CIS 94-1 Act No.93 of 1993 concerning occupational safety and health [Hungary]. (French: Loi n°93 de 1993 concernant la sécurité et la santé au travail [Hongrie]) Labour Law Documents - Documents de droit social, 1994, No.2, p.7-26. (In English, French)

Internet:
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/38155/64930/E93HUN01.htm
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/38155/64931/F93HUN01.htm

Translation of the framework law for the principles and organization of occupational safety and health in Hungary. It was passed by Parliament on 5 Oct. 1993, and it came into effect on 1 Jan. 1994. Its scope covers all employment, with the proviso that in certain areas (emergency services, army, police, prison staff) additional/different OSH measures might be introduced in the future. Contents: government responsibilities in OSH, with responsible organizations (in particular, the National Inspectorate for Occupational Safety and Labour, or OMMF); basic health and safety requirements for the workplace (OSH measures during the setting up of an enterprise; material requirements for work; requirements for work processes, technology and materials; work aptitude); OSH-related responsibilities and rights of employers and employees; notification, investigation and registering of occupational accidents and diseases; safety delegates and committees; inspection; definitions (including lists of dangerous materials and of risk factors). Order 47/1979 (CIS 89-354) and its many modifications, as well as some other OSH-related legal measures are abrogated. (61739)

CIS 94-2 Internal control of work environment [Sweden]. (Swedish: Internkontroll av arbetsmiljön) National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Publikationsservice, P.O. Box 1300, 17 125 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 19p., ISBN 92-7930-150-9 (In Swedish)

These regulations apply to all employers. They state the responsibility of the employer for certain aspects of the work environment: formulation a work environment policy; goals for an improved work environment; yearly evaluation. (61741)

CIS 94-3 Guide on European safety and environmental regulations [European Communities]. Bormans J., ed., Kluwer Editorial, Excelsiorlaan 18, 1930 Zaventem (Brussels), Belgium, 1993. 2 loose-leaf binders. Illus. Price: BEF 35,485., ISBN 90-6716-465-8 (In English)

This 2-volume compendium contains the full text of international instruments adopted or proposed for adoption within the EEC. Emitting organizations include the European Economic Community (EEC) (Action Programmes, Recommendations, Directives, Resolutions, relevant sections of the Single Act); the ILO (proposed Convention and Recommendation on major hazards); the OECD (Paris Convention of 14 Dec. 1960). Sections of the Compendium are foreseen for eventual inclusion of instruments by the Council of Europe, the United Nations and other international organizations. (61680)

CIS 94-4 The health, safety and working conditions committee - Statutory instruments [France]. (French: Le comité d'hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail - Réglementation [France]) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd edition, July 1993. 55p., ISBN 2-85599-480-2 (In French)

Compendium of French legislative texts (extracts from the Labour Code, decrees, circulars and orders) that deal with safety, health and working conditions committees. Comments accompany the text, facilitating its interpretation as to the setting up, the role and the running of such committees. (61769)

CIS 94-5 Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, multiple pagination (pages numbered 70,201 - 71,389). (In English)

Seventeen regulations issued between 1986 and 1991 covering in detail safety and health requirements at the workplace, and made under the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act, 1986 (CIS 90-1404). The Regulations concern: Commercial Safety (1987); Construction Safety (1987); Health and First Aid (1991); Industrial Safety (1987); Asbestos (1991); Synthetic Mineral Fibres (1991); Logging (1991); Confidentiality of Health Records (1991); Safe Handling of Pesticides (1987); Power-Driven Machinery (1987); Rural Industry - Machine Safety (1987); Proceedings (1987); General (1987, covering the role of OSH committees and representatives and the issuing of default, improvement and prohibition notices); Election of Health and Safety Representatives (1987); Notification of Work-Related Injuries, Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences (1987); Registration of Employers (1990); Manual Handling (1990). (61801)

CIS 94-6 Marine Act 1936 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 7p. (pages numbered 72,804 - 73,132). (In English)

This Act was assented to on 24 Mar. 1937 and it commenced on 1 July 1937. It was published in the Government Gazette on 25 Mar. 1937. The text reproduced here, including some amendments up to 1991, includes only those passages relevant to occupational safety and health. Aspects covered: interpretation of terms; issuing of regulations; appointment of inspectors; prohibition of the sending of unseaworthy ships to sea; obligation to ensure seaworthiness; powers to detain unsafe ships; other safety measures; prohibition of carrying passengers in excess of the number specified in the certificate; restriction on the carriage of dangerous goods. (61804)

CIS 94-7 Mines and Works Inspection Act 1920 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 11p. (pages numbered 73,321 - 73,363). (In English)

This Act (No.1444 or 1920) received assent on 9 Dec. 1920, commenced 20 Jan. 1921, and was gazetted on 20 Jan. 1921 (p.106). Here it is reproduced with amendments up to 24 Dec. 1986. It covers: interpretation; application (all mines in South Australia); inspectors and inspection; miners' inspectors; prohibition of employment of minors; issuing of regulations; penalties. In schedules: subject matter for regulations to be issued. (61805)

CIS 94-8 Car repair shops, gasoline stations etc. [Norway]. (Norwegian: Bilverksteder, Bensinstasjoner m.v.) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 1991. 37p. Illus. (In Norwegian)

The notification describes special rules that applies to car repair workshops, gasoline stations and similar types of workplaces. The rules involve, on one hand, equipment, tools, and the workplace, and on the other hand, work procedures, routines, and what not to do. Main subjects covered: noise, flammable gases and liquids, heavy workload, draft and coolness, oil and water, dangerous machines and tools. (61792)

CIS 94-9 Notification on dangerous work by young people [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om unges farlige arbejde) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1992. 7p. (In Danish)

This notification came into force on 1 July 1992. It applies to work carried out by young people between 15 and 18 years old. The employer is responsible for the proper training and supervision of young workers. Young persons are excluded from performing certain tasks: work with dangerous machinery (chainsaws, presses, tractors, etc.); exposure to dangerous chemicals; handling of loads >12kg (25kg under some conditions); work with heavily vibrating tools; work with substances stored at below -153°C (with similar low boiling temperatures); work without adult supervision where there is a danger of violence; work where there is a risk of oxygen deprivation; emptying and filling of gas tanks with flammable gases; work where there is a risk of explosion; work requiring the wearing of fresh air supplied breathing apparatus for more than 4 hours. Derogations are possible (e.g. for working on the family farm). (61806)

CIS 94-10 Working with visual display units [Netherlands]. (Dutch: Werken met beeldschermen) Labour Inspectorate (Arbeidsinspectie), SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 53p. Illus. 30 ref., ISBN 90-399-0373-5 (In Dutch)

This publication gives information on the health problems related to work with visual display units (VDUs). Furthermore, a large number of requirements and recommendations are given in order to avoid problems with VDU work, based on legislation introduced as a result of the EC directive 90/270/EEC "Working with VDUs" (CIS 90-1069). Attention is given to: requirements for the organization of work and job content, requirements for workplace design, eye testing and glasses, requirements for the man-machine interaction. Also included is a checklist that allows the operator to examine his/her work situation according to the requirements and recommendations given in the publication. Replacement of the document abstracted as CIS 83-392. (61638)

CIS 94-11 Council Directive 73/173/EEC of 4 June 1973 on the approximation of laws, regulations and the administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (solvents) [European Communities]. (French: Directive 73/173/CEE du Conseil, du 4 juin 1973, concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives des Etats membres relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des préparations dangereuses (solvants) [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 11 July 1973, No.L.189, p.7-29. (In French)

Definition of the substances involved, scope of the Directive stipulating the labelling requirements applying to such substances. (61569)

CIS 94-12 Notification of preventive measures against carcinogenic risks while working with substances and materials [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om foranstaltninger til forebyggelse af kræftrisiko ved arbejde med stoffer og materialer) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 36p. Price: DKK 14.25. (In Danish)

This Notification states the rules applying to work with substances and materials suspected of carcinogenicity. A list of such substances is included. Working with products containing more than a certain proportion of these substances requires special attention. (61744)

CIS 94-13 Motor fuel [Sweden]. (Swedish: Motorbränslen) National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Publikationsservice, P.O. Box 1300, 17 125 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 29p., ISBN 91-7930-163-0 (In Swedish)

This regulation applies to work where some kind of motor fuel is present. It applies to all kinds of fuel such as gasoline, diesel, fuel, natural gas, jet fuel etc. Focus is on precautions while maintaining and repairing engines, equipment and containers. The safety of motor fuel transport is also considered. Guidelines are appended. (61793)

CIS 94-14 Work with contaminated soil (including soil clean up) [Netherlands]. (Dutch: Werken met verontreinigde grond, inclusief bodemsanering) Labour Inspectorate (Arbeidsinspectie), SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 2nd ed., 1993. 45p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 90-399-0400-6 (In Dutch)

This directive (an update of CIS 91-1066) contains guidelines for safe working practices for persons working with soil or groundwater and who, as a result of this work, may be exposed to contamination. Attention is given to: risk of exposure to hazardous substances (inhalation, uptake through the skin, oral uptake); risk and fire hazards; classification of substances in separate risk categories; responsibilities of the employer; health and safety measures; legal provisions. In the appendix a list of commonly encountered toxic substances is presented, with corresponding toxicity classification, lethal doses, indication of carcinogenicity, etc. (61797)

CIS 94-15 Notification on the evaluation of code numbers [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om fastsættelse af kodenumre) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 49p. + 1p. (In Danish)

This notification came into force on 1 Sep. 1993. It states the rules applying to the classification and coding of chemical products. In the annex are the details as to how to establish the correct codes (e.g. 2 - 3); the digit before the hyphen is related to the inhalation hazard of a vapour, calculated as a function of its density, evaporation speed and threshold level and the digit after the hyphen is related to the harmfulness of a product if it comes into contact with the skin or the eyes, or if it is accidentally ingested or inhaled. Notification is very closely related to notification of work with coded products (see CIS 94-16). A minor modification is introduced by Bekendtgørelse nr. 783 of 24 Sep. 1993 (one page). (61808)

CIS 94-16 Notification on work with code numbered products [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om arbejde med kodenummererede produkter) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, May 1993. 52p. (In Danish)

This notification came into force on 1 Sep. 1993. It applies to work that involves paints, lacquers, glues, filling materials, printing materials and solvents. For these materials a code number according to Notification No.301 (see CIS 94-15) must be provided. The principle of substitution applies. Rules are stated for use, safety measures (e.g. respirators, ventilation), etc. In annex: detailed safety requirements, by economic sector and industrial process. (61809)

CIS 94-17 Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods [United Nations]. United Nations Publications, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, Aug. 1993. 8th revised ed. x, 528p. Illus. Index. Sales No.E.93.VIII.1., ISBN 92-1-139042-7 (In English)

Latest update of the "Orange Book" (see CIS 91-1769 for 7th edition). It contains a list of dangerous goods most commonly carried to which a UN identification number has been allocated. It addresses principles of classification and definition of classes; general packing requirements; testing procedures; marking, labelling or placarding; and shipping documents. Special recommendations apply to certain classes of goods. The recommendations do not apply to dangerous goods in bulk. (61800)

CIS 94-18 Council Directive of 4 Dec. 1990 on the operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionizing radiation during their activities in controlled areas [Euratom]. (French: Directive du Conseil du 4 décembre 1990 concernant la protection opérationnelle des travailleurs extérieurs exposés à un risque de rayonnements ionisants au cours de leur intervention en zone contrôlée [CEEA]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 13 Dec. 1990, No.L 349, p.21-25. (In English, French)

The purpose of this Directive supplementing Directive 80/836/Euratom (CIS 81-95) pertains to the operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionizing radiation during their activities in controlled areas. Main aspects covered: definitions (controlled area, outside worker, radiological monitoring system); obligations of outside undertakings and operators; obligations of outside workers. Annex: provisions concerning the individual radiological monitoring document. (61698)

CIS 94-19 Health and Safety - The Ionising Radiations (Outside Workers) Regulations 1993 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 9p. Price: GBP 2.40., ISBN 0-11-035379-X (In English)

Regulations implementing in Great Britain Council Directive 90/641/Euratom (CIS 94-18) on the operational protection of outside workers (i.e. workers employed by an outside undertaking who undertakes activities in a controlled area) exposed to the risk of ionizing radiation during their activities in controlled areas. They supplement the provisions of the Ionising Radiation Regulations 1985 (CIS 89-1100). Main topics covered: duties of outside undertakings; radiation passbooks; duties of operators and of outside workers; enforcement; exemptions. (61699)

CIS 94-20 Boilers and Pressure Vessels Act 1968 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 13p. (pages numbered 71,501 - 71,563). (In English)

This Act (No.43 or 1968) received assent on 19 Dec. 1968 and commenced 1 June 1970. Here it is reproduced with amendments up to 1 July 1993. It covers: definitions; exclusions; inspectors; establishment and running of the Enginedrivers Board; safety rules relating to boilers and pressure vessels (approval of design and construction, tests, registration); inspection; certificates of competency; special rules applying to welding operations on boilers and pressure vessels; miscellaneous; offences. (61802)

CIS 94-21 Lifts and Cranes Act 1985; Lifts and Cranes Regulations 1988 [Australia - South Australia]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.3, 20p. (pages numbered 71,701 - 71,782). (In English)

This Act received assent on 30 May 1985 and commenced 30 Jan. 1989. Here it is reproduced with amendments up to 1 July 1993. It covers: interpretation; scope (excludes apparatuses used in mines, offshore petroleum installations, etc.); inspectors; approval of design and construction; registration of cranes, hoists and lifts; duties in relation to the safe operation of such equipment; safety inspections; operation by young persons; certificates of competency; accidents; approved codes of practice; miscellaneous; exemptions; issuing of regulations. The Regulations (made 15 Dec. 1988, commenced 30 Jan. 1989, amendments to 17 June 1993) cover: expert reports on the design of such equipment; registration of lifts; proper use; children prohibited on cranes; danger notices; inspection; certificates of competency. (61803)

CIS 94-22 Notification on the design of machinery [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om indretning af tekniske hjælpemidler) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1992. 41p. (In Danish)

This notification came into force on 1 Jan. 1993. It implements Directives No.89/392/EEC (CIS 89-1442) and 91/368/EEC (CIS 92-25) related to machinery. It states the rules that apply to machines with respect to physical, chemical and mechanical hazards. The notification also explains the rules of establishing a technical dossier, the obligations of reporting certain machines and the functioning of accredited test institutions. If a machine is approved by one accredited test institution within the EEC, it may be imported into all other EC member countries. This notification does not deal with the use of machinery. In annex: important safety and health regulations in connection with the design and manufacturing of machinery. Regulations as to the statement of compliance with important safety and health regulations; description of the CE mark that can be mounted on approved machinery; a list of especially dangerous machinery that needs testing and approval; necessary documentation for statement of compliance; description of the EEC test; minimum criteria to be fulfilled by approved test institutions; description of the coverage of Directive No.89/39/EEC and 91/368/EEC; list of notifications in force in Denmark within the field of machinery. (61807)

CIS 94-23 Incorporation of safety considerations into the design of machinery and equipment - General regulations, texts and commentaries [France]. (French: Intégration de la sécurité dans la conception des machines et appareils - Réglementation française, textes et commentaires [France]) Ministère du travail, de l'emploi et de la formation professionnelle, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 3rd edition, 1992. 62p., ISBN 2-85599-210-0 (In French)

Update of the previous edition (see CIS 88-1434). Summary: legislative provisions concerning machinery and equipment; principles and structure of regulations, technical rules and procedures; obligations of those who manufacture, import, sell, lease and use machinery and equipment (new or second-hand); scope of regulations; general safety and health rules, the labour code; safety and health rules relating to certain kinds of machines and equipment (Decree 80-544 of 15 July 1980, see CIS 81-346); official texts and documents (French standards AFNOR). In the appendix: sections of the Labour Code concerning control procedures. (61765)

CIS 94-24 Notification on biological agents and the work environment [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om biologiske agenser og arbejdsmiljø) Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, Nov. 1993. 23p. Illus. Price: DKK 32.25. (In Danish)

This notification came into force on 20 Nov. 1993. It implements directive 90/679/EEC (CIS 91-29) and applies to all work involving risk of exposure to biological substances (microorganisms, cell cultures, human parasites). The principle of substitution is stated, meaning that whenever a harmful biological agent can be substituted by a less harmful one, the more harmful agent may not be used. Work must generally be planned in such a way that no hazards occur. If this is not possible, other safety measures must be taken by the employer. Safety instructions must be provided in writing. If employees are exposed to harmful biological agents, a record must be kept of this for 40 years. Employees have the right to medical examination before employment and regularly thereafter. Work with harmful agents must be reported to the Work Environment Service (Arbejdstilsynet). Any accident that might lead to the contamination of workers must be reported to the local Work Environment Service. In annex: list of microorganisms, with hazard classification and labelling requirements. (61810)

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CIS 94-25 Benzenethiol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: thiophenol. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm; 2.3mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61421)

CIS 94-26 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: may affect the skin resulting in photosensitization and possibly photoallergy; possible human carcinogen. (61422)

CIS 94-27 Diborane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive effects on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm; 0.11mg/m³ (as TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61423)

CIS 94-28 1,2-Dichloroethylene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 790mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 237mg/m³ (USSR 1977). (61424)

CIS 94-29 Dichloroisocyanuric acid, Na-salt. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs. (61425)

CIS 94-30 2,4-Dichlorophenol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; systemic poisoning. (61426)

CIS 94-31 3,6-Dichloro-picolinic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys. (61427)

CIS 94-32 1,2-Dichloropropane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: propylene dichloride. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and blood. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 75ppm; 347mg/m³ (as TWA); 110ppm; 508mg/m³ (as STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 10mg/m³ (as CEILING) (USSR 1977). (61428)

CIS 94-33 Dichlorosilane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lacrimating agent; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reations. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. (61429)

CIS 94-34 Diethylamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 10ppm; 30mg/m³ (as TWA) (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK 30mg/m³ (USSR 1973). (61430)

CIS 94-35 Diethylbenzene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidneys. (61431)

CIS 94-36 Diethylene benzyl benzoate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: mild eye irritation. (61432)

CIS 94-37 Diethylthiophosphoryl chloride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and on ingestion; lacrimating agent; chemical pneumonitis. (61433)

CIS 94-38 Diisopropylamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 21mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61434)

CIS 94-39 N,N-Dimethylformamide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm; 30mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK: 10mg/m³ (skin) (USSR 1988). (61435)

CIS 94-40 N,N'-Dimethyl-p-toluidine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; methaemoglobinaemia; hypoxia; brain damage; kidney failure. (61436)

CIS 94-41 Dimethyl sulphoxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; visual function disorders. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; hepatic damage. (61437)

CIS 94-42 1,2-Dinitrobenzene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the lungs; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: liver damage. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm; 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61438)

CIS 94-43 2,4-Dinitrophenol (>15% H₂O). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; metabolic disturbances; very high temperature. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood; cataract; weight loss; polyneuropathy; granulocytopenia. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 0.05mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (61439)

CIS 94-44 Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver; possible human carcinogen; antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1.5mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: Class III A2 (1990). (61440)

CIS 94-45 N,N-Diphenylamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61441)

CIS 94-46 International Chemical Safety Cards - First Series. (French: Fiches chimiques internationales de sécurité - Première série) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 78 cards. Price: ECU 12.50., ISBN 92-826-3879-0 (es), ISBN 92-826-3880-4 (da), ISBN 92-826-3882-0 (el), ISBN 92-826-3883-9 (fr), ISBN 92-826-3884-7 (it), ISBN 92-826-3885-5 (ne), ISBN 92-826-3886-3 (po) (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

This compendium contains a first series of 78 international chemical safety cards (ICSC) prepared jointly by IPCS and the CEC in Danish (Internationale Kemiske Sikkerhedskort - Første serie), Dutch (Internationale Kaarten voor chemische Veiligheid - Eerste reeks), French (Fiches chimiques internationales de sécurité - Première série), Greek (Diethneis karteles hēmikēs asfaleias - Seira protē), Italian (Schede internazionali di sicurezza chimica - Prima serie), Portuguese (Fichas Internacionais de Segurança Química - Primeira série) and Spanish (Fichas Internacionales de Seguridad Química - Primera serie). ICSCs summarize essential health and safety information on chemicals, using a pre-selected set of standard phrases. ICSC sections include: chemical identification (name; CAS, RTECS and ICSC numbers; synonyms; chemical formula; molecular weight); health and safety hazards; first aid; spillage and disposal; storage; packaging; labelling and transport; summary of important data (including exposure limits); physical properties; environmental data. Corresponding English version: CIS 90-1310. (61442)

CIS 94-47 Chemical safety sheets. Working safely with hazardous chemicals. Dutch Chemical Industry Association, Samsom Chemical Publishers Inc., Pr. Margrietlaan 3, Postbus 4, 2400MA Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1991. ix, 1057p. Illus. Index. Price: GBP 74.00, USD 124.00, NLG 222.50., ISBN 0-7923-1258-9 (In English)

One-page data sheets on 935 organic and inorganic substances give physical properties, important characteristics, hazards or effects of exposure, preventive measures, fire extinguishing and first-aid measures, treatment of spills, storage requirements, European Community and US National Fire Protection Association labelling and identifying numbers (Chemical Abstracts Service, UN). The sheets are followed by detailed explanations of each section and the meaning of the phrases used. Appendices include tables and formulae, recommendations for gloves and other protective clothing, respiratory protection, first aid in the event of poisoning, an alphabetical index including many synonyms and an index by UN number. (61787)

CIS 94-48 Acetaldehyde. (French: Acétaldéhyde) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: extremely flammable, harmful. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; corrosion of mucous membranes; neurotoxic effects (CNS depression); pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; lung diseases; liver damage; central nervous system damage; suspected human carcinogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 605-003-00-6; F, Xn; R12-36/37; S16-33-36/37. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1089 (3; I). (61443)

CIS 94-49 Allyl chloride. (French: Chlorure d'allyle) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable, toxic. Acute toxic effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects. Long-term toxic effects: renal damage; peripheral nerve damage. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-029-00-X; F, T; R11-16; S16-29-33-45. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1100 (3.5; 6.1; I). (61444)

CIS 94-50 Aniline. (French: Aniline) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Classification: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes; may affect the blood and the central nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: liver, kidney and spleen damage; methaemoglobin formation. EC identification number and labelling codes: 612-008-00-7; T; R23/24/25-33; S28-36/37-44. United Nations Code: UN 1547 (6.1; II). (61445)

CIS 94-51 Antimony trioxide. (French: Trioxyde d'antimoine) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; lung diseases; liver and kidney damage; antifertility effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 051-003-00-9; R20/22; S22. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1549 (6.1; exempted if Sb<0.5%; special provisions 44, 45, 109). (61446)

CIS 94-52 Arsenic. (French: Arsenic) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; hepatic and renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin damage; carcinogen; teratogen; neurotoxic effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 033-001-00-X; Toxic; R23/24; S1/2-20/21-28-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1558 (6.1; II). (61447)

CIS 94-53 Chrysotile. (French: Chrysotile) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Long term exposure effects: pulmonary fibrosis; lung cancer; mesothelioma. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2590 (9; III). (61448)

CIS 94-54 Benzene. (French: Benzène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable; toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: effects on blood forming organs, liver, kidneys and immune system; possible antifertility effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 601-020-00-8; F, T; R45-11-23/24/25-48. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1114 (3; II). (61449)

CIS 94-55 Benzyl chloride. (French: Chlorure de benzyle) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: irritant. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; hepatic and renal damage; retarded development of newborn. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-037-00-3; Xi; R36/37/38; S39. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1738 (6.1; 8; II). (61450)

CIS 94-56 1,3-Butadiene. (French: 1,3-Butadiène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: bone marrow and liver disorders; probably carcinogenic to humans; may cause heritable genetic damage; suspected teratogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 601-013-00-X; F; R13; S9-16-33. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1010 (2.1; 3). (61451)

CIS 94-57 1-Butanethiol. (French: Butane-1 thiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2347 (3; II). (61452)

CIS 94-58 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol. (French: Méthyle-2-propane-2 thiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61453)

CIS 94-59 Cadmium. (French: Cadmium) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the eyes; corrosive to the respiratory tract; delayed effects. Long-term exposure effects: renal damage; pulmonary diseases; probably carcinogenic in humans. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2570 (6.1, special provisions 44 and 109). (61454)

CIS 94-60 Carbon dioxide. (French: Dioxyde de carbone) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: asphyxiation; frostbite in case of contact with rapidly evaporating gas. Long-term exposure effects: behavioural changes. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1013 (2). (61455)

CIS 94-61 Carbon disulphide. (French: Disulfure de carbone) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (delayed symptoms); neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: psychosis; polyneuropathy; arteriosclerosis; antifertility effects; teratogenic efects; dermatitis. EC identification number and labelling codes: 006-003-00-3; F, T; R12-26; S27-29-33-43-45. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1131 (3; 6.1; I). (61456)

CIS 94-62 Carbon monoxide. (French: Monoxyde de carbone) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable; toxic. Short-term exposure effects: displacement of oxygen in blood; effects on the central nervous system; anorexia; behavioural changes; asphyxiation. Long-term exposure effects: behavioural changes; lower reaction time; cardiovascular disorders; possible reproductive effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 006-001-00-2; F, T; R12-23; S7-16. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1016 (2; subsidiary risks: 3 and 6.1). (61457)

CIS 94-63 Carbon tetrachloride. (French: Tétrachlorure de carbone) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritates the eyes; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); hepatic and renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; chronic encephalopathy; suspected human carcinogen (IARC 2B). EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-008-00-5; T; R26/27; S2-38-45. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1846 (6.1; II). (61458)

CIS 94-64 1-Hexadecanethiol. (French: Hexadécane-1 thiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1228 (3; 6.1; 109/167; II). (61459)

CIS 94-65 4-Chloroaniline. (French: Chloro-4 aniline) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates eyes, skin and respiratory tract; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; methaemoglobinaemia. EC identification number and labelling codes: 612-010-00-8; T; R23/24/25-33; S28-36/37-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2018 (6.1; II). (61460)

CIS 94-66 Chloroform. (French: Chloroforme) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); effects on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys. Effects are enhanced by the use of alcoholic beverages. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; suspected human carcinogen (IARC 2B; ACGIH A2). EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-006-00-4; Xn; R20; S2-24/25. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1888 (6.1; II). (61461)

CIS 94-67 2-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene. (French: Chloro-2-nitro-1 benzène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; methaemoglobinaemia; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; hepatic, pancreatic and renal disorders. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1578 (6.1; II). (61462)

CIS 94-68 Chromium. (French: Chrome) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; ulceration of skin and respiratory tract; renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma; genetic damage. (61463)

CIS 94-69 o-Cresol. (French: o-Crésol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to skin and mucous membranes; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; lung disorders; renal and hepatic damage. EC identification number and labelling codes: No.604-004-00-9; T; R24/25-34; S2-28-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2076 (6.1; II). (61464)

CIS 94-70 p-Cresol. (French: p-Crésol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive to skin and mucous membranes; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; lung disorders; renal and hepatic damage. EC identification number and labelling codes: No.604-004-00-9; T; R24/25-34; S2-28-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2076 (6.1; II). (61465)

CIS 94-71 Cyclohexanethiol. (French: Cyclohexanethiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 3054 (3; III). (61466)

CIS 94-72 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (French: Acide dichloro-2,4 phénoxyacétique) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: suspected human carcinogen and teratogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 607-039-00-8; Xn; R20/21/22; S2-13. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2588 (6.1-61/109; I, II or III). (61467)

CIS 94-73 DDT. (French: DDT) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: Toxic. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: skin absorption; dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); hepatic damage; suspected human carcinogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-045-00-7; T; R25-40-48; S22-36/37-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2761 (6.1-61/109). (61468)

CIS 94-74 1-Decanethiol. (French: Décane-1 thiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1228 (3; 6.1; II; 109/167). (61469)

CIS 94-75 Dibutyl phthalate. (French: Phtalate de dibutyle) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: teratogenic and reproductive effects observed in animals. (61470)

CIS 94-76 1,4-Dichlorobenzene. (French: Dichloro-1,4 benzène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: harmful. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; hepatic damage; renal damage. Long term exposure effects: pulmonary, hepatic and renal damage; methaemoglobinaemia; suspected human carcinogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-035-00-2; Xn; R22; S2-24/25. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1592 (6.1; III). (61471)

CIS 94-77 Dichlorprop. (French: Dichlorprop) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: harmful. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: suspected human carcinogen and teratogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 607-045-00-0; Xn; R20/21/22; S2-13. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2588 (6.1; 61 & 109; I, II, III). (61472)

CIS 94-78 Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. (French: Ether monoéthylique de diéthylèneglycol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; chemical pneumonitis. Long term exposure effects: the liquid defats the skin. (61473)

CIS 94-79 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. (French: Ether monométhylique de diéthylèneglycol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; chemical pneumonitis. Long term exposure effects: the liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects; blood and renal disorders; anaemia. (61474)

