) of approx. 725 Italian-language terms used in the labour relations field in Italy, including terms related to occupational safety and health. A detailed survey of the economic, legal and historical aspects of labour relations in Italy is also supplied. In annex: some statistical data related to employment in Italy (distribution by sector and age, unemployment, strikes, union membership, wages, productivity). List of abbreviations. (61847)

CIS 94-539 Standards: A resource and guide for identification, selection, and acquisition. Ricci P.L., Pat Ricci Enterprises, 8590 Pinehurst Alcove, Woodbury, MN 55125-9177, USA, 2nd edition, 1992. iv, 336p. Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price (to be prepaid): USD 60.00 + airmail postage (USD 10.00 for Latin America, USD 15.00 for Europe, USD 20.00 for Africa, Asia and Australia). (In English)

A worldwide directory of standards-making and standards-collecting institutions. Among others, organizations are listed dealing with standards in: acoustics (12), agricultural equipment (4), air pollution (2), architecture (10), asbestos (9), boilers (14), building codes (10), cables (13), cancer (1), chains (7), chemicals (21), compressed air and gas (3), construction (59), cranes (10), demolition (5), electricity (29), emergency (11), environment (23), ergonomics (3), explosives (3), eye glasses or protection (4), fibres (3), fires (13), flammable materials (7), hazards (17), industrial equipment (11), industrial hygiene (2), labelling and packaging (21), laboratories (16), lighting (5), measurement and metrology (13), noise (18), toxic substances (6), vibration (14), and X-rays (4). Within the book, separate chapters list standards organizations in individual countries, at the international level, and those operated by the US government. In addition, there are listings of libraries and information centres handling standards, union lists of standards, vendors of standards, standards consultants, and conferences and courses related to standards. A classified bibliography and several indices complete the manual. An acronym index, issued separately, accompanies the book. (61869)

CIS 94-540 Proceedings of the 11th National Congress of the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists. (Italian: Atti - 11° Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali) De Rosa E., Bartolucci G.B., Cocheo V., eds., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1992. 303p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 88-7963-001-6 (In Italian)

Proceedings of the 11th National Congress of the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists, held in Padova, 18-20 June 1992. More than 40 papers and a large number of posters were presented under the following headings: environmental and biological surveillance in the working environment; physical agents; improvement of the environment; water quality; waste handling and treatment; the external environment; methodology for working environment control; miscellaneous. (62016)

CIS 94-541 The Health and Safety Executive and you. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 12p. Illus. (In English)

This booklet briefly describes the activities of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the services available to members of the public and employees. Details of how to contact the HSE are provided along with contact addresses and phone numbers. (62067)

CIS 94-542 The Health and Safety Executive working with employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 16p. Illus. (In English)

This booklet briefly describes the activities of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the services available to employers and the self-employed. Employers' responsibilities are outlined along with relevant legislation, the role of workplace inspection and the powers of inspectors. Details of how to contact the HSE are provided along with a list of contact addresses and phone numbers. (62068)

CIS 94-543 Protecting the Community. A worker's guide to health and safety in Europe. Allen M., Mather C., London Hazards Centre, Headland House, 308 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8DS, United Kingdom, May 1992. vi, 258p. Illus. 38 ref. Index. Price: GBP 9.95., ISBN 0-948974-08-7 (In English)

This book discusses the effect of European legislation on the laws and practice of health and safety in the UK and throughout the European Community. Contents: the European Community and the Social Charter; Community institutions and procedures; health and safety decision-making in the UK; comparative health and safety provisions in the European Community; rights and responsibilities under the Council Directive on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work ('Framework Directive'); other EC directives on health and safety; ideas and initiatives for action in Europe; contacts and resources. (62132)

CIS 94-544 ILOLEX CD-ROM. (French: CD-ROM ILOLEX) International Labour Organization (ILO), Kluwer Academic Publisher Group, Order Dept., P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Netherlands and P.O. Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham MA 02018-0358, USA. Full-text indexed database, available on CD-ROM (minimum system requirements: IBM-compatible microcomputer - 640K RAM, MS-DOS 3.1 or higher). Price: USD 850.00, GBP 510.00, NLG 1500.00 (slightly lower prices for "ILO-constituency" buyers). The database is also available on-line on the ILO's ILIS system., ISBN 0-7923-1884-6 (In English, French, Spanish)

Full-text database containing all ILO Conventions and Recommendations, including those dealing with occupational safety and health. Other texts, such as expert comments on the application of conventions and recommendations and ratification lists are also included. (62170)

CIS 94-545 Safety Databank - The working environment, the social and health fields [Finland]. (Finnish: Turva - Työelämän, sosiaali- ja terveysalojen tietopankki) Painatuskeskus, PL 516 Vastauslähetys, Sopimus 00430/8, 00003 Helsinki, Finland, 1993. 1 CD-ROM disk (search software on the CD-ROM). Price: FIM 2,150.00 (network version: FIM 5,450.00). (In Finnish)

Databases from eleven Finnish organizations dealing with occupational, social and health issues. Databases from the following producers are relevant to OSH professionals: Painatuskeskus Oy (full-text versions of Finnish legislation concerning labour, social and health issues, including occupational safety and health); Säteilyturvakeskus (Library catalogue of the Radiation Protection Centre, with 8500 records; 1982); Teknillinen tarkastuskeskus (two databases, TASSU and VARO, with factual information on various workplace hazards, e.g. pressure vessels, dangerous chemicals and processes, mining equipment; also accident descriptions); Työterveyslaitos (three databases, LEO, TYKI, and TAVI, the first two containing Finnish and international bibliographic information on OSH-related matters, 26,000 and 20,000 records, respectively; TAVI contains information on OSH-related research projects in Finland, 370 records). (61875)

CIS 94-546 NIOSHTIC®. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1971-. Available on-line (hosts: Dialog, ESA, National Library of Medicine (part of TOXLINE), ORBIT), and on CD-ROM (CCOHS's CCINFO Disc "C1", SilverPlatter's OSH-ROM^TM, Worksafe Australia's Worksafe-Disc^TM). (In English)

Bibliographic database consisting of > 200,000 records, each with abstract and indexing. In additional to core occupational safety and health coverage, the database covers many other fields relevant to the protection of workers: behavioural sciences; biochemistry and physiology; toxicology; pathology; chemistry; control technology; education and training; epidemiology; ergonomics; health physics; biological hazards; hazardous waste. Emphasis in coverage is on 160 current English-language technical journals, NIOSH publications, conference and symposium proceedings and US government reports. Retrospective information, some from the 19th century, is also acquired and entered. Updating is approx. 6000 records/year. (62167)

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CIS 94-547 The relationship between work and eyesight in preventive medicine: Initial guidelines for a correct ergo-ophthalmologic approach proposed by the Italian Working Group for the Study of Work/Eyesight Relationships - Part 1: Presentation; Part 2: Methods. (Italian: Il rapporto tra lavoro e visione sotto il profilo medico preventivo: Primi orientamenti per un corretto approccio ergoftalmologico secondo il Gruppo italiano per lo studio dei rapporti tra lavoro e visione (GILV) - Parte prima: presentazione; Parte seconda: metodo) Gruppo italiano per lo studio dei rapporti tra lavoro e visione, Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.311-331. 146 ref. (In Italian)

This document, in two parts, was developed in view of the numerous and complex problems posed by modern technology with respect to the eyesight of workers. Part 1: past hypotheses about the possibility of serious eye damage in non-industrial workers; recent investigations of the short and long-term effects of office work (prolonged visual effort "at near point", the high prevalence of asthenopia). Three main guidelines are identified for correct ophthalmological assessment. In Part 2 emphasis is given to fact-finding inspections and the making of subjective assessments by occupational health physicians. An analytical list is provided of the parameters that the ophthalmologist should measure during eye examinations as well as the appropriate assessments that the occupational health physician should perform if an ophthalmological specialist is not available. (62164)

CIS 94-548 Evaluation of carcinogenic risk in friction product workers. Kogan P.M., Yatsenko A.S., Tregubov E.S., Gurvich E.B., Kuzina L.E., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.290-296. 13 ref. (In English)

Mortality rates of two cohorts of asbestos friction product (FP) workers were studied in comparison with non-exposed controls living in the same area of the Russian Federation over periods of 20 and 40 years, respectively. The second cohort was subdivided into three subcohorts exposed to chrysotile asbestos (CA), vulcanization and/or polymerization vapours and gases (VPVG) and asbestos bakelite (AB) or asbestos rubber (AR) dusts. In the first cohort no deaths from lung cancer were recorded, even though the total tumour mortality was higher than in the general population. In the second cohort an excess tumour mortality was observed in the first subcohort for stomach cancer only. In the other two subcohorts there was no excess cancer mortality for any sites. In associated animal experiments, malignant tumours developed in 31.5% of rats receiving CA, and in about 10% of rats injected with AB and AR dusts. These results suggest that the carcinogenic risk is real in FP workers with significant CA exposure only. (62161)

CIS 94-549 Sample selection using a study of inter-observer agreement: Application to coalworkers suspected of pneumoconiosis. (French: Constitution d'un échantillon de sujets à l'aide d'une étude de concordance inter-observateurs - Application à des mineurs suspects de pneumoconioses) Caillier J., Bruant A., Mahieu B., Paris J.M., Zitter M., Cervantes P., Bertrand J.P., Pham Q.T., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.541-547. 24 ref. (In French)

A study of inter-observer agreement was conducted in order to obtain a sample of 80 coalminers in whom chest radiographs showed signs of pneumoconiosis. A total of 264 chest radiographs of coalworkers, classified as ILO category 1/1 or less for small combined opacities was submitted to interpretation by four independent readers. The Kappa coefficient among the readers was 0.35±0.02. Three readers classified 198 slides in the same category, which was called the majority opinion. Slides included in the sample were those classified as suspect by at least three readers and by readers that were the most in agreement on the suspect category with the majority opinion. (61836)

CIS 94-550 New perspectives in biomonitoring liver function by means of serum bile acids: Experimental and hypothetical biochemical basis. Franco G., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.557-561. 22 ref. (In English)

Discussion of the determination of serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations as a means of biomonitoring early changes in liver function. Epidemiological studies, in which SBA concentration was used to monitor workers exposed to a full range of solvents or solvent mixtures, and which produced inconsistent results, are reviewed. Only a few studies (most consistently in workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons) show evidence of significant exposure-related increases in SBA concentration. In some studies, other indicators of hepatic dysfunction occurred without a corresponding rise in SBA concentration. Animal studies have shown dose-dependent increases in SBA concentrations. In vitro studies suggest that solvents disrupt the hepatocyte uptake of taurocholic acid and alter the calcium pump of the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a modified biliary flux and an increase in SBA concentration. The author concludes that changes in SBA concentration appear to be a nonspecific response. The lack of a clear dose response seen in many epidemiological studies must be clarified before SBA concentration can be used as a biomarker. (61857)

CIS 94-551 Mixed solvent exposure and hearing impairment: An epidemiological male study of 3284 men. The Copenhagen male study. Jacobsen P., Hein H.O., Suadicani P., Parving A., Gyntelberg F., Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.43, No.4, p.180-184. 21 ref. (In English)

This study investigated the relationship between self-assessed hearing problems and occupational exposure to solvents in 3284 men aged 53-74 years. Exposure to solvents for five years or more resulted in an adjusted relative risk (RR) for hearing impairment of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9) in men without occupational exposure to noise. The prevalence of hearing impairment in men not exposed to organic solvents was 24 per cent and the attributable risk from solvent exposure was 9.6 per cent. Exposure for less than five years had no effect on hearing capacity. Occupational exposure to noise for five years or more had an effect twice that of solvents. RR: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.7-2.1). In men exposed to both solvents and noise the effect of the latter dominated and no additional effect from solvents was found. Damaging effect on hearing ability from long-term solvent exposure was found in the present study. The relative effect was moderate but with a high background frequency of hearing problems in the unexposed sample the absolute effect, i.e. attributable risk, was considerable and of both clinical and preventive importance. (61900)

CIS 94-552 Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs in upholstery workers. (French: Problèmes musculo-tendineux associés à la fabrication de sièges de voiture) Abdel Moneim I., Malchaire J., Goret A., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.6, p.471-476. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

An epidemiological study with a clinical examination of the upper limbs was conducted on all workers (96 persons) working at the four most stressful workplaces of an upholstery department in a car assembly plant. The results were compared with those of 56 controls. An ergonomic study was also conducted. It included the analysis of wrist postures, the simultaneous recording of the type of hand grip and the subjective evaluation by the worker of the force exerted. Based on these data, a profile of the risk factors was determined for each work station. The odds ratio for wrist and arm disorders were respectively 7.3 and 13.1 for the upholstery workers by comparison with the controls. Working successively on each of the four work stations appeared to lead to a reduction of the risk of wrist disorders (O.R.=0.17). (61905)

CIS 94-553 Epidemiologists in industry - Past achievements, unexplored opportunities, and future needs. Pell S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.485-492. 16 ref. (In English)

Epidemiologists in industry have achieved much in recent years. In addition to conducting important research into known or suspected hazards in the workplace, they have taken the lead in developing a code of ethics for epidemiologists in industry, established guidelines for good epidemiology practices, and have been actively involved in the development of government regulations and the setting of standards. Further activities (e.g. conducting environmental health studies, and long-term evaluations of health promotion programmes, research into major chronic diseases) may be undertaken if certain obstacles are tackled first: inputting comprehensive morbidity information into data bases; privacy protection laws and regulations; difficulties in publishing and disseminating the results of negative studies. To overcome these obstacles epidemiologists will need more support from government regulators to ease restrictions on data acquisition, and from company management to provide more resources. (61924)

CIS 94-554 Occupational diseases in Poland during the years 1984-1992. Starzyński Z., Iżycki J., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.3, p.299-308. 10 ref. (In English)

An analysis of 86.871 cases of occupational disease in Poland occurring between 1984 and 1992 is presented. Hearing lesions, vocal organ diseases, contagious and invasive diseases, pneumoconioses, dermatoses, vibration syndrome, poisonings and chronic bronchitis were the most common. Among the aetiological factors, noise, industrial dusts, hepatitis virus, chromium and its compounds, lead and its inorganic compounds, carbon disulfide and carbon monoxide were the most important. In addition to statistics concerning the number of occupational disease broken down by sex, age, exposure duration, economic sector and region (voivodeships), statistics are also given on workmen's compensation. (61934)

CIS 94-555 Association of parents' occupational exposure with cancer in children. A case-control study of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. (Japanese: Shōni akusei shuyō to ryōshin no jūji suru sangyō oyobi shokugyō no kanren. Kyūsei rinpagakyūsei hakketsubyō no shōrei taishō kenkyū) Kishi R., Katakura Y., Yuasa J., Miyake H., Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Nov. 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.515-529. 43 ref. (In Japanese)

Cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children less than 15 years of age identified between 1980 and 1990 in four hospitals in northern Japan (147 cases) were matched by age and sex with other hospital patients and by place of residence and sex with children in the general population. Data on occupation and exposure to various agents were obtained from mothers by interview and from fathers by mail questionnaire. More fathers of the cases were engaged in agriculture, medicine or science than were fathers of controls; more mothers were engaged in agriculture. In comparison with hospital controls, paternal preconceptual exposure to chemicals and prenatal exposure to pesticides and maternal prenatal exposure to benzine and spray pesticides were important risk factors. In comparison with population controls, maternal prenatal exposure to benzine and exposure to spray paints before the appearance of leukaemia were highly significant risks. (62083)

CIS 94-556 Current perception threshold screening for carpal tunnel syndrome. Katims J.J., Patil A.S., Rendell M., Rouvelas P., Sadler B., Weseley S.A., Bleecker M.L., Archives of Environmental Health, July/Aug. 1991, Vol.46, No.4, p.207-212. 26 ref. (In English)

Screening for the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which is associated with excess ergonomic stresses of the wrist and hand, is a major concern in occupational medicine. CTS questionnaires, physical examinations, and quantitative sensory function determination through neuroselective current perception threshold (CPT) measurements were obtained from the median digital nerves of 16 assembly line workers who were symptomatic with hand pain. Median nerve evaluations by CPT detected sensory abnormalities in 75% of the workers, and abnormalities in 50% of the workers were detected by clinical evaluations. CPT abnormalities were characterized as "hypoesthesic" in 25% and "hyperesthesic" in 42% of the workers. The noninvasive, nonaversive CPT technique provided sensitive and easily obtained quantitative measures. Regular use of this procedure in occupational setting may assist in preventing the development of advanced CTS for it provides early detection of median nerve abnormalities. (62085)

CIS 94-557 Computer tomography of asbestos-related chest diseases. (French: Tomodensitométrie des pathologies thoraciques de l'amiante) Genevois P.A., Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1992, Vol.29, No.2, p.75-80. Illus. 26 ref. (In French)

Computer tomography (CT) has been part of the radiological assessment of asbestos-related diseases for a number of years. This paper (which was presented at the 20 Nov. 1991 meeting of the Commission de Médecine du Travail de la Sidérurgie belge includes a brief overview of the different types of asbestos-induced diseases, comments on the use of CT in their assessment, describes a CT exploration method and provides details on CT semiology. (62127)

CIS 94-558 Proportion of lung and bladder cancers in males resulting from occupation: A systematic approach. Vineis P., Simonato L., Archives of Environmental Health, Jan.-Feb. 1991, Vol.46, No.1, p.6-15. 68 ref. (In English)

Studies conducted in several countries that investigated the relationship of occupation and cancer in men were reviewed and compared. Estimates of the proportion of cancers due to occupational exposure that occurred in the general population were analyzed, and sources of variation were explored. A systematic and standardized evaluation of studies on lung and bladder cancer were undertaken, and only investigations that allowed for confounding from tobacco smoking were included. The proportion of lung cancers attributable to occupation ranged between 1 and 5% (when considering only exposure to asbestos) and 40% (in a study with a high proportion of subjects exposed to ionizing radiation); for bladder cancer, estimates were between 0 and 3% in a few studies and between 16 and 24% in several investigations. No similar attempt at systematic comparison was possible for other cancers. (62156)

CIS 94-559 Radiological abnormalities among sheet-metal workers in the construction industry in the United States and Canada: Relationship to asbestos exposure. Selikoff I.J., Lilis R., Archives of Environmental Health, Jan.-Feb. 1991, Vol.46, No.1, p.30-36. 19 ref. (In English)

Possible adverse health effects on sheet-metal workers who had past exposure to asbestos were investigated. A cross-sectional medical examination of 1,330 workers was conducted during 1986-87 in 7 cities in the US and Canada. A total of 1,016 workers had been employed for at least 35y in the industry, and the mean duration from onset of asbestos exposure was 39.5y (SD = 7.41y). Chest X-ray abnormalities were found in more than half of the group. Pleural fibrosis, the most frequently found abnormality, was present in 47.0% and was the only abnormality found in 27.8% of cases; parenchymal interstitial fibrosis, found in 33.1%, was the only abnormality found in 16.2% of cases. Radiologic abnormalities increased as duration of exposure increased. Few persons had marked shortness of breath, and approximately one-third had slight dyspnoea. In the past, construction sheet-metal workers have apparently been significantly exposed to asbestos on the job. Every effort should be made to minimize the anticipated serious health consequences, and further asbestos exposure for those who continue in this trade should be avoided. (62157)

CIS 94-560 Asbestosis mortality in Italy. Merler E., Capocaccia R., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.286-289. 17 ref. (In English)