CIS 94-80 1,4-Dioxane. (French: Dioxane-1,4) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable, harmful. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; brain; hepatic and renal damage; suspected human carcinogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-024-00-5; F, Xn; R11-36/37-40; S16-36/37. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1165 (3.2; II). (61475)

CIS 94-81 1-Dodecanethiol. (French: Dodécane-1 thiol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1228 (3; 6.1-109 & 167: II). (61476)

CIS 94-82 Epichlorohydrin. (French: Epichlorohydrine) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: toxic. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; asthma; may have effects on kidneys, liver, adrenals and reproductive system; probably carcinogenic in humans; may cause heritable genetic damage; temporary male antifertility effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-026-00-6; T; R45-10-23/24/25-34-43; S53-9-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2023 (6.1: II). (61477)

CIS 94-83 Ethanol (anhydrous). (French: Ethanol (anhydre)) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: hepatic damage; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-002-00-5; F; R11; S7-16. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1170 (3-102 & 144). (61478)

CIS 94-84 Ethylene dibromide. (French: Dibromure d'éthylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: dibromoethane. Danger symbols: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; severe neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; liver, kidney, spleen and lung damage; probably carcinogenic in humans; possible genetic, antifertility and teratogenic effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-010-00-6; T; R45-23/24/25-36/37/38; S53-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1605 (6.1; II). (61479)

CIS 94-85 Fluorine. (French: Fluor) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: very toxic. Short term exposure effects; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; delayed effects. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. EC identification number and labelling codes: 009-001-00-0; T; R7-26-35; S7/9-36-45. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1045 (2; 5.1). (61480)

CIS 94-86 Trichlorofluoromethane. (French: Trichlorofluorométhane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of the respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects at very high concentrations; cardiac arrhythmia. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61481)

CIS 94-87 Dichlorodifluoromethane. (French: Dichlorodifluorométhane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects at very high concentrations; cardiac arrhythmia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. United Nations number and hazard classification: UN 1028 (2). (61482)

CIS 94-88 Chlorodifluoromethane. (French: Chlorodifluorométhane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system), cardiac arrhythmia and asphyxiation at high concentrations. (61483)

CIS 94-89 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane. (French: Trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2,2 éthane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system), cardiac arrhythmia and asphyxation at high concentrations. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61484)

CIS 94-90 Hexachloroethane. (French: Hexachloréthane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; hepatic and renal damage. (61485)

CIS 94-91 Lead (inorganic). (French: Plomb inorganique) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: delayed symptoms; neurotoxic effects; anaemia; renal damage; antifertility effects; retarded development of newborn. (61486)

CIS 94-92 Lindane. (French: Lindane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; possibly carcinogenic in humans. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-043-00-6; T; R23/24/25-36/38; S2-13-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2761 (6.1; 61 & 109; III). (61487)

CIS 94-93 MCPA. (French: MCPA) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: possibly carcinogenic in humans; may cause birth defects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 607-051-00-3; Xn; R20/21/22; S2-13. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2588 (6.1; 61 & 109; I, II, III). (61488)

CIS 94-94 Mecoprop. (French: Mécoprop) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: possibly carcinogenic in humans; may cause birth defects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 607-049-00-2; Xn; R20/21/22; S2-13. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2588 (6.1; 61 & 109; I, II, III). (61489)

CIS 94-95 Mercury. (French: Mercure) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; skin absorption; irritation of skin; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: may have effects on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and kidneys; may cause birth defects, specifically brain damage. EC identification number and labelling codes: 080-001-00-0; T; R23-33; S7-44. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2809 (8; 123; III). (61490)

CIS 94-96 Methanol. (French: Méthanol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: highly flammable; toxic. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; skin absorption; corrodes the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); blindness. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; vision disorders. EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-001-00-X; F; T; R11-23/25; S2-7-16-24. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1230 (3; 6.1; II). (61491)

CIS 94-97 Methylene chloride. (French: Dichlorométhane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin and eyes; carboxyhaemoglobin formation. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; hepatic disorders; possibly carcinogenic to humans. EC identification number and labelling codes: 602-004-00-3; Xn; R20; S24. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1593 (6.1; III). (61492)

CIS 94-98 2-Butoxyethanol. (French: Butoxy-2 éthanol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: harmful. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); liver and renal damage. Long term exposure effects: defatting of the skin; haematotoxic effects. EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-014-00-0; Xn; R20/21/22-27; S24/25. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 2369 (6.1; III). (61493)

CIS 94-99 2-Ethoxyethanol. (French: Ethoxy-2 éthanol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbol: harmful. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); liver and renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: defatting of the skin; haematotoxic effects; antifertility effects; possible teratogen. EC identification number and labelling codes: 603-012-00-X; Xn, R10-36; S24. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1171 (3; III). (61494)

CIS 94-100 2-Methoxyethanol. (French: 2-Méthoxyéthanol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; skin absorption; hepatic and renal disorders. Long-term exposure effects: blood disorders; impairment of male fertility; suspected teratogen. (61495)

CIS 94-101 Nickel. (French: Nickel) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of skin and eyes; skin sensitization; dermatitis; pulmonary sensitization. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; chronic eczema; asthma; conjunctivitis; suspected human carcinogen. (61496)

CIS 94-102 Nickel sulphate. (French: Sulfate de nickel) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; digestive effects. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; asthma; suspected human carcinogen. (61497)

CIS 94-103 Nickel carbonyl. (French: Carbonyle de nickel) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: suspected human carcinogen and teratogen. (61498)

CIS 94-104 Nitrobenzene. (French: Nitrobenzène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects; mathaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; possible effects on blood, liver, central nervous system, and spleen; may impair male fertility. (61499)

CIS 94-105 p-Nitrophenol. (French: p-Nitrophénol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of respiratory tract, eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects; methaemoglobinaemia; renal damage. Long term exposure effects: central nervous system, blood, kidney and liver disorders. (61500)

CIS 94-106 Nitrous oxide. (French: Protoxyde d'azote) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: pernicious anaemia. (61501)

CIS 94-107 Ozone. (French: Ozone) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of respiratory tract and eyes; neurotoxic effects; delayed effects; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: pulmonary diseases. (61502)

CIS 94-108 Pentachlorophenol. (French: Pentachlorophénol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of skin and eyes; corrosive to the respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; heart failure. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; disorders of the central nervous system, lungs, liver and kidneys. (61503)

CIS 94-109 Phenol. (French: Phénol) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (delayed effects); central nervous system, liver and kidney disorders. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; kidney and liver damage. (61504)

CIS 94-110 Quinoline. (French: Quinoline) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: liver and kidney damage; damage to the retina; genetic effects. (61505)

CIS 94-111 Selenium. (French: Sélénium) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization. (61506)

CIS 94-112 Styrene. (French: Styrène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; suspected human carcinogen and teratogen; genetic effects. (61507)

CIS 94-113 Sulphur dioxide. (French: Dioxyde de soufre) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; lung and eye injury. Long-term exposure effects: pulmonary diseases. (61508)

CIS 94-114 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (French: Acide trichloro-2,4,5 phénoxyacétique) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: suspected human carcinogen and teratogen. (61509)

CIS 94-115 Tetrachloroethylene. (French: Tétrachloréthylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; eye irritation; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; hepatic and neurological disorders; suspected human carcinogen. (61510)

CIS 94-116 Thallium metal. (French: Thallium (métal)) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects; delayed effects. Long-term exposure effects: disorders of the vision, lungs, kidneys, liver and central nervous system; may cause birth defects. (61511)

CIS 94-117 Toluene. (French: Toluène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; cardiac arrhythmia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61512)

CIS 94-118 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. (French: Trichloro-1,1,1 éthane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; hepatic and renal disorders. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; hepatic and renal damage. (61513)

CIS 94-119 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. (French: Trichloro-1,1,2 éthane) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; hepatic and renal disorders. Long-term exposure effects: the liquid defats the skin. (61514)

CIS 94-120 Trichloroethylene. (French: Trichloréthylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the skin and eyes; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; genetic effects. (61515)

CIS 94-121 Vinyl chloride. (French: Chlorure de vinyle) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; eye irritation; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: liver damage; human carcinogen; genetic effects. (61516)

CIS 94-122 Vinylidene chloride. (French: Chlorure de vinylidène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects; irritation of eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; risk of hepatic and renal damage. (61517)

CIS 94-123 ortho-Xylene. (French: ortho-Xylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: extremely flammable; harmful. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and upper respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: respiratory disorders; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). EC identification number and labelling codes : 601-022-00-9; F, Xn; R11-20/21-38; S16-25-29. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1307 (3; II/III). (61518)

CIS 94-124 meta-Xylene. (French: meta-Xylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of throat and eyes; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: defatting of skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (61519)

CIS 94-125 para-Xylene. (French: para-Xylène) Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. (In Danish, Dutch, French, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of throat and eyes; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); defatting of the skin. (61520)

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CIS 94-126 Practical advice for safety and health at work. (Mauritius Creole: Conseils pratik lors sécurité ek santé dans travail) National Transport Corporation, Mauritius, no date. 11p. Illus. (In Mauritius Creole)

Illustrated guide to basic safety precautions in everyday work situations. Main topics covered: safe behaviour on the job; basic personal protective equipment; electrical safety; safe operation of grinding and cutting machines; welding safety; cleanliness; personal hygiene; tool use; lifting of weights. (61688)

CIS 94-127 Workplace safety pocket guide. Roy P.A., Genium Publishing Corporation, One Genium Plaza, Schenectady, NY 12304-4690, USA, 1991. 64p. Illus. Price: USD 4.18 (per copy, for a minimum order of 10 copies), lower prices for large-quantity orders, down to USD 1.03 per copy for orders of 10,000 or more., ISBN 0-931690-37-4 (In English)

Pocket guide to the most common workplace safety and health problems, written for workers. Topics covered: human factors; motor vehicle safety; personal protective equipment; eye protection; good housekeeping; ergonomics (carpal tunnel syndrome etc.); chemical hazards (solvents, corrosive substances); first aid; dermatitis; heat stress; confined spaces; slips and falls; fire safety; noise-induced hearing loss; electrical safety; lock-outs and tag-outs; respiratory protection; safe lifting practices; tool safety. In annex: warning symbols and labels; how to read a material safety data sheet. (61693)

CIS 94-128 Hazard and operability studies leader training and manual. Chemetics International Company Ltd., 1818 Cornwall Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6J 1C7, Canada, no date. 20p. (In English)

Schedule of a five-day course in hazard and operability studies for prospective leaders of such studies. The programme uses An introduction to hazard and operability studies - the guide work approach (see CIS 93-1327) and A manual of hazard and operability studies (see CIS 94-138). (61790)

CIS 94-129 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Latvian: Drošība, veselības aizsardzība un darba apstākļi - Mācību grāmata; Russian: Bezopasnost', ohrana zdorov'ja i uslovija truda - Učebnoe posobie) International Labour Office, Joint Industrial Safety Council, P.O. Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1992. 180p. + appended discussion leader's guide, 13+15p. Illus. (In Latvian, Russian)

Translation into Latvian and Russian (parallel-language text) of the illustrated training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions" published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. Detailed check lists ("useful hints") accompany each chapter. In annex: discussion leader's guide. (61700)

CIS 94-130 Activists' handbook of occupational health and safety. Pandey R., Kanhere V., Society for Participatory Research in Asia, 42, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi 110062, India, July 1993. 223p. 95 ref. Price: USD 20.00. (In English)

The principal problems faced by the Indian workforce are described for the benefit of trade union activists, journalists, medical personnel and others working to improve occupational safety and health. Chapter headings: introduction; safety; physical hazards; how women and children are affected; chemical hazards; hazards of dust; case studies; prevention of health hazards; occupational health: a legal perspective; further information. The case studies cover agate working, sewer maintenance, garbage collection and hospital work. The chapter on legal aspects summarizes existing laws and their application in practice; it includes a list of notifiable diseases under the Indian Factories Act (CIS 89-701) and a list of occupational diseases under the Workmen's Compensation and Employees' State Insurance Acts. "Further information" provides the names of 13 resource institutions in India as well as a bibliography. (61720)

CIS 94-131 Guidelines on cancer risk. (Norwegian: Veiviser om kreftrisiko) Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, no date. 15p. Illus. (In Norwegian)

This leaflet explains the main factors in carcinogenesis. Main topics: what causes cancer; evaluation of carcinogens; geographical differences in cancer risk; cancer risk when working with carcinogens. In annex: the Norwegian list of carcinogens (with classification). (61794)

CIS 94-132 Felling of trees - Where do the dangers lie?. (German: Das Fällen von Bäumen - wo liegen die Gefahren?) Rigling L., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, May 1993. 8p. Illus. 10 ref. (In German)

Many serious accidents occur in Switzerland every year during the felling of trees. The characteristic hazards were identified by analysis of 90 reported accidents. This booklet provides safety guidance to employers and workers in this area, especially as regards the positions of personnel in relation to the tree being felled. (61528)

CIS 94-133 Accidents are no accident!. (French: L'accident n'arrive pas par hasard!; German: Unfall - kein Zufall!; Italian: Non c'è infortunio senza causa!) Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit, Richtlinien-Büro, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 38p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This booklet describes safe working methods applicable to automobile repair and maintenance shops, service stations for light and heavy vehicles, repair and maintenance shops for agricultural equipment and enterprises that handle any of these vehicles. It may be used for training. (61522)

CIS 94-134 Safe repair. (French: Réparer en toute sécurité; German: Sicher reparieren; Italian: Lavori di riparazione) Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit, Richtlinien-Büro, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 47p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This booklet describes safe working methods applicable to automobile repair and maintenance shops, service stations for light and heavy vehicles, repair and maintenance shops or agricultural equipment and enterprises handling any of these vehicles. It expands on the information given in booklet CFST 6203 (see CIS 94-133). It may be used for training. Points covered: premises and equipment, handling of products and materials (cleaning agents, paints, etc.), working methods and behaviour, Swiss regulations. (61523)

CIS 94-135 Office safety pocket guide. Crossman R.M., Genium Publishing Corporation, One Genium Plaza, Schenectady, NY 12304-4690, USA, 1993. 61p. Price: USD 4.18 (per copy, for a minimum order of 10 copies), lower prices for large-quantity orders, down to USD 1.03 per copy for orders of 10,000., ISBN 0-931690-51-X (In English)

Pocket guide to office safety aimed at workers. Topics covered: office fire safety; electrical hazards; physical hazards (falling and stumbling); back injuries; health hazards (air pollution, noise, chemical hazards, asbestos); stress prevention; first aid; parking lot and vehicle safety. Check lists and question-and-answer quizzes accompany the text. Glossary of safety terms. (61692)

CIS 94-136 The MSDS pocket dictionary: What does an MSDS mean? - Terms used on MSDSs. Genium Publishing Corporation, One Genium Plaza, Schenectady, NY 12304-4690, USA, 1993. 64p. Price: USD 4.18 (per copy, for a minimum order of 10 copies), lower prices for large-quantity orders, down to USD 1.03 per copy for orders of 10,000 or more., ISBN 0-931690-27-7 (In English)

A pocket guide to material safety data sheets (MSDSs), aimed at workers. It provides detailed description of the format of MSDSs and of the usual information in the fields found on them: material identification; ingredients and hazards; physical data; fire and explosion data; reactivity data; health hazards; spill, leak and disposal procedures; special protection measures; special precautions and comments. A sample MSDS on sulfuric acid is included. Detailed glossary of terms and abbreviations found on warning labels and MSDSs. (61694)

CIS 94-137 Storage and transfer of dangerous chemicals. (French: Stockage et transvasement des produits chimiques dangereux) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Mar. 1993. 29p. Illus. 14 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0202-2 (In French)

Illustrated training guide aimed in particular at managers with little knowledge of chemistry in small and medium-sized enterprises not subject to environmental legislation. It contains basic information on the prevention of hazards occurring during the storage and transfer of dangerous chemical products. Some topics covered: labelling, storage in fixed reservoirs and in mobile containers, filling of tankers, transfer of products into smaller containers, training and information of workers. (61767)

CIS 94-138 A manual of hazard and operability studies. The creative identification of deviations and disturbances. Knowlton R.E., Chemetics International Company Ltd., 1818 Cornwall Avenue, Vancouver, British Colombia V6J 1C7, Canada, 1992. x, 240p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: CAD 85.00 + shipping. (In English)

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies are introduced as a systematic approach to the identification of potential hazards in a manufacturing process. Each factor in the process is identified, the intended course of each step is described and the effect of deviations in the operation or behaviour of each element is predicted. Further contents: the principles of process safety and of HAZOP study (by guide words and by creative checklists), the HAZOP study procedure, its integration into the life cycle of a unit, management issues and the roles of personnel involved in such studies. Appendices provide guidance for study leaders, examples of applications, a brief history of the discipline, types and sources of training, benefits of HAZOP studies, uses made of HAZOP by enterprises and regulators, and illustrations of typical forms for recording and analysis of data. (61705)

CIS 94-139 Pocket guide to first aid for chemical injuries: What to do in a chemical exposure incident. Upfal M.J., Genium Publishing Corporation, One Genium Plaza, Schenectady, NY 12304-4690, USA, 1991. 76p. Illus., ISBN 0-931690-38-2 (In English)

This pocket guide is aimed at workers who work with potentially dangerous chemicals. Contents: different hazards of chemicals; physical and chemical forms of hazardous materials; proper first aid preparation; assessment of the situation subsequent to a chemical exposure incident; detailed instructions to common first-aid procedures; evacuation and rescue; resuscitation; decontamination; decontamination of the digestive tract; specific treatment of chemical injury; medical treatment; treatment of associated injuries. In annex: glossary of medical terms. (61691)

CIS 94-140 Electrical accidents. (French: Accidents d'origine électrique) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, May 1993. 37p. Illus., ISBN 2-85599-047-5 (In French)

Illustrated training booklet aimed at workers and supervisors. It describes typical electrical accidents and the lessons to be drawn from them. Accident statistics (for France), analysis of accident causes and major preventive measures are also given. The following safety points are emphasized: the smallest case of negligence may lead to serious accidents; regulations and safety rules are there to be obeyed. (61768)

CIS 94-141 Air humidification. (French: Humidification de l'air; German: Luftbefeuchtung; Italian: Umidificazione dell'aria) Lehmann M., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Sep. 1993. 8p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English, French, German, Italian)

Some enterprises require the installation of humidification equipment because constant relative humidity is necessary in the production process. However, poorly or infrequently cleaned humidifiers can cause diseases, such as "humidifier fever" or "humidifier lung". This booklet describes measures for preventing these diseases. (61526)

CIS 94-142 Work with table saws: Cutting to a mark with the cross-cut guide. (French: Le travail à la scie circulaire à table: sciage selon tracé à l'aide du guide transversal; German: Schneiden nach Riss an der Tischkreissäge mit dem Winkelanschlag; Italian: Taglio seguendo la tracciatura alla sega circolare a tavola con la guida angolare) Arnold O., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Sep. 1992. 12p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

During visits to enterprises, safety specialists of the Swiss Accident Insurance Institute (SUVA) often find persons having difficulty following lines when using circular saws fitted with SUVA's cross-cut (mitering) guide. These difficulties can be avoided by adapting the guide to the workpiece. Several examples show how this can be done to achieve both safety and economy. (61524)

CIS 94-143 Kickback on planers. (French: Rejet de pièces sur toupies (fraises montées sur table); German: Werkstück - Rückschläge an Kehlmaschinen (Tischfräsmaschinen); Italian: Rigetto del pezzo in lavorazione alle toupie (frescatrici)) Oberli H., Flury F., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Sep. 1992. 8p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

Most woodworkers are aware of the danger of kickback of workpieces on planers. However, safety specialists of the Swiss Accident Insurance Institute (SUVA) frequently see cases in which the forces involved in kickback are underestimated. This booklet is a collection of information intended to help prevent this kind of accident. (61525)

CIS 94-144 Lock-outs. (French: Consignations et déconsignations) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, July 1993. 23p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0200-6 (In French)

Many accidents are due to inadequately protected machinery or equipment that has been shut down/inactivated for repairs, maintenance or other reasons. Such accidents may occur because of contact with electrically live surfaces, exposure to dangerous chemicals, unexpected machine movement or the action of pressurized fluids. In most cases, the victim believes that he/she is safe, while the lock-out system is inadequate. This guide is aimed at setting up lock-out procedures that are appropriate to the situation. Other methods suitable for safe shut-down procedures are also discussed. The guide may be useful for both designers and users of equipment. (61770)

CIS 94-145 Stockpiling safety. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1992. 58p. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

This training manual deals with the safe operation of mobile equipment on and around surface stockpiles of material awaiting shipping and processing. It discusses the hazards associated with stockpiles and reviews the procedures that can be used to minimize the occurrence of accidents. Main topics discussed: accidents involving mobile equipment and stockpiles; job experience; drug and alcohol abuse; seat belts; stockpiling techniques; removal of material from the base of a stockpile ("loading out at the toe"); slope instability; problems specific to equipment type (haulage trucks, front-end loaders, dozers, scrapers, trucks); working on foot. (61621)

CIS 94-146 MSHA's guide to equipment guarding for metal and nonmetal mining. Mine Safety and Health Administration, Ballston Towers #3, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22203, USA, 1992. 32p. Illus. (In English)

Safety guide to machine guarding in the mining industry. (61685)

CIS 94-147 Scaffolding in elevator shafts. (French: Echafaudages dans les cages d'ascenseurs; German: Liftschachtgerüste; Italian: Impalcature per vani d'ascensori) Mäder A., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, July 1993. 11p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

This information note is intended for foremen on site and for workers in elevator installation or repair enterprises. Safety rules for erecting and using scaffolding in elevator shafts are emphasized. Applicable Swiss regulations are cited. (61527)

CIS 94-148 Mechanical working and handling of wood. (French: Travail et mise en œuvre mécanique du bois; German: Machinelles Bearbeiten und Behandeln von Holz; Italian: Lavorazione e trattamento del legno con attrezzature meccaniche) SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, August 1991. 64p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

Update of the data sheet ref. 22021 (1982) abstracted under CIS 83-823. The comments of the Swiss Federal Council's Order of 28 April 1971 (CIS 92-1081) are presented as a detailed technical information note on accident prevention in the mechanical working and handling of wood and other solid organic materials. General provisions (electrical equipment, speeds, personal protection); special provisions for surface planers and thicknessers, spindle moulders, moulding and tenoning machines, vertical frame saws, circular saws, band saws, chain mortisers, portable chain saws, knothole boring machines, veneer clippers, roller coating machines, platen presses, combined woodworking machines. (61798)

CIS 94-149 Leptospirosis; Leptospirosis in pigs. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, [1993?]. 2 brochures of 2p. each. Illus. (In English)

Two safety brochures devoted to leptospirosis (also known as Weil's disease and swineherds' disease), a common zoonosis caught from cattle, pigs, deer and some wild animals. Symptoms, means and spread of infection, persons at risk and preventative measures are described. (61689)

CIS 94-150 Watch out for tick bites. (French: Attention aux piqûres de tiques; German: Vorsicht bei Zeckenstich; Italian: Attenzione alle punture di zecche) Rast H.P., SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, July 1993. 7p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

Booklet to make workers aware of the hazards of tick bites. Aspects covered: the dangers, who is at risk, the season when bites can be expected in Europe, spring and summer meningo-encephalitis, what to do in case of a bite, preventing measures. (61529)

CIS 94-151 What you should know about housekeeping at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton GU34 1ND, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1993. 15p. Illus. (In English)

Training booklet using simple text and pictures to illustrate the importance of housekeeping and tidiness in improving workplace safety, productivity and morale. (61687)

CIS 94-152 Ergonomics for beginners - A quick reference guide. Dul J., Weerdmeester B.A., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1993. xii, 133p. Illus. 58 ref. Index. Price: GBP 9.95., ISBN 0-7484-0079-6 (In English)

The text of this guide useful for training purposes is pitched at the introductory level. Contents: introduction to ergonomics and its social significance; posture and movement (biomechanical, physiological and anthropometric background, sitting, standing, lifting, carrying); information and operation (visual information, hearing and other senses, controls); environmental factors (noise, vibration, illumination, climate, chemical substances); tasks and jobs; an ergonomic approach to the design or acquisition of production systems, machines and accessories; sources of additional information. A checklist usable in many work setting is appended. (61543)

CIS 94-153 A carer's guide to moving and handling patients. Slade P., Okunowo R., Ross J., National Back Pain Association, 31-33 Park Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0AB, United Kingdom, 1993. 27p. Illus., ISBN 0-9507726-7-4 (In English)

Of the estimated 7 million people in the UK who provide care to patients in the patients' homes, many can be expected to damage their own backs by improper handling and moving practices. This illustrated booklet shows proper techniques, emphasizes the role of the patient in reducing the carer's effort, calls attention to environmental factors (lighting, stairs, choice of furniture and medical appliances) that can make patients more mobile, and counsels carers to seek assistance from physicians, district nurses and community physiotherapists. (61651)

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CIS 94-154 Training in occupational health nursing. (Estonian: "Muljed täiendusõppest on suurepärased"; Russian: "Vpečatlenija - velikolepnye" - Za kruglym stolom) Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1993, No.2, p.10-11 (Estonian), p.22-24 (English), p.33 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

Survey of recent activities involving the training, with the assistance of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, of occupational health nurses in Estonia. (61559)

CIS 94-155 Monitoring health and safety performance - An overview. Booth R.T., Journal of Health and Safety, Sep. 1993, No.9, p.5-16. 6 ref. (In English)

This paper describes the methods available to monitor health and safety performance as part of the overall process of health and safety management. The paper suggests that traditional beliefs about the management and regulation of health and safety have held back the development of proactive health and safety management. Moreover employers have relied unduly on accident data as a safety performance indicator. The paper reviews the relative merits of proprietary and 'in-house' audit questionnaires, and presents a checklist that may be used to evaluate audit systems. (61711)

CIS 94-156 Swiss and Community legislation in the field of health and safety at work: Similarities and differences. (French: Le droit suisse et le droit communautaire dans le domaine de la protection de la santé et de la sécurité des travailleurs: convergences et divergences) Meyer J., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.185-194. (In French)

Comparative study of Swiss and European Communities legislation on safety and health at work. Survey of Community rules (directives adopted following the Treaty of Rome, directives which came into force after the 1986 Single European Act); survey of Swiss rules (A. Safety, including laws and ordinances pertaining to specific risks; B. The protection of workers' safety; C. General characteristics of legislation); similarities and differences: Swiss law does not cover some of the specific issues dealt with by Community rules; role of the CNA, workers' participation: the author is of the opinion that OSH law-making in Switzerland is too erratic and that legislation depends too much on economic needs and on the requirements of consensus. (61755)

CIS 94-157 Research topics completed in 1992. (Estonian: 1992. aastal lõppenud töömeditsiinialased uurimistööd; Russian: Obzor zakončennyh rabot za 1992 god) Põlluste J., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1993, No.2, p.8-9 (Estonian), p.20-21 (English), p.32 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

Short reports on eight OSH research projects conducted by the Department of Occupational Medicine of Estonia and completed during 1992. Topics covered included: exposure to toxic substances in the workplace, in laboratories and in highly polluted areas (4 projects); register of occupational diseases (1 project); contracts for companies concerning working conditions (3 projects). (61558)

CIS 94-158 XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine - First European meeting - Topic 1: Environment and occupational medicine. (French: XXIIes Journées nationales de médecine du travail - Première rencontre européenne - Thème 1: Environnement et médecine du travail) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.2, vi, 172p. Bibl.ref. (In French)

Papers and posters presented at the XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine on the environment and occupational medicine (Nantes, France, 2-5 June 1992). Main topics relating to health at work: biotechnology and occupational medicine; major chemical and technological risks; occupational medicine and the circadian rhythm; toxicological database for use in case of a major accident (Isère, France); waste dump workers as sentinels for the general public; utility to occupational medicine of requests for permits to market chemical products; collection of household waste in a large city: environmental and occupational risks; biocidal substances in water and occupational pathology; the environment and the quarrying industry; chemical risk and the environment in the building industry. Posters. (61627)

CIS 94-159 Industrial medicine and the culture of health and safety at work. Georg A., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.43-46. 7 ref. (In English)

Prevention in modern-day German OHS is not only an additional task. The change from check-up medicine to a holistic design for industrial health and safety has consequences for various levels of everyday routine. This article introduces two studies which describe aspects of the culture of health and safety at work. The study of the Landesinstitut Sozialforschungsstelle analyses the co-operation between company doctors and labour inspectors; the Gesellschaft für Arbeitsschutz- und Humanisierungsforschung (GfAH) case study shows some of the practical difficulties that arise when an attempt is made to implement prevention-oriented occupational medicine in any one company. (61779)

CIS 94-160 Supply and demand factors in occupational health; determinants of self-reported compliance with the workplace related requirements of the German Work Safety Law. Behrens J., Müller R., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.47-49. 3 ref. (In English)

This study evaluates the extent to which German company doctors reported having carried out the workplace-related activities as required by the Law on occupational safety "ASiG" (CIS 85-1190). Postal questionnaires were completed by 502 German company doctors. Approximately one-third of those who responded reported having complied with the requirements of the Law with regard to workplace-related prevention. Multivariate analysis was applied to discover the factors that influenced compliance. It is concluded that investment in supply-side factors (doctors' qualifications, experience and resources) are not sufficient to bring about compliance. More important are the demand-side regulations which directly address the health and safety culture of the companies. (61780)

CIS 94-161 European legislation on health and safety at work - How much do small and large business in the Netherlands know about it?. (Dutch: De Europese wetgeving over veilig en gezond werken: wat weten kleine en grote bedrijven in Nederland ervan?) Bloemhoff A., Lourijsen E.C.M.P., Smulders P.G.W., de Gier H.G., (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment), Nederlands Instituut voor Praeventieve Gezondheidszorg (TNO), Postbus 124, 2300 AC Leiden, Netherlands, 1993. 57p. (Dutch edition), 55p. (English edition). Illus. 11 ref., ISBN 90-6743-234-2 (ned), ISBN 90-6743-238-5 (Eng) (In Dutch, English)

Results of a survey among small to medium-sized employers (those having less than 100 employees) and large employers (100 or more employees). Interviews were conducted on the telephone regarding knowledge on the subject of health and safety at work. This publication contains: the current situation with regard to health and safety at work in the Netherlands; findings as to what employers in the Netherlands knew about the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work (1992) and EEC Directives concerning working conditions; employers' opinions regarding the prevalence of work-related sickness and accidents in the Netherlands. Results are presented for the Netherlands as a whole and for each of the following industrial sectors: agriculture and fisheries; manufacturing and mining; construction; retail trade, hotels and catering; transport and communications; business services; other services. It is concluded that Dutch employers do not know enough about new EEC Directives and are not sufficiently aware of work-related health and safety risks. (61631)

CIS 94-162 Databases on measures to prevent occupational exposure - Proposal for a data bank structure. Swustep, Hale A., Zimmerman G., Safety Science Group, Delft University of Technology, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. vi, 103p. 26 ref., ISBN 90-399-0376-X (In English)

This is a report on the second part of a study on the feasibility of developing a solution databank to assist companies in locating solutions for their health and safety problems. It summarizes the conclusions of the review of existing databanks described in the first report (Swuste and Hale 1992: S 151, see CIS 93-450) and specifies the objectives and structure of the proposed databank. Based on a consideration of the available classification systems for information on solutions, the report specifies how the data could be stored and it provides assistance to users in locating solutions close to the source or in gaining access to comparable processes which are intrinsically less hazardous. The proposed databank has a user-interface system with two potential entry points corresponding to two basic types of solution: firstly based on the production process subdivided into the production (principle and function as access point to substitute methods of production); secondly, the emission and transmission process as the access point for more conventional hygiene control measures. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61637)

CIS 94-163 Work injury statistics for Canada - Disability rates (1982-1986). (French: Statistiques sur les accidents du travail au Canada - Taux d'invalidité (1982-1986)) Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. (In English, French)

Disabling work injury rates in Canada, by industry and by year, during the period 1982-1986. (61629)

CIS 94-164 Fatal occupational accidents in Finland. Tallberg T., Mattila M., Lepistö J., In: Nielsen R. and Jorgensen K. (eds.), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety V., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 OPR, Hants, United Kingdom, 1993, p.615-619. 7 ref. (In English)

A method for the analysis of fatal occupational accident reports was developed and 235 reports compiled between 1985 and 1990 and involving 244 fatalities were analyzed. Common factors contributing to fatal occupational accidents were identified and recommendations made for accident prevention. Fatal accidents were most common in the construction industry, while the most common factors contributing to the accidents included work organization procedures, the work environment, machines and equipment and human behaviour. (61702)

CIS 94-165 National occupational accident statistics (for the years 1989, 1990 and 1991). (French: Statistiques nationales d'accidents du travail (années 1989, 1990, 1991)) Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Direction de la prévention et des risques professionnels, 33 ave. du Maine, BP 7, 75755 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1993. 370+39p. (In French)

Financial statistics based on information provided by the 16 French regional health insurance funds. Nationwide and regional data are broken down by industry, and by various factors such as: number of accidents resulting in absence from work; those resulting in permanent disability or death; average cost of accidents resulting in absence from work or in permanent disability; overall risk by region; trends in the annual incidence rate from 1989 to 1991; age, sex and nationality of the victim; professional qualification of the victim; nature of and body part affected by the injury; place where the accident took place; causes. Occupational diseases are also covered by region and industry. Community accidents. Statistics for 1991 are examined in more detail, and with the help of charts, in a booklet (39p.) attached to this book. (61799)

CIS 94-166 Activities of the Labour Inspectorate in 1991. (German: Die Tätigkeit der Arbeitsinspektion im Jahre 1991) Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Zentral-Arbeitsinspektorat, Stubenring 1, 1010 Wien, Austria, 1993. 313p. Illus. (In German)

Contents: role and responsibilities of the Inspectorate; new legal provisions; analysis of occupational accidents and disease statistics; protection of special categories of workers (women, young workers) and working conditions (hours of work, night work, home work); coordination, information and training activities of the Inspectorate. (61521)

CIS 94-167 Foundation "Clinica del Lavoro": Annual Report 1992; Research Projects 1993. (Italian: Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro - Attività scientifica 1992; Progetti di ricerca 1993) Centro Medico di Pavia, Via S. Boezio 26, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1993. 958p. Illus. Index. (In Italian)

Contents of this Annual Report: scientific and medical activities (including publications and courses) of the Foundation; research tasks and available instrumentation of the regional medical centres of the Foundation; currently conducted research projects (incl. name of responsible researcher); abstracts of scientific articles and conference papers recently published by foundation-financed scientists; list of journals received by Foundation libraries. (61740)

CIS 94-168 Women of courage. Yeandle S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 129p. 29 ref. Price: GBP 10.95., ISBN 0-11-886373-8 (In English)

This book identifies the changing and challenging role of lady inspectors over the last 100 years and marks the important impact women have made on health and safety at work in the United Kingdom, and in some cases, further afield. Topics covered: appointment of the first lady inspectors and their work in various industries during the period 1893-1913; responsibilities and opportunities during the two world wars and the inter-war years; post-war technological change; lady specialist inspectors; the experience of lady inspectors today. (61764)

CIS 94-169 1991 Annual Report of the Occupational Diseases Compensation Fund [Belgium]. (Dutch: Fonds voor de Beroepsziekten - Jaarverslag, Dienstjaar 1991; French: Rapport annuel du Fonds des maladies professionnelles - Exercice 1991 [Belgique]) Fonds voor de beroepsziekten, Sterrenkundelaan 1, 1030 Brussel, Belgium, 1991. 177p. Illus. (In Dutch, French)

Contents of this annual report: I. Organization and operation of the insurance fund. 1. Overview of Belgian legislation pertaining to occupational diseases (list of applicable and abrogated laws and Royal orders). 2. Occupational Diseases Compensation Fund: 1. Notification of occupational diseases by industrial physicians (breakdown by diagnosis, sex, nationality, age, industry and occupation). 2. Claims for compensation (evolution of the numbers of diseases reported, breakdown by sex, nationality, place of residence, origin of claim). 3. Issue of claims. 4. Beneficiaries of workmen's compensation. 5. Isolation from harmful environment and preventive action. II. Statistical data in tabular form. III. Financial data. (61530)

CIS 94-170 Health and safety. Are you at risk?. Hopkins M.W., Warren M.H., CCH Editions Ltd., Telford Road, Bicester, Oxfordshire OX6 OXD, United Kingdom, 1993. xiii, 204p. Index. Price: GBP 24.95., ISBN 0-86325-317-2 (In English)

This guide provides an overview of the new safety and health regulations introduced in Great Britain on 1 January 1993, highlights important features of each and gives practical guidance. Regulations covered: the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 (The Framework Regulations) (CIS 92-1754); the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-6); the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-5); the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-24); the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-36); the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-351). The full text of the Regulations and of related EC Directives is included. (61545)

CIS 94-171 Risk assessment - International conference 1992. HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 2 vols. 563p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Proceedings of an international conference on risk assessment held in London, United Kingdom, 5-9 October 1992. Papers are presented under the following headings: what is risk assessment and what do we want from it? (views and needs of employers, employees, consumers and environmentalists); the role of risk assessment in international policy; risk assessment in practice (chemicals, pesticides, radiation, biotechnology, offshore installations, nuclear industry, transport); risk assessment in decision-making (environmental policy, cost analysis); communicating risk assessments; how well does risk assessment serve our needs? (61550)

CIS 94-172 An information system about job loads and hazards for occupational health care. Mattila M., Korpinen L., In: Industrial health and safety, Proceedings of the second international workshop on personal computers and databases in occupational health, Official Pubications of the European Communities, 2895 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1991, p.245-250. 6 ref. (In English)

A systematic job load and hazard analysis (JLHA) method for workplace investigation is described. The method involves information collection, evaluation of findings, development of occupational health care measures and follow-up. Physical and chemical hazards, physical workloads, mental stress factors and risks of injury are assessed on a three-point rating scale. A computer program was developed to collect and process the JLHA data and provide detailed outputs on job assessments, job rankings based on load and hazards, and appropriate health care programmes. (61719)

CIS 94-173 Workplace action pack. HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 48p. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

This action pack was issued in connection with the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work 1992 and contains suggestions for activities during "Workplace Health and Safety Week", 23-27 November 1992. Guidance on the preparation of a written health and safety policy statement is presented along with seven check lists concerning aspects of the working environment and an outline of hazards and control measures in four main areas: clean air at work; safe working practices; well-being at work; noise and vibration. (61759)

CIS 94-174 Practical risk assessment - Guidance for SMEs. Engineering Employers Federation, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London SW1 9NQ, United Kingdom, Apr. 1993. 24p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 0-901700-40-1 (In English)

Booklet aimed at the managers of small and medium-sized enterprises. Although the regulatory framework is the UK Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992, the principles presented are of general applicability. The essential part or risk assessment is to inventory all the activities, materials, substances, equipment, people and procedures in the workplace, as well as the characteristics of the workplace itself. The hazards of each can then be identified and prioritized, and risk reduction measures undertaken. A checklist groups typical hazards under 13 headings: mechanical, transport, access, handling/lifting, electricity, chemicals, fire and explosion, particles and dust, radiation, biological, environmental, organizational and the individual. (61660)

CIS 94-175 Enforcement policy and list of serious offences. (Dutch: Handhavingsbeleid en lijst van ernstige overtredingen) Labour Inspectorate (Arbeidsinspectie), SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 20p., ISBN 90-399-0509-6 (In Dutch)

This guidance document describes the way in which the Dutch Labour Inspectorate enforces occupational health and safety legislation. Furthermore, a list is presented of serious offences against the Working Environment Act, the Labour Act and the Nuclear Energy Act, offences that might result in hazardous situations. The aim of this publication is to give companies and employees insight in which cases the Labour Inspectorate will issue a prohibition order (prohibiting persons from remaining in places the Labour Inspectorate designates or ordering that activities they specify must cease or may not be started because of the serious danger they entail). (61639)

CIS 94-176 Management of health and safety at work. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 25p. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-886330-4 (In English)

This Code of Practice gives guidance on the application of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 (CIS 92-1754) in all work activities to which the Regulations apply, including construction. Contents: citation, commencement and interpretation; principles and purposes of risk assessment and guidance on risk assessment in practice; health and safety arrangements; health surveillance; health and safety assistance, and appointment of competent persons; procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas; information for employees; co-operation and co-ordination; persons working in host employer's or self-employed persons' undertakings; capabilities and training; employees' duties; temporary workers. (61758)

CIS 94-177 Safety, health & the law software: The Occupational Health and Safety Act on diskette [Canada - Ontario]. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1993. Computer diskettes (for IBM-compatible microcomputers, on 2 3.5" diskettes or 3 5.25" diskettes; to be installed on a hard disk). (In English)

Computerized menu-driven application, including the full text of the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act and the Regulations issued under it (for an abstract of a recent version of both, see CIS 93-1052), as well as of the Guide to Ontario legislation published by IAPA (see CIS 93-473). The application which takes full advantage of the use of screen colours and the mouse, is well indexed and enables users to establish fast linkage between related pieces of information. Many decision trees are included, for ease of use by health and safety representatives at the shop-floor level. The main menu enables access to the information by initial letter, as well as by main topic: definitions; administration; refusals; enforcement; duties; reprisals; penalties; application; toxic substances; notices; regulations. (61695)

CIS 94-178 OSHA Regulations, Documents, and Technical Information [USA]. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, D.C. 20210, USA, version A93-3, May 1993. Updated quarterly. CD-ROM disk (for IBM-compatible microcomputers); search software can be installed from the CD-ROM. (In English)

CD-ROM disk containing the full text of all OSHA regulations and standards (including the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970, CIS 89-351, updated to the current edition of the CD-ROM), as well as the full text of the following documents: Federal Register Index (OSH applications only); variances; OSHA documents (standard interpretations, corporate-wide settlement agreements, Congressional testimonies, hazard information bulletins, memorandums of understanding, speeches, directives, fact sheets, compliances, agency memos); the OSHA Field Operations Manual; the OSHA Technical Manual; chemical sampling information; blood level laboratories; the OSHA library catalogue. A manual describing the search software and the databases is available on the CD-ROM in Wordperfect 5.1 or ASCII format. (61696)

CIS 94-179 OSH-ROM on SilverPlatter. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. 2 CD-ROM disks + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible or Apple Macintosh microcomputers). Price: USD 1,078.00 (single user), USD 1,617.00 (multi-users). (In English)

Set of two CD-ROM disks with four major databases covering occupational safety and health. Overall, there are > 350,000 records (1991), with ca. 20,000 additions annually. More than 500 journals and 100,000 monographs and technical reports are cited. Most records include an abstract. The databases are: Disk 1: CISDOC (from CIS-ILO, see CIS 94-183); HSELINE (from the HSE in the United Kingdom); MHIDAS (major hazards incidents database, from the UK Atomic Energy Authority and HSE). Disk 2: NIOSHTIC (from NIOSH in the US). (61812)

CIS 94-180 OSH-UK on SilverPlatter [United Kingdom]. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. CD-ROM disk + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible microcomputers). Price: USD 1,488.00 (single user). (In English)

CD-ROM disk with the full text of all (approx. 450) United Kingdom laws and regulations concerning occupational safety and health. In addition, the full text of > 1,000 reports, guidance and advice documents from the UK Health and Safety Commission are included, as well as approx. 1,000 abstracts of British Standards concerned with occupational safety and health. (61813)

CIS 94-181 CCINFOdisc CD-ROM Series [Canada]. (French: Série de CD-ROM CCINFO [Canada]) Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada (for North America); International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland (for the rest of the world). Updated quarterly. Set of 6 CD-ROM disks; search software on CD-ROM. Price (if ordered from CIS): CHF 480.00 (Disk A1), CHF 410.00 (other disks), CHF 2,277.00 (set). (In English, French)

Set of six CD-ROM disks containing > 30 databases. Contents of the disks: A1 (MSDSdisc) - MSDS; CHEMINFO. A2 (CHEM Source) - CHEMINFO; CHEMICAL INFOGRAMS; RIPP; PRIS; TDG/49CFR; CESARS; New Jersey HSFS; DSL/NDSL; NiPERA CAB (on effects of Nickel). B1 (OSH CanData) - Canadian studies; Resource organizations; Resource people; Case law; Standards and directories; Canadiana; Fatality Reports; Mining Incidents; Aidsscan; Directory of OSH legislation; Noise levels; Essentials; Non-ionizing radiation levels; OSH software directory. B2 (OSH InterData) - CISILO (i.e. CISDOC, see CIS 94-183); International Directory of OSH Institutions (from CIS); INRS-B (France); INOR-Organizations INRS; INET Research Projects. C1 (NIOSHTIC) - NIOSHTIC (from NIOSH in the US); DIDS (from NIOSH). C2 (RTECS) - RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances). (61819)

CIS 94-182 Worksafe-Disc^TM [Australia]. Publications Sales, Worksafe Australia, GPO Box 58, Sydney NSW, 2001, Australia. Updated quarterly. 2 CD-ROM disks (for IBM-compatible microcomputers) + installation disc with search software + user manual + quick reference guide. Price: AUD 1,270.00/year (single user); AUD 2,892.00/year (network users). (In English)

Two CD-ROM disks containing the following databases: full-text material safety data sheets (MSDSs); Australian exposure standards; Australian OSH bibliographic database; Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS); the bibliographic database of the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSHTIC). (61820)

CIS 94-183 CISDOC. (French: CISDOC) International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1974- . Bibliographic database. Available on-line (hosts: ORBIT, QUESTEL, CCINFOLINE, MEDLARS-at-MIC, ESA-IRS) and on CD-ROM (CCOHS's CCINFO Disc "B", SilverPlatter's OSH-ROM applications). (In English, French)

Bibliographic database consisting of ca. 42,000 bilingual records (end of 1993), each with abstract and controlled-vocabulary indexing terms. All aspects of occupational safety and health are covered, with basic classification according to the nature of the hazard, and type of document (laws, standards and directives; chemical safety data sheets; training material and audiovisual materials; periodical articles; books; reports; statistics; information and guidance notes; databases). Documents from around the world, in many languages, are included. Updating is 2-3000 per year. The contents of the abstracting journal Safety and Health at Work are based on the latest entries of this database. (61811)

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CIS 94-184 Contact lenses - Risks and advantages in the workplace. (French: Les lentilles de contact - Risques et avantages en milieu de travail) Tourte J., Loriot J., Méreau P., Le concours médical, 1989, Vol.111, No.39, p.3467-3475. Illus. 30 ref. (In French)

Updated survey of the hazards and advantages of contact lenses in the workplace. The wearing of contact lenses is increasing in popularity, and it must be kept in mind that they do not substitute for safety glasses. A psychological study is made of the rumours concerning occupational accidents affecting contact lens wearers, which became widespread after an actual incident in Baltimore in 1967 affecting an arch welder. The results of recent experiments are summarized. Survey of mechanical, chemical, physical and infectious hazards to contact lens wearers in the workplace in the absence of preventive measures. The particular problems of sensitive workplaces (control centres etc.) long work-shifts and respirators are reviewed. Other topics covered: advantages of contact lenses in certain jobs, what to do after an accident, role of the occupational physician, legislation in France, medical supervision. (61678)

CIS 94-185 Limitations of biological monitoring of polychlorobiphenyls (PCS) in the case of an accidental exposure. (French: Limites de la surveillance biologique des polychlorobiphényles (PCB) lors d'une exposition accidentelle) Sarthou-Mountengou M., Covain Y., Giacomoni L., Kernen A., Lecarpentier C., Marsan P., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, vol.53, No.1, p.5-11. Illus. 21 ref. (In French)

Critical assessment of the main findings resulting from clinical, biological and environmental enquiries done after the explosion of an insulated pyralene appliance: there was no significant exposure to pyralene and its toxic by-products as a result of the accident; traces of occupational exposure were revealed among electricians of the firm who have not worked with pyralene since 1985. As the plasma concentration of PCB is, in the case of an accidental explosion, considered as a biological marker of possible poisoning, the following observations must be made with the following restrictions: among occupationally exposed staff, the normal plasma concentration of PCBs might already be significantly raised, and the determination method itself might not be accurate. (61626)

CIS 94-186 The immune system as target for subclinical lead related toxicity. Fischbein A., Tsang P., Luo J.C.J., Bekesi J.G., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.185-186. 16 ref. (In English)

Fifty-four firearm instructor volunteers underwent immunological tests in order to see what effect lead (Pb) exposure has on the immune system. The instructors were divided into two groups: one group of 15 (HL group, with blood Pb concentrations >25µg/dL, mean 31.4µg/dL) and another of 39 (LL group, with blood Pb concentration <25µg/dL, mean 14.6µg/dL). The HL group showed considerable reductions in the percentage and absolute number of circulating T cells and T helper cells, a significant reduction in the T helper cell/T suppressor cell ratio and significant changes in lymphocyte functional parameters. (61732)

CIS 94-187 Diseases of unusual occupations: An historical perspective. Cherniack M.G., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.369-384. 82 ref. (In English)

An historical review of the nature and occurrence of some unusual occupational diseases is presented: coal miners' nystagmus; scrotal cancer and chimney sweeps; phossy jaw and matchmaking; mercurialism and hatters' shakes; painters' colic; potters' rot and endemic silicosis; chauffeurs' knee and the diseases of transportation; glanders and unusual infectious occupational diseases (factory fever, woolsorters' disease); diseases affecting work in marine-related occupations (mariners' tuberculosis, caisson disease); craft neuroses and trade palsies (writers' and telegraphers' cramps); unusual occupations and contemporary occupational diseases. (61531)

CIS 94-188 The less common occupational dermatoses. Hogan D.J., Tanglertsampan C., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.385-401. Illus. 60 ref. (In English)

While contact dermatitis and nonmelanoma skin cancer are the most common occupational skin disorders in North America, there are many other occupational dermatoses that illustrate the wide range of pathological and adaptive responses of the skin to workplace exposure. Discussed are: acne, chemically induced leukoderma, nail diseases, contact-related burns, high pressure injection injuries, knuckle pads, contact urticaria, heat reactions, isomorphic (Koebner) reaction, photosensitivity, exogenous discoloration of the skin and infections. (61532)

CIS 94-189 Unusual occupationally related disorders of the lung: Case reports and a literature review. Blanc P.D., Golden J.A., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.403-422. 127 ref. (In English)

Five pulmonary conditions for which occupational or environmental exposures are not typically emphasized are reviewed in their clinical-pathologic context: diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, lipoid pneumonitis, granulomatous lung disease, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary vascular disease. Reported associations between these conditions and occupational or environmental chemical exposures are critically evaluated. (61533)

CIS 94-190 Unusual occupational rheumatologic and musculoskeletal disorders. Morse L.H., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.423-432. 70 ref. (In English)

Occupational rheumatologic and musculoskeletal disorders are reviewed in two general categories: those due to repetitive motions or cumulative trauma (thoracic outlet syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome); and disorders with other aetiologies including those of chemical origin (Raynaud's phenomenon, scleroderma, bone disorders, pneumoconioses, Caplan's syndrome). Occupational activities associated with these disorders are identified along with recommendations for their diagnosis and management. (61534)

CIS 94-191 Unusual occupational gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders. Fleming L.E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.433-448. 162 ref. (In English)

This review investigates associations between workplace exposures and the following noncancerous liver and gastrointestinal diseases: steatosis, increased liver microsomal activity, cholestatic liver injury, hepatoportal sclerosis and noncirrhotic portal hypertension, granulomatous liver disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, gastroenteritis, coeliac disease and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. (61535)

CIS 94-192 Renal diseases of occupational origin. Wedeen R.P., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.449-463. 80 ref. (In English)

Environmental toxicants, including those from industrial sources, represent potentially preventable causes of chronic kidney disease. This review focuses on the aetiology of chronic renal failure of recognized occupational origin other than malignancies. Agents discussed are: heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, copper, and uranium), organic solvents (hydrocarbons), beryllium and silicon. (61536)

CIS 94-193 Cardiotoxicity in the workplace. Benowitz N.L., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.465-478. 70 ref. (In English)

This review discusses toxic cardiovascular disease from specific toxins from the perspective of the types of injury with details of epidemiology, mechanisms of toxicity and clinical features. Toxins covered: carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, organic nitrates, halogenated hydrocarbons, lead, cobalt, arsenic/arsine, cadmium and antimony. (61537)

CIS 94-194 Endocrine disorders of occupational and environmental origin. Barsano C.P., Thomas J.A., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.479-502. 258 ref. (In English)

The mechanisms of various industrial toxins in causing disease of the thyroid, testes, ovary and pancreas are reviewed. Toxins include: polyhalogenated biphenyls, polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hydroxyphenols and hydroxy pyridines, phthalates, lithium, iodine and radiation. The importance of medical surveillance in the workplace is emphasized in the light of the increasing numbers of women in industry and the associated potential reproductive risks. (61538)

CIS 94-195 Occupational and environmental causes of Parkinsonism. Tanner C.M., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.503-513. 58 ref. (In English)

This review presents the definition of parkinsonism as contrasted with Parkinson's disease, notes the general concepts important to the consideration of toxic effects on the central nervous system and addresses each group of agents known to cause parkinsonism, including common sources of exposure, clinical course and proposed mechanisms of toxicity. Agents discussed include manganese, carbon disulfide, organic solvents, carbon monoxide and MTPT and similar agents. (61539)

CIS 94-196 Occupational and environmental disorders of the special senses. Shusterman D.J., Sheedy J.E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.515-542. Illus. 269 ref. (In English)

Workplace hazards affecting vision, hearing, equilibrium, olfaction and taste are reviewed. These include chemical hazards (irritant chemicals, pharmacologic/toxicologic agents), physical hazards (microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, visible light, vibration, rapid ambient pressure changes), ergonomic hazards (task-related symptoms, workers with pre-existing vision disorders, ergonomic factors), biological hazards, use of contact lenses in industry. (61540)

CIS 94-197 Exposure, skin protection and occupational skin diseases in the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics industry. Tarvainen K., Jolanki R., Forsman-Grönholm L., Estlander T., Pfäffli P., Juntunen J., Kanerva L., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1993, Vol.29, No.3, p.119-127. Illus. 45 ref. (In English)

A total of 100 workers, 86 from the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP) industry, 11 from polystyrene production and 3 from polyester resin coating manufacture, were examined for occupational skin hazards. The workers had been exposed to many chemicals. Those working in the GRP industry had also been exposed to glass fibre and to dust produced by finishing work, 94% used protective gloves. 22 workers, all employed in the GRP industry, had contracted occupational skin disorders, 6 had allergic and 12 irritant contact dermatitis, 4 workers had an accidental injury caused by a peroxide catalyst, fire, hot air and constant mechanical friction. Allergic dermatoses were due to natural rubber (latex) (4 cases) in protective gloves, phenol-formaldehyde resin (1 case) and cobalt naphthenate (1 case). Irritant hand dermatoses (5 cases) were caused by the combined hazardous effect of unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins, organic solvents, glass fibre and dust. Other cases of irritant dermatoses (7 cases) were due to the dust, promoted by mechanical friction of clothes. Skin disorders in the GRP industry were common (26%) but the symptoms were mild. (61546)

CIS 94-198 Assessment of the lombalgic patient in the workplace - Diagnostic and medico-legal aspects. (Italian: La valutazione del soggetto lombalgico in ambito lavorativo - Aspetti diagnostici e riflessi medico legali) Bonaiuti D., Flores A., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.91-98. 18 ref. (In Italian)

In occupational health the assessment of subjects suffering from lumbago in the case of job fitness certificates is complicated not only because of the obvious possibility of the influence of simulation, but also because of the poor specificity of diagnostic possibilities for spinal disorders. An assessment was made of the reliability of traditional clinical procedures and the most common protocols and the possibility of using them in this context, with due attention given to activities outside the workplace (sports, hobbies) in addition to those conducted at the workplace. (61561)

CIS 94-199 A comparison of smokers and nonsmokers with respect to oncogene products and cytogenetic parameters. Brinkworth M.H., Yardley-Jones A., Edwards A.J., Hughes J.A., Anderson D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1181-1188. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

Human monitoring studies can be valuable tools for assessing the adverse effects of chemicals. Cytogenetic parameters have been frequently employed but are rarely related directly to possible adverse health effects. Recently, the measurement of oncoprotein levels in plasma has been proposed as a possible and more appropriate indicator of exposure and carcinogenic risk but, unlike chromosome damage, little is known about the effects of possible confounding factors. This study compared the effect of smoking on chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and plasma rasoncoprotein levels, in 40 humans not otherwise known to be exposed to any specific chemical hazard. No effect was found on any of these end points, with the exception of a moderate, statistically non-significant elevation of sister chromatid exchange levels. It is concluded that smoking is unlikely to be a confounding factor in human monitoring studies using oncoprotein levels as an end point. (61575)

CIS 94-200 Sick building syndrome - Medical evaluation of two work forces. Middaugh D.A., Pinney S.M., Linz D.H., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1197-1203. 16 ref. (In English)

Sick building syndrome, characterized by upper respiratory irritative and central nervous system symptoms, is poorly understood. Building ventilation problems are frequent, although causative agent(s) are unknown. Few studies have addressed clinical characterization of symptomatic building occupants. Employees from two sites underwent standardized evaluation including medical history, physical examination and screening neurological and neuropsychological testing while acutely symptomatic. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals were evaluated when one of the sites was evacuated. Baseline evaluation results for this group were available for comparison. Symptoms of both work forces mirrored those reported in the literature. General medical examination abnormalities were few and minor, while neurological and neuropsychological examinations documented mental status, cerebellar, and neurobehavioural deficits. There were statistically significant changes from baseline. Abnormalities were self-limited. Controlled evaluations of symptomatic sick building occupants should be performed to verify these findings. (61577)

CIS 94-201 The Canadian Labour Force Ten Percent Sample Study - Cancer mortality among men, 1965-1979. Lindsay J.P., Stavraky K.M., Howe G.R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.408-414. 23 ref. (In English)