A total of 204 deaths due to asbestosis occurred in Italy during the period 1970-1989, including 24 women; asbestosis death rates (per million) were 0.31±0.05 among males and 0.4±0.02 among females. The rates increased a little when comparing 1980-89 with 1970-79. Deaths were concentrated in a limited number of geographical areas where an extensive industrial use of asbestos is known to have occurred and where there were also high rates of mortality due to primary pleural tumours. (62160)

CIS 94-561 Healthy lower backs in the construction industry in Sweden. Holmström E.B., Lindell J., Moritz U., Work and Stress, July-Sep. 1993, Vol.7, No.3, p.259-271. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between healthy lower backs (HLBs) and psychosocial and physical factors in a random sample of 1773 male construction workers. Information on lower back status, lifestyle habits, stress, psychosomatic and psychological symptoms, psychosocial demands and resources and physical workload were collected by means of a postal questionnaire. A total of 216 workers (12%) reported HLB. The prevalence rate decreased significantly with increasing age. The prevalence rate of HLB was 6% among workers reporting high stress levels. Psychological factors contribute significantly to the prevalence of HLB as well. (61936)

CIS 94-562 Surveillance of occupational hazards and computerized job histories. (French: Surveillance des risques professionnels et reconstitutions de carrière informatisées) Martin J.M., Frache A., Delfino S., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.6, p.463-470. 6 ref. Annexes. (In French)

A microcomputer-based database was used to establish job histories for 20,000 French workers of an enterprise in the primary sector. Forty physical and chemical hazards were identified and assigned to 1,460 different job types. Thanks to the database, a correlation was established between personal health records and exposure histories tied to job type, while strict confidentiality was maintained. (61904)

CIS 94-563 "Karōshi" and its cause-effect relationships. (Japanese: Karōshi no inga kankei) Hamajima N., Japanese Journal of Public Health, 15 Aug. 1992, Vol.39, No.8, p.445-448. 8 ref. (In Japanese)

This paper proposes a criterion for physicians in stating the probable cause-effect relationship of "karōshi", i.e., sudden death from cerebrovascular or ischaemic heart disease under conditions of severe physical or mental stress. It also explains legal procedures such as workmen's compensation hearings or civil trials in Japan. The "attributable risk percent (AR%)" which shows the contribution of the deceased worker's occupational load to "karōshi", is a well-known epidemiological measure. There are a variety of standards for measuring occupational load: the deceased worker's average occupational load, an ordinary worker's average occupational load, the deceased worker's load in non-occupational life, and that during complete rest. An ordinary worker's average occupational load should be employed as the criteria used for judging the amount of workmen's compensation. The adoption of AR% could be helpful for courts in making a consistent judgment whether a worker's death should be compensated as "karōshi" or not. (61937)

CIS 94-564 Occupational health policies. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, Nov. 1993, p.G:32:1-G:32:4. (In English)

The need for an adequate occupational health policy is discussed. Management policy should reflect a total awareness of health risks within the undertaking and appreciate the fact that substances in use at the workplace can be just as harmful as machinery, fire risk or other dangers. All appropriate steps should be taken to identify health hazards, prioritise control measures and set standards of prevention according to officially prescribed limits. Such safeguards should be explicit and included within the written safety policy. Guidance is given on reviewing occupational health protection and a checklist is provided for the monitoring of health risks. (61984)

CIS 94-565 Use of employer illness reports for occupational disease surveillance among public employees in New Jersey. Roche L.M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.581-586. 13 ref. (In English)

The New Jersey Department of Health Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Program reviewed public employers' occupational injuries and illness reports for 1988-90 to determine their usefulness for occupational disease surveillance. Skin diseases and respiratory conditions due to toxic agents were the two most common categories of illness. The most common illnesses on the reports for 1990 and 1991 were insect bites, conditions provoked by poisonous or allergenic plants, skin problems, smoke inhalation, communicable diseases, stress reactions, and toxic substance inhalation. Analyses of the age, sex, and occupation of the employees and on the cause of the illnesses are also presented. From the analysis of First Reports for June 1990 and January 1991, the First Reports were determined to be very useful for occupational disease surveillance because of their timeliness and detail on the employer, employee, and illness. (62046)

CIS 94-566 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's 1990-1991 Survey of Occupational Medical Surveillance. I - Prevalence and type of current practices; II - The purposes of ... surveillance in US industry ...; III - Effects of ... programs as perceived by respondents to the Survey. Conway H., Simmons J., Talbert T., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.659-700. (In English)

Three-part series reporting on the results of a survey of current medical surveillance practices in the US, conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1990-1991. The study involved a detailed telephone survey of 7177 establishments of all sizes and in various industries (Phase I), as well as a follow-up survey of 238 establishments with medical surveillance programmes (Phase II) and 25 site visits to locations with such programmes (Phase III). These articles, richly illustrated with statistics, discuss various aspects of these practices: their prevalence (most common among larger establishments), purpose (health protection, establishment of physical aptitude for the job) and effects (improvements in employee relations, and reductions in injury rates and insurance costs). Further commentary on the survey is provided in an article on pp.698-700 by Hathaway J.A., entitled Medical surveillance: Extent and effectiveness? (62075)

CIS 94-567 Work-site physical fitness programs - Comparing the impact of different program designs on cardiovascular risks. Heirich M.A., Foote A., Erfurt J.C., Konopka B., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.510-517. 14 ref. (In English)

The relative impact of three different approaches to physical fitness at the worksite on cardiovascular risk reduction is examined. The three approaches tested were: (1) a staffed physical fitness facility; (2) one-to-one counselling with at-risk employees; and (3) a combination of one-to-one counselling with employees plus encouragement of peer support and exercise at work. A fourth site was used as a control site. The programme involving a physical fitness facility had little measurable impact on cardiovascular risks. Both the other programmes were more effective, with the combination of counselling and plant organization providing the best health outcomes in terms of frequency of exercise, adequacy of blood pressure control (among hypertensives), weight loss (among the overweight), and smoking cessation. These results indicate that systematic, ongoing outreach to enlist employees in various types of exercise programmes is more effective than the presence of fitness facilities without such outreach. (61927)

CIS 94-568 MATEX: A job-exposure matrix for the epidemiological surveillance of workers in a large company (EDF-GDF). (French: MATEX: une matrice emplois-expositions destinée à la surveillance épidémiologique des travailleurs d'une grande entreprise (EDF-GDF)) Imbernon E., Goldberg M., Guenel P., Bitouze F., Brement F., Casal A., Creux S., Folliot D., Huez D., Lagorio S., Lalande B., Langlois L., Niedbala J.M., Soncarrieu A., Warret G., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.559-566. 13 ref. (In French)

Large-scale epidemiological surveys cannot be carried out successfully through traditional survey methods. Despite their limitations, job-exposure matrices are among the reliable standardized tools which can best contribute to carrying out such surveys. The MATEX project, a job-exposure matrix specifically developed for the power and gas industry in France, includes assessments for about 30 possible carcinogens used in the French national power and gas company using the 1, 2A and 2B categories of IARC. For each of these substances, data are collected on tasks involving some form of exposure; these data are then used to derive indices of the probability and intensity of exposure which can be included in epidemiological surveys. (61838)

CIS 94-569 Work history: A surveillance method of occupational risks in workers. (French: Histoire professionnelle: une méthode de surveillance des risques professionnels chez les salariés) Martin J.M., Robaux P., Mouaddib A., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.549-557. Illus. 15 ref. (In French)

This article analyzes the Curriculum Laboris or career reconstruction as a means of studying the occupational risks of employees. A type of computerized Curriculum Laboris which makes the established record easier to use is proposed. Some advantages to be expected from the proposed methods are outlined. The usefulness of the proposed Curriculum Laboris is limited by the lack of standards for guiding data collection by physicians. Finally, the Curriculum Laboris is considered as an element of a larger information system. (61837)

CIS 94-570 Occupational health needs in small industry in New Zealand: Preferred sources of information. Dryson E., Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.43, No.4, p.176-179. 9 ref. (In English)

An audit of occupational health needs assessment and service utilization was carried out in a survey of small industry. Fifteen per cent of the workforce considered that working conditions were poor, and 8 per cent considered that their health had been affected by work. The proportions were highest in manual workers, rising to 31 per cent and 18 per cent respectively. Thirty-eight per cent of the workforce had needed occupational health information or advice in the past, particularly amongst manual workers (53 per cent). The boss was the commonest source of information, followed by the general practitioner. These findings have important implications for planners of occupational health services who need to ensure that these two groups have access to high quality information. Fifty-nine per cent of those who had needed information had not actually sought and obtained it. This suggests that information needs are not being met. Information which was received, however, generally met the requester's need. (61899)

CIS 94-571 Proceedings of the thirty-first Hanford symposium on health and the environment. Woods J.S., Sever L.E., eds., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Oct.-Nov. 1993, Vol.40, Nos.2-3, p.v-x, 147-510. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Proceedings of the thirty-first Hanford symposium on health and the environment held in Washington, USA, 20-23 October 1992. The theme of the conference was the laboratory and epidemiology - the development and application of biomarkers to the study of human health effects. Topics covered: application of advanced instrumentation to biomonitoring; novel biomarkers of toxicant exposure; genetic and molecular markers for susceptibility; applications of biomarkers in occupational medicine; epidemiological applications of biomarkers. (61923)

CIS 94-572 Accreditation policies in occupational health care. Yodaiken R.E., Zeitz P.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.562-567. 30 ref. (In English)

The history of occupational health care accreditation is explored and potential incentives to encourage accreditation of occupational health care are identified. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), industry, labour, insurance carriers and professional organizations collectively are encouraged to develop strategies to promote accreditation and to ensure that workers receive the maximum standard of occupational health care. (62042)

CIS 94-573 Measuring male reproductive hormones for occupational field studies. Schrader S.M., Turner T.W., Breitenstein M.J., Simon S.D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.574-576. 5 ref. (In English)

As part of a longitudinal study of unexposed workers, blood samples were analyzed for individual endocrine profiles of 45 men. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin were determined. Variability between 20-minute blood draws was estimated. Three blood draws seem to provide a marginal improvement over a single blood draw in detecting population shifts. However, if the prospect of three blood draws reduces subject participation by 10-20%, the increase in statistical power is negated. (62044)

CIS 94-574 Occupational toxicology. Stacey N.H., ed., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1993. ix, 398p. Illus. Index. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-85066-831-X (In English)

Contents of this manual: understanding occupational toxicology; targets of chemicals (systemic, respiratory and genetic toxicology, occupational skin disease, reproduction, development and occupational health, carcinogenesis and its prevention); toxicity by group of chemical (metals, pesticides, solvents, plastics, gases, particulate matter); fields interfacing with toxicology (occupational hygiene, medicine and epidemiology); uses of toxicological data (managing workplace chemical safety, working examples in occupational toxicology, chemicals, workplaces and the law). (61895)

CIS 94-575 Occupational allergies - Identification and description of allergens: Findings, problems, projects. (Italian: Le allergopatie professionali - Identificazione e descrizione di sostanze a capacità allergogena: Esperienze, problemi, progetti) Fondazione Carlo Erba, Viale E. Bezzi 24, 20146 Milano, Italy, 1989. 49p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In Italian)

Proceedings of a conference on occupational allergies, held in Milan, Italy, on 29 Nov. 1988. Four principal papers were presented: Allergic hazards in industry - present-day knowledge and research hypotheses (Nava C.); Hypersensitivity to chemical compounds with low molecular weight - information systems and future trends (Vicari G., Mari A.); Information and prevention - the experience in enterprises (Briatico-Vangosa G.); Approach of the Commission of the European Communities in dealing with occupational allergies (Aresini G.). (61903)

CIS 94-576 Respiratory allergy. European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, 250 Avenue Louise (Bte. 63), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Aug. 1993. ii, 49p. 104 ref. (In English)

This monograph describes the clinical syndromes of respiratory allergy, the mechanisms associated with occupational respiratory hypersensitivity, and the clinical criteria used for diagnosis and methods currently available for the identification of respiratory allergens. As yet there exist no fully validated methods or guidelines for the prospective identification of potential respiratory allergens; most attention is given to animal models. The two methods described in this monograph require further development. An appendix provides details of the criteria used in the diagnosis of allergic asthma. (62098)

CIS 94-577 Self-reported work-related illness. Hodgson J.T., Jones J.R., Elliott R.C., Osman J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. vii, 108p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-0607-4 (In English)

Results are presented of a questionnaire survey of individuals' perception of the relationship between their work and their health. Nearly 6% of adults reported sufferings from a work-related illness in the previous 12 months and half of these were seen as caused by work. Self-reports of musculoskeletal conditions far exceeded those of any other disease category. Other conditions reported included long term consequences of trauma and poisoning, stress/depression, deafness/other ear conditions, lower respiratory diseases and skin diseases. The occupations reporting the highest overall rates of work-related illness were coal mining, construction, metal and electrical processing, transport and materials moving and unskilled labourers. (61879)

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CIS 94-578 The mortality of US nuclear submariners, 1969-1982. Charpentier P., Ostfeld A.M., Hadjimichael O.C., Hester R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.501-509. 28 ref. (In English)

A mortality study of 76,160 men who served on US nuclear submarines is reported. Indirect standardization was used to compare mortality rates to those of the US male population. Multiplicative models were developed to explore patterns of mortality within the cohort. Mortality rates for leukaemia, acute myocardial infarction, and for motor vehicle accidents were equivalent to those of US males; rates for other causes were lower, generally consistent with the "healthy worker effect". Motor vehicle accident mortality dropped during the study period, perhaps reflecting efforts to control the problem. Suicide rates were depressed during the period of active duty. There was a suggestion that cancer mortality was associated with submarine type; however, the age distribution casts doubt that the excess was occupationally induced. (61926)

CIS 94-579 Renal effects of naphtha exposure among automotive workers. Rocskay A.Z., Robins T.G., Schork M.A., Echeverria D., Proctor S.P., White R.F., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.617-622. 21 ref. (In English)

A part of a study on health effects of naphtha exposure, the association between naphtha exposure and urinary excretion of total protein, albumin, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG), and β₂-microglobulin was assessed prospectively over one year among 248 workers (of whom 181 were retested one year later) at an automotive plant that used naphtha to calibrate fuel injectors. Naphtha air concentration at the plant ranged 6-790mg/m³, while length of exposure by the worker ranged 0.8-7.3 years. Overall, there was no significant effect of naphtha exposure on renal function, with the exception of a change in β-NAG which was positively associated with changes in recent naphtha exposures (p=0.009). (62050)

CIS 94-580 Injuries to workers in a swine confinement facility. Gordon R.L., Rhodes S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.518-521. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

Animal confinement facilities are used to increase efficiency by capitalizing from economies of scale. Investigations of the major health effects of these facilities usually focus on the respiratory symptoms of their workers. The study hypothesized that injury may also be a significant health issue for workers. The incidence and patterns of injury during a three-year period in a large, midwestern swine confinement facility was studied. A high incidence of injury (up to 65 injuries per 100 employee work-years) was found, with bruises, strains and sprains and needle stick injuries being most prominent. (61928)

CIS 94-581 Multiple myeloma mortality and agricultural practices in the Prairie provinces of Canada. Semenciw R.M., Morrison H.I., Riedel D., Wilkins K., Ritter L., Mao Y., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.557-561. 20 ref. (In English)

A cohort study of agricultural practices and mortality (1971 to 1987) among 150,000 male farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta was conducted. An association was found between multiple myeloma mortality and fuel/oil expenditures (relative risk for top quartile of exposure = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08-2.65). No significant associations were found between multiple myeloma and herbicide use or with selected sociodemographic variables. (62041)

CIS 94-582 Agricultural injury surveillance using a state injury register. O'Connor T.S., Gordon J.E., Barnett M., Journal of Safety Research, 1993, Vol.24, No.3, p.155-166. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

Using injury surveillance data from the Oregon Injury Registry (OIR), investigators analyzed data on fatal and nonfatal, hospitalized agricultural injuries occurring in the state from 1988 through 1990. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the magnitude and nature of such injuries in order to target prevention efforts. The study found an annual agricultural injury fatality rate of 22.2 per 100,000 agricultural workers; for fatalities related to the use of farm tractors, the rate was 11.3 per 100,000. The tractor-related fatality rate and the proportion of injuries that involved tractors were higher than national averages found in National Safety Council (NSC) studies. The overall agricultural injury fatality rate was lower than that found by the NSC. Tractor safety is a high priority for intervention, but educational programmes need to address a wide variety of hazards. (62135)

CIS 94-583 Correspondence between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in farm health and safety practices. Elkind P.D., Journal of Safety Research, 1993, Vol.24, No.3, p.171-179. 19 ref. (In English)

A literature review and a brief analysis of a farm family study from Washington State suggest that it is unlikely that farm hazards will be diminished by educating farmers. Changes in behaviour ensuring safer practices have questionable correspondence with the introduction of information about farm hazards. There are many social structural and political/economic reasons behind the multitude of farm hazards. These reasons require study, comprehension, and societally-based response before individuals can be expected to make radical changes in the way they farm on a daily basis. (62136)

CIS 94-584 Multifactorial genesis of laryngeal cancers in an oil hardening department. (German: Multifaktorielle Genese eines Kehlkopfkarzinoms in einer Ölhärterei) Jansing P.J., Lamprecht J., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Apr. 1992, Vol.27, No.4, p.137-139. Illus. 16 ref. (In German)

A group of 29 workers employed in the oil-bath hardening section of a foundry in Germany and a control group of 40 workers received medical examinations of the larynx. Measurements in the oil-bath hardening area yielded benzo(a)pyrene concentrations between 23 and 36ng/m³, a respirable dust concentration of 2.21mg/m³ with a quartz content of 4%, noise levels ranging from 85 to 95dB(A) and room temperatures of 29.2 to 30°C at a relative humidity of 13%. A highly significant incidence of laryngeal cancers was found for the workers of the oil-bath hardening department, 4 versus none in the control group. Laryngeal disorders were far higher than in the control group, 76% versus 27%. There were more and heavier smokers in the control group than in the exposed group. (62029)

CIS 94-585 Occupational morbidity in installations of the electric power industry. (Russian: Professional'naja zabolevaemost' na predprijatijah ėlektroėnergetiki) Solov'janov A.A., Osipov V.I., Jurkevič S.O., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1993, No.7, p.2-11. Illus. (In Russian)

Statistics on occupational disease on file at the former Ministries of Health and Energy of the USSR and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were analyzed in terms of the occupation and place of employment (enterprise, region) of the victim, the organ or system involved and probable causative factors. The data cover the years 1984-1991. A major cause of morbidity is the inadequacy, non-use or total absence of personal and collective protective equipment. (62116)

CIS 94-586 Retrospective cohort mortality study of workers at an aircraft maintenance facility. I - Epidemiological results. II - Exposures and their assessment. Spirtas R., Stewart P.A., Lee J.S., Marano D.E., Forbes C.D., Grauman D.J., Pettigrew H.M., Blair A., Hoover R.N., Cohen J.L., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.515-530 (I), p.531-537 (II). 74+20 ref. (In English)

Article I presents the results of a retrospective cohort study of 14,457 workers at an aircraft maintenance facility in order to evaluate mortality associated with exposures (particularly, exposures to solvents with an emphasis on trichloroethylene) in the workplace. Though there were a few statistically significant SMRs for deaths due to certain cancers (particularly among women), as well as some significant deficits, the study showed no significant or persuasive association between exposure to trichloroethylene and any excess of cancer. Significant excesses of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in white women could not be associated conclusively with any exposures either. Article II presents the methodologies used in standardizing job histories and assessing exposures in the cohort study. (61854)

CIS 94-587 A prospective study in the Australian petroleum industry. I. Mortality. II. Incidence of cancer. Christie D., Robinson K., Gordon I., Bisby J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.507-514. 41 ref. (In English)

These two papers report on the mortality experience and the incidence of cancer in employees of the Australian petroleum industry from 1981 to 1989. Two surveys studied more than 15,000 employees (having over five years of service) representing 92% of the eligible population. By the end of 1989, 76,529 person-years of observation had accumulated for male mortality with 241 deaths. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis showed a favourable mortality experience for most causes with overall cancer rates slightly lower than those of the national population. As for the incidence of cancer, 50,254 person-years of observation had accumulated in the men with 152 incident cancers reported. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analysis showed overall cancer rates close to those of the national population. Deficits were seen in some cancer sites, notably lung. An excess of observed/expected cases was present in all subcategories of lymphohaematopoietic cancer and was most apparent in myeloid leukaemia as well as melanoma. (61853)

CIS 94-588 Reduced mortality among workers at a rubber plant. Carlo G.L., Jablinske M.R., Lee N.L., Sund K.G., Corn M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.611-616. 63 ref. (In English)

A retrospective cohort study of mortality was conducted among current and former male employees of a tire manufacturing plant in Texas. Vital status was ascertained for almost all the cohort of 2,306 workers. Standardized mortality ratio analyses were completed based on 102 deaths. No significant excess for any disease-specific cause of death was identified, and significant deficits in all-cause mortality and deficits in cancer mortality were observed for both white and nonwhite men. The analyses were consistent in indicating that this work force has experienced no excessive disease-specific mortality. (62049)

CIS 94-589 Factors associated with dysmenorrhea among workers in French poultry slaughterhouses and canneries. Messing K., Saurel-Cubizolles M.J., Bourgine M., Kaminski M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.493-500. 38 ref. (In English)

The food and agriculture industry employs 15% of the female industrial workforce in France. Workers in this industry are exposed to a variety of environmental and organizational constraints: cold temperatures, uncomfortable postures, assembly-line work, irregular schedules. In 1987 to 1988, a medical examination and questionnaire were administered to 726 menstruating women who had not been pregnant during the two previous years, as part of a study of French workers in 17 poultry slaughterhouses and six canning factories. Dysmenorrhoea during the previous year was more prevalent among younger women and smokers, and less prevalent among users of oral contraceptives. After adjustment for non-occupational variables, dysmenorrhoea was significantly related to several parameters expressing cold exposure and physical workload. Other parameters such as job satisfaction and hours of domestic work were not associated with dysmenorrhoea. (61925)

CIS 94-590 Occupational accidents in food supermarkets. (Italian: Infortuni sul lavoro nel settore grande distribuzione alimentare) Magna B., Cantoni S., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1993, Vol.84, No.3, p.226-231. Illus. 6 réf. (In Italian)

The application of a systematic method of reading accident registers is proposed for food supermarkets. The study covered 461 accidents occurring in the five-year period 1986-1990 in 25 food supermarkets in the area of Milan, Italy. The proposed method is based on the identification of each accident according to a special coding scheme. Subsequent analysis may pinpoint the principal causes of accidents and the appropriate protective measures to be taken. (62154)

CIS 94-591 Occupational injuries among working adolescents in New York State. Belville R., Pollack S.H., Godbold J.H., Landrigan P.J., Journal of the American Medical Association, 2 June 1993, Vol.269, No.21, p.2754-2759. 42 ref. (In English)

In a statistical study of occupational injuries among working adolescents (aged 14-17), an analysis was made of New York State workers' compensation award data for the period 1980-1987. A total of 9656 adolescents were compensated for occupational injuries; 4201 (43.5%) of these suffered permanent disability and 31 died. The annual mean rate of compensated occupational injury was 28.2 per 10,000 adolescent workers. Highest rates were seen in manufacturing and agriculture; unskilled labour was the most dangerous occupation. Results show that occupational injuries are a substantial and underrecognized contributor to the continuing epidemic of injury among adolescents. (61848)

CIS 94-592 Working women at risk: Results from a survey of Hispanic injury patients. Weddle M.G., Bissell R.A., Shesser R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.712-715. 15 ref. (In English)

Women experience lower rates of occupational injury than do men in general, but subgroups are at increased risk. Based on the medical records of injury patients requesting treatment in a Washington, DC, emergency department during a 1991 survey of injured Hispanics, it was found that whereas women in general had a low risk of occupational injury, this was not true for Hispanic women. All Hispanics were at increased risk of occupational injury, but the relative risk attributable to ethnicity for Hispanic women was nearly twice that of the corresponding relative risk suffered by working Hispanic men. It was also found that whereas, overall, women had a lower risk of assault than did men, relative risks of assault based on sex were the same in the workplace. (62078)

CIS 94-593 Guide to safety in construction: Practical manual for the construction site manager. (Italian: Guida alla sicurezza nelle costruzioni - Manuale pratico del Direttore dei Lavori nell'azienda e nella libera professione) Zucchetti R., Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1991. xxvi, 442p. Illus. 74 ref. Indexes. Price: ITL 34,000., ISBN 88-19-79500-0 (In Italian)

This manual covers the safety requirements that must be complied with by firms engaged in construction projects in Italy. Contents: Part I - How to comply with the legal safety obligations in the construction business (commentary on Presidential Decree No.164 of 7 January 1956 (see CIS 91-355), other relevant legislation and jurisprudence): general legal safety requirements of construction sites; excavations and foundation work; wooden framework and scaffolding; fixed metal scaffolding; suspended scaffolds; materials transport; building construction; demolition work. Part II - Safety in maintenance work (hazard prevention during maintenance work, how to rig buildings during maintenance, how to perform maintenance on buildings while work continues inside). (61861)

CIS 94-594 Occupational health in waste disposal services - Papers presented at a conference in Dortmund, Germany, on 3 and 4 November 1992. (German: Arbeitsschutz in der Abfallwirtschaft - Vorträge der Fachtagung am 3. und 4. November 1992 in Dortmund) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 261p. Illus. Price: DEM 40.00., ISBN 3-89429-288-1 (In German)

Subjects addressed at this conference: the Waste Disposal Act in Germany and its effects on waste treatment and disposal methods; health protection during collection, handling, transport, storage, and treatment of waste and recycling material; disposal of hazardous waste; exposure to and protection from harmful substances. (61891)

CIS 94-595 The physiology and medicine of diving. Bennett P.B., Elliott D.H., eds., W.B. Saunders Company Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX, United Kingdom. Available from: Harcourt Brace and Company Ltd., Foots Cray High Street, Sidcup, Kent DA14 5HP, United Kingdom, 4th ed., 1993. x, 613p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 70.00., ISBN 0-7020-1589-X (In English)

This book is an edited collection of reviews each written by an internationally recognized authority. Contents: compressed air work; SCUBA-diving procedures and equipment; commercial diving equipment and procedures; fitness to dive; respiration and exertion; oxygen toxicity; inert gas narcosis; the high pressure nervous syndrome; underwater accidents; management of diving accidents; otological and paranasal sinus problems in diving; prevention and treatment of thermal problems; history of decompression procedures; decompression physiology and practice; Doppler and ultrasonic bubble detection; pathogenesis, manifestations and treatment of the decompression disorders; clinical hyperbaric oxygen therapy; dysbaric osteonecrosis; aseptic necrosis of bone; long-term health effects of diving. (62115)

CIS 94-596 The Coal Mines (Owner's Operating Rules) Regulations 1993 - Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 34p. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-0621-X (In English)

These Regulations apply to all coal mines and require the owner of the mine to ensure that the mine is not worked unless there are in force owner's operating rules which are suitable for that mine. The full text of the Regulations is reproduced followed by guidance on the content of the operating rules presented in the form of model rules. These cover the ventilation of blind ends, mine fires (fire fighting, underground belt conveyors, fire precautions in winding engine houses, training in the use of a self-rescuer) and frictional ignition. (61917)

CIS 94-597 Safety rules for kitchens. (German: Sicherheitsregeln für Küchen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, Apr. 1993. 86p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

Contents: 1. Scope; 2. Definitions; 3. General requirements; 4. Installations and equipment; lay-out (premises, floors, passageways, exits, cold storage, sanitary facilities, etc.); fire protection (extinguishers, garbage cans); health and safety requirements applicable to equipment (machinery and tools, lifts); 5. Operation (supervision, training, safety personnel, occupational physicians, OSH committees, alcohol consumption, rescue plans, personal protective equipment, housekeeping, dangerous substances, handling of fats, oils and hot liquids, microwave installations); 6. First aid (installations and equipment, attendants, labelling); 7. Inspections (food processing equipment, electrical and gas equipment, fire protection equipment, lifts, pressure vessels). Appendix: 1. List of machines and tools used in kitchens with mention of risks and safety precautions applicable in each case; 2. Double switch control devices (excerpt of standard DIN 24 980); 3. Relevant German legislation and regulations. (62021)

CIS 94-598 Safe operation of ceramic kilns. Health and Safety Commission, Ceramics Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 26p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-0630-9 (In English)

This booklet provides guidance on suitable standards of installation for various types of kilns. Contents: legislation; types of kiln (intermittent, continuous and fast fire kilns); training of kiln operators; natural gas and other gaseous fuel-fired kilns; electric kilns; maintenance of plant and safety equipment; fires and the siting of pottery kilns; thermal environment (heat stress and thermal comfort); other considerations (means of access, mechanical hazards, ergonomic factors, lighting, noise, fumes). (61839)

CIS 94-599 Approved code of practice for safety in photoengraving and lithographic processes. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1993. 26p. Illus. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03534-5 (In English)

Contents of this code of practice: summary of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (CIS 93-701); processes discussed in this code; brief summary of occupational safety and health policy in relation to photoengraving; general precautions and safe work methods (handling of acids and organic solvents, machines with condensing systems); precautions during the etching of magnesium and zinc plates, washout of photopolymer plates and lithographic etching with corrosive fluids. (61916)

CIS 94-600 Health and safety in horse riding establishments. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 76p. Illus. 49 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-0632-5 (In English)

Contents of this guidance booklet: legal duties; management of health and safety; health and safety training; manual handling; notification of accidents and incidents and provision of first aid; assessing and controlling hazards associated with harmful substances, dust, zoonoses and tetanus; precautions during veterinary treatment; environment and welfare; inspection and maintenance of tack; riding and road safety (protective equipment); electrical safety; safe use of machinery. Appendices include: horse behaviour; self-audit checklist; advice on safety policy statement; sample reporting forms for injuries and diseases. (61922)

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CIS 94-601 Electronic performance monitoring. Schleifer L.M., ed., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1992, Vol.23, No.1, p.1-79. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This special issue of Applied Ergonomics contains seven papers dealing with the important problems of electronic performance monitoring (EPM). Contents: electronic performance monitoring (Schleifer L.M.); stress, computer-based work monitoring and measurement systems - a conceptual overview (Amick III. B.C.; Smith M.J.); employee stress and health complaints in jobs with and without EPM (Smith M.J.; Carayon P.; Sanders K.J.; Lim S.Y.; LeGrande D.); operator stress and monitoring practices (DiTecco D.; Cwitco G.; Arsenault A.; André M.); two key factors that belong in a macroergonomic analysis of electronic monitoring - employee perceptions of fairnees and the climate of organization trust or distrust (Westin A.F.); a multi-level incentive model for service organizations (Shell R.L.; Allgeier R.G.); a review and reappraisal of EPM, performance standards and stress allowances (Schleifer L.M.; Shell R.L.); a review of research on EPM (Lund J.). (62150)

CIS 94-602 Soft-tissue injuries related to use of the computer keyboard - A clinical study of 53 severely injured persons. Pascarelli E.F., Kella J.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1993, Vol.35, No.5, p.522-532. Illus. 55 ref. (In English)

Both the physiology of injury and ergonomic factors were studied in detail in 53 disabled keyboard operators who complained of pain in the upper extremities. It was found that changes in the workstation (extrinsic ergonomic factors) may not be adequate treatment. Individual intrinsic ergonomic factors (i.e. inefficient typing styles) must also be recognized and corrected by a combination of physical therapy, conditioning, technique retraining and counselling. Two persons in the sample were also "mouse" users, and the ergonomics of this computer peripheral device is also discussed. (61929)

CIS 94-603 Approved Code of Practice for the safe use of visual display units. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1993. 39p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03429-2 (In English)

This Code sets minimum standards for employers and employees who install and use visual display units; the requirements of the Code also apply to manufacturers and suppliers of this equipment. Contents: technical information (definitions of technical terms, image formation and legibility of the display); specific problems associated with the use of VDUs (visual and postural fatigue, occupational overuse syndrome, photogenic epilepsy, radiation, facial dermatitis, stress, pregnancy and VDU work, remedies); provisions for design and operation of the screen, keyboard and workstation; provisions for the working environment; prevention of occupational overuse syndrome; work organization. (61828)

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CIS 94-604 Chemical-irritative bronchial asthma caused by cooling-water aerosols after long-term employment in the travertine-processing industry - A case study. (German: Chemisch-irritatives Bronchialasthma durch Sägewasseraerosole nach langjähriger Tätigkeit in der Travertinbearbeitung - Ein Fallbericht) Saak A., Stresemann E., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, Aug. 1993, Vol.43, No.8, p.250-253. Illus. 9 ref. (In German)

Chronic bronchial asthma was diagnosed in a 54-year old stone grinder after many years of exposure to strong alkaline aerosols of cooling-water used with saws in the travertine-processing industry. Workplace-related exposure tests with aerosolized cooling-water confirmed a bronchial asthma caused by chemical irritants accompanied by chronic cough and acute difficulties in breathing under exposure to alkaline aerosols. (61987)

CIS 94-605 Silicosis following employment in the manufacture of silica flour and industrial sand. Johnson W.M., Busnardo M.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.716-719. 24 ref. (In English)

Description of silicosis in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who worked as a maintenance mechanic for less than 5 years in a plant in South Carolina producing silica flour and industrial sand. An open lung biopsy showed an early stage of silicosis manifested by perivascular and peribronchial collections of macrophages as well as early granuloma formation. Excessive occupational exposure levels of respirable free silica were documented. (62079)

CIS 94-606 Occupational dust exposure and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among conduit repair workers. (Japanese: Suidōkyoku shokuin no funjin bakuro jōkyō to kokyūkishō jōshū soritsu) Kumagai S., Kurumatani N., Nakachi S., Nakagiri S., Hara K., Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Nov. 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.540-549. Illus. 30 ref. (In Japanese)

Workers engaged in the repair of city water supply conduits are exposed to dust during excavation and the cutting of pavement and pipe. To quantify this exposure and its consequences, ambient dust levels were measured at 20 conduit repair sites in two cities; the concentration and composition of dust was compared with samples collected in 10 offices of the water supply authorities. Questionnaires concerning respiratory symptoms were then distributed to the conduit repair workers and office workers of 119 municipal water supply authorities. The mean dust concentration in conduit repair was 0.91mg/m³, or 4.6 times higher than the level in offices. X-ray analysis showed that soil was the main component, while in offices it was tobacco smoke. Among smokers, the prevalence of cough and phlegm was higher among conduit workers than in clerical or engineering staff; among non- and ex-smokers the difference was not significant. (62084)

CIS 94-607 Asbestos exposure on board ships - Environmental study of two categories of ferries. (Italian: L'esposizione all'amianto a bordo di navi - Uno studio sulla situazione ambientale in due classi di navi traghetto) Turi E., Tidei F., Paoletti L., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1993, Vol.84, No.3, p.201-210. Illus. 21 réf. (In Italian)

The results of a study of contamination by airborne asbestos fibres on board a number of Italian ferries are presented. Asbestos is widely used throughout the ships as fire and soundproofing insulation. Samples taken before, during and after removal of the insulation in areas of the ship outside the asbestos removal worksite gave concentration levels that were similar to those observed in other indoor environments (buildings), varying according to the sample location and the condition of the insulation material. The results are discussed taking into consideration the fact that a ship is also a living environment for crew and passengers. (62152)

CIS 94-608 Comparison between phase contrast optical microscopy and electron scanning microscopy for analysis of airborne asbestos fibres in office environments. (Italian: Confronto tra microscopia ottica in contrasto di fase e microscopia elettronica a scansione per l'analisi delle fibre di amianto aerodisperse in ambiente di ufficio) Marconi A., Falleni F., Campanella E., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1993, Vol.84, No.3, p.211-216. Illus. 11 réf. (In Italian)

The relationship between asbestos fibre counts using phase-constrast optical microscopy (PCOM) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) was investigated. Twenty-four samples were taken in various locations where amosite had been sprayed on structural parts. Only fibres >5µm, diameter <3µm and aspect ratio >3 were counted. The arithmetic and geometric means of the ratio between PCOM and SEM counts were 1.2 and 1.1, respectively, showing a significant (p=0.01) linear correlation coefficient of 0.84. (62153)

CIS 94-609 The problem of asbestos content determination in bulk samples - Study of the effect of comminution on the diffractometric response of chrysotile contained in an asbestos-cement sample. (Italian: Il problema della determinazione dell'amianto nei materiali in massa - Studio dell'effetto della macinazione sulla risposta diffrattometrica del crisotilo contenuto in un campione di amianto-cemento) Puledda S., Paoletti L., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.297-305. Illus. 14 ref. (In Italian)

To determine the asbestos content in a bulk sample by X-ray diffractometry, the sample must be ground and/or milled until an adequate granulometry is reached. However, this treatment can produce a decrease in fibre crystallinity which, in turn, causes an attenuation of the diffractometric response of asbestos. The authors studied a "wet" comminution method that was tested on an asbestos-cement sample containing chrysotile. This procedure made it possible to limit the attenuation of the diffractometric response of chrysotile to reasonable values (about 20%). Moreover, the study of the kinetics of the process revealed a time interval during which both fibre granulometry and diffractometric response tend to reach a plateau value. In this interval, the comminution time is not a critical factor with respect to the diffractometric behaviour of chrysotile. Therefore, this interval offers favourable conditions for preparing bulk samples to be submitted to X-ray diffraction. (62162)

CIS 94-610 Design of industrial ventilation systems. (German: RLT - Anlagenauslegung für Produktionshallen) Brunk M.F., Dittes W., Pfeiffer W., HLH - Heizung Lüftung/Klima Haustechnik, Mar. 1992, Vol.43, No.3, p.118-126. Illus. 38 ref. (In German)

A method for the design of industrial ventilation systems is presented which departs from the use of empirical air exchange rates as is recommended in many directives. Instead, it takes into account the amount of harmful substances which will be used and the heat generated by all sources including the people, illumination, and solar radiation. The process of cleaning plastic bumpers for motor cars with isopropyl alcohol is used as an example to explain the method. (62120)

CIS 94-611 Asphalt and risk of cancer in man. Chiazze L., Watkins D.K., Amsel J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.538-542. 17 ref. (In English)

This literature survey concludes that since the 1984 IARC Monograph No.35 (see CIS 86-698) was published, there have been no new epidemiological data to show a causal relationship between exposure to asphalt (bitumen) and cancer. It is suggested that, while taking appropriate protective measures for those who work with asphalt, well-designed epidemiological studies should be undertaken to determine whether asphalt has carcinogenic properties. (61855)

CIS 94-612 Risk assessment using exposure intensity: An application to vermiculite mining. Vacek P.M., McDonald J.C., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.543-547. 9 ref. (In English)