The mortality experience of 415,309 men in the Canadian Labour Force 10% Sample Study was updated to the end of 1979. Analysis of 9,739 deaths from cancer between 1965 and 1979 (274 occupations, 294 industries and 33 types of cancer) revealed 243 associations. On the criteria of strength of association, dose-response, and consistency, 23 associations were of particular interest. Of these associations, four seemed most likely to be caused by excess smoking and/or alcohol consumption. A further seven had support in terms of biological plausibility and/or other studies in the literature. The other associations may well have arisen by chance given the many comparisons made in this study. (61597)

CIS 94-202 Urinary 4,4'-methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA): A case for biological monitoring. Lowry L.K., Clapp D.E., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.9, p.593-598. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

4,4-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline), also known as MBOCA, is an aromatic amine used as a curing agent in the castable polyurethane industry. It has also been identified as a suspected human carcinogen. Review of biological monitoring data, generated during the past six years using high performance liquid chromatography methods, has shown trends in reduced urinary MBOCA concentrations and thus reduced worker exposure. The industry has initiated programmes to reduce MBOCA exposure by engineering controls. The design of closed transfer systems in 1983 and production of a fused, hardened MBOCA pellet in 1986 were examples of actions taken to reduce worker exposures. Following implementation of these engineering controls, the percentage of urine specimens below 25µg/L increased from 77% in 1985 before introduction of the fused hardened pellet to 86% in 1990. During this time, the percentage of samples above 50µg/L decreased from 12% in 1985 to 8% in 1990. (61600)

CIS 94-203 Occupation and hospitalization with ischaemic heart diseases - A new nationwide surveillance system based on hospital admissions. Tüchsen F., Bach E., Marmot M., International Journal of Epidemiology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.3, p.450-459. 56 ref. (In English)

All people in Denmark aged 20 to 59 years on 1 January 1981 were followed for four years for emigration, death, and hospital admission for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) as the primary diagnosis. Well known classic associations for IHD have been reproduced. Examples are: male bus drivers had a standardized hospitalization ratio (SHR) of 136; male urban bus drivers SHR=143; male taxi drivers SHR=168; fishermen SHR=129; men occupied in hotels and restaurants SHR=140; women in hotels and restaurants SHR=157. The consistency with previous findings is an argument that new significant associations should be treated as substantiated hypotheses if no selection bias is known. Examples of groups at significant excess risk of IHD are those self-employed in the textile industry, self-employed hairdressers, foremen in the construction industry, bakers, medical and industrial laboratory technicians, telephone assistants, and unskilled tube and sheet workers in shipyards. (61614)

CIS 94-204 Cancer mortality of Swiss men by occupation, 1979-1982. Minder C.E., Beer-Porizek V., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1992, Vol.18, Suppl.3, special issue. 27p. 63 ref. (In English)

Results of a study of male cancer mortality are presented by occupation. The data base consisted of the 1979-1982 mortality register and 1980 census data from Switzerland. Agricultural occupations exhibited low cancer mortality (exception: stomach cancer). Electricians suffered excess mortality from cancer of several sites. Foundry and chemical workers had elevated mortality risks for digestive tract cancers. Other metal workers suffered from high mortality from cancers of the respiratory organs. Construction workers were subject to high mortality from cancers of the upper digestive tract and lungs. Hotel staff, cooks, and owners or managers of guest houses had high rates of cancers of the digestive system. Occupations using combustion-powered equipment suffered from excess lung cancer mortality. In general the results of the study agree with those of several other studies. (61624)

CIS 94-205 A contribution to the study of baker's allergic eczema due to chromium. (French: Contribution à l'étude des eczémas allergiques au chrome du boulanger) Catilina M.J., Pépin D., Raveyre J., Laime D., Catilina P., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, vol.53, No.1, p.1-4. 12 ref. (In French)

Contact allergic eczema in bakers is sufficiently strange for it to require its own allergens. These eczemas are most frequently due to chromium and chromium salts. Recent studies show that flour proteins are a factor in complicated allergy. Skin tests in the case of baker's eczema are difficult because of the various techniques and substances involved. The case is described in detail of a baker's apprentice suffering from a severe case of eczema due to the handling of sourdough bread dough, whereas another study reported in 1980 the case of an eczema exclusively associated with contact with flour. Tables indicating the amounts of chromium and nickel found in cereals, brans, flours and other material used in bakeries and recommendation of a set of specific allergens to be used in skin tests. (61625)

CIS 94-206 XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine - First European meeting - Topic 3: Occupational dermatitis of chemical origin. (French: XXIIes Journées nationales de médecine du travail - Première rencontre européenne - Thème 3: Dermatoses professionnelles d'origine chimique) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.4, iv, 374p. Bibl.ref. (In French)

Papers and posters presented at the XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine on occupational dermatitis of chemical origin (Nantes, France 2-5 June 1992) include: frequency of occupational dermatitis (OD) of chemical origin; airborne contact dermatitis (CD); OD due to metals and their salts; cement dermatitis; dermatitis; dermatitis due to rubber; skin allergy to gloves; contact urticaria of chemical origin; protein CD; CD due to plastic substances; CD due to coolants; printing; CD due to vegetables; pesticides; hairdressers; dermatitis due to antiseptics, aldehydes and detergents; dermatitis due to colophony; dermatitis due to epoxy resins: the Franco-Algerian experience; CD due to isothiazolinones; DC due to ethylene oxide; dermatitis in hospital personnel; in vitro antimutagenic activity of a skin-protection emulsion; sterilization of the hands. (61628)

CIS 94-207 Health characteristics by longest held occupation and industry of employment: United States, 1980. Cooper S.P., Buffler P.A., Lee E.S., Cooper C.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.25-39. 14 ref. (In English)

Occupational and industrial hazards are unevenly distributed in the workplace. This article presents national estimates for selected health indices of persons aged 17 years and over in the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the US for categories of longest held occupation and industry of employment. These estimates were based on data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the 1980 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Occupational Supplement, the first survey to collect data on longest held, in addition to current, occupation and industry of employment. Data on length of longest held job, limitation of activity, disability days, incidence of acute conditions, persons injured, hospitalizations, and utilization of medical and dental services are presented. (61642)

CIS 94-208 Occupation and lung cancer risk among women in northern China. Wu-Williams A.H., Xu Z.Y., Blot W.J., Dai X.D., Louie R., Xiao H.P., Stone B.J., Sun X.W., Yu S.F., Feng Y.P., Fraumeni J.F., Henderson B.E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.67-79. 46 ref. (In English)

Lifetime occupational histories were obtained in a case-control study of 965 female lung cancer patients and 959 controls selected from the general population in Shenyang and Harbin, People's Republic of China. After adjusting for smoking, there was a significantly increased risk of lung cancer associated with employment involving the manufacturing of transportation equipment, in particular that of automobiles. Metal smelting and treatment workers were at an increased risk of lung cancer; the highest risks were among metal surfacers and currently employed foundry workers. On the other hand, about a 50% decreased risk of lung cancer was observed among those employed in textile industries. Based on self-reports, exposures to coal dust and smoke from burning fuel at the workplace were also significant risk factors. The findings were similar when the analyses were confined to nonsmokers and were comparable across the major cell types of lung cancer. (61644)

CIS 94-209 A health survey of workers in the pentachlorophenol section of a chemical manufacturing plant. Cheng W.N., Coenraads P.J., Hao Z.H., Lui G.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.81-92. Illus. 52 ref. (In English)

During 1968 to 1985, 109 workers who had been engaged in the production of pentachlorophenol, using non-gamma isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) as the raw material, were surveyed. Endemic chloracne among them had been noted since 1974. The prevalence of chloracne was 73.4% (80/109) in total and 95.2% (20/21) in a trichlorobenzene (TCB) tank area where dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels were thousands of ppm. It seems that PCDDs and PCDFs have not previously been reported from thermal decomposition of BHC. Urinary porphyrins were significantly higher among exposed workers than among the controls but there was no significant difference between the workers with chloracne and those without. The conduction velocities of the median motor nerves were much slower among the workers in the TCB tank area where the highest PCDD contamination appeared. The mortality study cohort was relatively young. Based on the three deaths observed during the follow-up, no association could be drawn. (61645)

CIS 94-210 Occupational risks for primary liver cancer in Shanghai, China. Chow W.H., McLaughlin J.K., Zheng W., Blot W.J., Gao Y.T., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.93-100. 37 ref. (In English)

Using occupational data for over 3,400 primary liver cancer cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1984 reported to the Shanghai Cancer Registry, and employment information from the 1982 census for the Shanghai population, standardized incidence ratios were computed to generate leads to occupational risks of liver cancer. Among men, a statistically significant excess number of cases was observed for chemical processors, textile workers, wood workers, blacksmiths and machine-tool operators, and material handlers and dock workers. Increased incidence of liver cancer also was observed among female transport equipment operators. These findings indicate that a number of similar occupations are associated with increased risk of primary liver cancer in western countries and China. Although causal inferences cannot be drawn from these data, the study adds to the limited evidence of the potential role of occupational exposures in liver carcinogenesis. (61646)

CIS 94-211 Respiratory function in workers employed in the glassblowing industry. Zuskin E., Butkovic D., Schachter E.N., Mustajbegovic J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.835-844. 25 ref. (In English)

A group of 80 men employed in the glassblowing industry was studied in order to investigate the effect of this occupational exposure on respiratory function. Eighty nonexposed workers were included in the study as a control group. Glassblowers had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis, nasal catarrh, chronic sinusitis, and nasal bleeding than control workers. Many of the glassblowers complained of work-shift related symptoms. Measurement of lung function among glassblowers showed there were significant increases in the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the maximum flow rates at 50% and 25% of FVC on maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves (FEF₅₀, FEF₂₅) across the work-shift. Glassblowers had significantly larger preshift FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV₁) measurements than controls. Additionally, residual volume (RV) and TV/TLC% for the glassblowers were significantly increased while the diffusing capacity (DLCO) was normal (when compared to predicted values). Chronic respiratory problems seem to be associated with glass-blowing. (61654)

CIS 94-212 Diffuse thickening superimposed on circumscribed pleural thickening related to asbestos exposure. Miller A., Miller J.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.859-871. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

Circumscribed and diffuse pleural thickening (PT), the most common radiographic manifestations of asbestos-related disease, have different pathogeneses, differential diagnostic criteria, and effects on pulmonary function. The important distinction between the two disorders is demonstrated by six patients in whom typical circumscribed PT was followed by diffuse PT in the same hemithorax. The diffuse PT came on 18-47 (mean 32.3) years after first exposure to asbestos. In four patients, clinically evident pleural effusions preceded the diffuse PT; the latter left all with moderate to severe restrictive ventilatory impairment. Patients with stable pleural plaques are at risk for diffuse PT and consequent greater ventilatory impairment, even though they are many years from first exposure to asbestos. (61656)

CIS 94-213 Individual and work-related risk factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal complaints. Westgaard R.H., Jensen C., Hansen K., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.64, No.6, p.405-413. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

Interviews were conducted with 52 female workers in a chocolate plant and 34 female office workers. The purpose was to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of headaches and pain in the shoulder-neck part, the arms, lower back and legs. Both groups scored the highest frequency of pain in the shoulder-neck region and complained most often of headaches. Through regression and variance analyses the occurrence of headaches and shoulder-neck pain before the present employment and psychosocial problems at work were identified as risk factors. Comparison of the results with those of a previously studied group of sewing machine operators confirmed the finding. (61659)

CIS 94-214 Mortality in retired coke oven plant workers. Chau N., Bertrand J.P., Mur J.M., Figueredo A., Patris A., Moulin J.J., Pham Q.T., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.127-135. 50 ref. (In English)

Mortality study of a cohort of retired coke workers in Lorraine Collieries (France). Excess mortality from lung cancer (SMR=238) was found. Significant excess mortality was also found for all causes in the cohort as a whole, as well as in subjects who had worked near the ovens and in those who had worked in byproducts, but not in those in the workshops and those working underground. Various other significant excess deaths were found for certain cancers and for cardiovascular diseases in different sub-cohorts. The impact of the healthy worker effect on the results is discussed. (61725)

CIS 94-215 Effects of occupational air pollutants on various histological types of lung cancer: A population based case-control study. Becher H., Jedrychowski W., Wahrendorf J., Basa-Cierpialek Z., Flak E., Gomola K., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.136-142. 27 ref. (In English)

A population-based case-control study was performed in Cracow (Poland), to determine the effect of occupational air pollutants on various histological types of lung cancer. The case group included 343 subjects with squamous cell carcinomas, 151 with small cell carcinomas, 106 with adenocarcinomas and 27 with other histological types. Long-term (>20yrs) exposure to mineral dust and metal dust was a significant risk factor for small cell and squamous cell carcinomas. The highest relative risk (RR=2.45, 95% CI=1.43-4.19) due to occupational exposures was for squamous cell carcinoma and exposure to mineral dust for >20yrs. RR for small cell carcinoma (2.29) and adenocarcinoma (2.04) and exposure to mineral dust was smaller. No specific agent could be identified as particularly important for a specific histological type. (61726)

CIS 94-216 Chemical exposures and respiratory cancer among Finnish woodworkers. Kauppinen T.P., Partanen T.J., Hernberg S.G., Nickels J.I., Luukkonen R.A., Hakulinen T.R., Pukkala E.I., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.143-148. 31 ref. (In English)

A case-control study of respiratory cancer, nested within a cohort of male woodworkers, was updated in Finland. The update extended the initial follow-up of 3,805 workers from 19 plants to 7,307 workers from 35 plants. Each case of respiratory cancer (n=136) diagnosed between 1957 and 1982 was matched by year of birth with three controls (n=408) from the cohort. Chemical exposures were assessed for the cases and the controls. An excess of respiratory cancer was associated with phenol. Concomitant exposures to several other agents occurred as well, however, and no exposure-response relation for phenol was seen. An excess risk and an increasing exposure-response relation were found for truck engine exhaust. An excess risk associated with pesticides was lower than in a previous study. Slightly increased risks were found for terpenes and mould spores, which may be due to chance. Exposure to wood dust, mainly from pine, spruce and birch, at a level of about 1mg/m³, was not associated with lung cancer, upper respiratory cancer, or adenocarcinoma of the lung. (61727)

CIS 94-217 Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of petroleum retailers. Edwards J.W., Priestly B.G., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.149-154. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

Occupational exposure to petroleum vapour was assessed in 41 workers (32 men) employed in Australian petroleum retail outlets (gas stations). Urine and blood samples were taken and analyzed, urine samples for thioethers and d-glucaric acid (DGA), blood for sister chromatid exchange frequency in lymphocytes. The main finding is that exposure to petroleum vapour causes increased sister chromatid exchange in circulating lymphocytes in smokers exposed to petroleum fumes, possibly as a result of enhanced hepatic conversion of vapour components to reactive metabolites. (61728)

CIS 94-218 Lymphocyte B and T cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with asbestosis. Peng L., Wang X., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.183-184. 6 ref. (In English)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in 55 asbestos-exposed workers and 40 controls. Results agreed with previous findings showing aberrations of cell-mediated immunity (reduced T cell numbers) and hyperactive humoral immunity (increased percentage of B cells) in the exposed subjects. A correlation between changed lymphocyte activity and radiological abnormalities of the lung was also found. The findings contribute to the investigation of the immunological pathogenesis of asbestosis. (61731)

CIS 94-219 First aid in case of eye splashes - Preliminary results of survey. (French: Premiers soins en cas de projections oculaires - Premiers résultats d'enquête) Falcy M., Blomet J., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.53, p.33-41. (In French)

Report on a questionnaire survey of 62 cases of first-aid administered after eye-splashing accidents and 11 cases of first aid after chemical splashes affecting the skin. The results are presented in tabular form. Preliminary conclusions: if water is administered immediately after a chemical splash accident, there are no harmful consequences; the essential aspect of first aid is immediate administration; the product Diphotérine R is equally effective against acids and bases; it is important to understand how Diphotérine R works: mixing it with water seems to have no beneficial effect. In annex: sample questionnaire. (61746)

CIS 94-220 Guidelines for the diagnosis of occupational obstructive diseases of the respiratory tract. (German: Richtlinien für die Diagnose berufsbedingter obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen) Leonhardt L., Baur X., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Nov. 1992, Vol.42, No.11, p.458-466. 35 ref. (In German)

These guidelines for the diagnosis of occupational obstructive airway diseases were written by the subcommittee on occupational allergy of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, in order to establish diagnostic criteria for the evaluation of patients with suspected occupational asthma. The suggested diagnostic procedure includes five steps: (1) History suggestive of occupational asthma; (2) Confirmation of bronchial obstruction, of non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity and increased diurnal variability of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR); (3) Confirmation of work-related bronchoconstriction with serial measurements of PEFR and of non-specific bronchial reactivity; (4) Confirmation of sensitization to occupational agents, using skin tests and/or in vitro tests to detect specific immunoglobulins; (5) Confirmation of the causal role of occupational agents with specific bronchial challenge tests. (61762)

CIS 94-221 Measurement in humans of a benzene metabolite - Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) with HPLC. (Italian: Dosaggio di un metabolita del benzene - l'acido S-fenilmercapturico urinario (S-PMA), nell'uomo, mediante HPLC) Maestri L., Ghittori S., Grignani E., Fiorentino M.L., Imbriani M., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.55-65. Illus. 30 ref. (In Italian)

Description of a method for the evaluation of benzene exposure in man. The method is sensitive, specific, relatively simple and can be semi-automatized. It relies on the determination of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), a urinary metabolite of benzene, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limit of the method is ca. 0.5µg/L and the recovery of S-PMA is 90%. Checking on urine samples of exposed workers (smoking and non-smoking) and of controls demonstrated the usefulness of this method for the monitoring of low-level benzene exposure. (61785)

CIS 94-222 Silo filler's disease in New York State. Zwemer F.L., Pratt D.S., May J.J., American Review of Respiratory Disease, Sep. 1993, Vol.146, No.3, p.650-653. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

Twenty new cases of Silo filler's disease (SFD) were collected, documenting the incidence and clinical features of exposure to nitrogen oxides present in freshly filled silos. Cases of SFD were identified using a statewide computerized discharge diagnosis system. Fifteen of these were identified in the index period, allowing a calculation of an approximate annual incidence of 5.0 cases/100,000 silo-associated farm workers/year in New York State. All cases occurred during harvest periods, with 80% in September and October. Corn silage was the gas source in 18 (90%). All cases involved young white men (mean age, 31.5yr). The most common presenting feature was dyspnoea. All victims entered a silo during the peak danger period, and only one used recommended ventilation techniques. Four cases ended in death (20% mortality). Silo filler's disease, although rare, is a potentially devastating disease involving otherwise young, healthy farm workers. It is easily prevented. (61589)

CIS 94-223 Mortality from stomach cancer in Ontario miners. Kusiak R.A., Ritchie A.C., Springer J., Muller J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.117-126. 28 ref. (In English)

A rather surprising excess mortality from stomach cancer was observed in gold miners in Ontario (Canada) in a retrospective cohort study of all miners in the province having attended compulsory chest clinics since 1928 (104 cases, SMR=152, 95% CI=125-185). Detailed exposure records and statistical analysis suggest that the probable causative agent is chromium-containing dust in gold mines, rather than, for example, arsenic or mineral fibres. (61724)

CIS 94-224 Effects of smoking and occupational exposures on pulmonary function impairment in Italian shipyard workers. Gennaro V., Baser M.E., Costantini M., Merlo F., Robutti P., Tockman M.S., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.121-132. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

Association of job title and duration of employment with smoking-adjusted prevalences of various respiratory conditions was examined in 657 shipyard workers. Length of employment (>20yrs) was independently associated with chronic bronchitis, restriction and mixed impairment. Four job categories were also associated with restriction: gas welders, arc welders, masons and insulators. (61565)

CIS 94-225 Historical prospective mortality study in two stainless steel factories. (French: Etude épidémiologique de mortalité dans deux aciéries d'acier inoxydable) Moulin J.J., Mantout B., Portefaix P., Wild P., Fournier-Betz M., Mur J.M., Smagghe G., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.157-166. Illus. 31 ref. (In French)

An historical prospective mortality study was carried out among the workers of 2 steel factories producing ferro-chromium and stainless steel to assess lung cancer risks related to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, silica, chromium and nickel compounds. The cohorts included 2,269 workers (A) and 4,227 (B). The observed numbers of deaths were respectively 137 and 484 (SMRs 0.82 and 1.02) after adjustment. No significant lung cancer excess mortality was observed for stainless steel production workers in either factory, in workers exposed to chromium VI in B. However, a significant excess of lung cancer mortality was observed for workers employed in the ferro-chromium production in A, though not in B. A significant lung cancer excess was observed for foundry workers of B. According to available data on smoking habits of the study population, it can be concluded that the significant lung cancer risks observed in this study are unlikely to be explained by smoking. (61752)

CIS 94-226 Case report: Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by an isocyanate (isocyanate alveolitis). (German: Fallbericht: Exogen-allergische Alveolitis durch Isocyanat (Isocyanat-Alveolitis)) Baur X., Czuppon A.B., Raulf M., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, May 1992, Vol.42, No.5, p.187-189. Illus. 5 ref. (In German)

A 54 year-old worker regularly observed episodes of fever, headache, irritation of the throat, and difficulty in breathing a few hours after exposure to an isocyanate (MDI) hardening agent. Exposure tests with MDI showed that an extrinsic allergic alveolitis developed together with restrictive ventilation, hypoxaemia, fever up to 39.2°C (axillary), and leucocytosis. In the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), besides agranulocytosis and eosinophilia, a strong reduction in the CD4/CD8-quotient was observed. After an interval of two years, the presence of antibodies could no longer be shown. (61771)

CIS 94-227 Introducing information technology to occupational medicine trainees. Koh D., Aw T.C., Lun K.C., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, 1992, Vol.8, No.2, p.121-128. 4 ref. (In English)

In 1987 a module on microcomputer applications was added to the Masters course in occupational medicine conducted by the National University of Singapore. The course content is described along with the microcomputer facilities, computer software, audio-visual resources and other support facilities. A survey to assess the response to the course was carried out among the class of 1990-91. All participants felt that the module was worthwhile and the majority felt that the acquired skills would be useful in their future careers in occupational medicine. (61707)

CIS 94-228 The influence of occupational medicine on general medicine - A look at the journals. McCunney R.J., Harzbecker J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1992, Vol.34, No.3, p.279-286. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

Citation analysis was used to assess the effect of occupational medicine on general medical practice and the reverse. Occupational medical journals were almost 50 times more likely to cite the general medical literature than the converse. The most likely journals to cite articles in the core occupational medical literature were the American Review of Respiratory Diseases and the American Journal of Epidemiology. It was also found that during the 1986-1990 period, occupational medical journals published 2.5 times as many source items than during the 1976-1980 period. Major occupational medicine topics covered by journals were also analyzed: pneumoconiosis, reproductive hazards, lead poisoning and noise-induced hearing loss were the topics most frequently addressed by the occupational medical journals. Occupational topics better covered by general medical journals than by the specialist journals were gas poisoning and toxic hepatitis. (61580)

CIS 94-229 Société française de médecine du travail - 25 January 1992 Meeting. (French: Société française de médecine du travail - Séance du 25 janvier 1992) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.195-199. (In French)

Summary of papers presented at the 25 Jan. 1992 Meeting of the Société française de médecine du travail. Themes studied: acquired sensitivity to solvents; syndrome of acquired sensitivity to chemical odours; pleural plaques without associated asbestosis and respiratory function; epidemiologic survey of mortality in a lead foundry: methodology and results; Health Commission of the CINDEX (Centre inter-entreprise de l'expatriation) or how to ensure the safeness and comfort of travels and life abroad; prevention of AIDS risk among hospital workers. (61756)

CIS 94-230 XIVth France - Switzerland Symposium of Occupational Medicine (6 and 7 June 1991 sittings). (French: XIVes Journées Franco-Suisses de Médecine du travail - Séances des 6 et 7 juin 1991) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.200-226. Illus. (In French)

Subject of the main papers presented at the XIVth Swiss-French Symposium of Occupational Medicine (6-7 June 1991): fatal poisoning by freon 113; hygiene safety and working conditions in road work; study of various types of construction sites and work stations; role of the occupational physician in health education for early breast-cancer screening; occupational asthma and airflow measurements; contribution of computer science to the definition of indices useful for diagnosis; back-pain, depressive symptoms and occupation; risks associated with the use of laser, safety rules, etc.; survey of risk factors for occupational diseases in the canton of Vaud (Switzerland); study of the physical workload of stretcher-bearers through heart rate measurement; use of epoxy resins in the construction industry; overuse syndrome in cello players; heart condition and exposure to fluorochlorinated solvents; hearing tests in a wire drawing plant; quartz dust exposure among stonecutters. (61757)

CIS 94-231 Principles and pitfalls in health services research in occupational health systems. Husman K., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.10-14. 19 ref. (In English)

This paper reviews the aims and specific objectives of occupational health service systems and highlights essential concepts and methods of health systems research in the evaluation and development of occupational health services. None of these tasks will succeed if the objectives of such services are not defined, or if the links with the different interest groups (employers, employees and state) and primary health care are not taken into consideration. (61772)

CIS 94-232 Comparison of data on occupational health service systems in Austria, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Draaisma D., van Putten D.J., Smulders P.G.W., Willems J.H.B.M., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.15-17. 10 ref. (In English)

There is very little comparative information on the occupational health systems of different countries. Data from six European countries were presented by participants of the International Workshop on Health Services Research in Occupational Health, 22-24 October 1992, held in Amsterdam (Netherlands). On the basis of available data and various developments in the countries and the European Union, it is concluded that in some countries the coverage of the working population will diminish, while in others it will increase. The need for international comparative research is discussed in the light of the recent EU ruling stating that some form of occupational health service must be available for all EU workers. (61773)

CIS 94-233 Employees' and occupational physicians' different perceptions of the work-relatedness of health problems - A critical point in an effective consultation process. Plomp H.N., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.18-22. 16 ref. (In English)

In a survey of the attitudes and behaviour of workers in connection with the occupational health service (OHS) of their company, there is hardly any relationship between the judgement of physicians and that of employees on the work-relatedness of health problems presented during a consultation hour. This is an alarming outcome with severe implications for doctor-patient communication. This article explains this large discrepancy between physicians' and employees' judgement on the basis of the clarification given by employees and of theories on the lay-definition of health and illness and on doctor-patient interaction. Apart from factors already mentioned in the general literature on doctor-patient relations, the socio-economic implications of the label of work-relatedness of health problems in the field of occupational health services prove to be an important factor in the explanation. (61774)

CIS 94-234 Role of the occupational health services as a part of illness-related primary care in Finland. Räsänen K., Notkola V., Kankaanpää E., Peurala M., Husman K., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.23-27. 18 ref. (In English)

The aim of the study was to evaluate employees' illness-related utilization of physicians' services in Finland with special reference to Occupational Health Services (OHS). The data are based on a national health survey conducted by a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) in autumn 1991. There were 1,856 people aged 25-64 interviewed. The "risk" of having visited a physician in six months was related to perceived chronic illness and sex. Half of those employees who were covered by OHS (90% of the total) usually visited their OHS unit for health problems. The potential use of the OHS unit depended on the OHS model. Finnish employees use OHS units for physicians' services heavily instead of the municipal health care centres. This might have implications in the planned reorganization of Finnish primary care. (61775)

CIS 94-235 Quality assessment of occupational health services instruments. van Dijk F.J.H., de Kort W.L.A.M., Verbeek J.H.A.M., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.28-33. 23 ref. (In English)

Interest in the quality of instruments for occupational health services is growing as a result of European legislation on preventive services stressing, for example, risk identification and assessment. The quality of the services can be enhanced when the quality of the applied instruments can be judged and improved. To judge quality aspects of instruments, a basic draft scheme and criteria are presented. A first category of criteria covers measurement objective and study design and comprises for example sample strategy and data aggregation level. Technical quality aspects are validity, reliability, standardization and precision. Acceptability of an instrument by employees, employers and professionals belongs to the process quality. At last, strategic quality or presumed utility has to be assessed. As an illustration, four instruments have been judged: periodic occupational health surveys, pre-employment medical examinations, the company audit on work and health, and specific working conditions assessment instruments. Finally, the presented basic scheme and criteria are brought into discussion. (61776)

CIS 94-236 Evaluation of an occupational health programme - Negative results, positive results or a failure?. van Dijk F.J.H., Hulshof C.T.J., Kroon P.J., Verbeek J.H.A.M., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.34-37. 27 ref. (In English)

Among personnel of the city of Amsterdam (Netherlands) the incidence of disability as a result of musculoskeletal problems amounts to 15 per 1,000 person-years in the refuse collecting department. A disability prevention programme in accordance with literature was started to decrease this high incidence of disability. In the process-evaluation after two years from the outset of the project it appeared that only three of the ten preventive measures advocated were realized. These meagre results were explained by strategic factors such as lack of motivation among management and the fact that policy on worker health protection was isolated from the overall company policy. Recommendations for future evaluation research are given. (61777)