An exposure-response model for assessing lung cancer risk was developed and applied to vermiculite miners. The approach was applied to a study of lung cancer mortality (recorded up to July 1983) in 406 male miners employed for at least 1 year before 1963 at a vermiculite mine and mill in Montana. Exposure records for airborne fibres and occupational histories were reviewed. The exposure data were grouped into five categories having average fibre concentrations of 0.0, 2.1, 7.0, 24.1, and 82.0f/mL. Twenty-one lung cancer deaths occurred in the cohort between 1963 and July 1983. Negative nonsignificant lung cancer risk coefficients were found for the 2.1f/mL exposure group. The lung cancer risk coefficients for the 82.0f/mL group were similar to those of the 7.0f/mL group. When compared with a risk model that used cumulative exposure as the exposure indices, the lung cancer risk coefficients using cumulative exposure indices underestimated the risk for the 7.0 and 24.1f/mL groups significantly and overestimated the risk for the 82.0f/mL group. The authors conclude that in order to access exposure response relationships from epidemiological data accurately, exposure intensity as well as duration must be taken into account. (61856)

CIS 94-613 Determination of urinary 2,5-hexanedione concentration by an improved analytical method as an index of exposure to n-hexane. Saito I., Shibata E., Huang J., Hisanaga N., Ono Y., Takeuchi Y., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.568-574. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

2,5-Hexanedione is a main metabolite of n-hexane and is considered as the cause of n-hexane polyneuropathy. Therefore, it is useful to measure 2,5-hexanedione for biological monitoring of exposure to n-hexane. The analytical methods existing for n-hexane metabolites, however, were controversial; therefore, a simple method for determination of urinary 2,5-hexanedione has been developed. 5mL of urine was acidified to pH 0.5 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and heated for 30 minutes at 90-100°C. After cooling in water, sodium chloride and dichloromethane containing internal standard were added. The sample was shaken and centrifuged. 2,5-Hexanedione concentration in an aliquot of dichloromethane extract was quantified by gas chromatography using a widebore column (DB-1701). Urinary concentration of 2,5-hexanedione showed a good correlation with exposure to n-hexane (n=50, r=0.973, p<0.001). This method is simple and precise for analysis of urinary 2,5-hexanedione as an index of exposure to n-hexane. (61858)

CIS 94-614 Assessment of the nasal mucosa in workers exposed to the prolonged effect of phosphorite and apatite dusts. Mickiewicz L., Mikulski T., Kuźna-Grygiel W., Świech Z., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.3, p.277-285. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

One hundred and thirty one workers occupationally exposed to phosphorite and apatite dusts and a control group underwent repeated laryngological and cytological examinations of nasal mucosa smears. The clinical examination showed chronic simple or atrophic rhinitis. The cytological test revealed metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium towards squamous epithelium in all smears. Both the rate of catarrhal changes and the degree of epithelial metaplasia varied with the duration of exposure. (61932)

CIS 94-615 Effects of agricultural pesticides on humans, animals and higher plants in developing countries. Igbedioh S.O., Archives of Environmental Health, July/Aug. 1991, Vol.46, No.4, p.218-224. 52 ref. (In English)

Undesirable side effects that result from the indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides in developing countries are widespread. This has captured the attention of health workers, governments, and environmental protection agencies. In fact, the potential health effects of long-term exposure to humans, animals, and higher plants are of great concern. This study examines the effects of agricultural pesticides on such living forms and explores modes of action, and presents strategies to minimize the deleterious effects of pesticides to living forms in developing countries. (62086)

CIS 94-616 Reference values for the study of low doses. Alessio L., Science of the Total Environment, 1992, Vol.120, p.1-6. 9 ref. (In English)

At present, the quantitative differences between environmental exposure and occupational exposure to toxic metals are steadily decreasing. It therefore becomes important to establish reference values for the tests used for biological monitoring. However, the expression 'reference value' is often used inappropriately and in particular its meaning is often confused with that of 'limit value' or 'normal value'. It actually refers to the levels of biological indicators in the general population not exposed. It is necessary to refer to these values in order to compare the data obtained through biological monitoring programmes in workers and in groups of the general population which are presumed to be exposed. The most essential aspects for identifying reference values for toxic metals, using a rigorous methodology, are taken into consideration and in particular, the requisites needed for identifying the subjects which must be included in the reference groups are also examined. The modalities for using reference values for individual subjects as well as for groups are then discussed and the main points of research which must be faced in the near future regarding reference values are highlighted. (62097)

CIS 94-617 Confined space ventilation: Tracer gas analysis of mixing characteristics. Bowes S.M., Mason E.G., Corn M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.639-646. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Study of the mixing effectiveness of dilution ventilation of confined spaces (the hold of petrochemical vessels). The tracer gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) was used as an experiment, with an infrared analyzer capable of sampling at 90L/min used as the monitoring instrument, and smoke tubes and anemometry used to assess air circulation. It was found that air in the vessels showed mixing that was much slower than predicted by theory, due to the complicated dynamics of internal air circulation. Tracer gas studies are shown to be useful for the assessment of air mixing inside confined spaces. (62104)

CIS 94-618 Variation of exposure between workers in homogeneous exposure groups. Rappaport S.M., Kromhout H., Symanski E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.654-662. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

The purpose of this study was to establish whether workers employed in the same job at a given location are uniformly exposed to various substances, i.e. whether they have the same long-term exposure. In this study 183 homogeneous exposure groups (HEGs), with 15,495 personal measurements, were analyzed. Overall, only about 20% of the HEGs were uniformly exposed (<2-fold differences among 95% of individual mean exposures), while another 20% showed a high degree of variation among workers (>15-fold difference among 95% of individuals). Further analysis shows that identifiable work environment features account for only 13% of this variation, suggesting that the reasons for exposure variation are poorly understood. The adoption of new statistical methods are suggested as a means to improve hazard evaluation in the workplace. In annex: statistical analysis of the 183 HEGs, with the substances their members were exposed to. (62106)

CIS 94-619 A survey of airborne HDI, HDI-based polyisocyanate and solvent concentrations in the manufacture and application of polyurethane coatings. Myer H.E., O'Block S.T., Dharmarajan V., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.663-670. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

This study summarizes the results of industrial hygiene surveys in paint manufacturing and application operations using polyurethane coatings containing hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and HDI-based polyisocyanates, with some attention paid to other organic solvents. 466 samples were collected from 47 operations (mostly in application). The application surveys covered painting of transportation vehicles, large military and civilian equipment, and other industrial and construction painting jobs. The major results of these measurements show that there is some potential for isocyanate overexposure of unprotected workers and that it is greater in spray than in nonspray operations. (62107)

CIS 94-620 CD-ROMs and databases as vehicles for chemical safety information. Takala J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.683-696. Illus. 46 ref. (In English)

The information sciences are rapidly evolving and incorporating microelectronic technologies. Databases on CD-ROMs are increasingly used by safety professionals all over the world. This review explains existing data options and describes strategies for combining information from different sources. Tests using various data-searching techniques were carried out. The results indicate that CD-ROM software is increasingly designed to make searching for information easier for individuals who are not professional information specialists. A model relational database management system was prepared as part of a decision-support system for safety professionals. A survey of more than 100 databases available internationally is provided. (62110)

CIS 94-621 Effect of location and presentation format on attention to and compliance with product warnings and instructions. Frantz J.P., Journal of Safety Research, 1993, Vol.24, No.3, p.131-154. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

Eighty subjects used a drain opener with one of four labels in an experiment to determine the effect of safety information location relative to usage instructions and the effect of presentation format of usage instructions (prose vs. numbered list). Contrary to current/recommended practice, substantially more subjects read and complied with warnings that appeared in the "Directions for Use" rather than the "Precautions" section. On average, moving a statement from the "Precautions" into the "Directions" increased the reading rate from 37% to 89% and the compliance rate from 48% to 83%. The presentation format did not affect overall label effectiveness. This research is particularly applicable to labelling guidelines and regulations calling for precautions to be separated from usage instructions, and illustrates the value of a user-oriented label design approach. (62134)

CIS 94-622 Critical role of ethanol abuse in carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Manno M., Rezzadore M., Lancet, 22 Jan. 1994, Vol.343, No.8891, p.232. 3 ref. (In English)

A brief report on two cases of occupational poisoning after acute unprotected inhalation of carbon tetrachloride in which regular ethanol abuse by the patients appears to have been critical for toxicity. In each incident, one worker (in each case a heavy drinker) developed adverse liver and kidney effects while co-workers (who drank moderately) showed no significant effects. Thus, conditions of solvent exposure that are harmless to normal subjects may produce dramatic effects in heavy drinkers. (62139)

CIS 94-623 Chromium in biological samples from low-level exposed stainless steel and mild steel welders. Bonde J.P., Christensen J.M., Archives of Environmental Health, July/Aug. 1991, Vol.46, No.4, p.225-229. 18 ref. (In English)

Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium is of concern because of the carcinogenic action of this metal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate internal exposure to chromium in welders who were exposed to low levels of chromium. Chromium in urine, blood, and seminal fluid was determined among 60 welders and 45 controls. The concentration of chromium in urine and blood did not change across a workshift or across a 3-wk break in exposure. However, stainless-steel and mild-steel welders who were exposed to low levels of chromium and steel welders who were mildly exposed had significantly increased levels of chromium in post-shift urine (mean 2.1nmol/mmol creatinine [standard deviation (SD) = 1.0] and 1.3nmol/mmol creatinine [SD = 0.5], respectively) compared with controls (mean 0.7nmol/mmol creatinine [SD = 0.3]). Pre-shift blood chromium concentrations showed a similar variation between exposed workers and controls. Subgroups of stainless-steel welders had very high levels of chromium in seminal fluid which may be partly explained by nonoccupational factors. Attention should focus on the potential risk of delayed health effects among stainless-steel and mild-steel welders who heretofore were not thought to be at risk from chromium exposure. (62087)

CIS 94-624 Biological markers in chromium exposure assessment: Confounding variables. Bukowski J.A., Goldstein M.D., Korn L.R., Johnson B.B., Archives of Environmental Health, July/Aug. 1991, Vol.46, No.4, p.230-236. 21 ref. (In English)

An estimated two million tons of chromate production waste pollution has caused a major environmental and public health concern in Hudson County, New Jersey. As part of an occupational exposure assessment, urinary and red blood cell (RBC) chromium measurements were performed on 52 state employees who worked either near a contaminated site or elsewhere. These workers also completed a questionnaire that addressed potentially important other variables relating to their exposure to chromium. Individual analyses suggested that exercise, drinking beer, past employment in chromium-related occupations, and diabetic status has an important effect on urinary chromium levels. These variables were entered into a regression model and were all found to be significant predictors of urinary chromium level (p<.10). Some variables were also examined for their influence on RBC chromium level, but none had a measurable effect. (62088)

CIS 94-625 Mortality due to asbestos-related causes in a cohort of railway carriage construction workers. (Italian: La mortalità per cause correlabili all'amianto in una coorte di addetti alla costruzione di carrozze ferroviarie) Menegozzo M., Belli S., Bruno C., Canfora V., Costigliola A., Di Cintio P., Di Liello L., Grignoli M., Palumbo F., Sapio P., Comba P., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1993, Vol.84, No.3, p.193-200. 28 réf. (In Italian)

The mortality experience of a cohort of 1,534 railway carriage construction workers was studied and compared with that of the general population of the region, with the aim of detecting asbestos-induced disease. There were 194 deaths in the cohort (SMR: 0.88). Significant mortality deficits were associated with circulatory causes (SMR: 0.64, 58 observed), non-malignant respiratory causes (SMR: 0.59, 12 observed), and accidents (SMR: 0.39, 5 observed). A significant increase in mortality from all neoplasms was detected (SMR: 1.25, 69 observed), mainly due to an excess of lung cancer (SMR: 1.45, 28 observed), pleural cancer (SMR: 4.72, 3 observed), and peritoneal cancer (SMR: 7.47, 2 observed). The excess of mortality from respiratory neoplasms mainly affected subjects who had started employment more than 20 years previously. (62151)

CIS 94-626 The role of psychological stress and prior experience in the use of personal protective equipment. Dunbar E., Journal of Safety Research, 1993, Vol.24, No.3, p.181-187. 11 ref. (In English)

Effective personal protective equipment (PPE) use was assessed by behaviourally anchored rating scales (BARS). Participants, consisting of 141 emergency response team members of a chemical manufacturing organization, were evaluated in a series of field simulations where PPE was used. Subjects completed a series of paper-and-pencil questionnaires measuring anxiety, type A behaviour, anger expression, and a knowledge test concerning chemical emergency response. Self-estimates of PPE skill were better predictors of observed BARS performance than knowledge scores, the amount of formal training, or emergency response experience. Effective performance scores were related to knowledge and experience in PPE use and negatively related to the outward expression of anger. Discomfort in using PPE was significantly correlated with experience using protective gear, positive teamwork-effectiveness ratings, and lower levels of anxiety symptoms. (62137)

CIS 94-627 Clean air at work. Bord B.S., Industrial Safety Data File, Oct. 1993, p.H:16:1-H:16:4. (In English)

Questions to be addressed by those with responsibilities for dealing with airborne contamination in the workplace are considered. These include: monitoring by means of relevant and valid measurements of airborne concentrations of contaminants; carrying out risk assessments; selection of effective technical and managerial corrective actions from a hierarchy of control options; the impact of the EC Machinery Directive, which specifies essential health and safety requirements for machinery. (62102)

CIS 94-628 A hazard and operability study of anhydrous ammonia application in agriculture. Spencer A.B., Gressel M.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.671-677. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis was applied to the use of anhydrous ammonia (NH₃) by farmers. The analysis evaluated the storage, transfer and application of NH₃, and the identification of hazard scenarios, practical solutions and research needs. As a result of the analysis, 95 findings (i.e. recommendations) were developed for improvements in training and maintenance practices, equipment design, and the maintaining of material compatibility. Examples of these "findings" are given, as well as strategies for their dissemination to the agricultural community. (62108)

CIS 94-629 Effect of ventilation on ammonia levels in cowhouses. Linnainmaa M., Louhelainen K., Eskelinen T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov.1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.678-682. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Report on survey of ammonia concentration in Finnish cowhouses (cowsheds). Diffusion tubes were used to measure ammonia levels and were found to be reliable and sensitive for field purposes. The correlation between ventilation rates and ammonia concentration was generally poor, indicating that other factors are also important. Nevertheless, it is recommended to improve ventilation rates in order to reduce air impurities and relative humidity. Supply air should also be warmed in winter. (62109)

CIS 94-630 Ozone - A health risk for the roofer and other professionals working outdoors in the construction industry?. (German: Ozon - Gesundheitsrisiko für Dachdecker und andere Freiluftberufe in der Bauwirtschaft?) Schmittner, Mitteilungsblatt der Bau-Berufsgenossenschaft Wuppertal, June 1993, No.2, p.102-105. Illus. (In German)

At present, the stratospheric ozone concentration is diminishing, causing an increase in UV-radiation at the ground. At the same time, the ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere are increasing in industrialized areas. During the summer the statutory limit of 120µg/m³ is exceeded on the average on 10 to 50 days. From a review of the acute and chronic effects of ozone it is concluded that roofers and other professionals working outdoors face no health hazard at these ozone concentrations. However, they may experience reversible irritations of the mucous tissue of the eyes, nose and respiratory tract. (62027)

CIS 94-631 Successful treatment of life-threatening propionitrile exposure with sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate followed by hyperbaric oxygen. Scolnick B., Hamel D., Woolf A.D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.577-580. 28 ref. (In English)

Case report on two workers at a chemical plant who were overcome by propionitrile fumes. One victim was comatose, acidotic, and hypertensive (blood cyanide level 5.0µg/mL). The second victim complained of nausea, dizziness, and headache but never lost consciousness (blood cyanide level 3.5µg/mL). The ambient concentration of propionitrile in air samples after exposure was 77.5mg/m³. Both workers received sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate (the first one also received hyperbaric oxygen for 4h). In occupational situations in which workers exhibit sudden symptoms of acute poisoning and where substituted nitriles are known to be on site, acute cyanide poisoning should be suspected. Hyperbaric oxygen may be a valuable adjunctive therapy to consider in addition to normal first-aid measures. (62045)

CIS 94-632 Occupational chemical exposures in an academic medical center. Weaver V.M., McDiarmid M.A., Guidera J.A., Humphrey F.E., Schaefer J.A., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.701-706. 19 ref. (In English)

Although the risk of certain chemical agents in the hospitals environment are well know, problems associated with the entire spectrum of chemicals are not. To address this issue, incident reports generated in response to chemical exposures in an academic medical center were analyzed. Workers' compensation clinic logs and reports to OSHA were reviewed to obtain information on medical follow-up and severity. Exposure rates by job title were highest for housekeepers, followed by maintenance workers and laboratory technicians. The most frequently involved chemical groups were disinfectants, solvents and cleaning compounds. Exposure by the dermal route was most common. Thirteen percent of the exposures resulted in lost time. Medical treatment was obtained by 53%. Implications for hazard communication, recordkeeping, and prevention are discussed. (62076)

CIS 94-633 International Chemical Safety Cards. (Italian: Le Schede internazionali di sicurezza chimica) Menichini E., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.267-273. Illus. 12 ref. (In Italian)

Information is given on a new series of safety data sheets for chemical substances: the International Chemical Safety Cards, which were developed by the WHO in the framework of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), in cooperation with the Commission of the European Communities. The cards are prepared by various scientific institutions and then peer-reviewed by a committee of internationally recognized experts. At the moment, 349 cards are available in English. The Commission has also translated 78 cards into the other eight official languages of the European Communities. Among the aims of this work, the most important are: (a) the possibility of comparing risks associated with different substances, through the use of "standard phrases", whose meaning is given in a specific Guide; (b) circulation of information on chemical risks at a global level, particularly in those countries that are not able to make their own evaluations. These cards are systematically abstracted by CIS. (62158)

CIS 94-634 Measurement of workplace exposure to diesel exhausts. (German: Messung der beruflichen Exposition gegenüber Dieselabgas) Lehmann E., Rentel K.H., Allescher W., Hohmann R., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1991. 94p. Illus. 36 ref. Price: DEM 21.50., ISBN 3-89429-120-6 (In German)

Revised and enlarged version of the document abstracted under CIS 90-630 describing a standardized measuring method for workplace exposure to diesel exhausts based on respirable fractions. The main components (soot and bound hydrocarbons) can be easily analyzed by oxidation after collection on glass-fibre filters. Exposure to respirable dust emitted by diesel-powered forklifts and trucks was measured from Oct. 1987 to March 1991 in 31 workplaces including 13 customs offices, 3 ships, 2 maintenance and repair shops, 12 warehouses, 1 rolling mill and 1 driver's cabin of a diesel-powered truck. The respirable dust fractions ranged from 0.02-0.80mg/m³ in indoor air and from 0.13-1.2mg/m³ in breathing-zone air. The total carbon concentrations in indoor air were between 0.023 and 0.40mg/m³. They were higher than in outdoor air while the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were similar in indoor and outdoor air. Summaries in English, French and German. (62023)

CIS 94-635 Nitrilotriacetic acid. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiv, 37p. 69 ref. Price: DEM 32.00., ISBN 3-7776-0532-8 (In English)

This document reviews the currently available data on the environmental occurrence and behaviour of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) along with ecotoxic effects and toxicological data derived from animal experiments. The main toxicological effect of NTA is damage to the kidneys and urinary tract. No evidence has been found of embryotoxic or teratogenic effects in animals and a human carcinogenic risk is not expected at the exposure levels to which humans may be subjected. (61822)

CIS 94-636 o-Nitroanisole (1-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 101061, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiii, 32p. 52 ref. Price: DEM 32.00., ISBN 3-7776-0533-6 (In English)

This document reviews the currently available data on the environmental occurrence and behaviour of 1-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene along with ecotoxic effects and toxicological data derived from animal experiments. No information is available on the effects of this substance in humans. Symptoms of acute toxicity have been observed in animals; no data are available on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Mutagenic effects have been observed in in vitro tests. (61823)

CIS 94-637 Hexachloroethane. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 101061, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xvi, 67p. 113 ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0535-2 (In English)

This document reviews the currently available data on the environmental occurrence and behaviour of hexachloroethane along with ecotoxic effects and toxicological data derived from animal experiments. No information is available on the effects of hexachloroethane in humans. In experimental animals the substance depresses the central nervous system and has narcotic effects at higher concentrations. Kidney and liver damage and carcinogenic effects have also been observed in animals. (61824)

CIS 94-638 Reproductive toxicology. Richardson M., VCH, P.O. Box 10 11 61, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, and VCH, 220 E 23rd Street, New York, NY 10010, USA, 1993. xix, 286p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: DEM 195.00; GBP 80.00., ISBN 1-56081-737-2, ISBN 3-527-28561-X (In English)

This collection of papers addresses the effects of chemical substances on the male and female reproductive systems. Contents: occupational carcinogens and teratogenicity; effects of occupational chemicals on reproductive functions (reviews of Soviet and Chinese literature); environmental chemicals and the outcome of human pregnancy; male reproductive toxicology (chromium compounds; monitoring the adverse effects of environmental chemicals; offsprings of testicular cancer patients); female reproductive toxicology (pesticides and other adverse factors in agriculture; heavy metals); human health aspects (reproductive hazards relating to some occupations; methods of testing for reproductive toxicity; quantitative risk assessment of reproductive toxicants; epidemiological research and surveillance; reproductive toxicity of aluminium). (61835)

CIS 94-639 Health protection from chemicals in the workplace. Lewis P., Chemical Industries Association, ed., Ellis Horwood Ltd., Market Cross House, Cooper Street, Chichester, West Sussex P019 1EB, United Kingdom, 1993. x, 286p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-13-388240-3 (In English)

The chapters in this book were written by occupational health specialists and the text is aimed at management and staff in the chemical industry and other industries where chemicals are used. Contents: review of UK and international law on the control of workplace exposure to harmful chemicals; activities of non-governmental organizations; occupational health services; occupational health auditing; hazard assessment; assessment of health risks; ventilation systems; personal protective equipment; occupational exposure limits; sampling strategies; acute poisoning; dermatitis; chronic health effects and chemical control. (61873)

CIS 94-640 Survey of industrial solvent use in the Rockdale area. WorkCover Authority of New South Wales, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Sep. 1993. xii, 140p. Illus. 60 ref., ISBN 0-644-32188-1 (In English)

A questionnaire survey of liquid product use among 1,584 businesses in two areas of Sydney, Australia revealed that 86% used liquid products. Contact with product manufacturers and suppliers of products listed in the questionnaire resulted in the acquisition of 471 (67%) product material safety data sheets which were assessed for content and quality. Of these products, 40% contained more than 1% organic solvents and 19% contained organic solvents in a proportion of mare than 60%. The greatest proportion of solvent users was found in the manufacturing industry. A number of recommendations are made. (61876)

CIS 94-641 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for pyridine. Department of Social Affairs and Employment, Directorate-General of Labour (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 8+20p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 90-399-0518-5 (In English)

This publication (prepared in cooperation between the Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards (DEC) and the Swedish Criteria Group (SCG), whose criteria document on pyridine in the series Arbete och hälsa 1991:49 by M. Warholm has already been abstracted as CIS 93-610) presents an evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to pyridine. This substance is mainly used as a solvent and is also an intermediate in the production of e.g. pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods; toxicokinetic data; general toxicological effects in animal and humans (short-term exposure and long-term exposure); effects on organs; biochemical effects; reproductive effects and effects on pregnancy; mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; evaluation of human health risks. The critical health effect of pyridine seems to be its effect on the central nervous system and the liver. Based on the data available, the Dutch Expert Committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for pyridine of 1mg/m³ (0.3ppm), 8h-TWA, with a skin notation. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61883)

CIS 94-642 Principles and methods for the assessment of nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals. International Programme on Chemicals Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 266p. Illus. 767 ref. Price: CHF 29.00 (CHF 20.30 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157119-5 (In English)

Much anatomical and functional knowledge of the animal kidney is directly applicable to humans. However, current understanding of biomedical and metabolic processes in the human kidney, and of differences between animal species, is inadequate for confident extrapolation of chemical effects from one species to another. Several chemicals have toxic effects (acute or chronic) on one or more anatomical elements of the kidney. Although there has been extensive research on the incidence of nephropathy among abusers of analgesics and in some occupational groups, the epidemiology of chemically induced nephropathy has been inadequately studied. Tumours of the kidney and urinary tract are rare, but their increasing frequency implies a role for environmental factors. No single method is sufficient to assess chemically induced renal dysfunction; more and better ones are needed. More research in several areas is needed. (61931)

CIS 94-643 Bile acids and xenobiotic substances: Biological epidemiological and experimental basis for the evaluation of hepatic function. (Italian: Acidi biliari e xenobiotici - Basi biologiche, epidemiologiche e sperimentali per la valutazione della funzione epatica) Franco G., ed., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1991. 110p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 88-7830-147-7 (In Italian)

Six major literature surveys: the liver as a target organ of xenobiotic substances of occupational origin (Franco G.); bile acids - structure, physiology, functions, determination (Lorena M.); the enterohepatic cycle of bile acids (Lorena M., Franco G.); behaviour of bile acids in physiological and pathological conditions (Lorena M.); behaviour of bile acids in occupational exposure to xenobiotic substances (Franco G., Fonte R.); biological and experimental basis of the use of bile acids as indicators of the effect of exposure to xenobiotic substances (Franco G.). (62011)

CIS 94-644 Reference values of trace elements in human tissues. (Italian: Valori di riferimento di elementi in traccia in tessuti umani) Minoia C., Sabbioni E., Apostoli P., Cavalleri A., eds., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1991. 208p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 88-7963-008-3 (In Italian)

Proceedings of two workshops on reference values of trace elements in human tissues, held in Ispra and Cervesina, Italy, 10 Apr. & 21 Nov. 1991. The 16 papers discuss the problems involved in establishing reference values for trace elements in human tissues: setting up of databases, definition of reference values, variability of data, sampling of standard materials, conducting epidemiological surveys, using different analytical techniques, determination in various body parts (pubic hair, nails, bones, biological fluids), statistical aspects. Individual elements discussed in detail are zinc, lead, chromium and selenium. (62012)

CIS 94-645 Effects on interaction between ethanol and solvents. (Italian: Effetti della interazione tra etanolo e solventi) Imbriani M., Di Nucci A., eds., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1991. 143p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 88-7830-160-4 (In Italian)

Collection of ten research and review papers on various aspects of the interaction between ethanol and solvents. Papers cover the topic in relation to: pharmacokinetic behaviour of organic solvents (Sato A.); toxicological data in animals and humans (Mutti A.); toxicological and metabolic interaction among solvents (Perbellini L., Brugnone F.); interactions in humans (Riihimäki V., Elovaara E.); solvent interactions and biological monitoring (Tichi M., Mraz J.); metabolism of toluene in man I-II (Imbriani M., Ghittori S., Maestri L.); the glutathione system (Di Nucci A., Coccini T.); neurobehavioural effects (Gilioli R. et al); liver toxicity - definition of the risk and diagnostic implications (Franco G.). (62013)

CIS 94-646 Toxicology of combustion products. Manzo L., Weetman D.F., eds., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1992. 141p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 88-7963-004-0 (In English)

This book contains the proceedings of a conference held in Pavia (Italy) in 1992. There are altogether 14 papers, of which the following topics are relevant to OSH: toxicity of particles from combustion processes (Henderson R.F., Mauderly J.L.); experimental toxicology of inhaled automobile exhaust emissions (Brightwell J.); chemical risks from waste incineration (De Felip E., Di Domenico A.); coal combustion as a source of metallic pollutants (Sabbioni E., Manzo L.); toxicology of environmental tobacco smoke (Reasor M.J.); toxicology of compounds originating by pyrolitic or combustion processes (Gorrod J.W.); vehicle emissions and fuel quality (Fiumara A.); clinical toxicology of cyanide released by combustion (Bismuth C.H.); fire incapacitation (Beritic T.; Stilinovic L.); toxicology of carbon monoxide (Locatelli C., Candura S.M., Manzo L.). A selected bibliography and a list of participants are annexed. (62015)

CIS 94-647 Occupational exposure to inhalation anaesthetics: Metabolism, toxicity, monitoring. (Italian: Esposizione professionale ad anestetici per inalazione: Metabolismo, tossicità, monitoraggio) Imbriani M., Ghittori S., Pezzagno G., Capodaglio E., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1990. 95p + 20p. annex. Illus. 202 ref., ISBN 88-7830-035-7 (In Italian)

This review monograph covers the problems of occupational exposure to inhalation anaesthetics in a hospital setting. The principal substances concerned are enflurane (ethrane), halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide. Examined are: metabolism of these substances; health effects of exposure; environmental and biological monitoring; correlations between environmental and biological levels; environmental and biological exposure limits; health surveillance. In annex: technical notes on the determination in air and in urine of volatile anaesthetics; other chemical contaminants in the hospital environment; use of Equivalent Biological Limits in longitudinal studies. (62017)

CIS 94-648 Hazards of benzene. (Italian: Rischio da benzene) Pezzagno G., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1989. 170p. + 20p. annex. Illus. 138 ref., ISBN 88-7830-032-2 (In Italian)

This review monograph covers the problems of occupational exposure to benzene. It discusses: environmental and biological exposure limits; metabolism of biological monitoring of benzene exposure; results of epidemiological research on professionally exposed populations and evaluation of leukaemia risk; exposure to gasoline fumes and other petroleum products; non-occupational exposure to benzene (particularly in conjunction with smoking), some analytical techniques for the determination of benzene and its metabolites. (62018)

CIS 94-649 Methyl parathion. International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 244p. approx. 500 ref. Price: CHF 28.00 (CHF 19.60 developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157145-4 (In English)

Methyl parathion is a highly toxic organophosphorus ester insecticide. Overexposure through skin contact or inhalation during manufacture or use may cause severe or fatal poisoning; signs and symptoms are those characteristic of systemic poisoning by cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus compounds and may include effects on the central nervous system. Methyl parathion formulations are readily absorbed; hazardous exposures may occur without warning. It is not possible to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to methyl parathion. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (62091)

CIS 94-650 Percutaneous absorption. European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, 250 Avenue Louise (Bte. 63), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Aug. 1993. 80p. Illus. 215 ref. (In English)

This monograph reviews factors influencing the percutaneous absorption of chemicals. The effects on the absorption process of the physico-chemical properties of a chemical, the nature of the skin exposure, vehicles and variations in the physiological nature of the skin-site are presented. A variety of methods for measuring the percutaneous absorption are discussed and it is concluded that the most reliable data for predicting absorption through human skin come from human volunteer experiments. Recommendations are made for the presentation of data from percutaneous absorption studies and techniques are presented for the quantification of human dermal exposure. (62099)

CIS 94-651 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Leichnitz K., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 27 Ergänzungslieferung, Dec. 1993. 170p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-73287-3 (In German)

Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and antipollution laws, and for analysis of process gases. This installment follows that abstracted under CIS 93-1983. It includes the latest version of the German Ordinance on Dangerous Substances (Gefahrstoffverordnung), effective 1 Nov. 1993, and its Annexes I-IV: specifications for data sheets; classification and labelling of preparations and pesticides; labelling of certain substances, preparations and products; prohibitions of manufacture or use; special provisions for certain substances and activities; substances for which medical surveillance of exposed persons is required. (62113)

CIS 94-652 Guidelines for aid agencies on chemicals management. OECD Development Assistance Committee, Development Co-operation Directorate, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75016 Paris, France, 1993. 35p. (In English)

This guide proposes priority areas for development cooperation concerning hazardous chemicals. It applies to all types of chemicals and their products throughout their life cycle, from manufacture or import through handling and use to disposal. It mentions the operating procedures of aid agencies and tells how assistance related to chemicals management can be included in aid programmes and project selection procedures. It describes the types and design of projects most likely to increase the capability of recipient countries to manage chemicals, and deals with the assessment procedures needed to ensure that project proposals are screened for potential adverse effects from chemicals. (62133)

CIS 94-653 The toxicology of chemicals - 1. Carcinogenicity, Volume IV - Summary reviews of the scientific evidence. Aresini G., Draper M.H., Duffus J.H., van der Venne M.T., Commission of the European Communities, eds., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. viii, 187p. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 16.50., ISBN 92-826-5581-4 (In English)

This volume contains 42 reviews of the toxicology of metals, semi-metals and their inorganic compounds. An introductory chapter covers the structure of metals, the importance of certain metals in biological metabolic systems and some uses of inorganic metal compounds. In each review, the data are presented under the following headings: introduction; animal data; mutagenic, genotoxic and related information; human data; scientific conclusions; need for further work; references. (61851)

CIS 94-654 Surveillance while working with special category waste. Exposure control on special waste disposal sites. (German: Überwachungskonzepte bei der Sonderabfallentsorgung) Bauder R., Waldner-Sander S., Wölfle M., Urlaub G., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftverlag NW, Verlag für neuen Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 101110, 2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1992. x, 271p. Illus. 32 ref., ISBN 3-89429-187-7 (In German)

In the special waste disposal industry the handling of multi-component mixtures is a normal operation. The composition of these is often unknown or constantly changing. In order to avoid risks to health, the German Ordinance concerning Hazardous Substances (see CIS 92-18) provides monitoring of adherence to maximum or recommended levels. In the report it is shown that monitoring of the workplace in the field of special category waste disposal in accordance with the Technical Guidance Rules for Chemical Substances (TRGS 402 and 403) is only achievable in conjunction with considerable expenditure and does not allow any assessment of future exposure levels. Suitable monitoring concepts for each area of special category waste disposal, based essentially on preventive measures for minimizing exposure to hazardous substances, are examined. Monitoring is shown to be neither sufficient nor practical, and protection of the workers and preventive measures are necessary. Suggested guidelines for practical procedures are presented. Summaries in English and French. (61871)

CIS 94-655 Research into pesticide poisoning among agricultural labourers. (Spanish: Investigación sobre intoxicación de trabajadores agrícolas por plaguicidas) Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional, Ministerio de Previsión Social y Salud Pública, La Paz, Bolivia, 1990. 160p. Illus. 39 ref. (In Spanish)

In-depth study of the problem of pesticide poisoning in a developing country like Bolivia. After a survey of demographic, political, economic and health conditions in the country, the book describes the parameters of the study (extent of pesticide use in Bolivia, conditions of their use, epidemiology of poisoning, training and information of workers, methods for evaluating changes in cholinesterase activity and cellular damage in exposed workers, sample selection). Main problems encountered: low level of education and training among agricultural labourers; little use of protective equipment; unsafe storage and preparation practices; exposure of minors to pesticides; high risk of intoxication, as shown by lowered cholinesterase activity and incidence of cellular damage. Recommendations are made for an improvement of the situation. In annex: list of the principal pesticides used in Bolivia (with LD₅₀ and type noted); result of water quality assessments in various localities; list of prohibited pesticides in Bolivia; results of cytogenetic tests on the sample population. (61862)

CIS 94-656 Process safety: The path forward. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, Jan. 1994. 28p. Illus. (In English)

Annual report for 1993 of the Center for Chemical Process Safety, established by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1985 to help prevent catastrophic chemical accidents. The report details developments in the Center's publications, education, research projects and meetings. (61920)

CIS 94-657 Guidelines for engineering design for process safety. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1993. xxxii, 556p. Illus. 52 ref. Price: USD 140.00, US and Canada; USD 195.00 elsewhere., ISBN 0-8169-0565-7 (In English)

Process safety issues in the design of chemical, petrochemical and hydrocarbon processing plants are addressed. The goal is to prevent or mitigate the release of flammable or toxic materials leading to fire, explosion or environmental damage. A glossary and extensive list of abbreviations are followed by chapters entitled: introduction; inherently safer plants; plant design; equipment design; materials selection; piping systems; heat transfer fluid systems; thermal insulation; process monitoring and control; documentation; sources of ignition; electrical system hazards; deflagration and detonation; flame arresters; pressure relief systems; effluent disposal systems; fire protection; explosion protection. (62090)

CIS 94-658 COSHH - Making an assessment. Cherrie J.W., Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Roxburgh Place, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1993. 24p. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 1-873389-05-1 (In English)

This guide describes what is involved in carrying out a COSHH assessment and how to organize one within the workplace. Part 1 provides general guidance on assessments: legal requirements; persons competent to make an assessment; planning; identification of hazardous substances and who is exposed; monitoring and health surveillance; evaluation of health risks; assessment records. Part 2 presents a worked example of COSHH assessment for a single task using one hazardous substance. A sample assessment form is included. (61831)

CIS 94-659 Guidance note for the labelling of workplace substances. Worksafe Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Nov. 1991. vii, 57p. Illus. 13 ref., ISBN 0-644-12909-3 (In English)

This guidance note covers the labelling of all substances used at work; it does not apply to certain listed substances which are packed and sold as end use products. General requirements for labels are specified along with details of the information required on the labels of hazardous and non-hazardous substances. Also covered are labels for decanted substances, laboratory labels, revision of labels and containers found without correct labelling. Appendices list selected Commission of the European Communities risk and safety phrases and relevant criteria for their use in Australia. A glossary is included. (61834)

CIS 94-660 Packaging of dangerous substances for carriage by road. Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury C010 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 28p. 7 ref. Price: GBP 4.75., ISBN 0-11-886311-8 (In English)

This Code provides practical guidance on regulation 8 of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993 (CIS 93-1424) and is a revision of the Code entitled Packaging of dangerous substances for conveyance by road (see CIS 91-1318). Contents: introduction and scope; general recommendations; intermediate bulk containers (IBCs); suitable packagings for particular substances; suitable packagings for organic peroxides and self-reactive substances; comparison with international recommendations/rules. Tables include lists of currently assigned organic peroxides suitable for carriage in IBCs and currently assigned organic peroxides and self-reactive substances. (61849)

CIS 94-661 HTP values 1993. (Finnish: HTP-arvot 1993; Swedish: HTP-Värden 1993) Työministeriö, Julkaisumyynti, PL536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, 1993. 44p. 7 ref., ISBN 951-47-8096-5 (suo), ISBN 951-47-8343-3 (sve) (In Finnish, Swedish)

HTP-values (haitalliseksi tunnetut pitoisuudet) are the lowest concentrations of airborne chemicals in the workplace that could cause harm to workers. They are defined by the Finnish Ministry of Labour on the basis of published data, especially the criteria documents of the Nordic Expert Group, and take account of the European Commission's indicative exposure limits. The present list of about 420 entries replaces that of 1987, with 16 revised values and 10 new substances or groups. Absolute exposure limits are given separately for asbestos, benzene, lead, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and vinyl chloride. In annexes: conversion of ppm to mg/m³; calculation of average concentrations on the basis of periodic samples; evaluation of mixed exposures; synonyms; text of the Decision of the Council of State (No.920 of 8 Oct. 1992) defining HTP values, their methods of determination and their uses. (62034)

CIS 94-662 NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards (NPG). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Computer diskette version (3.5" or 5.25") available from: Industrial Hygiene Services, 941 Gardenview Office Parkway, St. Louis, Missouri 63141, USA. CD-ROM version available from: Micromedex, Inc., 600 Grant Street, Denver, Colorado 80203-3527, USA (TOMES® PLUS). (In English)