CIS 94-237 The contribution of science to the promotion of health at the workplace. (Italian: Il contributo della scienza per la promozione della salute nei luoghi di lavoro) Grieco A., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.3-17. 39 ref. (In Italian)

Historical review of the beneficial effect of scientific research on the improvement of workplace safety and health. Reductions in the incidence of pneumoconiosis, and of diseases due to exposure to benzene, aromatic amines and pesticides are cited as examples. But there are still too many accidents and diseases due to workplace factors, both in the EEC and developing countries, in many cases preventable with present-day scientific knowledge. It is proposed that an International Network for the History of Occupational and Environmental Prevention be established for the purposes of collecting and disseminating historical information relating to occupational health, thereby contributing to a better utilization of existing scientific knowledge. (61781)

CIS 94-238 Assessment of occupational health risk during unusual workshifts - Review of the needs and solutions for modifying environmental and biological limit values for volatile organic solvents. Goyal R., Krishnan K., Tardif R., Laparé S., Brodeur J., Canadian Journal of Public Health - Revue canadienne de santé publique, Mar.-Apr. 1992, Vol.83, No.2, p.109-112. 33 ref. (In English)

Aspects of occupational health risk assessment for unusual workshifts are discussed in relation to the question of: (1) using a suitable model for adjusting occupational exposure limits, and (2) assessing the influence of altered work schedules on biological exposure limits. The relative importance of two separate approaches, i.e., mathematical and pharmacokinetic, for the adjustment of exposure limits is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the exposure limit adjustments during prolonged work hours. The influence of prolonged work schedules on biological exposure limits is discussed and it is concluded that the latter do not have to be adjusted for unusual workshifts. More research into the special OSH problems of unusual workshifts is suggested. (61618)

CIS 94-239 A benefit-to-cost analysis of a worksite health promotion program. Golaszewski T., Snow D., Lynch W., Yen L., Solomita D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1164-1172. 31 ref. (In English)

An analysis of the benefit-to-cost ratio of a major health promotion programme within an insurance company was conducted for the years 1986 through 1990, with projections to the year 2000. Programme costs for personnel, capital expenses, materials, and rent were determined and compared with programme benefits (discounted to account for increasing pension liability) for health care cost savings, increased productivity, decreased absenteeism, decreased life insurance claims, and programme-generated income. After adjusting future monies to net present value, a benefit-to-cost ratio of 3.4 was estimated for the programme. Despite the limitations of the study design, it was concluded that the programme realizes a positive return on its investment. Several programme recommendations are presented to increase the probability of achieving positive benefit-to-cost ratios in future programme offerings. (61573)

CIS 94-240 Interpretation of health surveys. (French: Interprétation des enquêtes de santé) Gervais M., Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec, 505, boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H3A 3C2, Canada, 1992. 92p. 71 ref., ISBN 2-551-12791-2 (In French)

The first part of an analysis of statistics concerning the health of workers collected by Santé Québec in 1987 is presented. It focuses on the potential consequences of two aspects of the methodology of the survey as to the interpretation of the results: the method of collecting information and the nature of the morbidity as expressed in an interview. Factors which influence the expression of morbidity, such as sex, socio-cultural and professional category differences, are discussed. (61620)

CIS 94-241 Eighth International Symposium - Epidemiology in Occupational Health. (French: 8e Symposium international d'épidémiologie de la santé au travail) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.6 bis, p.II, 495-613. Bibl.ref. (In French)

The proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health organized under the aegis of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) in Paris, France, 10-12 Sep. 1991 include: (1) The text of 6 invited lectures on the epidemiology of occupational neurobehavioural hazards: methodological experiences from organic solvent research; epidemiology of occupational reproductive hazards: methodological aspects; epidemiology of respiratory hazard; recent advances; methodological problems of time-related variables in occupational cohort studies; electromagnetic fields and cancer risks; use of biochemical and biological markers in occupational epidemiology. (2) Abstracts of some 130 papers classified under the following headings: methods; exposure assessment; occupational cancer; cardiovascular diseases; respiratory diseases; musculoskeletal diseases; neurobehavioural diseases; psychosocial factors; medical surveillance; work accidents; other related diseases; reproductive effects. (61734)

CIS 94-242 First aid at mines. Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981. Approved Code of Practice [United Kingdom]. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 11p. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-882166-0 (In English)

This Code of Practice gives practical guidance on the requirements of the Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 (see CIS 91-11) as they apply to mines. Contents: interpretation; duty of employer to make provision for first-aid and to inform his employees of the arrangements made in connection with first aid; duty of self-employed person to provide first-aid equipment; cases where these regulations do not apply; application to mines and application offshore. (61735)

CIS 94-243 EPILEX - A multilingual lexicon of epidemiological terms. (French: EPILEX - Lexique multilingue des termes de l'épidémiologie) Florey C.V., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 3.5 inch diskette (MS-DOS). Price: ECU 7.00., ISBN 92-826-6211-x (In Catalan, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

Eight-language dictionary of ca. 1250 terms and expressions used in epidemiology and related fields. The glossary, whose English version is extended from John Last's A dictionary of epidemiology (Oxford University Press), is immediately loadable and usable on MS-DOS computers. Twenty terms in any two of the languages can appear at the same time on the screen. (61622)

CIS 94-244 International directory of databases and data banks in occupational health. Sevilla J.M., World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2nd edition, 1993. approx. 200p. with 3.5" diskette (MS-DOS)., ISBN 84-604-7131-4 (In English)

This Directory describes about 200 public and private databases in 30 countries as well as databases produced by international organizations. Each record is divided into 18 fields, 7 of them being searchable on the diskette: name, acronym, type of database, country, access by, languages, content. The first edition of this Directory was published in 1987 (see CIS 88-474). (61697)

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CIS 94-245 An epidemiological survey of respiratory morbidity among granite quarry workers in Singapore: Radiological abnormalities. Ng T.P., Phoon W.H., Lee H.S., Ng Y.L., Tan K.T., Annals of the Academy of Medicine - Singapore, May 1992, Vol.21, No.3, p.305-311. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

The prevalence of radiological abnormalities among 219 quarry workers was estimated according to a number of parameters of dust exposure. Silicosis was noted in eleven subjects. The prevalence of silicosis was 12.5% in highly exposed drilling and crushing workers, and 0.8% in maintenance and transportation workers with low level exposure to granite dust. No cases of silicosis were noted in any quarry worker first exposed to granite dust after the introduction of control measures in 1979. It is concluded that reduction in dust exposure since 1979 has so far been successful in producing nil or negligible risks of silicosis among active quarry workers over ten years. (61716)

CIS 94-246 Study design for assessing exposures of embalmers for a case-control study - Part I. Monitoring results. Stewart P.A., Herrick R.F., Feigley C.E., Utterback D.F., Hornung R., Mahar H., Hayes R., Douthit D.E., Blair A., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1992, Vol.7, No.8, p.532-540. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

To quantify exposure levels for a study of embalmers, a series of embalmings was performed using an experimental design to determine the effect of certain work parameters on the concentration of airborne contaminants. Personal exposures and area concentrations of formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, and particulates were measured during 25 embalmings while controlling the level of ventilation, the concentration of embalming solution, and the type of case (autopsy or intact body). In addition, bischloromethyl ether (BCME) and selected microorganisms were measured during a few embalmings. Personal formaldehyde exposures ranged from 0.31 to 8.72ppm for full-period exposures (51-121min). Methanol levels ranged from 0.54 to 21.83 ppm. Particulate mass concentrations were low, and measurable phenol levels were observed in only 40% of procedures. Airborne microorganisms were also found to be at low levels and no BCME was detected. Ventilation played the most important role out of the three controlled variables. (61602)

CIS 94-247 Further follow up of mortality in a United Kingdom oil refinery cohort. Rushton L., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.549-560. 52 ref. (In English)

The results of an extension of follow up (1976 to 1989) of a cohort of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at eight oil refineries in Britain are reported (1st part, see CIS 82-1953). The mortality observed was compared with that expected from the death rates of all the male population of England and Wales and Scotland. The mortality from all causes was lower than that of the comparison population, and reduced mortality was also found for many of the major non-malignant causes of death. Raised mortality patterns were found for diseases of the arteries, in particular aortic aneurysm, and accidental fire and explosion, for the total study population, and across several refineries and other subgroups. Mortality from all neoplasms was lower than expected overall. Raised mortality from all neoplasms was found for labourers and in particular for malignant neoplasms of the oesophagus, stomach, and lung. As in the earlier follow up there was raised mortality from melanoma in several jobs groups. (61675)

CIS 94-248 Further follow up of mortality in a United Kingdom oil distribution centre cohort. Rushton L., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.561-569. 32 ref. (In English)

Results of an extension of follow up (1976 to 1989) of a cohort of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at oil distribution centres in Britain are presented (1st part, see CIS 84-1338). The mortality observed was compared with that expected from the death rates of all the male population of England and Wales. The mortality from all causes was less than of the comparison population, and reduced mortality was also found for many of the major non-malignant causes of death. Raised mortality was also found for aortic aneurysm. Mortality from all neoplasms was lower than expected overall, largely due to a deficit of deaths from malignant neoplasm of the lung. Raised mortality patterns from all neoplasms, lung cancer, and several non-malignant disease groups were found for general manual workers. There was increased mortality from larynx and prostate cancer in isolated subgroups. Mortality from kidney cancer was raised overall and in drivers in particular. Mortality from leukaemia was high at one company and in drivers overall. (61676)

CIS 94-249 Cohort study of mortality among farmers and agricultural workers. Faustini A., Forastiere F., di Betta L., Magliola E.M., Perucci C.A., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.31-41. 33 ref. (In English)

A cohort study was made of the mortality of 1,701 male and 426 female farm workers (Aprilia, Italy) during the period 1972-1988. A low overall mortality was found, due mainly to a decreased risk of circulatory diseases and respiratory conditions. In addition, the overall cancer mortality was reduced (SMR=0.88 for males and 0.58 for females). No statistically significant excesses were observed in cancer mortality, though increases in SMRs were found for gastric cancer (O:23, SMR=1.24), renal cancer (O:5, SMR=2.12), skin cancer (O:2, SMR=1.67) and leukaemia (O:6, SMR=1.54) (mainly of the myeloid type). Finally, 41 lung cancer cases were observed against 40.12 expected. Under 65 years, excess deaths were found for all cancer sites investigated except cancer of the lymphatic and haemopoietic tissues. Since farmers usually have a low lung cancer rate, the increased mortality in the young age group (O:24, SMR=1.28) and also the excess of kidney cancer (O:4, SMR=3.67), although not statistically significant, deserve consideration in relation to past exposure to pesticides, especially DDT, in this population. (61782)

CIS 94-250 Safety rating systems in South African mines. Eisner H.S., Journal of Health and Safety, Sep. 1993, No.9, p.25-30. 11 ref. (In English)

This paper follows up a critical review published in 1988 of safety rating systems applied to South African mining. It is shown that there is no evidence to support claims that any of the systems themselves were responsible for the continuing decline of injury and fatality rates particularly in gold mining. South African mines have largely abandoned the International Safety Rating Scheme in favour of systems of their own and without star awards. Based on this experience, suggestions are made for the beneficial application of such systems to mining and other industries. (61712)

CIS 94-251 Hazard screening and proposals for prevention by occupational health service: An experiment with job load and hazard analysis at a Finnish construction company. Mattila M., Kivi P., Journal of Social and Occupational Medicine, 1991, Vol.41, No.1, p.17-22. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

A systematic survey method for risk assessment at the workplace (job load and hazard analysis) was developed and tested as part of the regular occupational health care procedures in the construction industry. The method comprises the identification and assessment of health hazards and conclusions and proposals as to their prevention and follow-up. Tests carried out over a 2.5-year period showed that the method worked well as a central component of preventive health care. The contents of the occupational health care programme were enhanced, the number of preventive measures increased and the organizational climate improved. (61715)

CIS 94-252 Improvement in the occupational health program in a Finnish construction company by means of systematic workplace investigation of job load and hazard analysis. Mattila M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1989, Vol.15, p.61-72. 19 ref. (In English)

An eight-month study carried out at three building sites involved analysis of chemical and physical hazards, physical workload, mental stress and risk of injury. Data were collected by observations, interviews and a worker questionnaire, and health and safety personnel and workers representatives together assessed occupational loads and hazards. Health and safety personnel then devised an occupational health care programme and proposed preventive measures. The investigation method proved to function well in that it improved the occupational health care programme, produced an overall analysis of occupational hazards and increased the number and quality of proposed preventive measures. (61718)

CIS 94-253 The effectiveness of motor carrier safety audits. Moses L.N., Savage I., Accident Analysis and Prevention, Oct. 1992, Vol.24, No.5, p.479-496. 12 ref. (In English)

In 1986 the US federal government expanded its programme of company inspections for enforcement of motor carrier safety regulations. Many parts of these inspections are unrelated to the safety performance of firms. Nevertheless, reinspection of firms found to be unsatisfactory in a previous inspection does appear to bring about a substantial improvement in their safety performance. However, such firms represent a small fraction of the industry, and the probability of being inspected is very low. Thus, the programme does not appear to have resulted in a detectable improvement in the accident rate of the industry. (61615)

CIS 94-254 A cohort mortality study of two California refinery and petrochemical plants. Tsai S.P., Gilstrap E.L., Cowles S.R., Snyder P.J., Ross C.E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.415-421. 38 ref. (In English)

The study examined the mortality experience of employees who worked for more than six months before December 1989 and pensioners who were alive as of January 1973. More than half (57%) of the total study population worked for 20 years or longer. The total population exhibited 11% lower all causes mortality and 20% lower cancer mortality, as compared with the California general population. There were no significant excesses of any cause-specific mortality including cancer. Among total employees, mortality for several cancer sites showed a statistically non-significant increase. A review of these work histories revealed no predominant work area or job assignment. In contrast to studies based on local county rates, lung cancer mortality in this study was significantly lower (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=0.73). In addition, statistically significant deficits in mortality were found for cirrhosis of the liver (SMR=0.63) and all external causes of death. (61598)

CIS 94-255 A national cross-sectional study of the working environment in the Danish wood and furniture industry - Air pollution and noise. Vinzents P., Laursen B., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.37, No.1, p.25-34. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Danish wood and furniture industry at 200 factories. Representative estimates of employees' full-shift exposures to wood dust, vapours from organic solvents, formaldehyde and noise dose were calculated using a model for two-stage cluster designs. Exposures to air pollutants were generally below the occupational exposure limits (OELs), while noise doses were at the same level as the OEL. The overall exposure to wood dust was 0.90mg/m³, exposure to vapours from organic solvents was 0.13C/OEL and noise dose, Leq (8h), was 90.5dB(A). (61661)

CIS 94-256 The evaluation of exposure of printing trade employees to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Purdham J.T., Bozek P.R., Sass-Kortsak A.S., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.37, No.1, p.35-44. 25 ref. (In English)

This study was undertaken to determine the exposures of printing press operators to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total particulate (TP), and to evaluate the factors contributing to exposure in the printing industry. Personal time-weighted average exposures of press room workers were determined on two consecutive days at nine sites, including two newspaper operations. The average PAH exposure was 16.5µg/m³ (including naphthalene), the average TP exposure was 0.63mg/m³. Newspaper plants had significantly lower exposures than commercial printing operations. Factors identified as contributing to exposure to TP were: the effectiveness of the ventilation systems, the method of feeding the press, the type of paper and the print impression area. (61662)

CIS 94-257 Comprehensive health evaluation of workers in the ceramics industry. Huang J., Shibata E., Takeuchi Y., Okutani H., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.112-116. 18 ref. (In English)

A cross-sectional study on ceramics workers in the Seto area of Japan was conducted to determine whether there are differences in the morbidity pattern and overall health among workers employed by different sized companies in the ceramics industry. The study population consisted of 3,324 male ceramics workers (age range 40-69) who participated in the Seto occupational health screening programme in 1990. The prevalences of pulmonary diseases (silicosis and tuberculosis) and findings of some non-pulmonary diseases were compared in terms of company size. Both prevalence and multivariate analysis showed that the employees working for smaller companies had worse health overall. High morbidity of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in smaller companies contributed most to this finding. (61723)

CIS 94-258 Case-control study of congenital defects and parental employment in health care. Matte T.D., Mulinare J., Erickson J.D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.11-23. 32 ref. (In English)

Health care workers are occupationally exposed to known and suspected teratogens such as viruses, anaesthetic gases, sterilizing agents, mercury, and X-radiation. To assess the risk of congenital defects among offspring of health care workers, the authors analyzed parental occupational history for 4,915 case babies with congenital defects, registered during the years 1968-1980 by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) registry, and for 3,027 control babies born without defects during the same period. Offspring of mothers employed in a nursing occupation during the periconceptional period were at statistically significant increased risk of having anencephaly or spina bifida, coarctation of the aorta, genital system defects, and urinary system defects. Associations were also found between neural tube defects and potential exposure to anaesthetic gases and to X-radiation. Only one of five previous studies reviewed found an increased risk of congenital defects among offspring of nurses, but three of the four negative studies had substantially smaller sample sizes than the present study. Detection bias may be a possible explanation for the apparent excess risk of certain defects among offspring of nurses. (61641)

CIS 94-259 A study of occupational dermatoses in the electronics industry. Koh D.S.Q., Journal of Occupational Medicine - Singapore, Jan. 1993, Vol.5, No.1, p.v-x, 1-76. Illus. 130 ref. (In English)

This thesis presents the results of a literature survey on dermatological hazards in the electronics industry along with a questionnaire survey of workers in two electronics factories in the United Kingdom and Singapore. Work-related skin disorders were common: 94 (33%) of the UK workers and 482 (19%) of the Singapore workers had at least one previous episode of a work-related skin disorder. The majority of disorders were due to trauma of the skin (burn scars, abrasions) while cases of irritant or allergic contact dermatitis were infrequent. There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of acne. (61714)

CIS 94-260 The aging worker. Ilmarinen J., ed., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1991, Vol.17, Suppl.1, special issue. 141p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Contents of this special issue devoted to the problems of aging municipal employees in Finland, as revealed by the results of a major research project involving cross-sectional and follow up studies during 1981-1985: the aging worker: background and aims of the project; stress and strain; mortality, disability and occupational changes; symptoms of mental and physical stress in different categories of municipal work; work-related stress symptoms; work load and personal factors affecting work disability; changes in maximal cardiorespiratory capacity; musculoskeletal capacity and related changes in different work categories; performance efficiency; relationship between functional capacity and work ability; work load and personal factors affecting work ability; summary and recommendations of the project. (61623)

CIS 94-261 XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine - First European meeting - Topic 2: Health, work and aging. (French: XXIIes Journées nationales de médecine du travail - Première rencontre européenne - Thème 2: Santé, travail et vieillissement) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1993, Vol.54, No.3, vi, p.183-289. Bibl.ref. (In French)

Main topics of papers and posters presented at the XXIInd National Congress of Occupational Medicine on health, work and aging (Nantes, France, 2-5 June 1992): sleep disorders as a function of age and working hours; tobacco, alcohol and relations with age and working conditions; influence of working conditions and age on the musculoskeletal system in the construction industry; evaluation of functional age and the aging process in secondary school teachers; age, effects of selection and difficulties in work; aging in the: detection and understanding of exclusion processes; aptitude for physical effort and aging; strenuous work and health after 45; joint pain and constraints of heavy work in relation to age and sex; differential aging according to occupation; lead exposure and life expectancy; development of indicators for aging. Posters. (61796)

CIS 94-262 Proceedings of a European conference on safety, hygiene and health at work in agriculture. (French: Actes des Assises Européennes de la sécurité, de l'hygiène et de la santé sur le lieu de travail dans l'agriculture) ISSA, International Section for the Prevention of Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases in Agriculture, Bundesverband der Landwirtschaftlichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Weissenstrasse 72, 34131 Kassel, Germany, 1993. 188p. (In English, French)

Proceedings of a European conference on safety, hygiene and health at work in agriculture, held in Kassel, Germany, 7-9 September 1992. Topics covered: health protection at work in the European Year of Safety; the harmonization of prescriptions and regulatory provisions for the creation of the single market and for the improvement of the work environment; European standardization work for the safety of machines; impact of EC Directives on national legislation of a Member state; outlook of an improvement of work and health protection; responsibility of employer and employee at occupational work protection; problems of safety and health at work; integrated safety during training; transmission of information; work protection in change in Eastern Europe. The German, Italian and Spanish versions of this document are available from the Bundesverband (Kassel). (61570)

CIS 94-263 Final report on the second research programme "Safety in mines". (German: Abschlussbericht über das zweite Forschungsprogramm "Betriebssicherheit im Bergbau") Carr T.L., Mayne J., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 175p. Illus. Price: ECU 20.00., ISBN 92-826-5598-9 (Deu), ISBN 92-826-5599-7 (Eng) (In English, German)

Summary presentation of research projects conducted within the EEC on mine safety. The projects are classified according to the following main areas: accidents (incl. noise); fires; explosions; rescue; monitoring, communication, automation and remote control; transport; electricity; materials technology; working methods; rock and gas outbursts; surface operations. A separate section surveys the research proposals conducted by the First Joint Research Programme on Safety in the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) Industries. The Final Report of the first research programme (1976-1981) was abstracted under CIS 88-510. (61690)

CIS 94-264 Supermarket check-out personnel - How to improve their working conditions. (French: Les caissières de magasin - Vers une amélioration des conditions de travail du personnel d'encaissement des magasins) Godefroy M., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd edition, Oct. 1992. 31p. Illus., ISBN 2-85599-514-0 (In French)

Update of a study (CIS 82-2064) concerning the design and layout of supermarket check-out workstations. Recent European trends and the introduction of scanning devices have been taken into account. Themes covered: selection criteria for cash registers; general and special rules for good workplace design; ergonomic measures; electric installations; mechanical safety; prevention of attacks by customers; noise; lighting, thermal environment. Work parameters analyzed include staff training, working hours, environmental factors and occupational health conditions. (61766)

CIS 94-265 A guide to miners' rights and responsibilities under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. Mine Safety and Health Administration, Ballston Towers #3, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22203, USA, 1992. 34p. Illus. (In English)

Guide to the rights and safety responsibilities of coal miners as defined by the US Mine Safety and Health Act (see CIS 91-14). Main topics covered: legal rights of miners (protection against discrimination; enforcement of the Act; safety and health training; health protection; new and revised standards; access to information); legal responsibilities (prohibition of smoking; penalties for making false statements and false representations). In annex: addresses and telephone numbers of federal agencies dealing with mine safety (principally the MSHA). (61684)

CIS 94-266 Approved code of practice for safety and health in the manufacture of paint, printing inks and resins. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1993. 53p. 24 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03482-9 (In English)

Contents of this revised code of practice (see CIS 91-1910 for previous edition): manufacturing processes and their associated hazards (exposure to solvent vapours and other chemicals, safe entry to confined spaces, caustic cleaning of tanks); design and operation of the manufacturing process (ventilation, plant layout and work methods, dust control, flammability hazards, static electricity); obligations of employers and employees; general safety, health and welfare (housekeeping, disaster plans, hazard assessment, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene, maintenance, environmental monitoring, health monitoring, records). (61760)

CIS 94-267 OSH-OFFSHORE on SilverPlatter [United Kingdom]. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. CD-ROM disk + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible microcomputers). (In English)

CD-ROM disk with the full text of approx. 1,800 documents relevant to offshore safety in the United Kingdom. Included are the texts of relevant laws and regulations, interpretations of legislation (codes of practice etc.), guidance notes, reports and transcripts of the Piper Alpha Public Inquiry, operations and safety notices, Offshore Technology Reports, and articles from relevant journals (Offshore Research Focus, EECs Newsletter, OIAC Bulletin). (61814)

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CIS 94-268 Employment in electronics manufacturing and risk of spontaneous abortion. Shusterman D., Windham G.C., Fenster L., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.381-386. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

A large case-control study of environmental risk factors for spontaneous abortion was conducted in a California county. Because of the prevalence of electronics production work within this population, a specialized questionnaire was administered to self-identified electronics production workers. The odds ratio for spontaneous abortion and any electronics production work was 0.94 (95% confidence interval = 0.58, 1.5). Odds ratios for the three main branches of electronics production (semi-conductor fabrication, printed circuit board manufacturing, and assembly) were likewise near or below unity. Specific production activities with elevated odds ratios included semi-conductor diffusion, parts encapsulation, soldering, and flux removal, although the numbers were small and none of the confidence intervals excluded unity. Limitations of this study included modest statistical power and a potential for non-differential misclassification of exposures, both of which could bias findings towards the null. (61592)

CIS 94-269 Job characteristics and occupational safety of manufacturing jobs at different levels of automation. Mattila M., Kiviniitty J., International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, 1993, Vol.3, No.3, p.243-252. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

Job and safety analyses were carried out on both manual tasks and tasks performed by CNC machine tools in two engineering machine shops. The study showed that although CNC technology incorporates improved safety, safety devices continued to be the most important factor contribution to the safety of the CNC operator's work. More advanced technology was, however, linked with an increased frequency of contact with other people and an improvement in the work environment. The incidents that occurred illustrated the inability of the operators to predict the current state of the machine. (61713)

CIS 94-270 Laser hazards in research laboratories. Barbanel C.S., Ducatman A.M., Garston M.J., Fuller T., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.369-374. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Five cases of laser-associated incidents at a research institution which required medical follow-up are reported, plus exposure circumstances from four other incidents. Eye injuries from direct and reflected beams resulted from open alignment procedures in the absence of appropriate eye protection. Nd:YAG lasers operated with doubling crystals appear to create a considerable risk. It is believed that the importance of laser-associated injuries are under-estimated and the incidence under-reported in the research setting. Although experienced researchers are shown to suffer lapses in standard operating procedures, most incidents and all injuries involved inexperienced students. It is proposed that research laser users be registered and required to undergo formal training in laser safety. Student researchers are a key target population. Collaborative implementation between the equipment supplier and research user will be required to achieve this widespread implementation of effective training. (61591)

CIS 94-271 Toxicological investigations in the semiconductor industry - I. Studies on the acute oral toxicity of a complex mixture of waste products from the aluminium plasma etching process. Bauer S., Wolff I., Werner N., Hoffmann P., Herzschuh R., Oemus K., Rath F.W., Voigt R., Toxicology and Industrial Health, May-June 1992, Vol.8, No.3, p.141-156. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

In dry etching processes complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds arise. Two different fractions of the complex mixture (an ethanolic solution (ES) and an insoluble liquid residue (LR)) were examined for acute oral toxicity in rats. Analytical data showed that the ES contained mainly inorganic compounds, whereas the LR contained various halogenated hydrocarbons. Neither death nor behavioural changes occurred after oral administration and observation up to 23 days. ES caused a lower mean arterial blood pressure in both sexes, increased ECG P-R intervals in male rats, and caused some mild biochemical and haematological alterations and changes in relative organ weights compared to the control groups. Exposure to LR influenced food and water intake, and caused a significant decrease in body weights, signs of polyuria, as well as changes in various relative organ weights and biochemical and haematological parameters. The blood pressure of the male animals fell and the heart rates of both sexes decreased. (61611)

CIS 94-272 Safety, health and working conditions in the transfer of technology to developing countries. Code of practice. (Spanish: Seguridad, salud y condiciones de trabajo en la transferencia de tecnología a los países en desarrollo) International Labour Organization (ILO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. xi, 81p. Bibl.ref. Index. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-62-2 (In Spanish)

Practical recommendations of this translation of an ILO code of practice (for original, see CIS 88-858) are intended for all who have responsibility for controlling hazards arising from the transfer of technology. Covered are: general provisions; factors to consider in the transfer of technology; decisions to be made before any transfer of technology; design of plant, equipment, and machinery; technologies requiring additional safety provisions; administrative and institutional arrangements; training requirements; collection and use of information; actions at the enterprise, national and regional levels; role of international, employers' and workers' organizations; check lists for hazard control. (61551)

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CIS 94-273 Exposure to airborne asbestos in buildings. Lee R.J., Van Orden D.R., Corn M., Crump K.S., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Aug. 1992, Vol.16, No.1, p.93-107. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

A total of 2,892 air samples from 315 public, commercial, residential, school, and university buildings was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The average concentration of all asbestos structures was 0.02 structures/mL (s/mL) and the average concentration of asbestos ≥5µm long was 0.00013 fibres/mL (f/mL). The concentration of asbestos was higher in schools than in other buildings. In 48% of indoor samples and 75% of outdoor samples, no asbestos fibres were detected. The observed airborne concentration in 74% of the indoor samples and 96% of the outdoor samples was below the US Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act clearance level of 0.01s/mL. Finally, using those fibres which could be seen optically, all indoor and outdoor samples were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure level of 0.1f/mL for fibres ≥5µm in length. (61588)

CIS 94-274 Measurement of air concentrations of volatile aerosols in paint spray applications. Cohen B.S., Brosseau L.M., Fang C.P., Bowers A., Snyder C., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1992, Vol.7, No.8, p.514-521. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