Computerized version of the information in the printed Guide, last analyzed as CIS 93-1296. The NPG is a source of general industrial hygiene information on hundreds of chemicals. It is presented in abbreviated tabular form, with classification according to chemicals and compound classes (e.g. cyanides, fluorides etc.). Main data types included are: chemical structures and formulas, identification codes, synonyms, exposure limits, chemical and physical properties, incompatibilities, reactivity, measurement methods, appropriate respirators, exposure signs and symptoms, emergency treatment. (62166)

CIS 94-663 NIOSH manual of analytical methods (NMAM). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), WindowChem® Software, 1955 West Texas, Suite 7-288, Fairfield, CA 94533, USA. Computer diskette (3.5" or 5.25", requires Microsoft® Windows^TM). (In English)

Computerized version of the information in the printed Manual, last analyzed as CIS 86-1014. The NMAM is a compilation of methods (sometimes more than one for the same substance) for the sampling and analysis of contaminants of workplace air, and in the blood and urine of workers exposed to them. These methods have been developed specifically to have adequate sensitivity to detect low concentrations and at the same time to detect concentrations exceeding safe levels of exposure (OSHA regulations and NIOSH recommendations). Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) of ACGIH are also given. The methods have been evaluated according to established experimental protocol and evaluation criteria. Information is also included on: quality assurance, strategies for sampling of airborne substances, portable direct-reading instruments. (62168)

CIS 94-664 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1971-. Available on-line (hosts: STN® International, Chemical Information Systems Inc., Dialog, National Library of Medicine - TOXNET), on CD-ROM (CCOHS's CCINFO Disc "C2", Micromedex's TOMES^TM PLUS, SilverPlatter's CHEM-BANK^TM, Worksafe Australia's Worksafe-Disc^TM) and on computer tape (from NIOSH). (In English)

Constantly updated factual database consisting of toxicological data on approx. 120,000 chemicals. The information is compiled by NIOSH from publicity available scientific literature. Data are arranged by prime chemical name. Six types of toxicity information are provided: primary irritation; mutagenicity; reproductive effects; tumorigenicity; acute toxicity; other multiple-dose toxicity. Specific toxic concentration values (LD₅₀, LC₅₀, TD_L0, and TC_L0), together with species studied and route of administration, are given when available. All citations are given with their bibliographic source. The information in the database is also available in printed format. (62169)

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CIS 94-665 Fire safety in tanneries. Nityananda T.S., Loss Prevention News, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.15, No.2, p.3-7. Illus. (In English)

Description of the tanning process as conducted in Indian factories. Much of the process involves wet conditions, so the overall risk of fire should be low. Documentation of the industry is scanty, but there seems to have been no loss of life due to fire or explosion in any tannery in India. However, examination of the fire extinguisher refilling record of one large tannery showed that extinguishers had been used on 30 occasions in two years, so risk is not totally absent. Dust, flammable chemicals, electrical equipment, combustible fuels and welding sparks are particular hazards. Extinguishing equipment and fire safety training are inadequate in many tanneries. (61938)

CIS 94-666 Experimental study of the dispersion of reaction inhibitors in storage tanks. (German: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ausbreitung von Reaktionsstoppern in Lagertanks) Renz R., Mewes D., Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, June 1992, Vol.64, No.6, p.565-567. Illus. 7 ref. (In German)

Highly reactive liquid substances are stored in refrigerated tanks or tanks equipped with agitators to prevent unwanted reactions. In case of failure of the cooling system or the agitator, a reaction inhibitor is injected. The influence of the viscosity of the liquid in a storage tank on the dispersion of inhibitor was determined by experiments and mathematical simulation. Cylindrical tanks of various size and nozzle arrangements were studied. The results are shown in diagrams. They will enable designers to place injectors so as to ensure a uniformly adequate concentration of inhibitors in tanks. (62030)

CIS 94-667 Development of an emergency contingency plan for industrial major accidents - Scheme to be applied by medical and rescue teams in case of major accidents. (French: Mise au point d'un plan d'urgence en cas de catastrophe en milieu industriel - Projet d'organisation des secours médicaux en cas de catastrophe) Decuyper L., Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1992, Vol.29, No.2, p.81-83. 3 ref. (In French)

Description of an emergency contingency plan to be deployed in case of major industrial accidents. This plan, which incorporates both safety and emergency medical care, includes an organization scheme for medical and rescue teams. Summary in Dutch. (62128)

CIS 94-668 What went wrong? Case histories of process plant disasters. Kletz T.A., Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division, P.O. Box 2608, Houston, Texas 77252-2608, USA, 2nd ed. 1988. xvii, 238p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-87201-919-5 (In English)

Reports of process plant accidents are presented to illustrate what went wrong in the past and to suggest how similar incidents might be prevented in the future. Incidents are described under the following headings: preparation for maintenance; modifications; accidents caused by human error; labelling; storage tanks; stacks; leaks; liquefied flammable gases; pipe and vessel failures; other equipment; entry to vessels; hazards of common materials; tank trucks and cars; testing of trip controls and other protective systems; static electricity; materials of construction; operating methods; reverse flow and other unforeseen deviations; problems with computer control. (61872)

CIS 94-669 Bhopal: industrial genocide?. ARENA Press, Rm A4, Blk G, 2/F, Hung Hom Bay Centre, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Mar. 1985. 222p. Illus., ISBN 962-7156-01-9 (In English)

This book contains a compilation of documents from Indian publications on the Bhopal chemical plant disaster. Topics covered: alleged government indifference and union appeals for improved safety measures at the plant; investigations into causes of the pressure build-up leading to the release of methyl isocyanate; plant design deficiencies and other factors underlying the multiple failures that led to the accident; profile of the plant owners, Union Carbide, and suggestions of dubious practices; culpability of the government and Union Carbide; multinationals in developing countries; biological and environmental effects of methyl isocyanate; pesticide hazards; legal issues arising out of the disaster; lessons for the future. (61896)

CIS 94-670 The lessons of Bhopal. Abraham M., International Organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, P.O. Box 1045, Penang, Malaysia, Sep. 1985. iv, 151p. 150 ref., ISBN 967-9973-04-2 (In English)

This book addresses issues raised by the Bhopal disaster and provides a resource manual for community action to prevent similar accidents or limit their consequences. Contents: the Bhopal tragedy and its aftermath; response of governments, industry, international agencies and community action groups; policy issues; conclusions; prevention of future Bhopals. Appendices include: profile of methyl isocyanate; unregulated air toxins identified by the chemical industry; statements and guidelines on controlling chemical hazards issued by various organizations following the disaster (OECD, World Bank and IFC, UNEP, ILO); FAO code of conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides. (61940)

CIS 94-671 Explosives at coal and other safety-lamp mines. Coal and Other Safety-Lamp Mines (Explosives) Regulations 1993. Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 48p. Illus. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-11-882177-6 (In English)

This Code of Practice gives practical guidance with respect to the Coal and Other Safety-lamp Mines (Explosives) Regulations 1993 and to sections 2-4 and 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 in so far as they relate to explosives at coal and other safety-lamp mines. Contents: interpretation and applications; appointment of shotfirers and trainee shotfirers; materials and equipment; safety and security of explosives and detonators (handling and use, manager's duties, movement of explosives/detonators, control of explosives/detonators and their containers); shotfiring procedures; application to barriers; general provisions. (61850)

CIS 94-672 Fire precautions at petroleum refineries and bulk storage installations. Institute of Petroleum, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester PO22 9SA, West Sussex, United Kingdom, Oct. 1993. vii, 84p. Price: GBP 65.00., ISBN 0-471-94328-2 (In English)

Contents of this Code of Practice: petroleum products and combustion; site evaluation for fire defence; fire prevention at the design stage (control of ignition sources; good operating and maintenance practice); fire protection by passive measures (insulation) and actively (foam or water spray); fire detection (selection and location of equipment to detect flame, heat or smoke); fire systems (selection of extinguishing media appropriate to the fire risk; equipment for fixed and mobile fire fighting systems); fire fighting facilities in storage area; fire fighting (setting up of a fire plan and organization of emergency procedures). Other codes of practice and standards are listed. Glossary of terms. (61878)

CIS 94-673 Approved Code of Practice for the prevention, detection and control of fire and explosion in New Zealand dairy industry spray drying plant. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1993. 63p. Illus. 9 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03470-5 (In English)

Contents of this revised Code of Practice (see CIS 90-975 for previous edition): application of the Code and related legislation in New Zealand; hazards and their prevention (sources of ignition, processing and electrical equipment, management responsibilities); explosion protection; fire control and protection. In appendices: explosion test methods; operator's checklist; examples of permit-to-work systems; explosion suppression; drying in an inert gas atmosphere. (61865)

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CIS 94-674 Deadly rescue: The confined space hazard. Suruda A.J., Pettit T.A., Noonan G.P., Ronk R.M., Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jan. 1994, Vol.36, No.1, p.45-53. 19 ref. (In English)

Two sources of data on work-related fatalities in the USA were used to examine confined-space related deaths. During the period 1980-1988, there was an average of 89 work-related deaths in confined spaces per year; approximately 23 (25.5%) of those who died were attempting rescue, with asphyxiation by atmospheric hazards being the primary cause of death. Those persons who were attempting rescue and died were more likely to be co-workers than safety or emergency personnel. Proper training of personnel is required along with the availability of specialized equipment; safety personnel should be familiar with confined space hazards and the use of appropriate rescue techniques. (62082)

CIS 94-675 Vibration control of hammer drills. (German: Vibrationsminderung an Schlagbohrmaschinen) Elektro-Handel, July-Aug. 1992, Vol.37, No.7-8, p. 56, 59, 61-62. Illus. (In German)

To reduce hand-arm vibrations during manual rock drilling with a hammer drill the rate of revolution of the drill bit was optimized. In addition, an enclosure was designed with shock absorbers sandwiched in between its outer and inner wall. Vibrations on the hand-arm system were reduced by 30 to 50% without lowering the performance of the hammer drill. (61898)

CIS 94-676 Assessment of the proposed Draft American National Standard Method for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs. Adera T., Donahue A.M., Malit B.D., Gaydos J.C., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.568-573. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

Using audiometric data, this study assessed the Draft American National Standard ANSI S12.13-1991 (DANS) method for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programmes by comparing it against a standard epidemiologic method. Although the hearing conservation programme of the study population was rated as "acceptable" (scale: acceptable, marginal, unacceptable) using the DANS method, the epidemiologic method found a 130% increased risk of hearing loss (relative risk (RR) = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8-6.5). In addition, study workers who were excluded from analyses for failing to comply with the DANS criteria were at a significantly increased risk of hearing loss (RR = 9.1, 95% CI = 3.4-24.2). These data indicate that the DANS method may overestimate the effectiveness of hearing conservation programme and systematically exclude workers at high risk of hearing loss from analyses. (62043)

CIS 94-677 The correlation of subjective response data with measured noise indices of low frequency modulated noise. Laux P.C., Davies P., Long G.R., Noise Control Engineering Journal, May-June 1993, Vol.40, No.3, p.241-253. 26 ref. (In English)

In a subjective rating experiment, subjects were presented with pairs of low frequency modulated noise signals and asked to select which signal was more annoying. These responses were used to construct an annoyance rating scale. Comparison with existing measuring and modelling techniques showed that some recently developed models are more highly correlated to subjective response data than are the more commonly used noise measurement techniques. Additionally, increased correlation to subjective response data can be achieved by including the duration of the modulated signal as a variable in the models that predict annoyance. (62140)

CIS 94-678 Hand-arm vibration risk and cumulative trauma disorders in the shoe manufacturing industry - A case report. (Italian: Rischio da vibrazioni al sistema mano-braccio e cumulative trauma disorders nel settore calzaturiero - Descrizione di un caso clinico) Delbianco M., Olivetti G., De Donato S.R., Ricciotti M., Campana A., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.306-310. Illus. 18 ref. (In Italian)

Report on the case of a woman working in a shoe factory who had been using vibrating tools for five years. Because of paraesthesia in her left hand, she underwent various diagnostic trials that revealed an initial carpal-tunnel syndrome of the left wrist and a homolateral epicondylitis. Measurement of the vibrations transmitted to the hand from the vibrating tool confirmed the probability of a high risk of exposure for the hand-arm system. Such adverse effects are also known as "cumulative trauma disorders". The importance of further studies aimed at estimating the type and degree of exposure to vibrations in shoe manufacturing workers is stressed. (62163)

CIS 94-679 The relationship between ciliary muscle fatigue and the type of artificial light used to illuminate the area of visual work. Leśnik H., Poborc-Godlewska J., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.3, p.287-292. 15 ref. (In English)

The relationship between the degree of eye fatigue resulting from visual work and type of light source used to illuminate the field of work was assessed. The tests were performed using artificial light sources: fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps, high pressure mercury (vapour) and high pressure sodium (vapour) lamps. The assessment was performed on two groups of 10 women each, of which one included women without, and the other with, refraction errors. On the basis of changes of nearer vision point and dispersing lens tolerance, it was found that sodium light produced the highest visual fatigue in the test women, especially in those with refraction errors. (61933)

CIS 94-680 Heat stress and helicopter pilot errors. Froom P., Caine Y., Shochat I., Ribak J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.720-724. 40 ref. (In English)

Helicopter pilots are subjected to degrees of heat stress that under laboratory conditions results in decreased performance. However, the effect of heat stress on the frequency of helicopter pilot errors is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between ambient heat stress and pilot error. A dose-response relationship was found between ambient heat stress and pilot error in Israel military helicopter pilots. This is the first study outside the laboratory showing a connection between heat stress and accidents due to human error. Further studies are required to substantiate these findings and to determine whether extrapolation to other settings is warranted. (62080)

CIS 94-681 Ultraviolet radiation emitted by tungsten halogen lamps. (German: Ultraviolett-Strahlung von Halogen-Glühlampen) Amtliche Mitteilungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Jan. 1992, No.1, p.4-6. Ilus. 8 ref. (In German)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage the eye (cataract, conjunctivitis) and the skin (erythema, cancer). Published values for the UV emission of different models of tungsten halogen lamps show that some of them can expose users to levels above typical exposure limits at distances less than 1m. Excessive exposure can be prevented by fitting the lamps with screens or by mounting them more than 1m from potentially exposed persons. (62026)

CIS 94-682 A study of thorium exposure during tungsten inert gas welding in an airline engineering population. McElearney N., Irvine D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1993, Vol.35, No.7, p.707-711. 18 ref. (In English)

To investigate the theoretic possibility of an excessive exposure to thorium during the process of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding using thorinated rods a cross-sectional study was carried out of TIG welders, non TIG welders and controls. No excess morbidity was found either among the TIG welders or the controls. The internal radiation doses were estimated at less than an annual level of acceptable intake in all cases. Some additional precautionary measures are suggested to reduce further any potential hazard from this process. (62077)

CIS 94-683 Electromagnetic compatibility - An indispensable requirement for safety reasons as well. (German: Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) - auch sicherheitstechnisch unerlässlich!) Irresberger G., Sicherheitsingenieur, 1991, Vol.22, No.6, p.20-24. Illus. (In German)

The effects of electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of radio stations and radio transmitters on traffic are illustrated by some research results. For example, truck accidents caused by loss of control during brake application could be traced to a radio transmitter in a passing car. The electromagnetic field of the radio transmitter interfered with the electronically controlled brakes of the truck. A Faraday cage installed on the motorway outside Saarbrücken, Germany, is described. Its purpose is to shield off the electromagnetic field produced by a 1200kW radio station in the vicinity. (62119)

CIS 94-684 Disorders induced by work with hand-held vibrating tools. (Swedish: Skador och besvär av arbete med handhållna vibrerande maskiner) Gemne G., Lundström R., Hansson J.E., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 83p. 232 ref. Index., ISBN 91-7045-209-1 (In English, Swedish)

Topics covered in this literature survey: occupational exposure to hand-arm vibration; current disorders among workers in Sweden; symptomatology and pathophysiology of hand-arm vibration syndrome; studies of the quantitative relationship between vibration exposure and the occurrence of disorders; standards; risk evaluation models; exposure reduction. On the basis of current knowledge, it is concluded that no general quantitative relationships exist between vibration exposure and the occurrence of injury which would permit the establishment of threshold limit values. Exposure reduction should be aimed at through selection of tools with lower acceleration levels and through technical measures and medical surveillance. (61981)

CIS 94-685 Electromagnetic fields (300Hz to 300GHz). International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 290p. approx. 600 ref. Price: CHF 34.00 (in developing countries: CHF 23.80)., ISBN 92-4-157137-3 (In English)

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields in the frequency range of 300Hz to 300GHz, here defined as the radiofrequency (RF) range. The following categories of health hazards have been identified in an overall assessment of the health hazards associated with RF exposures: the deposition of RF energy in the body tends to increase body temperature; under a number of conditions, the thresholds for biological effects at frequencies above several hundred MHz are decreased when the energy is delivered in short (1-10µs) pulses; there is no evidence that RF exposure is in any way carcinogenic in humans; touching an object charged in an RF field may lead to shock and burns. Occupational exposure limits recommended by IRPA are reported on (whole-body exposure to RF fields should not exceed 0.4W/kg), and protective measures outlined (engineering and administrative controls, personal protection, medical surveillance). Glossary. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (61821)

CIS 94-686 Radiation Protection Programme. Progress report 1990-1991. (French: Programme de radioprotection. Rapport d'activité 1990-1991) Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. xix, 1571p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 100.00., ISBN 92-826-6199-7 (In English, French, German)

Seven progress reports are presented grouped according to the content of the new programme which has three main areas: human exposure to radiation and radioactivity (measurement of radiation dose and its interpretation; transfer and behaviour of radionuclides in the environment); consequences of radiation exposure to man - assessment, prevention and treatment (stochastic and non-stochastic effects of radiation; radiation effects on the developing organism); risks and management of exposure (assessment of human exposure and risk; organization and management of radiation protection). Each report presents an overview of the progress achieved in the group followed by the individual results from each of the group members. (61825)

CIS 94-687 Occupational, public and medical exposure. National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 80p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-361-0 (In English)

Guidance is given on the 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) concerning occupational, public and medical exposure to radiation. In the area of occupational exposure, particular attention is given to the principle of optimization of protection. Guidance covers the meaning and use of dose constraints and investigation levels, the designation of working areas, personal monitoring, medical surveillance, occupational exposure of women, occupational exposure to natural sources, limitation of exposure in emergencies and control of potential exposures. (61833)

CIS 94-688 Handbook of engineering control methods for occupational radiation protection. Orn M.K., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632, USA, 1992. Available from: Simon and Schuster International Group, Campus 4000, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP2 7EZ, United Kingdom. xv, 221p. Illus. about 125 ref. Index. Price: USD 77.30., ISBN 0-13-173931-X (In English)

This handbook addresses the application of ionizing and non-ionizing protection standards and the quantitative methods for evaluating and designing engineering controls to meet those standards. Part 1 covers ionizing radiation: physical characteristics and units of measure; biological effects; standards of protection; control of external and internal radiation exposures. Part 2 covers the characteristics, biological effects, standards of protection and control methods for non-ionizing radiation (microwave and radiofrequency radiation, optical frequency radiation, extremely low-frequency radiation, laser radiation and magnetic fields). (62081)

CIS 94-689 Your guide to an effective hearing conservation programme. Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour, 18 Havelock Road #05-01, Singapore 0105, no date. 42p. Illus., ISBN 9971-915-39-1 (In English)

Contents of this guide: objectives and components of a hearing conservation programme; deciding when a hearing conservation programme is needed; noise measurement and evaluation; noise control measures; selection, provision and usage of personal hearing protectors; medical examinations and record-keeping; training and education of workers. Appendices include maximum permissible exposure duration for different noise levels, an example of a company policy for a hearing conservation programme and examples of medical examination report forms. (61866)

CIS 94-690 Occupational noise: National Standard and National Code of Practice. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Sep. 1993. viii, 47p. 35 ref., ISBN 0-644-32190-3 (In English)

This national standard specifies that the standard for maximum exposure to noise in the occupational environment is an 8h equivalent sound pressure level of 85dB(A); the peak noise level is 140dB(lin). The accompanying code of practice for noise management and protection of hearing at work provides practical guidance on how this standard can be achieved. Contents: scope and definitions; general principles and responsibilities; noise control planning; engineering and administrative noise control measures; personal hearing protectors; training and education; noise assessments; audiometric testing. (61874)

CIS 94-691 Climate and air quality in the workplace. (Norwegian: Klima og luftkvalitet p@a6 arbeidsplassen) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 1991. 46p. Illus. 22 ref. Index. (In Norwegian)

This new, retitled, edition of the directive describes the physical factors that determine indoor air climate and air quality. Main subjects covered: impact of microclimate on health; well-being and work ability; air quality; appropriate selection of construction materials; ventilation, energy-saving measures and ambient temperature. Guidelines on how to design indoor air climate in the construction process are given. A brief survey of relevant Norwegian legislation is provided. The previous edition of this directive was Climate and ventilation of indoor workplaces (CIS 90-1429). (61840)

CIS 94-692 Protection of outside workers against ionising radiations: Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 22p. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0681-3 (In English)

This approved Code of Practice gives practical guidance with respect to the Ionising Radiations (Outside Workers) Regulations 1993 (see CIS 94-19). These regulations concern operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionizing radiation during their activities in controlled areas. Contents: interpretation and application of the regulations; duties of the outside undertaking (arrangements for information exchange and training, dose assessments); provision and updating of radiation passbooks; duties of the operator (ensuring suitability of outside workers, dose estimation); duties of the outside worker. (61859)

CIS 94-693 Visual display units: Radiation protection guidance. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. viii, 53p. Illus. 93 ref. Price: CHF 15.00., ISBN 92-2-108262-8 (In English)

This ILO publication provides an overview of knowledge concerning radiation issues of work with visual display units (VDUs). Contents: principles of VDU construction; types, sources, measurements and levels of electromagnetic fields from VDUs; assessment of exposure and laboratory studies; health effects and human studies; organization of prevention and control measures. In appendix: statement of the IRCA Committee concerning alleged radiation risks from VDUs. As an overall conclusion based on current biomedical knowledge, it is stated that there are no health hazards associated with electromagnetic radiation or fields from VDUs. Further research is recommended, however, in particular in order to find out whether some skin complaints might be related to VDU work, and whether there might exist interactions between low-frequency magnetic fields and biological systems. (61864)

CIS 94-694 Radiation protection data sheets for the use of radionuclides in unsealed sources. (French: Fiches techniques de radioprotection pour l'utilisation de radionucléides en sources non scellées) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, Note No.1930-151-93, p.321-326. (In French)

These radiation protection data sheets are intended for supervisors and staff in the medical, hospital, pharmaceutical, university and industrial laboratories and departments where radionuclides are handled, and also for all those involved in safety and health at work in this field. They provide essential data on radiation protection measures during the use of radionuclides in unsealed sources. The first seven data sheets published here cover tritium, carbon-14, phosphorus-32, strontium-90 - yttrium-90, iodine-125, iodine-131 and americium-241. (62002)

CIS 94-695 Tritium. (French: Tritium) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.323-324. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using tritium as an unsealed radioactive source, including: group of radiotoxicity: 4 (low radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when tritium alone is used: "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 9.10⁹Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used); selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (type of gloves to be used)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incidents. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62003)

CIS 94-696 Carbon 14. (French: Carbone 14) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.325-326. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using carbon 14 as an unsealed radioactive source, including: group of radiotoxicity: 3 (moderate radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when carbon 14 alone is used; "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 27.10⁷Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (efficiency of screens and gloves)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62004)

CIS 94-697 Phosphorus 32. (French: Phosphore 32) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.327-328. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using phosphorus 32 as an unsealed radioactive source, including: group of radiotoxicity; 3 (moderate radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when phosphorus 32 alone is used; "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 37.10⁶Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (type of screen and gloves to be used)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62005)

CIS 94-698 Strontium 90 - Yttrium 90. (French: Strontium 90 - Yttrium 90) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.329-330. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using strontium 90 and yttrium 90 as unsealed radioactive sources, including: group of radiotoxicity: 2 (high radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when strontium 90 or yttrium 90 alone are used: "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 3.10⁵Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (type of screen and gloves to be used)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62006)

CIS 94-699 Iodine 125. (French: Iode 125) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.331-332. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using iodine 125 as an unsealed source, including: group of radiotoxicity: 2 (high radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when iodine 125 alone is used: "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 6.10⁶Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (type of screen; efficiency of gloves)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62007)

CIS 94-700 Iodine 131. (French: Iode 131) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.333-334. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using iodine 131 as an unsealed source, including: group of radiotoxicity: 2 (high radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when iodine 131 alone is used: "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 3.10⁶Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (type of screen; efficiency of gloves)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62008)

CIS 94-701 Americium 241. (French: Américium 241) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1993, No.151, p.335-336. 6 ref. Also available from: SCPRI, B.P. 35, 78110 Le Vésinet, France. (In French)

This safety data sheet lists all basic information necessary for the implementation of radiation protection when using americium 241 as an unsealed source, including: group of radiotoxicity: 1 (very high radiotoxicity); skin exposure; classification of premises in controlled areas: 1. when americium 241 alone is used: "A" activity (authorized for storage) at which level a controlled area must be provided is of 600Bq; 2. when several radioelements are used: A≥3LAIj (LAIj representing the annual most restrictive limit of absorption of the j radioelement among radioelements actually or potentially used; selection of equipment (reference values and means of protection (efficiency of screens and gloves)); surveillance of personnel; waste disposal; measures to be taken in case of incident. Relevant French legislation is referred to. (62009)

CIS 94-702 Safety in the design and use of gamma and electron irradiation facilities. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 25p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 4.25., ISBN 0-7176-0647-3 (In English)

This guidance covers principally the requirements of the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 (see CIS 89-1100) and the associated Approved Code of Practice. Contents: introduction (uses of gamma and electron emitting processes, restriction of exposure by shielding, radionuclides used); legislative background; administrative arrangements (notification of work with ionizing radiation, appointment of a radiation protection adviser, staff training, control of radioactive substances, classification of workers and medical supervision, monitoring radiation); assessments of hazards; local rules and contingency planning; general matters (purchase of radioactive sources, ancillary equipment); electron beam machines. (62010)

CIS 94-703 The use of lasers in the workplace - A practical guide. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1993. ix, 60p. Illus. Appendices. 33 ref. Price: CHF 17.50., ISBN 92-2-108260-1 (In English)

This ILO publication is one of a series of practical guides on occupational hazards arising from non-ionizing radiation providing basic knowledge of issues concerning the use of lasers in the workplace. The following topics are covered: characteristics of laser radiation; the biological and health effects; occupationally related exposure type and effects; hazard evaluation; instrumentation and measurement techniques; occupational exposure limits and safety standards; control of and protection from exposure to laser radiation; and the principles of an administrative structure needed to ensure laser safety in workplaces. Glossary. (62092)

CIS 94-704 Protection of workers from power frequency electric and magnetic fields - A practical guide. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1994. x, 81p. Illus. Appendices. 113 ref. Price: CHF 20.00., ISBN 92-2-108261-X (In English)

This ILO publication comprises a review of data on the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields on biological systems pertinent to the evaluation of health risks for workers. It provides information on the possible effects of exposure to 50/60Hz electric and magnetic fields on human health and gives guidance on the assessment of risks from occupational exposure. Areas in which uncertainties exist and further research is needed are also indicated. Biological effects of ELF electric and magnetic fields and national exposure standards are presented in appendices. Glossary. (62093)

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CIS 94-705 Analysis of eye movements in different tasks related to the use of lift trucks. Hella F., Tisserand M., Schouller J.F., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1991, Vol.22, No.2, p.101-110. 23 ref. (In English)

Fork-lift trucks are frequently involved in industrial injuries that happened during driving. Insufficient visibility is one of the leading causes of occurrence of these accidents. A previous study (Hella et al, 1988; CIS 89-1031) showed that ±75mm is the maximal amplitude of head movements recorded to avoid the mast. However, very little is known about the areas of the forward field of view that are most frequently fixated by the eye. This article presents the results of two analyses of eye fixations during several driving situations of a lift truck that could provide a wealth of useful information for designers and for standardization. The information it contains is also of interest in analysing visibility from all industrial vehicles. (62144)

CIS 94-706 Perils of uncontrolled maintenance. James D.W.B., Industrial Safety Data File, Nov. 1993, p.D:32:6:1-D:32:6:4. (In English)

Case studies are used to illustrate the need for properly planned maintenance, including a supervisory check on the safety measures prescribed immediately before the work begins. The incidents described involve: near asphyxiation during repair of a nitrogen vessel at a refinery; trapping of a fitter's foot in a vessel containing a rotating central shaft; near asphyxiation in a slurry vessel; near trapping of a worker's hand in a bucket elevator; fatal accident involving a drive-belt system. (61983)

CIS 94-707 Types of risks in the operation of tower cranes. (German: Risiko-Typen beim Betrieb von Turmdrehkranen) Sinay J., Hebezeuge und Fördermittel, Feb. 1992, Vol.32, No.2, p.58-63. Illus. 9 ref. (In German)

From accident records collected in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1980 and 1988 the types and causes of accidents in which tower cranes were involved were identified. Assembling and disassembling of tower cranes was found to lead most frequently to severe accidents. Failure of safety devices ranked second and breaking apart of the weight-carrying parts through faulty welding ranked third. (61897)

CIS 94-708 Safe use of belt conveyors in mines. Topic report. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. 43p. Illus. 3 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-0640-0 (In English)

This report examines and reviews the safety of belt conveyor operations and recommends where safety could be improved. While accident analysis is based on the use of belt conveyors below ground in coal mines, the majority of the recommendations are applicable to other uses. Contents: use of belt conveyors in coal mines; legislation and British Coal Corporation standards; review of accidents and dangerous occurrences (including statistics for the period 1986-1991); specific hazards (man-riding hazards, nip-point hazards, stored energy); training; conclusions and recommendations. (61880)

CIS 94-709 Railway safety - Report on the safety record of the railways in Great Britain during 1992/93. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 72p. Illus. Price: GBP 11.00., ISBN 0-7176-0651-1 (In English)

This report provides statistics on and reviews causes of different types of accidents on the railways. These include: accidents to passengers, staff and others; train accidents (collisions and derailments); accidents at level crossings; fires; equipment failure; accidents involving minor railways, light rapid transit systems and London Underground. Other chapters cover the activities of the Railway Inspectorate and an overview of health and safety at work. (61860)

CIS 94-710 Working and traffic safety in road freight transportation on a deregulated market. Baum H., Herion E., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 71p. Illus. 54 ref. Price: DEM 18.00., ISBN 3-89429-284-9 (In English)

From an analysis of traffic accident statistics for united Germany, it is concluded that the accident risk of truck drivers is significantly higher in former East Germany than in the original Federal Republic. Poor road conditions and an average vehicle age of 17 to 18.5 years (depending on type), as compared with 6.8 to 8.9 years in West Germany, are the main contributing factors. In addition, competition has led to long hours at the wheel without rest. Measures to prevent accidents include more transport of hazardous materials by rail and water and better training of drivers. Summaries in English, French and German. (62025)

CIS 94-711 The prevention of inrushes in mines. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 32p. Illus. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-0620-1 (In English)

This approved Code of Practice gives practical guidance with respect to two sets of Regulations: the Mines (Precautions against Inrushes) Regulations 1979 (the legal framework; risk assessment; duties of the owner, manager and surveyor; procedures and schemes of work to prevent inrushes); and Parts II and VI of the Management and Administration of Safety and Health at Mines Regulations 1993 (general duties of the owner of the mine; appointment and duties of surveyors; working plans, ventilation plans and geological map; facilities and information to be given to the surveyor; plans relating to abandoned mines or discontinued seams and vein-systems; faulty plans). (61918)

CIS 94-712 Safety rules applicable to machines, installations and tools used in slaughterhouses. (German: Sicherheitsregeln für Maschinen, Anlagen und Geräte in Schlachthöfen und Schlachthäusern) Hauptvervand der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, Oct. 1993. 39p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

Contents: 1. Scope; 2. Definitions; 3. General provisions; 4. Construction of premises and equipment: A. General provisions (labelling, starting, hot surfaces, braking and lock-out devices, hand-guided machines and tools, cleaning); B. Provisions applicable to specific types of animals including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, wild animals raised on farms and Equidae (cutting tools for horns and hooves, hairing and hide-stripping equipment, etc.); C. General provisions for offal; D. Provisions applicable to poultry slaughtering; E. Provisions relating to cattle transport; 5. Operation (supervision, protective equipment, cleaning); 6. Inspections: electrical and gas installations, pressure vessels; 7. Entry into force. Appendix: relevant German legislation and regulations. (62022)

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CIS 94-713 Inhibition and enhancement in the analysis of airborne endotoxin levels in various occupational environments. Hollander A., Heederik D., Versloot P., Douwes J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1993, Vol.54, No.11, p.647-653. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

Inhibition and enhancement effects on the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay were studied in a series of endotoxin exposure samples from various occupational environments. Results showed that inhibition and enhancement occurred in some examples, leading to respective underestimation and overestimation of the endotoxin concentration. When inhibition or enhancement is present, large differences in endotoxin concentration may be found, depending on the dilution at which the sample is analyzed. False conclusions about exposure levels and their potential health effects might be introduced. It is recommended that quality control procedures need to become standard practice when endotoxins are analyzed in occupational environments and development of a validated, generally accepted protocol should be encouraged. (62105)

CIS 94-714 Toxic marine and freshwater algae: An occupational hazard?. Baxter P.J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.505-506. 14 ref. (In English)

Editorial on the need for an investigation of hazards due to exposure (skin contact, ingestion) to toxic marine and freshwater algae. Occupations at risk include teachers of water sports, cleaners and maintainers of canals and rivers, water quality testers, park wardens and fish farmers. (61852)

CIS 94-715 Muco-cutaneous candidosis and occupational exposure to enzymes - A case report. (Italian: Candidosi mucocutanea nella esposizione ad agenti biologici - Un caso clinico) Magnavita N., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1993, Vol.84, No.3, p.243-248. 25 réf. (In Italian)

Candida albicans, a common yeast in the environment, has properties allowing it to colonize and invade host tissues, often resisting eradication. Acid proteinase is the virulence factor. Bacterial proteinases are widely used in the detergent industry and the role of occupational exposure to enzymes in the development of muco-cutaneous candidosis warrants investigation. A case of candidosis is reported in a worker employed in a detergent factory in whom there was no evidence of any kind of immuno-suppression. The relationship between occupational exposure and illness is analyzed. (62155)

CIS 94-716 Streptococcus suis meningitis: A severe noncompensated occupational disease. (French: Méningite à Streptococcus suis: une maladie professionnelle grave non indemnisable) Vignon M., Dupas D., Géraut C., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.6, p.487-494. 40 ref. (In French)

French version of article published in English in the Journal of Occupational Medicine and abstracted under CIS 93-2072. Meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis type 2, a rare disease first recognized in 1968 (108 cases worldwide in 1989), is contracted by occupational exposure to pigs and often results in very severe disabilities (definitive deafness and ataxia in 50% of cases). The case of an employee in a rendering plant whose initial symptom was deafness is reported. A detailed analysis of medical and veterinary literature is provided concerning the epidemiology of the disease, the clinical forms in man, bacteriological diagnosis and the role of the pig as a healthy carrier. It is recommended that this occupational disease be officially recognized for compensation in France. (61906)

CIS 94-717 Microorganisms: Bioaerosols in the food and beverage industry. (French: Microorganismes - Les bioaérosols dans le secteur des aliments et des boissons) Lavoie J., Travail et santé, Dec. 1993, Vol.9, No.4, p.45-47. 17 ref. (In French)

The hazards (allergies, infections) due to bioaerosols in the workplace are surveyed. In the food and beverage industry the principal sources of bioaerosols are meat (leptospirosis, brucellosis), grains and other vegetable matter (endotoxins, moulds), and ventilation systems (bacteria). A table summarizes the information on the main types of bioaerosols that may be present in indoor industrial environments. (61907)

CIS 94-718 Is chlamydia still an important pathogen to man? A case study. (German: Chlamydien als Infektionserreger für den Menschen noch von Bedeutung? Eine Fallbeschreibung) Müller E., Wittig M., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Apr. 1991, Vol.26, No.4, p.153-156. 18 ref. (In German)

A case of interstitial pneumonia was traced to Chlamydia ovis as causative agent. A female patient had worked three weeks before the outbreak of the disease on a temporary basis in a laboratory where chicken eggs were inoculated with Chlamydia ovis for producing a vaccine against the pathogen. Symptoms and treatment are described. A literature survey of known cases of infections with Chlamidiaceae reveals among other things birds and cattle as carriers of the pathogen. The importance of work history, serum diagnosis and chest radiography is stressed. (62028)

CIS 94-719 Laboratory-acquired infections. Collins C.H., Butterworth-Heinemann, Lineacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 3rd edition, 1993. xi, 274p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 0-7506-0642-8 (In English)

Contents of this manual: the nature and occurrence of laboratory-acquired infections and how they are acquired; classification of microorganisms on the basis of hazard and laboratories on the basis of use; minimizing equipment and technique-related hazards; microbiological safety cabinets; collection, transport and receipt of infectious materials; decontamination; the laboratory worker; instruction in microbiological safety; the safe working environment; risk assessment, safety supervision and emergency contingency plans; precautions against laboratory-acquired hepatitis, AIDS, typhoid fever and tuberculosis; precautions with unconventional agents, parasites in Hazard Group 3, work with mammalian cell or tissue cultures and against infections in the post-mortem room. (61921)

CIS 94-720 Comments on proposed rule on occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Service Employees International Union, 1313 L Street N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA, 1989. 42p. (In English)

While the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) strongly endorses certain features of OSHA's proposed regulation to reduce occupational exposures to bloodborne infectious diseases, several modifications are suggested in the areas of: coverage of service contractors; compliance hierarchy; exemptions to universal precautions in particular circumstances; proper disposal of needles; quality of personal protective equipment; hepatitis B vaccine; post-exposure follow-up; worker training. Detailed comments are made on each of the OSHA proposals along with SEIU recommendations. (62117)

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CIS 94-721 Optimum handle height for animal-drawn mould board plough. Gite L.P., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1991, Vol.22, No.1, p.21-28. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

In Indian agriculture, animal-drawn equipment is widely used for various field operations. The user exercises control via the handle, and its height affects the work performance as well as the operator's comfort. This paper reports an investigation for finding the optimum handle height for an animal-drawn board plough. Experiments studied postural discomfort and physiological reactions of the operators at six handle heights. Downward force applied by the operator on the handle, and depth and speed of operation, were also recorded. Based on these data, the optimum handle height for a mould board plough is between 732mm and 842mm for Indian workers. For a fixed handle, a height of 770mm is recommended. (62141)

CIS 94-722 Strength analysis of scaffolding steel frames to evaluate the possibility of reducing their weight to meet ergonomics criteria. (French: Analyse de la résistance des cadres d'échafaudage en acier dans le but de les alléger pour rencontrer [sic] des critères ergonomiques) Raymond A., Imbeau D., Dessureault P.C., Courtois P.A., Travail et santé, Dec. 1993, Vol.9, No.4, p.S-20 to S-23. Illus. 10 ref. (In French)