This study investigated whether traditional vapour sampling measures provide reliable estimates of inhalation exposure during spray painting of automobiles. Xylene and toluene were tested as representative solvents. Measured air concentrations of xylene averaged about 2ppm at base-coat paint applications and less than 1ppm at clear coat applications. Toluene concentrations averaged about 0.1ppm for both processes. Comparisons of different samplers showed that droplets produced during the spraying of both base coat and clear coat operations retain liquid solvent when the droplets reach the breathing zone of workers. The fraction of airborne solvent represented by the droplets is influenced by both the solvent vapour pressure in the mixture and the original droplet size. For the solvents and processes tested here droplets contained up to 50% of airborne solvent. The use of prefiltered charcoal sorbent tubes is recommended for monitoring worker exposure to solvents in spray application processes. (61599)

CIS 94-275 Comparison of sampling media for endotoxin-contaminated aerosols. Gordon T., Galdanes K., Brosseau L., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1992, Vol.7, No.7, p.472-477. 10 ref. (In English)

In this study the influence of collection media and sampling method on endotoxin extraction for a variety of endotoxin-contaminated aerosols was examined. Glass fibre (GF) and cellulose acetate (CA) filters were equivalent and showed significantly higher amounts of extractable endotoxin than six other filter types. In subsequent experiments, GF, CA, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters were used to measure endotoxin concentrations in cotton dust and machining oil aerosol atmospheres. For cotton dust aerosols, CA and PVC filters showed approximately equal amounts of extractable endotoxin and were superior to GF filters. Significantly greater amounts of endotoxin were extracted from CA than either PVC or GF filters when sampling machining oil aerosols. Cascade impactors equipped with Mylar substrates demonstrated levels of endotoxin equivalent to the best filters for endotoxin/saline and cotton dust aerosols; no endotoxin was found when sampling machine oil mists. (61609)

CIS 94-276 Mineral fibres: Correlation between oxidising surface activity and DNA base hydroxylation. Nejjari A., Fournier J., Pezerat H., Leanderson P., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.501-504. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

To relate the potential genotoxic properties of inorganic particles to induce activated species of oxygen, the oxidative surface properties of 10 different natural and synthetic mineral fibres were investigated by: (1) an electron paramagnetic resonance technique in which formate was used to trap oxidative species; and (2) a high performance liquid chromatography based method in which deoxyguanosine was used as a trapping agent and the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) was measured. Ground iron-containing fibres such as crocidolite and amosite were the most reactive, whereas fibres without iron - for example, ceramic fibres, xonotlite, and Tismo L - were completely inactive. A good correlation was found when the results from the two methods were compared (r=0.86). (61671)

CIS 94-277 Mortality from lung cancer among copper miners. Chen R.I., Wei L., Huang H., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.505-509. 16 ref. (In English)

A cohort mortality study of lung cancer in 7088 copper miners was made from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1988. There was an excess of deaths from lung cancer. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 147 (p<0.01). The SMR increased with calendar period. There was a higher risk of deaths from lung cancer in the miners employed in the 1950s. Age at the start of exposure had no effect on the risk of lung cancer. The risk of death from lung cancer increased with the duration of exposure and the time since first exposure. The SMR for lung cancer was 173 in underground miners and 193 for drilling miners (both p<0.01). These data show that exposure to dust is associated with an excess of deaths from lung cancer in copper miners whereas exposure to radiation does not seem to carry such risk. (61672)

CIS 94-278 An epidemiological survey of respiratory morbidity among granite quarry workers in Singapore: Chronic bronchitis and lung function impairment. Ng T.P., Phoon W.H., Lee H.S., Ng Y.L., Tan K.T., Annals of the Academy of Medicine - Singapore, May 1992, Vol.21, No.3, p.312-317. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Respiratory symptoms of chronic bronchitis and measurements of lung function were studied in all workers currently employed in granite quarries in Singapore. Highly exposed rock drilling and crushing workers showed a greater prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm and a mean reduction of 5% in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Similar results were obtained after excluding those with silicosis. The study indicates a demonstrable risk of occupational bronchitis and obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment, apart from the well known risk of silicosis. (61717)

CIS 94-279 The need for standardised testing procedures for all products capable of liberating respirable fibres: The example of materials based on cellulose. Davis J.M.G., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.187-190. 56 ref. (In English)

Review article illustrating the need for the development of standardized testing methods for respirable fibres liberated by cellulose-based materials (paper, cardboard, wood etc). Only when the results of the long-term experiments suggested by the article are available can it be decided whether or not respirable cellulose fibres are sufficiently hazardous to require strict dust controls during manufacture and use, or whether products like shredded paper insulation materials are safe to use at all. (61733)

CIS 94-280 Unusual occupational toxins. Hryhorczuk D.O., Aks S.E., Turk J.W., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992. Vol.7, No.3, p.567-586. 145 ref. (In English)

Twelve of the most unusual industrial toxins are reviewed and their clinical manifestations and treatments explored: acetonitrile (laboratory reagent, solvent; primary toxicity due to its delayed metabolism to cyanide); acrylonitrile (commonly used; interesting toxicology); boron hydrides (rocket fuels; toxic); dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN, used as a catalyst in the chemical industry); dimethylformamide (widely used solvent; hepatotoxic); hydrazines (rocket and jet fuels, corrosion inhibitors etc; serious toxic effects); methyl isocyanate (intermediate in insecticide manufacturing; extremely toxic); 2-nitropropane (solvent, many other uses; hepatotoxic); phosphine (pesticide; toxic); stalinon and other organotin compounds (mostly of historical interest); tellurium (metal used as an alloy component, other uses; toxic); vanadium (trace metal used in alloys, other uses; toxic). (61542)

CIS 94-281 Chromium content in human skin after in vitro application of ordinary cement and ferrous-sulphate-reduced cement. Fullerton A., Gammelgaard B., Avnstorp C., Menné T., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1993, Vol.29, No.3, p.133-137. 11 ref. (In English)

The amount of chromium found in human skin after in vitro application of cement suspensions on full-thickness human skin in diffusion cells was investigated. Cement suspensions made from ordinary Portland cement or Portland cement with the chromate reduced with added ferrous sulfate were used. The cement suspensions were either applied on the skin surface under occlusion for 48h or applied repeatedly every 24h for 96h. No statistically significant difference in chromium content of skin layers between skin exposed to ordinary Portland cement, skin exposed to cement with added ferrous sulfate and unexposed skin was observed, despite a more permeable skin barrier at the alkaline pH of the cement suspensions, i.e. pH 12.5. Increased chromium levels in epidermis and dermis were seen when ordinary Portland cement was applied as a suspension with added sodium sulfate (20%) on the skin surface for 96h. The content of water-soluble chromium in ordinary Portland cement may vary due to the alkali sulfate content of the cement. (61547)

CIS 94-282 105 years of laboratory sanitary control in Estonia. (Estonian: 105 aastat laboratoorset sanitaarkontrolli Eestis; Russian: 105 let laboratornogo sanitarnogo kontrolja v Ėstonii) Ilmoja K., Margna L., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1993, No.2, p.4-5 (Estonian), p.16-17 (English), p.29-30 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

History (going back 105yrs) and current practice of public health laboratory analysis in Estonia, nowadays conducted by the Tartu Public Health Service Chemistry Laboratory. Both the occupational environment and public air pollution are surveyed. (61557)

CIS 94-283 Quality assurance in a biological monitoring programme of n-hexane exposure. (Italian: Verifica di qualità in un sistema di sorveglianza biologica dell' esposizione a n-esano) Bavazzano P., Lidonni V., Baldasseroni A., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.115-120. 16 ref. (In Italian)

Report on the results of a quality assurance programme for routine biological monitoring of n-hexane exposure via measurement of its urinary metabolite 2,5-hexanedione. Good agreement was found between high urinary levels of the metabolite (≥3.2mg/L, the action level) and poor environmental conditions at the workplace as recorded by the local occupational health services. A significant fall in 2,5-hexanedione levels was observed during the study period (1990-1991) in workplaces with at least one sentinel health event, i.e. where there were significant prevention methods taken. (61564)

CIS 94-284 A critical review of the toxicology of glutaraldehyde. Beauchamp R.O., St. Clair M.B.G., Fennell T.R., Clarke D.O., Morgan K.T., Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.22, No.3-4, p.143-174. Illus. 244 ref. (In English)

Glutaraldehyde, a low molecular weight aldehyde, was investigated for toxicity in humans and animals. Examination of this dialdehyde was indicated from previous studies with other aldehydes in which carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and toxicity of acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde have been disclosed. Information gaps concerning the actions of glutaraldehyde are identified in this review and recommendations are made for additional short-term and long-term studies. In particular, information regarding irritation of the respiratory tract, potential neurotoxicity, and developmental effects would assist in a complete hazard evaluation of glutaraldehyde. Further study related to disposition, metabolism, and reactions of glutaraldehyde may elucidate the mechanism of action. (61578)

CIS 94-285 Toxicological principles of metal carcinogenesis with special emphasis on cadmium. Waalkes M.P., Coogan T.P., Barter R.A., Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.22, No.3-4, p.175-201. Illus. 171 ref. (In English)

Metals are an important and emerging class of carcinogens. Considering that the list of known human carcinogens of any type is very small, it becomes clear that metals make up a substantial proportion of the list. Despite this, relatively little attention has been given to the topic of metal carcinogenesis. Although no clear mechanisms of action have emerged in the area of metal carcinogenesis, it has become apparent that they are anything but simple. Metal carcinogens possess several unique characteristics including a remarkable target site specificity. Detection of the mechanism(s) of metal carcinogenesis has proven elusive, however, partly because of a wide diversity of metallic carcinogenic agents and the intricate nature of metal interactions in biological systems. This review explores this broad topic, with special emphasis on toxicological principles including dose-response relationships and potential mechanisms. (61579)

CIS 94-286 An evaluation of chronic methylene chloride exposure. Soden K.J., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.282-286. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

Longitudinal study of workers exposed to high levels of methylene chloride (average = 475ppm 8h time-weighted average) for more than 10 years. Questions relating to cardiac and neurological symptoms and haematological tests revealed no significant differences between the exposed workers and controls. (61583)

CIS 94-287 Exposure to TMXDI^R (meta) aliphatic isocyanate and TMI^R (meta) unsaturated aliphatic isocyanate - Clinical and immunologic evaluation of 96 workers. Grammer L.C., Shaughnessy M.A., Davis R.A., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.287-290. 15 ref. (In English)

Ninety-six workers employed at facilities that manufacture or use TMXDI (meta) aliphatic isocyanate and TMI (meta) unsaturated aliphatic isocyanate underwent immunological tests and responded to a questionnaire designed to identify symptoms compatible with work-related syndromes such as asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. There were no workers with immunologically induced disease due to TMI isocyanate or TMXDI isocyanate nor were there any workers whose questionnaires suggested a new onset of asthma. Approximately 40% of workers experienced some irritant symptoms, mostly upper respiratory or ocular. One worker had low-level IgE antibody against TMXDI-HSA (human serum albumin) but had no work-related respiratory symptoms. Very low-level IgG against TMI-HSA or TMXDI-HSA was present in 7% of workers, all of whom were in the high exposure category. (61584)

CIS 94-288 Epidemic multiple chemical sensitivity in an industrial setting. Simon G.E., Toxicology and Industrial Health, July-Aug. 1992, Vol.8, No.4, p.41-46. 6 ref. (In English)

In 1987 a work unit at an aerospace manufacturing firm introduced a new process for producing fire-retardant composite plastics, which involved close work with solvents and irritants such as phenol and formaldehyde. Six months after the introduction of these materials 50 workers had reported illness, of whom a significant minority developed a full multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome. The subsequent evaluation of the case included air monitoring, medical examinations, psychiatric evaluations, and a study of the psychological conditions at the worksite. The subset of subjects with full MCS syndrome were examined more closely. Various psychological mechanisms are suggested which might explain the chemical sensitivity: a behavioural sensitization model in which physical symptoms are viewed as conditioned responses to some sensory cue; a symptom amplification model; a model which focuses on the social environment and views MCS as an exaggeration or displacement of legitimate concerns about health risks. (61603)

CIS 94-289 Acquired intolerance to solvents following pesticide/solvent exposure in a building - A new group of workers at risk for multiple chemical sensitivities?. Cone J.E., Sult T.A., Toxicology and Industrial Health, July-Aug. 1992, Vol.8, No.4, p.29-39. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

This study describes an incident involving resort hotel workers who reported various symptoms most likely associated with pesticide applications to control cockroach infestation. Many of these workers subsequently developed acquired intolerance to pesticides, solvents, or other agents, suggesting multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). The accepted hypothesis for the outbreak is that it represents acute and chronic poisoning with a cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide, probably the carbamate pesticide Baygon, mixed with organic solvent carriers. It is noted that in two previous building-associated pesticide poisoning cases there were far fewer MCS-like symptoms reported. It is suggested that the difference in the outbreak under review may be the ongoing nature of the exposure, namely that the repeated applications of pesticides and carriers in the same environment contrast with the evacuation and clean-up that occurred in the other two building outbreaks. (61604)

CIS 94-290 The genetic toxicology of cobalt. Beyersmann D., Hartwig A., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, July 1992, Vol.115, No.1, p.137-145. 78 ref. (In English)

Genetic and related effects of cobalt compounds are reviewed and discussed with respect to mechanisms. The sections of the paper discuss: exposure, absorption, and general toxicity, including human exposure levels; carcinogenicity and genetic effects in vivo; genetic and related effects in vitro, including prokaryotic assays, genetic studies with yeast and plants, and genotoxicity studies in mammalian systems; modulation of genotoxicity of other agents; mechanistic aspects, including the role of reactive oxygen species, effects on DNA synthesis and possible role of DNA repair inhibition. These mechanisms are regarded as relevant for the risk assessment of human exposure to cobalt in combination with other agents. (61605)

CIS 94-291 High-efficiency particulate air/charcoal filtered vacuum cleaner challenge tests with semiconductor gases and vapors. Wendt N.C., Mosovsky J.A., Varadi L., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1992, Vol.7, No.7, p.425-433. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered vacuum cleaners have been used for years to clean up toxic particles. Equipped with activated impregnated charcoal, vacuum cleaners have also been used to adsorb toxic vapours such as mercury. The purpose of the tests was to determine a number of parameters relating to the use of special impregnated activated charcoal for removing semi-conductor gases and vapours from the air discharge of a modified off-the-shelf HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaner. Test results were used to determine collection efficiencies as well as studying off-gassing and vapour desorption of challenge materials thought to be present during routine maintenance and servicing of semi-conductor process equipment. Such a modified vacuum cleaner can be effective in scrubbing certain semi-conductor process emissions and can enhance safety during equipment cleaning and servicing. (61606)

CIS 94-292 Exposure to mercury in industry and dentistry - A field comparison between diffusive and active samplers. Sällsten G., Barregård L., Langworth S., Vesterberg O., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1992, Vol.7, No.7, p.434-440. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

A field comparison between active and diffusive Hydrar samplers for measurements of mercury in air was performed in a chemical plant, a thermometer factory, and six dental surgeries. In all three environments, the diffusive samplers showed considerably lower values than the active samplers. In the range 1-123µg/m³ of mercury in air, the passive samplers showed 64% (95% confidence interval 60-68) of the results of the active samplers. Mercury levels in air were low in dentistry (median 2.8µg/m³) and moderate in the thermometer factory (median 38µg/m³). The exposure for maintenance workers in the chemical plant was higher, median 56µg/m³ during normal maintenance and 97µg/m³ during a shutdown. As expected, stationary samplings in industry showed lower concentrations than personal samplings. In dentistry surgeries, however, there was a relatively good agreement between the results from the personal Hydrar tubes and the stationary ones placed behind the patient. (61607)

CIS 94-293 On reference dose (RfD) and its underlying toxicity data base. Dourson M.L., Knauf L.A., Swartout J.C., Toxicology and Industrial Health, May-June 1992, Vol.8, No.3, p.171-189. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

Toxicity data on pesticides were summarized and compared amongst different animal species and types of bioassays. These comparisons showed the expected variability. After quantitative and statistical analysis, it was concluded that, on the average, a two-year dog bioassay detected toxic responses at similar doses as a two-year rat study, and that both of these bioassays detected toxic responses at lower doses than either a rat two-generation bioassay, a rat developmental toxicity study, or a two-year mouse bioassay. Although these chronic dog and rat bioassays were found to detect toxic responses at lower doses than the other studies listed, this analysis does not reflect the seriousness of the effects that were compared. Within the confines of this analysis, then, it appears that a two-year dog and rat study, reproductive and developmental bioassays are a sufficient data base on which to estimate high confidence Reference Doses (RfDs), and furthermore, that an additional uncertainty factor is needed to estimate RfDs to account for this variability when fewer than this number of bioassays are available. (61612)

CIS 94-294 Scientific and practical considerations for the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for chemical substances. Galer D.M., Leung H.W., Sussman R.G., Trzos R.J., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, June 1992, Vol.15, No.3, p.291-306. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) serve occupational health professionals as benchmarks for a healthy work environment. OELs are generally developed by manufacturers for substances which are not subject to governmental regulation or which have not been evaluated by consensus organizations such as the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This review is intended to serve as a practical guide to the standard-setting process. The discussion encompasses the evaluation of data, the different methods used for calculating limits, and the application of these limits to the workplace. The need for additional research to enhance the reliability of current methods is also discussed. (61619)

CIS 94-295 Survey of glycol ether use in Taiwan, 1991. Lin C.K., Chen R.Y., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.101-108. 9 ref. (In English)

Recently, E-series glycol ethers have been found to show reproductive and teratogenic toxicity, and throughout much of the world they are being replaced by the so-called P-series glycol ethers. In responding to the impact of the worldwide transition from E- to P-series glycol ethers, the current status of glycol ether use in Taiwan was studied. This study found that large quantities of E-series glycol ethers were imported and used in Taiwan. The best estimates are: 2-ME, 2,500 tons; 2-EE, 1,200 tons; 2-EEA, 5,000-8,000 tons; 2-BE, 8,000 tons annually in 1991. For P-series glycol ethers, only about 2,500 tons are being used. Lack of knowledge about the potential toxic effects of the E-series glycol ethers is very common among users, regulatory agencies, academic institutes, and the general public. It is hoped that the results of this study, along with educational efforts, government regulations, and provision of technical services, will help prevent Taiwan becoming a dumping site for these toxic chemicals. (61647)

CIS 94-296 Exchange of views on chemical risk assessment. Watterson A., Mercier M., Lotti M., Lancet, 17 July 1993, Vol.342, No.8864, p.131-132. 6 ref.; 18 Sep. 1993, Vol.342, No.8873, p.746.; 16 Oct. 1993, Vol.342, No.8877, p.993-994. 4 ref. (In English)

Letters to the editor concerning the credibility of the Environmental Health Criteria (EHCs) published by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). Watterson (17 July), an academic, states that the involvement of industry in the drafting of EHCs and the absence of public-interest groups from the review panels undermines their public credibility. Mercier (18 Sep.), of the IPCS, replies by indicating the many sources of information and expertise that are drawn on in EHC preparation, and noting that the UN has specifically called on industry to supply data. Lotti (16 Oct.), an academic and chairman of a task group criticized by Watterson, defends the intellectual integrity of the scientists involved in the preparation of EHCs. Watterson's reply emphasizes the diversity of opinion that can exist within the scientific community and calls on IPCS to subsidize the attendance of non-academic, non-industrial persons at review meetings, and to publish registers of the interests, affiliations and funding of task group members. (61648)

CIS 94-297 The setting of an occupational exposure limit for phosphamidon in the workplace - A Chinese approach. Zhuang J.G., Cheng Y.J., Yang S.X., Shu J.H., Levy L.S., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.37, No.1, p.89-99. 31 ref. (In English)

As a result of a systematic occupational health survey on the workers exposed to phosphamidon, together with the literature review, a 'maximum allowable concentration' (MAC) for phosphamidon in workplace air is suggested: 0.02mg/m³, on the condition that the route of skin entry be blocked effectively. The standard-setting process in China is compared to the current UK approach. (61665)

CIS 94-298 Renal tubular function of cadmium exposed workers. Chia K.S., Tan A.L., Chia S.E., Ong C.N., Jeyaratnam J., Annals of the Academy of Medicine - Singapore, Nov. 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.756-759. 25 ref. (In English)

A study was made of renal tubular dysfunction among a group of 92 cadmium exposed workers from a nickel-cadmium battery factory and a control group. The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-2-microglobulins (β2m) and alpha-1-microglobulins (α1m) was measured from morning spot urine samples. Excretion of NAG and α1m showed an increasing trend with rising urinary cadmium levels and with increasing length of exposure; levels were significantly raised when the urinary cadmium was above 5µg Cd/g creatinine. Results indicate that renal tubular dysfunction is present among cadmium exposed workers with levels below the current critical concentration (10µg Cd/g creatinine). (61708)

CIS 94-299 Chronic mercury poisoning. Buckell M., Hunter D., Milton R., Perry K.M.A., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.98-106 (given as p.55-106). Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

Reprint of a classic study of chronic mercury (Hg) poisoning in a thermometer workshop (72 workers) and a pharmaceutical factory where Hg compounds were manufactured (11 workers), originally published in the BJIM in 1946 (3:55-63). The symptoms of chronic mercury poisoning (erethism, tremor and stomatitis) are described. Only the thermometer makers seemed to be affected. Results of urine analysis and atmospheric sampling suggested that these workers must have absorbed ten times as much Hg in a day than could have been absorbed from the atmosphere. The additional route of entry is suggested to be either absorption through the skin or ingestion. (61721)

CIS 94-300 An assessment of exposure to glutaraldehyde in hospitals: Typical exposure levels and recommended control measures. Leinster P., Baum J.M., Baxter P.J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.107-111. 12 ref. (In English)

An assessment of exposure to glutaraldehyde in cold sterilization and X-ray development processes was undertaken in 14 locations at six hospitals in south east England. The results obtained indicate that routine exposures of hospital workers to airborne concentrations of the compound are within the current United Kingdom occupational exposure limit of 0.7mg/m³. There was the potential for skin contact in many of the activities observed and alternative sterilization and disinfection procedures would have been more appropriate in some situations. Recommendations are made for the reduction of exposures, as the current occupational exposure limit for this compound may not be appropriate. (61722)

CIS 94-301 Acute arsine poisoning in a ferrous metal foundry: Report on two cases. (French: Intoxication aiguë par l'hydrogène arsénié dans une fonderie de métaux ferreux. A propos de deux observations) Mora V., Pairon J.C., Garnier R., Laureillard J., Lionnet F., Hoguet L., Schaeffer A., Efthymiou M.L., Brochard P., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.167-173. Illus. 21 ref. (In French)

Acute arsine poisoning was observed in 2 workers employed in a ferrous metal foundry. One presented an acute haemolysis with acute renal failure, requiring haemodialysis. Renal function slowly recovered but high blood pressure was observed secondarily. The 2nd case presented as predominantly cytolytic hepatitis on the 20th day after acute haemolysis. The evolution was rapidly resolutive, with no transfusion needed. The hypothesis of a causal role of arsine intoxication in this hepatitis is therefore possible. Subsequent atmospheric measurements in the workplace showed detectable amounts of arsine during the shovelling of the scories: results were < or equal to the threshold limit value when the operations were performed in dry conditions. In contrast, an atmospheric level of 60ppm was observed when water was added to the scories. This could be due to arsenical impurities present in ferrosilicium and calcium carbide used in the foundry. These observations underline the potential risk of arsine intoxication in such industries and raise the possibility of a delayed cytolytic hepatitis. (61753)

CIS 94-302 How do exhaust systems function properly over a long period of time?. (German: Wie sind Abzüge auch auf Dauer sicher?) Friedrich C., Sicherheit im öffentlichen Dienst, Jan.-Feb. 1992, Vol.20, No.1, p.5-7. Illus. (In German)

In school, university and hospital laboratories, exhaust systems must be used to eliminate harmful substances from the workplace air. According to the new version of the German Standard DIN 12924 part 1, the performance of exhaust systems must be monitored. An optical as well as acoustical alarm must be sounded in case of any malfunction. For exhaust systems built before 1991, the old version of the Standard, with no monitoring requirement, still applies. The velocity at which air is drawn off by these units must be checked at regular intervals in order to determine whether they are still functioning properly. The procedure to determine the exhaust rate is outlined. (61761)

CIS 94-303 Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to inhalation anaesthetics - Determination of urinary nitrous oxide, halothane and isoflurane. (Italian: Monitoraggio biologico dell'esposizione professionale a gas e vapori anestetici - Determinazione di protossido d'azoto, alotano e isofluorano nell'urina) Buratti M., Pellegrino O., Valla C., Colombi A., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.66-73. Illus. 9 ref. (In Italian)

A gas-chromatographic method is described for measuring the urinary concentrations of nitrous oxide, halothane and isoflurane. The detection limit (ranging from 0.03µg/L for halothane to 1µg/L for nitrous oxide), between-day precision (CV<6%) and working linear range (up to 100µg/L for halothane and 2000µg/L for nitrous oxide) were determined. A two-year experience in biological monitoring of occupationally exposed surgical staff with the proposed method is reported and confounding factors are discussed. The method is easy to perform, free from interferences and suitable for use in routine analysis in toxicological laboratories. (61786)

CIS 94-304 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by diethylenetriamine in carbonless copy paper. Kanerva L., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Henriks-Eckerman M.L., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1993, Vol.29, No.3, p.147-151. 31 ref. (In English)

Carbonless copy paper, or 'no carbon required' (NCR) paper, has often been implicated as the cause of skin, respiratory, or general symptoms, but allergy has been verified in only a few cases. A 43-year-old machinist whose work involved the manufacture of NCR paper developed occupational dermatitis on the hands. On patch testing, both the NCR paper and 1 of the chemicals used to produce the microcapsules of the NCR paper, namely diethylenetriamine (DETA), provoked an allergic reaction. Analysis of the paper showed that it contained enough DETA to induce allergic contact dermatitis. People who handle NCR paper and develop symptoms of contact dermatitis should be patch tested with DETA. (61548)

CIS 94-305 Mortality of workers in two Minnesota taconite mining and milling operations. Cooper W.C., Wong O., Graebner R., Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1988, Vol.30, No.6, p.506-511. 12 ref. (In English)

Mortality during 1947-1983 was studied in 3,444 men employed for at least three months in Minnesota taconite mining operations during 1947-1958. There were 801 deaths (SMR, USA white males = 61, p≤0.01; SMR, Minnesota = 85). There were 41 deaths due to respiratory cancer 20 or more years after first taconite employment (SMR, USA rates = 57, p≤0.01). SMRs for various other cancers were elevated but below the level of statistical significance. There was one death from pleural mesothelioma, 11yrs after first taconite employment, in a man with long prior employment as a locomotive operator. No evidence exists for asbestos-related disease in taconite miners and millers. A follow-up of this study is abstracted under CIS 94-306. (61571)

CIS 94-306 An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. Cooper W.C., Wong O., Trent L.S., Harris F., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1173-1180. 33 ref. (In English)

This is the second update (for a first update, see CIS 94-305) of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles, from 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 and 91, based on US and Minnesota death rates, respectively. In no instance were there any patterns suggesting work exposures being associated with causes of death. The study, in which the minimum potential latency period was 30 years, provided no evidence for any association between low-level exposures to non-asbestiform amphibole particles or quartz with either lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory disease or any other specific cause. (61574)

CIS 94-307 Beryllium disease screening in the ceramics industry - Blood lymphocyte test performance and exposure-disease relations. Kreiss K., Wasserman S., Mroz M.M., Newman L.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.267-274. 13 ref. (In English)

Nine new cases of biopsy-confirmed chronic beryllium disease were identified among 505 employees and ex-employees in a company that had manufactured beryllia ceramics from 1958 to 1975. Of tests commonly used in medical surveillance, only a confirmed blood beryllium lymphocyte transformation test had a high positive predictive value for beryllium disease (100%). However, two beryllium disease cases had either a normal or inconsistently abnormal blood test and were identified for diagnostic work-up by abnormal chest radiography. The only risk factor for beryllium disease was beryllium exposure. Degree of exposure was associated with disease rates, which ranged from 2.9% to 15.8% for beryllia-exposed subgroups. The data support efforts to prevent beryllium disease by lowering beryllium exposures and to identify subclinical and early disease by broad-based medical surveillance using the blood beryllium lymphocyte test and chest radiography. (61581)

CIS 94-308 Excess hepatobiliary cancer mortality among munitions workers exposed to dinitrotoluene. Stayner L.T., Dannenberg A.L., Bloom T., Thun M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.291-296. 16 ref. (In English)

The association between dinitrotoluene (DNT) exposure and increased risk of cancers of the liver and biliary tract was studied through an analysis of the mortality experience of exposed workers (n=4,989) and unexposed workers (n=7,436) at a study facility between 1949 and 1980. An excess of hepatobiliary cancer was observed among workers exposed to DNT. The SMR for hepatobiliary cancer was 2.67 (six cases) based upon comparison with the US population, and 3.88 based upon comparison with controls. The study was limited by the small number of workers with long-term DNT exposure, and by the lack of quantitative information on exposure to DNT and other chemicals. Nonetheless, the excess in hepatobiliary cancer mortality observed among DNT-exposed workers in this study is similar to findings from animal studies. (61585)

CIS 94-309 Exposure to engine exhaust and risk of subsequent cancer. Van Den Eeden S.K., Friedman G.D., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.307-311. 34 ref. (In English)

The study evaluated the relation between occupational exposure to engine exhaust fumes and cancer risk among members of a large prepaid health plan who reported on exposure during a routine health examination (n=160,230). Exposure in the past year was associated with an elevated risk of cancer of the thyroid (relative risk (RR)=1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01- 3.92), female breast (RR=1.53; CI, 1.00-2.33), non-brain nervous system (RR=2.26; CI, 1.09-4.67), and lip/tongue (RR=1.82; CI, 1.09-3.04), and a decreased risk of melanoma (RR=0.50; CI, 0.27-0.90). However, another measure of exposure that included both exposure prior to one year and exposure in the past year was associated only with cancer of the lip/tongue (RR=1.82; CI, 1.02-3.32). No association was observed for lung, bladder, or larynx cancer or multiple myeloma. (61586)

CIS 94-310 Healthy worker effect in a cross-sectional study of lead workers. Nuyts G.D., Elseviers M.M., De Broe M.E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.387-391. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

A cross-sectional study of workers at a lead-smelting plant was conducted in order to study the role lead may play in the development of renal disease. Renal function was defined based on calculated creatinine clearance using the prevalence of values under the third percentile to compare groups. The prevalence of clearance values under the third percentile in these workers (n=1782) as a whole was 2.81%, a result comparable to that expected for the general population. Closer analysis, however, showed significantly lower prevalence of calculated creatinine clearance under the third percentile in some workers. These subgroups were workers between the ages of 30 and 39, workers over 50, and Belgian workers who had worked in the plant for longer than 10 years. In conclusion, these observations once more clearly demonstrate a "healthy worker effect" on the measurement of renal function in this work force, a major problem in epidemiological cross-sectional studies. (61593)

CIS 94-311 Dermatitis in workers exposed to antimony in a melting process. White G.P., Mathias C.G.T., Davin J.S., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.392-395. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

An employee at a brazing-rod manufacturing plant developed a generalized eruption of follicular papules and pustules. His job tasks included breaking up antimony ingots and melting the pieces in a crucible; he was exposed to antimony metal dust and to antimony trioxide fumes. Two fellow employees who later performed the same job tasks developed similar eruptions. The clinical and workplace evaluations suggested that the fumes from melting antimony were the cause of the dermatoses, and that the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit is not adequate in preventing cutaneous effects of antimony exposure. (61594)

CIS 94-312 Use of urinary formic acid as a biologic exposure index of methanol exposure. Franzblau A., Levine S.P., Schreck R.M., D'Arcy J.B., Qu Q.S., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1992, Vol.7, No.7, p.467-471. 33 ref. (In English)

Interest has developed in the use of urinary formic acid as a biological exposure index of occupational methanol exposure. Four human subjects were exposed to approximately 200ppm of methanol in a test chamber for six hours. Ambient air in the chamber was monitored for methanol, while urine was monitored for formic acid. Urine specimens were collected immediately before, immediately after, and 16h following cessation of exposure to methanol. Mean urinary formic acid was increased from baseline at the end of the exposure session (though not significantly), but had returned to baseline in samples collected 16h following cessation of exposure. These results suggest that measurement of urinary formic acid in specimens collected 16h following cessation of exposure to methanol may not be an appropriate approach to biologically assess methanol exposure. (61608)

CIS 94-313 Epidemiological study of the cardiovascular effects of carbon disulphide. Vanhoorne M., De Bacquer D., De Backer G., International Journal of Epidemiology, Aug. 1992, Vol.21, No.4, p.745-752. 52 ref. (In English)

An extensive health survey of 115 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS₂) and 76 controls was undertaken. Personal monitoring performed in 17 jobs showed exposures varying from 4 to 112mg/m³. There were no significant differences between exposed workers and controls in the prevalence of angina, history of myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication and ECG signs of ischaemia. Blood pressure, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and the apolipoproteins A1 and B rose while high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, the HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A1 and the LDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratios decreased significantly with increasing exposure. Adjustment for various factors in multiple linear regression analysis showed significant effects of the CS₂ cumulative exposure index on systolic BP, diastolic BP, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B, the LDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein B and HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A1 ratios. (61610)

CIS 94-314 Chronic renal effects in three studies of men and women occupationally exposed to cadmium. Mueller P.W., Paschal D.C., Hammel R.R., Klincewicz S.L., MacNeil M.L., Spierto B., Steinberg K.K., Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, July 1992, Vol.23, No.1, p.125-136. Illus. 44 ref. (In English)

Sensitive indicators of renal damage were measured in three different populations occupationally exposed to cadmium. The degree of variation in damage and the relative sensitivity of different types of indicators were also examined. The three studies included: (1) men exposed in a cadmium recovery plant; (2) men exposed in a nickel/cadmium battery plant; and (3) women exposed in the latter plant. Renal damage was indicated by three categories of urinary protein. These tests indicate that exposed groups with higher urine cadmium levels had varying degrees of renal damage. All exposed groups showed evidence of renal damage when compared with control groups. Highly significant dose-response relationships for all of the urinary protein tests, including fractional clearances, were found. All of the tests were more sensitive in detecting evidence of subclinical renal damage than serum creatinine, a commonly used indicator of renal function. (61613)

CIS 94-315 Peripheral neuropathy after occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Sweeney M.H., Fingerhut M.A., Arezzo J.C., Hornung R.W., Connally L.B., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.845-858. 34 ref. (In English)

In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was measured in 265 workers exposed 15 years earlier to chemicals contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and in 244 unexposed. Cases of peripheral neuropathy were defined from examination, electrophysiologic and quantitative sensory tests, and symptoms. Exposure was assessed by measuring lipid-adjusted serum TCDD levels. The mean serum TCDD level for workers (220 parts per trillion (ppt)) was significantly higher than for referents (7ppt) (p<.0001). Thirty-two percent of both worker and referent groups met the case definition for peripheral neuropathy. In the logistic regression analyses, serum TCDD level was not related to peripheral neuropathy. These data suggest that despite continued high serum TCDD levels, peripheral neuropathy is not a long-term sequela of high exposure to TCDD-contaminated chemicals. However, the study cannot preclude the occurrence and subsequent resolution of acute effects caused by high exposure, as experienced in Seveso and by some workers exposed to high levels of TCDD-contaminated substances. (61655)

CIS 94-316 Fibreglass or silica exposure and increased nephritis or ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease). Golsdmith J.R., Goldsmith D.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.873-881. 27 ref. (In English)

A U.S. multi-plant cohort mortality study of workers producing manufactured mineral fibres is finding increasing mortality from nephritis and/or nephrosis. Other data were examined to see if similar effects can be identified. In a case-referent study among Michigan patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), men with exposures to silica have an elevated odds ratio for ESRD. In a California study based on 1979-81 data, some construction trades, farmers, and farm laborers showed excess mortality for renal disease. The highest mortality ratio was found in the category including insulation workers. California mortality data from 20 years earlier fail to show much excess renal disease in construction workers, but do for farmers. In Singapore, granite workers with a long-term exposure to silica have excess excretion of albumin and similar compounds, suggesting that silica exposure can lead to silica nephrotoxicity. Nephropathy has also been linked to non-occupational silica exposure. Although high blood concentrations of silica are found in persons with renal failure, the close association with elevated creatinine has been interpreted as evidence that the buildup of silica is due to renal failure, rather than vice-versa. (61657)

CIS 94-317 Chemical exposure in manufacture of phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols and in spraying of phenoxy herbicides. Kauppinen T., Kogevinas M., Johnson E., Becher H., Bertazzi P.A., De Mesquita H.B.B., Coggon D., Green L., Littorin M., Lynge E., Mathews J., Neuberger M., Osman J., Pannett B., Pearce N., Winkelmann R., Saracci R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.903-920. 15 ref. (In English)

Exposure patterns are reported for manufacturing and sprayer cohorts incorporated in the "IARC International Register of Workers exposed to Phenoxy Herbicides and Contaminants". Information was based on company questionnaires, company reports, plant visits, and serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD measurements. In addition to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols, workers in manufacturing plants may have been exposed to raw materials, process chemicals, other agents synthesized or formulated, and impurities of all these agents. Sprayers also had a complex exposure pattern, including phenoxy herbicides and some other pesticides, their carriers and additives, and residues of chemicals formed during manufacture. Biological monitoring and industrial hygiene data were rarely available, most since the late 1970s. Exposure of workers depended mainly on the jobs they performed. A quantitative exposure classification is not feasible in this study. Semiquantitative exposure estimates may be derived through a critical interpretation of biological monitoring and industrial hygiene data together with individual work histories. (61658)

CIS 94-318 Somatosensory evoked potentials in workers exposed to toluene and styrene. Štětkářová I., Urban P., Procházka B., Lukáš E., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.520-527. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate possible subclinical impairment of the nervous system in 36 rotogravure printers with severe exposure to toluene, 20 workers with severe exposure to styrene in a glass laminate manufacturing plant, and a comparison group of healthy subjects. Exposure was estimated by measurements of toluene and styrene in breathing zone air, hippuric acid in urine in the group exposed to toluene, and urinary mandelic acid in the group exposed to styrene. Peripheral conduction velocities in the arm and leg, and central conduction time after tibial nerve stimulation were decreased in both exposed groups. Prolonged latencies of peripheral and cortical SEPs were found in workers exposed to styrene. Some abnormalities in SEP's at peripheral or spinal and cortical levels were found in both groups. A trend toward increased frequency of abnormal SEPs with duration of exposure of toluene and styrene and alcohol abuse was found. Abnormalities in SEPs in the exposed groups are most probably of multifactorial origin. Central SEP abnormalities in both exposed groups could indicate early signs of subclinical dysfunction at spinal and cortical levels and could be due to toluene or styrene exposure, probably potentiated by alcohol consumption in the group exposed to toluene. (61673)

CIS 94-319 Exposure dependent increase in DNA single strand breaks in leucocytes from workers exposed to low concentrations of styrene. Walles S.A.S., Edling C., Anundi H., Johanson G., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.570-574. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

Single-strand breaks in DNA were monitored in leucocytes from 17 men occupationally exposed to styrene. Personal air monitoring was carried out during one workday, exposure to styrene was also monitored by analyzing blood and urine. Single-strand breaks were measured by the alkaline elution technique. The biological samples were collected before a shift, at the end of a shift, and the next morning, before the next shift. An exposure-dependent increase in single-strand breaks was seen at the end of a shift but not before a shift or the next morning. The amount of DNA damage was roughly doubled after eight hours of exposure to 18ppm styrene or at a urine concentration of 240mg mandelic acid/g creatinine compared with the damage in non-exposed men. This study indicates that single-strand breaks may be sensitive markers of genotoxic effects. This is the first time that such markers have been shown to correlate with exposure to less than 20ppm styrene. (61677)

CIS 94-320 Kinetics and renal effects of formic acid in occupationally exposed farmers. Liesivuori J., Laitinen J., Savolainen H., Archives of Toxicology, 1992, Vol.66, No.7, p.522-524. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

Twelve male farmers (38 ± 14 years of age, mean ± SD) were exposed to 7.3 ± 2.2mg formic acid/m³ for 8h in silage making (mean ± SD, N=12). Each gave urine samples immediately, 15h and 30h after the end of the exposure. The excretion of formate was linearly related to the exposure 15 and 30h after exposure. Exposure increased renal ammoniagenesis and urinary calcium at 30h post-exposure. Both biochemical effects may be explained by the interaction of formic acid with the oxidative metabolism of renal tubular cells, as formic acid is a known inhibitor of the cytochrome oxidase. In view of these renal effects, the current hygiene limits may not entirely protect exposed individuals. (61587)

CIS 94-321 Systemic effects of inhalational methyl bromide poisoning: A study of nine cases occupationally exposed due to inadvertent spread during fumigation. Hustinx W.N.M., van de Laar R.T.H., van Huffelen A.C., Verwey J.C., Meulenbelt J., Savelkoul T.J.F., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.155-159. 21 ref. (In English)

Systemic methyl bromide (CH₃Br) poisoning with signs and symptoms of varying severity developed in nine greenhouse workers after acute inhalational exposure on two consecutive dates (one exposure episode might have been to >200ppm = 800mg/m³ CH₃Br). Two of the victims needed intensive care for several weeks because of severe reactive myoclonus and generalized convulsions, which remained unresponsive to drug treatment and could only be suppressed effectively by induction of thiopental coma continued for three weeks. Prior subchronic exposure to CH₃Br is likely to have been a factor in the development of severe symptoms. A factor contributing to the rapid spreading of CH₃Br through the greenhouse was the fact that the drainage system was empty and out-of-use. (61729)

CIS 94-322 Dose indicators in farm workers exposed to mancozeb. (Italian: Indicatori di dose in agricoltori esposti a mancozeb) Canossa E., Angiuli G., Garasto G., Buzzoni A., de Rosa E., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.42-50. Illus. 13 ref. (In Italian)

A study was performed on seven farm workers exposed to mancozeb to validate dose indicators. Two indirect methods were employed to monitor air-dispersed mancozeb in the working environment (average concentration 57.2µg/Nm³): carbon disulfide and manganese dosage. The latter proved to be more applicable. To assess skin contamination, the concentration of mancozeb was measured on pads placed on work overalls and in the liquid employed to wash workers' hands. Average concentrations of 0.86µg/cm² and 641µg were obtained respectively. A good correlation was found between mancozeb concentration on pads and in the air. Urinary ethylenethiourea (ETU) and manganese measured before and after a three-day exposure were selected as indicators for internal dose. In all but three cases (2.9-2.3 and 4.4mg/g creat.), ETU was below the sensitivity limit of the method employed. Urinary manganese increased from a mean of 0.32µg/g creat. to a mean of 0.53µg/g creat. after the exposure. The correlation with environmental data was r=0.667. (61783)

CIS 94-323 Quartz analyses of the bulk dust samples collected by the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining. Greskevitch M.F., Turk A.R., Dieffenbach A.L., Roman J.M., Groce D.W., Hearl F.J., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1992, Vol.7, No.8, p.527-531. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveyed 491 mines across the country during the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (1984-89). The aim of the survey was to inventory and characterize all of the health-related agents to which US miners are potentially exposed. This report presents the potential exposure data for quartz measured in bulk dust samples. The bulk dust samples that were analyzed from the 491 mines yielded an average 14% of quartz. Surface labourers in coal mine occupations and bin pulley/truck loader workers in metal/non-metal occupations were potentially exposed to bulk dust containing the highest average percentage quartz (19% and 33%, respectively) compared to other occupations. The highest average percentage quartz (22%) was found in surface pit coal mines. Out of 272,000 miners represented in the study, 78,000 (29%) were potentially exposed to bulk dust containing an average of quartz greater than 12%. (61601)

CIS 94-324 Cor pulmonale and silicosis: A necropsy based case-control study. Murray J., Reid G., Kielkowski D., de Beer M., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.50, No.6, p.544-548. 28 ref. (In English)

The presence of cor pulmonale at death in relation to other factors such as emphysema, silicosis, and thromboembolism was analyzed in a case-control study of 732 South African gold miners. Marked emphysema was the highest risk factor with an odds ratio of 21.32 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.02-90.7), then extensive silicosis (OR 4.95, 95% CI 2.92-8.38) and thromboembolic disease (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.37-2.69). Age and smoking were not significant predictors of cor pulmonale. (61674)

CIS 94-325 Bronchial reactivity among cotton workers in relation to dust and endotoxin exposure. Rylander R., Bergström R., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.37, No.1, p.57-63. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

Bronchial reactivity was measured before work among non-smoking female and male workers from carding, spinning, warping and weaving areas in a cotton mill. Airport baggage loaders were used as controls. The amount of dust and endotoxin was measured at the different workplaces. Statistically significant decreases in FEV₁ were found between groups of cotton workers at different work sites after administration of the highest accumulated methacholine dose used (1.25mg). A relationship was found between decreases in FEV₁ after methacholine challenge and airborne endotoxin levels but not for dust. (61664)

CIS 94-326 National Asbestos Registers - Annual report 1992-93. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1993. 12p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

Report of the National Asbestos Registers of New Zealand, set up in 1992 to register cases of exposure to asbestos and cases of disease due to asbestos exposure in the country. Out of 390 notifications of suspected asbestos-related health conditions, 199 were confirmed as such (mesothelioma: 44; lung cancer: 25; other cancers: 4; asbestosis: 38; pleural changes with or without lung changes: 88), 13 were disproved ("no asbestos-related condition could be established") and 178 were still being investigated. Some case studies and implications for the future were discussed. (61686)

CIS 94-327 Tolley's control of chemicals in the workplace. A guide for managers. Hayes M., Iungius N., Tolley Publishing Co. Ltd., Tolley House, 2 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, Surrey CR9 5AF, United Kingdom, 1993. x, 214p. 92 ref. Index. Price: GBP 19.95., ISBN 0-85459-685-2 (In English)

This manual is aimed primarily at the non-chemist manager or safety practitioner and provides an overview of relevant legislation along with practical guidance on the control of hazardous substances suitable for particular circumstances. Contents: the law; hazard and risk; occupational exposure limits; assessment of risk; information, instruction, training and competence; monitoring of workplace atmosphere; health surveillance; prevention and control of exposure; control of supply; management and disposal of hazardous waste; emergency actions; record keeping. (61544)

CIS 94-328 IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans - Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 427p. Index. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 75.00., ISBN 92-832-1257-6 (In English)

This monograph represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, France 6-13 October 1992. IARC final classifications: the manufacture of magenta entails exposures that are carcinogenic (Group 1); occupation as a hairdresser or barber entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic (Group 2A); 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is probably carcinogenic in humans (Group 2A); para-chloroaniline, CI Acid Red 114, CI Direct Blue 15, 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6 xylidine), HC Blue No.1, CI Basic Red 9 and magenta containing CI basic red 9 are possibly carcinogenic in humans (Group 2B); 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, CI Acid Orange 3, CI Pigment Red 3, D&C Red No.9, 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene (2-nitro-para-phenylenediamine), N-N-dimethylaniline, HC Blue No.2, HC Red No.3, HC Yellow No.4 and personal use of hair colorants are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3). (61630)

CIS 94-329 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for acetaldehyde. Bijleven W.G.H., Feron V.J., de Vrijer F., Arts J.H.E., Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 48p. 83 ref., ISBN 90-399-0369-7 (In English)

Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to acetaldehyde. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observations of adverse effects in man (acute toxicity due to incidents, effects of short-term and long-term exposure, epidemiological studies); previous evaluation by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks; recommendations for research. The present MAC for aacetaldehyde is 180mg/m³ (100ppm), which is an irritation dose-level for humans. The Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards considers acetaldehyde as a genotoxic carcinogen. Linear extrapolation is applied for risk assessment (this might result in an over-estimation of the risk, since the probable enhancing role of cytotoxicity in the tumours induced by acetaldehyde is not taken into account). The additional risk for cancer derived by linear extrapolation is: 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 24mg/m³; 1 x 10^-4 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 0.6mg/m³; 1 x 10^-6 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 0.006mg/m³. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61632)

CIS 94-330 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for carbon monoxide. Wibowo A.A.E., Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 40p., ISBN 90-399-0379-4 (In English)

In the report (an update of the document published in 1979: RA 2/79) the health hazards of exposure to carbon monoxide are evaluated. Attention is given to: previous document and recommendations; present guidelines and standards; toxicodynamics, with special attention to effects reported in recent studies (effects on the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, offspring, and carcinogenicity); previous evaluation by international bodies; evaluations of human health risks. Analysis of the data available resulted in a health-based recommended exposure limit of 25ppm (29mg/m³), 8h-TWA (thereby maintaining the present occupational exposure limit). This recommendation is only applicable for work conditions of light to moderate physical exertion. An exclusive directive is given for cigarette smokers (Annex in previous report). Detailed summary in Dutch. (61633)

CIS 94-331 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for methylene chloride. Wibowo A.A.E., Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 38p. 52 ref., ISBN 90-399-0378-6 (In English)

In this report (an update of the document published in 1983: RA 1/83) the health hazards of exposure to methylene chloride (dichloromethane) are evaluated. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks. The main risks to humans seem to be: increased carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood, effects on the central nervous system, possible carcinogenicity due to long-term exposure. Analysis of the data available led to a recommended health-based occupational exposure limit of 100ppm (350mg/m³) 8h-TWA (thereby maintaining the present occupational exposure limit). This limit is designed to prevent a non-smoking worker having COHb of more than 4%. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61634)

CIS 94-332 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for arc welding fume particles not containing chromium and nickel. Wibowo A.A.E., Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 69p. 88 ref. Price: NLG 30.00., ISBN 90-339-0461-8 (In English)

Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to arc welding fume particles not containing chromium and nickel. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observations of adverse effects in humans; previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks; recommendations for research. It is found that for either MIG-MAG/MS or MMA/MS welding fume particles, three elements dominate the composition from the health assessment point of view: iron oxide, manganese dioxide and silicon oxide. The most important health effects of exposure to welding fumes can be observed in the respiratory tract and (in the case of MS welding fumes) in the reduction of the male reproductive capacity. Based on the data available a limit of 1mg/m³ total fume particles, 8h-TWA is recommended for 'inert' welding fume particles. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61635)

CIS 94-333 Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust. Wibowo A.A.E., Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 49p. 64 ref., ISBN 90-399-0517-7 (In English)

Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observation of adverse effects in man; previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk; recommendations for research. Analysis of the data available shows that the lung is the critical organ in occupational exposure to PVC dust particles. Studies of workers of PVC compounding plants suggest that average exposure to 1.6mg/m³ respirable PVC dust particles induces acute airway constriction during the shift. From this study it is concluded that the NOAEL for this effect is about 0.4mg/m³. It is emphasized that it is difficult at the present time to evaluate a health-based recommended exposure limit of PVC based on human data. Analysis of animal data and the use of a safety factor in the extrapolation from animal to human, results in a recommended exposure limit for PVC respirable dust of 0.5mg/m³, 8h-TWA. Detailed summary in Dutch. (61636)

CIS 94-334 Sensitizing substances. Oredsson B., Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, P.O. Box 1384, 171 27 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 78p. Bibl.ref. (In English, Swedish)

Criteria document for the classification of 23 sensitizing substances. Twelve reviews in English cover substances that meet the criteria of the Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate (Kemi) for allergenic substances: azodicarbonamide, colour developers CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4, cyanoacrylates (methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate), dichlofluanid, N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, d-limonene, N-methyl-4-aminophenol sulfate, PBA-1 and piperazine. None but dichlofluanid is presently classified by Sweden or the European Community (EC). Reviews in Swedish cover 11 substances classified as sensitizers in the EC: alachlor, o-aminoazotoluene, barban, butanone oxime, cyanamide, m-phenylenediamine, folpet, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, captafol, captan and nickel sulfate. Folpet and captan are also classified by Kemi. (61653)

CIS 94-335 Handbook of environmental management and technology. Holmes G., Singh B.R., Louis T., John Wiley and Sons Limited, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1993. x, 651p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 62.00., ISBN 0-471-58584-X (In English)

A thorough review of environmental issues, technical measures for pollution control and management considerations. The discussion of regulatory issues focusses on the situation in the USA. The chapters on health and safety and on accident and emergency management are of immediate interest to occupational safety and health specialists, and other chapters include relevant information on topics such as non-chemical hazards, monitoring of hazardous substances and hazard communication. (61704)

CIS 94-336 Safety in the use of asbestos. Code of practice. (Spanish: Seguridad en la utilización del amianto - Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas) International Labour Organization (ILO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. xiii, 121p. Bibl.ref. Index. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-63-0 (In Spanish)

Translation of the ILO code of practice (CIS 84-1853) drawn up following a meeting of experts (Geneva, Switzerland, 11-20 Oct. 1983). It is based on several ILO Conventions related to occupational safety and health. Aspects covered: duties of employers, workers, manufacturers and governments; exposure limits; monitoring in the workplace; general preventive methods; protection of workers; cleaning of premises; handling of asbestos; disposal of asbestos waste; information, labelling, education and training; specific industries; construction, demolition and alteration work. (61555)

CIS 94-337 Safety in the use of mineral and synthetic fibres. (Spanish: Seguridad en la utilización de fibras minerales y sintéticas) International Labour Organization (ILO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. viii, 101p. Bibl.ref. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-61-4 (In Spanish)

Translation of the Working document and report of the Meeting of Experts on Safety in the Use of Mineral and Synthetic Fibres, held in Geneva (Switzerland), 17-25 Apr. 1989 (see CIS 90-1646). The fibres discussed are divided into three main classes: 1. man-made mineral fibres (MMMF): continuous filament (glass), insulation wool (glasswool, rockwool, slag wool), refractory fibres (ceramic and others), special-purpose fibres (glass microfibres); 2. natural mineral fibres (other than asbestos): erionite, attapulgite, wollastonite, etc.; 3. synthetic organic fibres (aramid fibres, carbon and graphite fibres, polyolefin fibres, etc.). The characteristics, manufacturing methods, occupational and non-occupational exposure of each type are reviewed. Information on health effects (irritation, respiratory symptoms, fibrosis, cancer), where available, is also reviewed, based on evaluations by IPCS and/or IARC. Other topics discussed: monitoring of airborne dust in the working environment; preventive and control measures; law and practice in selected countries. In annexes: ILO resolution (1986) concerning health risks of occupational exposure to fibres; Report of the Meeting; list of participants. (61556)

CIS 94-338 Lead - A guide to assessment. Health and Safety Commission, Ceramics Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, Oct. 1992. 12p. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

This booklet explains the dangers of lead and using a series of questions and answers outlines how to make an assessment of the lead hazard in pottery workshops. Topics include: lead in glazes and colours; health hazards; employer's responsibilities; exposure evaluation; air sampling; blood tests; information of personnel. Methods to prevent or control exposure are also outlined. (61742)

CIS 94-339 Approved carriage list - Information approved for the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances for carriage by road [United Kingdom]. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. xiv, 112p. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-11-882157-1 (In English)

This revised list (see CIS 91-1317 for previous edition) is for use with the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993 (CIS 93-1424), the Road Traffic (Carriage of Dangerous Substances in Packages etc.) Regulations 1992 and the Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987 (CIS 88-652). It provides an authorized and approved list of dangerous substances to be transported by road in the United Kingdom, with information on classification, indication of risk, indication of safety precautions, substance identification number, classification for conveyance and appropriate warning sign for each. (61748)

CIS 94-340 Safety data sheets for substances and preparations dangerous for supply. Guidance on regulation 6 of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993. Approved Code of Practice [United Kingdom]. Health and Safety Commission, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 14p. Price: GBP 2.75., ISBN 0-11-885729-0 (In English)

This Code gives practical guidance to manufacturers, importers, distributors and other suppliers of substances and preparations dangerous for supply on their responsibilities to provide safety data sheets. It explains the circumstances under which such data sheets should be provided, who should receive them and the information they should contain. Obligatory headings within the data sheet are listed along with guidance on the information to be provided under each one. (61749)

CIS 94-341 Guide to occupational exposure values - 1993. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240, USA, 1993. 122p., ISBN 1-882417-04-6 (In English)

This guide (for a previous citation, see CIS 92-2007) enables comparison of the most recently published exposure limits for approx. 800 substances. Abbreviations, terms and codes are explained. The values (TWA and STEL/ceiling/peak) listed are: the 1993-1994 Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); the 1989 amended Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and the June 1993 Air Contaminants Final Rule from the US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); the 1992 Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); and the 1992 Maximum Concentration Values in the Workplace (MAKs) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area; carcinogen classification codes (IARC, MAK, NISOH, NTP, OSHA, TLV). Index by CAS number. (61795)

CIS 94-342 TOXLINE on SilverPlatter. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. 2 CD-ROM disks + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible or Apple Macintosh microcomputers). Price: USD 1,045.00 (single user), USD 1,567.00 (multi-users). (In English)

CD-ROM disks containing the full bibliographic database TOXLINE (from the US National Library of Medicine; > 500,000 records; approx. 50,000 annual additions). Also included is the database RISKLINE, from the Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, which abstracts toxicological reports evaluated by an international group of toxicologists. TOXLINE can be searched in its entirety, or on any one of its 16 subfiles. Disk 1 covers the years 1981-1987, Disk 2 the years 1988-1992. (61815)

CIS 94-343 TOXLINE Plus on SilverPlatter. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. 5 CD-ROM disks + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible microcomputers). Price: USD 3,850.00 (single user), USD 7,700.00 (multi-users). (In English)