Steel frame scaffoldings are currently used in apartment block construction for buildings of less than five stories. Their assembling and dismantling requires great physical effort. In addition, heavy injuries occur with their handling and utilization. Reducing the weight of this equipment, and more specifically that of the steel frames, without weakening them structurally, could be a solution to this ergonomic problem. Field observations of construction work were performed to determine typical maximum loads on scaffolding. Results indicate that it is impossible to reduce the weight of the five-foot steel frames currently used in Quebec for bricklaying operations in apartment block construction without endangering workers. In order to reduce the weight of such frames, new designs as well as lighter materials should be considered. (61908)

CIS 94-723 Tiredness and visual reaction time among nighttime cab drivers: A roadside survey. Corfitsen M.T., Accident Analysis and Prevention, Dec. 1993, Vol.25, No.6, p.667-673. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

Self-assessed levels of tiredness were compared with results of a simple visual reaction test for 120 taxi drivers in Copenhagen. 80 drivers declared themselves rested, 38 tired and 2 very tired. The reaction test showed considerable individual variation, but subdivision of the drivers according to level of tiredness demonstrated a statistically significant and uniform difference throughout the night. One self-assessed tired driver was reclassified to very tired following the test. The investigations indicate that accidents due to 'driver asleep' would be expected among the 3 (2.5%) very tired drivers. (62096)

CIS 94-724 Ergonomic recommendations for the placement of VDU workstations in offices. (German: Ergonomische Empfehlung zur Aufstellung von Bildschirmarbeitsplätzen in Büroräumen) Windberg H.J., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, Aug. 1992, Vol.42, No.8, p.312-315. Illus. 7 ref. (In German)

The ergonomic considerations for the placement of VDU workstations are described. Special attention is paid to offices where the ideal layout is impossible. A number of examples the lay out of workstations, some of them illustrated, are given. References to German standards are provided. (61986)

CIS 94-725 Human factors in occupational medicine. Budnick L.D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.587-597. 143 ref. (In English)

An overview of human factors (ergonomics) that physicians should be aware of. The following items are described: definitions; government initiatives; workplace reliability, error, and performance; loss incidents and work injuries; workplace analyses; the organization and the worker; the environment and the worker; the workplace and the worker; the job and the worker; the task and the worker; the equipment and the worker; the tool and the worker; conclusions. It is emphasized that human factors should be used to minimize or eliminate the stress to improve performance and reliability and minimize error. (62047)

CIS 94-726 Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and other work-related musculoskeletal problems in cardiac sonographers. Vanderpool H.E., Friis E.A., Smith B.S., Harms K.L., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.604-610. 29 ref. (In English)

Cardiac sonographers at a clinic experienced carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and other work-related musculoskeletal injuries. The nationwide incidence of these problems is not known. A questionnaire pertaining to possible causes of work-related injuries was distributed to 225 cardiac sonographers (response rate: 47%). Of the responders, 86% reported one or more physical symptoms. However, only 3% were diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Posture correlated significantly with other work-related musculoskeletal injuries. High-pressure hand grip correlated significantly with carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms. No other strong relations with physical symptoms were found. The contribution of specific factors to musculoskeletal problems experienced by cardiac sonographers was difficult to determine. (62048)

CIS 94-727 Pistol grip power tool handle and trigger size effects on grip exertions and operator preference. Oh S., Radwin R.G., Human Factors, Sep. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.551-569. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

Pneumatic nutrunners (power wrenches) were constructed with two different triggers and four handle spans. Performance and preference were determined in two groups of subjects: university students and factory workers with experience in the use of power hand tools; both sexes were represented in both groups. Use of an elongated trigger instead of the conventional trigger presently used on commercial tools reduced both the force needed to actuate the tool and the force required to hold it. Measurements of exertion supported the subjective impression that narrow handles required excess effort to hold. Significant differences between the student and worker groups were observed in grip strength, peak forces, exertion levels and holding forces. (62073)

CIS 94-728 Ethnic differences in forefoot shape and the determination of shoe comfort. Hawes M.R., Sovak D., Miyashita M., Kang S.J., Yoshihuku Y., Tanaka S., Ergonomics, Jan. 1994, Vol.37, No.1, p.187-196. 10 ref. (In English)

The study population consisted of 708 Caucasian North American males and 513 Japanese or Korean males. Eleven measurements were taken on the right foot bearing full body weight. No difference in foot shape was found between the Japanese and Korean subgroups, but the Caucasian and Oriental groups differed according to several measures. Thus, shoes for the two populations must be built on different lasts in order to be worn with comfort. Although this study was motivated by sport shoe design, the data are applicable to any footwear, and are more detailed than those appearing in such compendia as the ILO's International Data on Anthropometry (CIS 90-1389). (62074)

CIS 94-729 Factors related to working posture and its assessment among keyboard operators. Green R.A., Briggs C.A., Wrigley T.V., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1991, Vol.22, No.1, p.29-35. 34 ref. (In English)

Video analysis of 15 keyboard operators was conducted over two four-hour periods to determine the effects of symptoms of over-use injury, the adjustability of the workstation, the type of keyboard, time of day and sex on working posture. The only factor which significantly affected posture was the type of keyboard, with operators at typewriters adopting a more extended shoulder position, reduced elbow flexion and increased wrist flexion, than those working at a VDU terminal. Analysis of the components of variance associated with repeated observations revealed that to minimise the variance associated with recording the posture of these subjects, and therefore obtain a representative mean posture, required at least nine observations for wrist angle, four for elbow angle, six for shoulder angle and three for trunk incline. The mean posture adopted by this group of operators was similar to the 'right angles' posture, with the trunk reclined 4°, shoulder extended 1°, elbow 92° and wrist extended 7°. (62142)

CIS 94-730 Planning and implementation of microscope work. Helander M.G., Grossmith E.J., Prabhu P., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1991, Vol.22, No.1, p.36-42. 26 ref. (In English)

In electronics manufacturing, many of the assembly operations require the use of microscopes. This paper presents measures and suggestions that could help in relieving visual and postural fatigue in microscope work. These measures include the ergonomic design of microscope workstations as well as of microscopes themselves, process changes to minimise use of the microscope, replacement of microscope workstations with television systems, and a training programme for inexperienced operators. The main emphasis in implementing these recommendations was the ergonomic design of microscope workstations; several examples are given. (62143)

CIS 94-731 Effect of handle height on lower-back loading in cart pushing and pulling. Lee K.S., Chaffin D.B., Herrin G.D., Waikar A.M., Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1991, Vol.22, No.2, p.117-123. 21 ref. (In English)

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using a cart. Six subjects with different weights (ranging from 50 to 80kg) were tested for three different pushing and pulling forces (98, 196 and 294 newtons), three different heights of exertion (660, 1090 and 1520mm high) and two different moving speeds (1.8 and 3.6km/h). It was found that, in general, pushing a cart results in lesser lower-back loading than pulling. Subject body weight affected the lower-back loadings more significantly in pulling (50% increase as body weight increased from 50kg to 80kg) than in pushing (25% increase). Handle height of 1090mm was found to be better than other handle heights in pushing while 1520mm handle height was better for pulling in reducing lower-back loadings. (62145)

CIS 94-732 Truncal flexibility exercise effects on musculoskeletal capability for manual handling operations. Genaidy A.M., Applied Ergonomics, June 1991, Vol.22, No.3, p.155-162. 25 ref. (In English)

Two training groups (males and females) and one control group participated in the study. Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis suggested that it is possible to improve significantly dynamic muscular strength, low-back flexibility and truncal rotation during the course of the exercises described in this investigation. However, the effects of the programme on muscular endurance were mixed; females significantly improved and males did not. The response variables collected for the control group did not show any significant change over the study period. The implications of the results with respect to the industrial environment are discussed. (62146)

CIS 94-733 The use of adjustable furniture: Evaluation of an instruction programme for office workers. Verbeek J., Applied Ergonomics, June 1991, Vol.22, No.3, p.179-184. 10 ref. (In English)

A programme was designed in which instruction was given in the optimal adjustment of seat and desk height based on individually measured body dimensions. The programme was evaluated by means of measurement of seat and desk height before and after instruction to an experimental group in comparison with a control group to which no instruction was given. In the experimental group, prior to instruction, the mean deviation from the ideal sitting posture measured 71mm for seat height and 70mm for desk height. After instruction this deviation decreased by 11mm for seat height and 18mm for desk height. Although this is a statistically significant change, it is of limited practical importance since for seat height only 7% (3 of 41) and for desk height 13% (5 of 40) adjusted their furniture effectively as they were advised. The reasons for this meagre result are assumed to be the arbitrary concept of an ideal sitting posture, difficulties in obtaining extra adjustments in the form of footrests and desk elevation, the social acceptability of the advice given, and practical impediments that can occur while adopting an ideal sitting posture. (62148)

CIS 94-734 Endurance limits in different modes of load holding. Nag P.K., Applied Ergonomics, June 1991, Vol.22, No.3, p.185-188. 30 ref. (In English)

This study examines the influence of different modes of load holding on isometric strength exertion and endurance capacity. Six healthy males underwent longitudinal testing with the trunk, knee and elbow in 10 different (straight and bent) postures. The load heights (LH) of 320, 440, 850 and 1250mm from the floor level with subject-load-distance (S-L-D) of 120 and 320mm were used. The level and duration of force exertion were higher when the load was placed closer to the body. The endurance times were consistently high with the increase in LH, the highest being recorded with the load placed at the shoulder level and S-L-D of 120mm. As evident from MVC and endurance times, the back straight/knee bent postures may not be preferred to back bent postures. (62149)

CIS 94-735 Criteria for the ergonomic evaluation of work chairs. Occhipinti E., Colombini D., Molteni G., Grieco A., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1993, Vol.84, No.4, p.274-285. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

On the basis of a critical overview of specialized ergonomics literature and of national and international standards on the subject, this paper outlines the main ergonomic requirements for work chairs: safety; adaptability; comfort; practicality; durability; suitability for the job. For each of these requirements, different parameters are established for acceptability. Criteria are given for a concise assessment of each of the six main requirements and for a comprehensive assessment of the "ergonomic quality" of the work chair. (62159)

CIS 94-736 Survivability of occupants of totally enclosed motor propelled survival craft. Light I.M., Coleshaw S.R.K., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1993. v, 56p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-0640-6 (In English)

Trials undertaken with a totally enclosed motor-propelled survival craft (TEMPSC) indicated that the internal environment was related to occupancy level, with full occupancy causing greatest stress. Under summer conditions, high internal temperatures caused considerable thermal stress, particularly in those wearing survival suits. The onset of motion sickness was recorded within the first half-hour of the sea trial, with 49% of occupants feeling unwell. Major recommendations are that the occupancy level of the TEMPSC should be reduced, fluids should be supplied to help prevent dehydration and the design of the TEMPSC should be reconsidered with particular regard to ventilation. (61930)

CIS 94-737 Technical and ergonomic evaluation of equipment for shading off daylight from offices. (German: Lichttechnische und ergonomische Bewertung von Anlagen zur Abschirmung von Tageslicht im Büro) Aydinli S., Kaase H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 95p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: DEM 21.00., ISBN 3-89429-271-7 (In German)

A method for the evaluation of sun shades and blinds for offices was developed. The light transmission and reflection factors of 29 different blinds or textile curtains were measured with a new spherical photometer under various conditions of natural lighting. In addition, illumination levels and luminance inside the offices were determined. Impairment of the view of the external environment was assessed on a five-point scale. Heat transfer through the various kinds of blinds and curtains was measured. The results are presented in tables. (61915)

CIS 94-738 The ergonomics of manual work. Marras W.S., Karwowski W., Smith J.L., Pacholski L., International Ergonomics Association, eds., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Ranking Road, Basingstoke RG24 OPR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1993. xvii, 725p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Author index., ISBN 0-7484-0060-5 (In English)

Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association World Conference on Ergonomics of Materials Handling and Information Processing at Work held in Warsaw, Poland, 14-17 June 1993. Papers are presented under the following headings: manual handling tasks; occupational biomechanics; posture at work; prevention of musculoskeletal injury; workload and strain assessment; human operator, computers and automation; macroergonomics, participatory approach; training and education; workplace, equipment and system design; industrial safety, health and work environment. (61826)

CIS 94-739 Designing for diversity. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, CA 90406-1369, USA, 1993. 2 vols. xx, 1429p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Author index. (In English)

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society's 37th Annual Meeting held in Seattle, Washington, USA, 11-15 October 1993. Papers are presented under the following headings: aerospace systems; aging; communications; computer systems; consumer products; human factors/ergonomics education; environmental design; auditory information display; issues in heavy vehicles; driving simulators; industrial ergonomics; medical systems and functionally impaired populations; organizational design and management; personality and individual differences in human performance; safety; system development; test and evaluation; training; visual performance. (61830)

CIS 94-740 Feasibility of computer simulation of the launch of free-fall lifeboats. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 6FS, United Kingdom, 1993. iii, 53p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-0658-9 (In English)

The feasibility of using the simulation code DYNA3D to model the launch of free-fall lifeboats is demonstrated. Results of the launch kinetics simulation and the occupant motion simulation agree well with behaviour observed in a real launch. Results of the structural response prediction appear sensible, but no data are available with which to compare predicted stress levels. Experimental data are required to validate the simulations and to develop further models. The simulations may be used to help optimize boat design and to assist in the generation or assessment of safety cases or in type approval. (62100)

CIS 94-741 Criteria for the evaluation of energy expenditure during physical activity. (Italian: Criteri di valutazione energetica delle attività fisiche) Pezzagno G., Capodaglio E., Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Via Severino Boezio, 24-26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1991. 269p. Illus. 171 ref., ISBN 88-7830-051-9 (In Italian)

An in-depth study of energy expenditure in humans during physical activity. Contents: human energy expenditure (measurement of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production; possible causes of error; approximative methods of measurement); parameters of maximal and critical energy expenditure; the anaerobic threshold (invasive and noninvasive measurements); physical working capacity; proposed measurement methods. In annex: tables of energy sources (foods) and energy expenditure (very detailed, by work task). (62014)

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CIS 94-742 Elevated diastolic blood pressure during mental work. (German: Anstieg des diastolischen Blutdrucks als Beanspruchungsreaktion bei psychomentaler Belastung am Arbeitsplatz) Stork J., Labrot B., Mann H., Nöring R., Saake K.P., Spallek M., Schrader J., Stalder K., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, Aug. 1992, Vol.42, No.8, p.306-311. Illus. 14 ref. (In German)

Ambulatory blood pressure profiles of 38 foremen were analyzed to determine the acute effects of mental work on blood pressure and the heart rate. Additionally, 23 manual workers comprised a control group. In relation to mean values at home, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and in particular diastolic blood pressure of the foremen were significantly raised at work. The manual workers did not show a significant elevation of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure, but their heart rate was raised. It is concluded that elevated diastolic blood pressure levels at work in relation to the values at home are strongly associated with mental work, but not with manual work. (61985)

CIS 94-743 Mental health, job satisfaction and occupational stress among UK teachers. Travers C.J., Cooper C.L., Work and Stress, July-Sep. 1993, Vol.7, No.3, p.203-219. 28 ref. (In English)

The findings of a large-scale nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the UK are presented. Data were collected by questionnaire from a random sample of 1790 teachers drawn from a cross-section of school types, sectors and teaching grades. Univariate analysis of the results revealed that teachers, when compared with other highly stressed occupational groups, experience lower job satisfaction and poorer mental health. Mental ill-health was predicted by a variety of job pressure and personal factors, but predominantly linked to job pressure from 'ambiguity of the teacher's role'. Intention to leave was found to be most highly related to mental ill-health in teachers. (61935)

CIS 94-744 Effect of electronic performance monitoring on job design and worker stress: Review of the literature and conceptual model. Carayon P., Human Factors, Sep. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.385-395. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

Electronic monitoring of worker performance (for example, the counting of keystrokes performed by clerical staff) can contribute to occupational stress both directly and indirectly, via job design. It is proposed that monitoring systems be evaluated in terms of the nature of the information gathered, the method for gathering it and the use to which it will be put, and that their effects on job design be analyzed in terms of demands on the worker, worker control over the job and the social support that the worker enjoys in the workplace. Published studies are discussed within this framework. (62071)

CIS 94-745 Experimental evaluation of a model of mental workload. Hancock P.A., Caird J.K., Human Factors, Sep. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.413-429. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

The proposed model predicts that mental workload grows as perceived distance from a task goal increases and the effective time for action decreases. The model was tested with a microcomputer program that requires a person to move a pointer on the screen to a given location, subject to a time limit and other conditions. The results supported the model, showing good correlation of quantitative measures of performance with subjective ratings of workload. (62072)

CIS 94-746 Stress reactions to computer-interactive tasks as a function of task structure and individual differences. Czaja S.J., Sharit J., International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Jan.-Mar. 1993, Vol.5, No.1, p.1-22. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

The development of a methodology to evaluate stress for computer-interactive tasks as a function of the mental workload of the tasks and the age of the individual is described. Physiological, subjective and performance measures were evaluated for 65 women ranging in age from 25 to 70 years performing a variety of computer-interactive tasks. Results indicated differences in sensitivity among the measures as a function of task and age. The data also indicated age differences in stress reactions and performance. The findings are discussed in terms of the suitability of computer tasks for older people. (62094)

CIS 94-747 Pool size, job stressors, and health problems: A study of data entry clerks. Billette A., Bouchard R., International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.5, No.2, p.101-113. 16 ref. (In English)

A study was conducted of the health problems of two groups of data entry clerks: one group working in large pools and the other in small pools. The clerks from large pools were characterized by a higher rate of occurrence of symptoms of mental health problems as well as a higher degree of use of sleeping pills and tranquillizers. The effect of pool size was indirect and originated from the more intense job stressors found in large pools. Lack of recognition and mobility was shown to be characteristic of all work pools and a major factor in mental health problems. (62095)

CIS 94-748 Employee accidents: Influences of personal characteristics, job characteristics, and substance use in jobs differing in accident potential. Holcom M.L., Lehman W.E.K., Simpson D.D., Journal of Safety Research, Winter 1993, Vol.24, No.4, p.205-221. 43 ref. (In English)

Relationships between employee substance use and accidents at work were assessed in a sample of municipal employees in the USA. Employees were classified into low- and high-risk job samples and discriminant function analyses were carried out to classify employees into "no accident" and "some accident" classifications. Variables from personal, job and substance use domains were used as discriminators. Employees likely to have accidents tended to have dysfunctional personal backgrounds and reported that they were dissatisfied and tense at work. Drug and alcohol use were major discriminators of accident groups for the high-risk job sample but not for the low-risk job sample. (62138)

CIS 94-749 Prevention of violence to staff in banks and building societies. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1993. viii, 28p. 5 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-0683-X (In English)

This guidance outlines an integrated approach for preventing robberies and minimizing the after-effects of violence at work from criminals. Contents: the need for an integrated policy; legal requirements; a security policy for managing the risks; support for staff after a robbery (reactions to robbery, signs to look for, types of support); policy liaison and court procedures; public relations and media policy; communication; education and training; monitoring and evaluation. Appendices: principles of risk assessment; compensation and victim support. (61867)

CIS 94-750 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing homicide in the workplace. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Sep. 1993. ii, 9p. 14 ref. (In English)

This NIOSH Alert identifies those workplaces and occupations having the highest risk of occupational homicide and outlines possible risk factors and preventive measures. Among workplaces, retail trades and services had the highest numbers of homicides (2,787 and 1,275 respectively) during the period 1980-89, while the occupation with the highest rate of homicide was taxicab driver. Recommendations for employers and workers are given along with suggestions for future research work. (61939)

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