CD-ROM (one for the current year + four archival disks) disks containing a database combining records from several information reference sources covering aspects of toxicology: the US National Library of Medicine (TOXLINE and TOXLIT); the Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate (RISKLINE, abstracting of toxicological reports evaluated by an international group of toxicologists); Chemical Abstracts Service (relevant abstracts from the CAS database dealing with the interactions of chemical substances with biological systems); BIOSIS (environmental pollution, industrial medicine, occupational health, waste disposal); International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA, covering toxicity, poisoning, adverse or environmental effects of drugs and chemicals, hazardous materials management, health and safety). The total number of records exceeds 1 million. The number of additions per year is approx. 170,000 (CAS - 70,000; BIOSIS - 37,000; IPA - 12,000; NLM - 50,000). (61816)

CIS 94-344 CHEM-BANK on SilverPlatter. SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. CD-ROM disk + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible microcomputers). Price (for single user): USD 1,595.00 (USD 1,276.00 for OSH-ROM, TOXLINE, EINECS, PEST-BANK subscribers; USD 2,145.00 for one-time purchasers). For multi-users, the corresponding prices are USD 2,392.50, 1,914.00 and 3,217.50, respectively. (In English)

CD-ROM disk with the full text of five databases concerned with toxicity and other hazard information on potentially hazardous chemicals. The databases are: the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), from NIOSH in the U.S., with 110,000 records containing information on skin and eye irritation, and mutagenic, reproductive, tumorigenic and toxic effects of the chemical included; the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), from the U.S. National Library of Medicine, with factual data on the health-related effects of 4,400 hazardous chemicals; the Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) of the U.S. Coast Guard, with hazard information on > 1,000 substances; the Oil and Hazardous material - Technical Assistance Data System (OHMTADS) from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with information on 1,400 chemicals relevant to emergency response to spills; Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), from EPA with assessment data, including oral reference doses and inhalation reference concentrations for non-carcinogens. Overall, approx. 10,000 records are added annually to this CD-ROM disk. (61817)

CIS 94-345 PEST-BANK on SilverPlatter. Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information System (CERIS), SilverPlatter International, 100 River Ridge Drive, Norwood, MA 02062-5026, USA; 10 Barley Mow Passage, Chiswick, London W4 4PH, United Kingdom. Updated quarterly. 1 CD-ROM disk + floppy disk with search software (for IBM-compatible microcomputers). (In English)

CD-ROM disk containing two databases covering all US registered pesticides used in agriculture, industry and general commerce. Database 1 (Pesticide Products Database) contains information for approx. 50,000 pesticides (1,400 active ingredients, 5,000 registering companies, 20,000 sites, 7,500 pests) currently registered in the US. Each entry provides: product and brand names; registration information (incl. states in which registered); composition and formulation (names, synonyms, CAS numbers, trade names of all active ingredients by percentage); registered sites of applications; pests for which registered; specific site/pest combinations; other information (toxicity warning etc.). Database 2 (Tolerance Database) contains all pesticides tolerances listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). It indicates maximum permissible residue levels for > 400 chemicals, by chemical and food commodity (approx. 1,400 commodities listed), with CFR references. (61818)

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CIS 94-346 U.S. firefighter injuries in 1992. Karter M.J., LeBlanc P.R., NFPA Journal, Nov.-Dec. 1993, Vol.87, No.6, p.56-67. Illus. (In English)

Summary of a survey of US fire departments conducted by the National Fire Protection Association. The 97,700 injuries sustained by firefighters in the line of duty in 1992 was a decrease of 5.4% from the previous year, and the rate of 6.7 injuries per 1,000 incidents was a decrease of 5.6%. Most injuries (53.5%) occurred at the scene of the fire; the other four duty categories were, in descending order of importance, other on-duty, non-fire emergency, training and responding to or returning from an incident. Tables and charts break down the figures by nature of injury, type of duty, cause of injury, size of community protected and region of the country. Data on vehicle accidents and on the number of fires are also given. Fourteen specific incidents are described to illustrate the different circumstances in which injury can occur. (61710)

CIS 94-347 Planning company fire safety. The Fire Protection Association, 140 Aldersgate Street, London EC1A 4HX, United Kingdom, 1993. 96p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-902167-60-X (In English)

Guide for managers. Contents: fire and the [applicable British] law; buildings and their protection against fire; means of escape; action in the event of fire; fire protection systems and equipment; special hazards in industry; warehouses and other storage buildings; construction and maintenance of buildings; arson; general fire safety precautions. (61652)

CIS 94-348 Approved Code of Practice for the prevention of sulphur fires and explosions. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Sep. 1993. 40p. 17 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03466-7 (In English)

Contents of this revised Code of Practice (see CIS 90-974): interpretation; definitions; dust explosions; hazard rating of sulfur; dust explosion prevention and protection (minimization of dust; construction of buildings; fire control; elimination of ignition sources; explosion relief venting; explosion detection and suppression; inerting); specific hazards relating to sulfur handling; liquid sulfur; fertilizers containing sulfur; personal protective equipment and training. Appendices covered: properties of sulfur; health hazards of sulfur dioxide; example of a hot work permit. (61750)

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CIS 94-349 Definition of criteria for the selection and use of personal hearing protection devices. (Italian: Determinazione dei criteri per la scelta e la utilizzazione dei mezzi personali di protezione acustica) Merluzzi F., Di Credico N., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.162-177. Illus. 32 ref. (In Italian)

The most common occupational disease in Italy is noise-induced hearing loss. Not only is this disease invalidating and irreversible, but it also involves extremely high direct and indirect costs for both the injured worker and the employer. Appropriate preventive measures are therefore essential and include personal protection devices. Recent Italian legislation (DL 277 of 15 Aug. 1991, see CIS 93-1404) assigns an important role to personal hearing protection devices, raising, in certain situations, serious problems in terms of fitness for specific jobs. On the basis of an analysis of the characteristics of the various types of hearing protection aids, including efficacy, capacity of attenuation, influence on intelligibility of speech and perception of danger signals, guidelines are supplied for their best possible use. (61568)

CIS 94-350 The effect of seat suspension on exposure to whole-body vibration of professional drivers. Burdorf A., Swuste P., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.37, No.1, p.45-55. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

Eleven types of seat frequently used in lorries, agricultural tractors and fork-lift trucks were selected. Laboratory tests showed transmissibility coefficients of 0.34-1.28. Attenuation of the vibration input spectrum was obtained in 20 out of 24 (83%) measurements. Measurements in the field showed transmissibility coefficients of 0.60-1.45. Attenuation of the vibration spectrum was obtained in 17 out of 24 (71%) vehicle-seat combinations, which indicates that in many working situations with a daily exposure of 8h or more, suspended seats will not protect professional drivers from harmful exposure to whole-body vibration. (61663)

CIS 94-351 Acoustic trauma by high-level impulse noise. Evolutive non linear occupational pathology. (French: A propos des traumatismes sonores par les bruits impulsionnels de forte intensité. Pathologie professionnelle évolutive à progression non linéaire) Forget P., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.175-181. Illus. 21 ref. (In French)

According to this technical note on acoustic trauma due to high-energy impulse noise, there is much interindividual variation in susceptibility to impulse-noise induced hearing loss. The new quantity E₀ is proposed as a measure of the daily tolerable noise dose for a given individual, and it is suggested that the number of high-energy impulse noise events per day be related on an inverse exponential scale to E₀. (61754)

CIS 94-352 Development and evaluation of an occupational health services programme on the prevention and control of effects of vibration. van Dijk F.J.H., Hulshof C.T.J., Verbeek J.H.A.M., Occupational Medicine, 1993, Vol.43, Suppl.1, p.38-42. 20 ref. (In English)

A study in occupational health services (OHS) on the prevention and control of effects of whole-body vibration is described and preliminary results are presented. The study comprises an inventory of current activities of occupational health services in vibration-related issues, the development of a specific OHS programme and the evaluation of this programme. Results of the inventory, a questionnaire survey in occupational health services (n=112, response 67%), show that the impact of OHS in the prevention and control of adverse health effects is small. The development and evaluation of a specific OHS programme may be useful in setting up a preventive approach. Some methodological problems are also discussed. (61778)

CIS 94-353 Recommended alert limits for perceptual motor loss in hot environments. Ramsey J.D., Kwon Y.G., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1992, Vol.9, No.3, p.245-257. Illus. 78 ref. (In English)

Research concerning the effects of heat on task performance has been extensive and contradictory. This paper summarizes more than 150 studies where performance has been reported as a function of temperature, exposure time and type of tasks. It suggests that prediction of performance loss first requires categorizing the type of tasks since mental or very simple tasks typically show little decrement in the heat and are frequently enhanced during brief exposures. Other perceptual motor tasks collectively depict a pattern of onset of performance decrement in the 30°C-33°C WBGT temperature range, and the decrement appears to be relatively independent of exposure time. This is the same temperature range as that associated with the onset of physiological heat stress for the worker performing sedentary or very light work. It appears that performance decrement may be better explained by body temperatures, as indicated by the head or blood temperature, than by the deep body temperature. (61617)

CIS 94-354 Occupational health effects of nonionizing radiation. Yost M.G., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.543-566. 90 ref. (In English)

The forms of non-ionizing radiation are described along with their physical characteristics, occupational sources, biological effects and exposure criteria. Discussed are: electromagnetic energy, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, microwave and radiofrequency radiation, very low frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic and electric fields. (61541)

CIS 94-355 Biological monitoring of ionizing radiations - Updating and feasibility. (Italian: La dosimetria biologica delle radiazioni ionizzanti - Aggiornamenti e fattibilità) Catena C., Righi E., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.99-107. Illus. 14 ref. (In Italian)

Biological dosimetry of ionizing radiations is a reliable diagnostic tool for use together with physical dosimetry. When the latter is not available, as in the case of over-exposure to ionizing radiations, it is the sole means of measuring the individual absorbed dose. (61562)

CIS 94-356 Cytogenetic dosimetry - Dose-effect curves and methodological comparison. (Italian: La dosimetria citogenetica - Curve dose-effetto e confronto metodologico) Catena C., Conti D., Del Nero A., Righi E., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.133-146. Illus. 39 ref. (In Italian)

In order to establish biological dosimetry as a method for the evaluation of individual absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, the dose-response relationship was investigated for two cytogenetic methods: the dicentric chromosome assay in metaphase cells and the micronuclei assay in binucleated cells. Dose ranges were 0.5-2.0Gy for the first method and 0.1-4.0Gy for the second. Second degree polynomial equations accurately described the dose-effect relationship in both assays. (Estimated doses are tabulated.) The micronuclei assay has the advantage of simplicity and rapidity, which facilitates screening and the identification of radiosensitive individuals. (61566)

CIS 94-357 The effectiveness of a shield in reducing operator exposure to radiofrequency radiation from a dielectric heater. Murray W.E., Conover D.L., Edwards R.M., Werren D.M., Cox C., Smith J.M., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1992, Vol.7, No.9, p.586-592. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

The objective of this study was to design and install a shield on a radiofrequency (RF) dielectric heater used in the water bed industry and to determine its effectiveness in reducing worker exposures. The mean-squared (ms) RF electric (E²) and magnetic (H²) field strengths, the root-mean-squared (rms) RF-induced foot current and the heater frequency were measured for each unit. A heater utilizing a common sealing process and producing high worker exposures was selected for the study. The water bed mattress was too large to be contained inside the shield. Thus, the shield required a slot to allow passage of the material between the applicator plates for sealing while minimizing the leakage of RF radiation. Average exposure reduction factors were calculated: ms E-field strength - 213 times; ms H-field strength - 10.8 times; rms foot current - 4.3 times. Thus, the shield was effective in reducing the operator's exposure to RF radiation from the heater. (61590)

CIS 94-358 International study on the risks of occupational exposure to radiation. Muirhead C.R., Radiological Protection Bulletin, Aug.-Sep. 1992, No.135, p.12-15. 3 ref. (In English)

Current estimates of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure are based on studies of populations exposed to high or moderate doses at high dose rates (Japanese atomic bomb survivors, radiation accident victims). As occupational exposures are usually to low doses at low dose rates, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has proposed a worldwide study of the mortality of workers exposed to radiation. The outlines of the proposed study (1992-1996) are described. The study, to be co-ordinated by IARC, which will include both retrospective and prospective components, will involve large numbers of workers (500,000 in the USA, 200,000 in Japan, etc.) in 12 countries in order to make it statistically powerful. (61682)

CIS 94-359 Exposure to ultraviolet radiation at the workplace, dose-effect relations and preventive measures from an ergonomic point of view. (German: UV-Expositionen am Arbeitsplatz, Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehungen und Schutzmassnahmen aus ergonomischer Sicht) Eckert J., Hesse J.M., Strasser H., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Mar. 1993, Vol.43, No.3, p.78-93. Illus. 29 ref. (In German)

Ultraviolet radiation may be a health hazard. Little attention has been given to risks associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) at work. Controlled studies with quantitative measurements, and their evaluation, have been performed in rare cases only. This review discusses the exposure limits established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Preventive measures against UV exposure are suggested. Discussion of topics for further research. (61763)

CIS 94-360 Five-year follow-up study of hearing loss at several locations within a large automobile company. Lee-Feldstein A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.41-54. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

This longitudinal epidemiologic study was designed to investigate hearing loss over a five-year period among noise-exposed employees of a large automobile company and to assess effectiveness of hearing conservation programmes at locations representing a large spectrum of operations. Methodology based on computerized audiometric test data was developed for measuring occupational hearing loss and evaluating programmes at these locations, which had maximal 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposures of 104-110dB(A). The methods take account of age and hearing level of study subjects at baseline audiogramme and clearly demonstrate the extent of hearing loss during the study period. Among five study locations, the average hearing loss at 2,000-4,000Hz in the worst-loss ear ranged from 3.4 to 6.2dB over the follow-up period after adjustment for presbycusis, the loss was less than 2dB at all but one location, which showed a loss of nearly 4dB. Hearing conservation programmes at four of the five locations were judged to be effective. (61643)

CIS 94-361 Occupational Raynaud's phenomenon in a dentist - A case study. (Italian: Fenomeno di Raynaud occupazionale in dentista - Presentazione di un caso) Tomasini M., Todaro A., Pogliaghi L., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.84, No.1, p.51-54. Illus. 6 ref. (In Italian)

After more than 39 years of practice, a dentist developed Raynaud's phenomenon of the hand exposed to vibrations generated by dental instruments. Other possible occupational, pharmacological and systemic disease factors that could cause Raynaud's phenomenon were excluded. Since it has been reported in the literature that the exposure of dentists and dental technicians to vibrations might exceed the permissible limits, the occupational aetiology of this case is a reasonable supposition. (61784)

CIS 94-362 Pregnancy and work in diagnostic imaging. The Royal College of Radiologists, The British Institute of Radiology, 36 Portland Place, London W1N 4AT, United Kingdom, 1992. 8p. 26 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-905749-30-8 (In English)

This report of a joint working party of the Royal College of Radiologists and the British Institute of Radiology presents the findings of a literature review and surveys of natural and occupational exposures and working practices. Evidence from routine monitoring of all categories of staff working with radiodiagnostic procedures indicates that the majority of doses are being kept as low as reasonably achievable and that over 99% of staff do not exceed the present public dose limits. There is no evidence to show that there is any significant risk to the foetus for staff working in radiodiagnostic departments. Strict adherence to proper working practices is recommended. (61549)

CIS 94-363 Analysis and improvement of the ergonomics and safety of ultrasonic inspections in nuclear power plants. Saarilhati J., Mattila M., Laine A., In: Nielsen R. and Jorgensen K. (eds.), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety V., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 OPR, Hants, United Kingdom, 1993, p.621-626. 5 ref. (In English)

A study was made of radiation exposure and the work posture of inspectors carrying out ultrasonic tests of pipeline weldings during shutdown of two nuclear power plants in Finland. Results showed that inspectors were exposed to higher radiation doses than other workers in nuclear plants; automated testing resulted in higher radiation doses than manual testing because of the time required to install and adjust the equipment. Poor working postures were common during both manual and automated inspections. (61703)

CIS 94-364 Radiation protection of workers (ionizing radiations). Code of practice. (Spanish: Protección de los trabajadores contra las radiaciones - Radiaciones ionizantes: Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas de la OIT) International Labour Organization (ILO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. x, 78p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-64-9 (In Spanish)

The protection of workers against exposure to ionizing radiations in the workplace has assumed increasing importance in view of the growing number of work situations in which such radiations are found. This is the translation of an ILO code of practice (original CIS 90-1709) which is intended as a practical guide whose provisions may be adapted to local conditions. It will be of interest to public authorities and services, employers and workers, specialized radiation protection bodies, enterprises and safety and health committees, and to all those concerned with drawing up instructions on the subject. The following topics are covered: duties and responsibilities; notification, registration and licensing; classification of workers, work areas and working conditions; limitation of radiation exposure (in normal and abnormal conditions); and the radiation protection programme. A glossary of terms is included for reference. (61553)

CIS 94-365 At-a-Glance Series. National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB), Publication Office, NRPB, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, 1992. 9 broadsheets (posters). Illus. Price: GBP 0.15 per broadsheet. (In English)

A series of nine broadsheets (illustrated posters), providing easily understandable information on radiation protection. The broadsheets are: (1) Radiation doses - Maps and magnitudes; (2) Radon; (3) Radiation protection; (4) Transport of radioactive materials; (5) Non-ionizing radiations; (6) Nuclear emergencies; (7) Medical radiation; (8) Partners in protection (the role of industry, various levels of government, professional bodies and interest groups in radiation protection); (9) The NRPB at a glance. Three slide sets on the same topic are also available (see CIS 94-366). (61681)

CIS 94-366 Radiation protection slide sets. National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB), Finance and Accounts Office, NRPB, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon. OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 3 slide sets (each of 20 slides with captions). Price (per set): GBP 25.00 + VAT (UK); GBP 25.00 (Europe); GBP 35.00 (elsewhere). (In English)

Three slide sets, based on the NRPB At-a-Glance series of broadsheets (see CIS 94-365), aimed at providing easily understandable information on radiation protection. The sets are: (1) Radiation doses - Maps and magnitudes; (2) Radon (characteristics of the gas, how it accumulates in buildings, nature and level of the risk, prevention); (3) Medical radiation (production and use of X-rays in diagnosis, protection of staff and patients, use of radioactive substances in diagnosis and therapy, use of magnetic resonance imaging). A copy of the relevant broadsheet is included with each slide set. (61683)

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CIS 94-367 Maximum weights in load lifting and carrying. (Spanish: Peso máximo en el levantamiento y el transporte de cargas) International Labour Organization (ILO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. v, 42p. Illus. Index. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-66-5 (In Spanish)

This is the translation of a compilation (see CIS 88-995) that summarized legislation and practice in ILO member States. Covered are: general provisions; weight limitations (adult male and female workers, young working persons, and children); countries having no limiting provisions; practices in load lifting and carrying at the workplace; references and sources. (61554)

CIS 94-368 A guide to manual materials handling. Mital A., Nicholson A.S., Ayoub M.M., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1993. viii, 114p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 11.00., ISBN 0-85066-801-8 (In English)

This guide is in two parts. Part 1 provides an outline of the world-wide scope of manual materials handling (MMH), including statistics and legislation of various countries, along with a discussion of the factors to be considered in designing MMH tasks and a review of the various design approaches to solving MMH problems. Part 2 provides specific design data for six distinct MMH areas (lifting, pushing, pulling, carrying, holding, materials handling in unusual postures) and a description of various mechanical devices available to aid MMH activities. (61640)

CIS 94-369 Risk identification in FMS implementations. Vannas V., Perälä M., Mattila M., In: Nielsen R. and Jorgensen K. (eds.), Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety V., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 OPR, Hants, United Kingdom, 1993, p.577-582. 8 ref. (In English)

Safety analysis methods were used to identify potential risks in 22 Finnish companies using Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). In addition, accidents and incidents were analyzed using an accident analysis model. Results show that although FMSs are recognized by workshops as being one of their safest functions, the safety design of such systems could be improved. The most critical factors contributing to accidents were identified as organizational factors, followed by the work environment, machines and human factors. (61701)

CIS 94-370 Handling reels of paper and board in paper and board mills. Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 6p. 7 ref. (In English)

This leaflet briefly describes the hazards associated with the handling and storage of reels of paper and board and provides practical guidance on safe working methods. Contents: use of mechanical handling equipment and loading vehicles; storage and stacking; manual handling. (61751)

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CIS 94-371 Waste water purification by biological treatment: Notification of a high-fever syndrome among workers. (French: Stations biologiques de traitements des eaux usées: enregistrement de syndromes fébriles) Guenzi C., Simon F., Abadia G., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.53, p.31-32. 2 ref. (In French)

A study by 43 French occupational physicians of waste water purification plants (see CIS 92-1370) covers the years 1990-1993. During the collection of data, a high-fever epidemic (headaches, shivers, muscle aches) broke out among workers of such a plant treating waste water from a chemical factory by biological means. Blood tests indicated an infectious origin of this epidemic, even though no viral or bacterial pathogen could be identified. (61679)

CIS 94-372 Recommendations for the prevention of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis. (French: Recommandations pour la prévention de la transmission de la tuberculose dans les lieux de soins) Bouvet E., Desenclos J.C., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.53, p.51-53. 7 ref. (In French)

This progress report on the work undertaken by a working group on tuberculosis set up in France in April 1991 outlines recommendations for the control of the risk of tuberculosis transmission in the health-care sector, in particular in hospitals. The data collected and the recommendations apply both to patients and health-care personnel, thus providing an insight into the prevention of this disease in health-care settings in general. (61747)

CIS 94-373 Risk of infection associated with the management and handling of experimental animals in animal facilities. (French: Risques infectieux liés à la maintenance et à la manipulation des animaux de laboratoire pour le personnel travaillant dans les animaleries) Blanchin N., Abadia G., Leprince A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.53, p.3-23. 61 ref. (In French)

Contents of this information sheet on the risk of infection associated with the handling of laboratory animals: 1. main infectious agents of animal origin which are pathogenetic in men (table on the use of vertebrate animals in 1990); 2. real risks in relation to the animals handled and their sources (table of bacterial, viral, parasitic, ectoparasitic and fungal diseases, with information on: name of the aetiological agent, degree of pathogenicity in man, animal vectors, mode of contamination diagnosis and treatment); 3. guidelines for the prevention of infectious risks in laboratory animal facilities (vaccinations, safety precautions in case of a bite or any other contaminating incident, training and information of employees). (61745)

CIS 94-374 The Class II bio-safety cabinet series. CSIRO Australia, H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1992. 4 videotapes (11+17+10+14 min.). Price: GBP 160.00 + VAT + postage. (In English)

Four-part series designed to help in the training of staff responsible for the use, maintenance and management of biological safety cabinets. Video 1 (Introduction to bio-safety cabinets) outlines the function and design of the main types of containment devices used in microbiology for product and operator protection. Video 2 (Using the Class II bio-safety cabinet) demonstrates safe and correct procedures in working these cabinets, including preparation and safe working, shut-down and clean-up procedures. Video 3 is on decontamination and Video 4 on the testing of cabinets. (61791)

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CIS 94-375 An investigation into the acute vascular effects of riveting. McKenna K.M., McGrann S., Blann A.D., Allen J.A., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.160-166. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

Measurements were made on 46 riveters and matched controls before and after a morning's work. After cooling the middle phalanx to 10°C for five minutes, 16 riveters but only one control subject exhibited digital vasospasm and these numbers were unaltered after a morning's work. A subgroup of riveters whose role was always to provide counter pressure to the rivet gun showed a higher incidence (45%) of cold induced vasospasm than did riveters who invariably held the gun (10%) or rotated between both roles (27%). Plasma levels of three markers of vascular activity were measured in non-smoking riveters and controls. Before work, ET-1 concentrations were slightly lower (p<0.05) in the riveters, but vWFAg concentration and ACE activity were similar in riveters and control subjects. Riveting for a morning did not alter ET-1 concentration or ACE activity but did induce a small increase (p<0.05) in vWFAg concentration, which may indicate damage to the endothelium. This type of vascular assessment may be helpful in assessing vasospastic complications in workers exposed to vibration. (61730)

CIS 94-376 Asthenopic complaints associated with fluorescent lamp illumination (FLI): The role of individual disposition. Lindner H., Kropf S., International Journal of Lighting Research and Technology, 1993, Vol.25, No.2, p.59-69. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

"Asthenopia" is diminished visual acuity associated with eyestrain, pain in the eyes and headache. During routine mass eye examinations in a number of enterprises, 3,030 normal subjects and 200 subjects with FLI complaints were identified. Psychological questionnaire were administered to 150 asthenopic subjects and 60 normal subjects, and electroencephalogrammes with photostimulation were recorded for 31 from each group. Asthenopic individuals tended to be female, 20-30 years of age, with poorer vision, higher light sensitivity and higher flicker sensitivity than those without FLI complaints, and had a characteristic personality profile. (61788)

CIS 94-377 Melatonin, cortisol, EEG, ECG and subjective comfort in healthy humans: Impact of two fluorescent lamp types at two light intensities. Küller R., Wetterberg L., International Journal of Lighting Research and Technology, 1993, Vol.25, No.2, p.71-81. Illus. 53 ref. (In English)

An office environment was reconstituted in a lighting laboratory. Volunteers spent a working day (9am-4pm) in the space under one of two illumination levels, reading, working at set tasks or undergoing tests. Pre- and post-"shift" urine samples were collected for cortisol and melatonin determination. High illumination (1700 lux) increased visual discomfort and reduced the subjects' opinion of the environment in comparison with the low level (450 lux), and electroencephalographic changes were observed. The effects were more marked with "daylight" tubes than with "warm white" ones. No effect on hormone excretion was observed. (61789)

CIS 94-378 Frequency of spinal disorders in operating theatre staff in Mestre (Italy). (Italian: Prevalenza di spondilopatie tra i lavoratori delle sale operatorie dell'ospedale di Mestre) Marchì T., Lorusso A., Boetner E., Magarotto G., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.108-114. 25 ref. (In Italian)

Spinal function was assessed in 107 operating theatre nursing staff (49 men, 58 women) whose work involves a fixed standing posture characterized by isometric load on the extensor lumbar muscles. The frequency of spinal disorders was significantly higher as regards dorsal (OR=5.68) and lumbar (OR=3.18) disorders in female workers than in controls. (61563)

CIS 94-379 Ulnar nerve neuropathy of the elbow in female column sewing machine operators in the shoe manufacturing industry - Case report and follow-up. (Italian: Neuropatia del nervo ulnare a livello del gomito in addette all'uso di macchine per cucire a colonna - Casistica e follow-up) Agnesi R., Dal Vecchio L., Todros A., Sparta S., Valentini F., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.84, No.2, p.147-161. Illus. 10 ref. (In Italian)

Case study of 15 young sewing machine operators who developed ulnar nerve neuropathy. The condition was attributed to trauma due to incorrect work posture (resting of the elbows on the work table). Timely treatment, regular medical check-ups and the adoption of correct work posture are recommended as remedial measures. (61567)

CIS 94-380 Four methods for identification of most back-stressing tasks performed by nursing assistants in nursing homes. Owen B.D., Garg A., Jensen R.C., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1992, Vol.9, No.3, p.213-220. 13 ref. (In English)

Ergonomists are often asked to evaluate selected jobs because of excessive back-injury rates. One key step in the evaluation process is identification of specific tasks that impose the largest stresses on the backs of workers who perform the job. Four techniques for identifying the most back-stressing tasks were used in an ergonomic study of nursing assistants working in a nursing home. Two techniques were based on worker perceptions and two were based on a static biomechanical model. The rank order of tasks was similar for each technique. It was concluded that when the purpose is to identify which of several tasks should be evaluated in greater detail, the best identification technique is the use of a rating scale. (61616)

CIS 94-381 Influence of lumbar and hip mobility on the bending stresses acting on the lumbar spine. Dolan P., Adams M.A., Clinical Biomechanics, July 1993, Vol.8, No.4, p.185-192. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

Seven bending and lifting exercises were performed by 49 subjects under laboratory conditions. Most subjects were employed in office or light manual work. Curvature of the lumbar spine was determined with an electronic device that measured the angle between the skin surfaces at the top and the bottom of the lumbar region. This method gives more reproducible results than techniques used in earlier studies. All subjects flattened or reversed the curvature of their lower backs when lifting. Maximum bending stresses (about 30Nm) were about 50% of the level that causes injury in a single lift. Poor mobility of the hips and lumbar spine was associated with higher bending stress in a given task, and with a history of low back pain, which gives quantitative support to the idea that "stiff" people have an elevated risk of back injury. (61649)

CIS 94-382 Relationships between preferred and maximum effort low-back motion. McIntyre D.R., Glover L.H., Reynolds D.C., Clinical Biomechanics, July 1993, Vol.8, No.4, p.203-209. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

Sixteen subjects performed tests of flexibility, isometric exertion, maximum effort in repetitive trunk motion and preferred effort in repetitive trunk motion. Movement of the lower back was different under preferred-effort and maximum-effort conditions, but the performance of the subjects was consistent in each of the two cases. The first observation means that a full assessment of the functional status of a person's lower back should involve measurement of movement under both conditions; the second means that maximum capacity can be predicted from preferred-effort results when an individual should not be called upon to exert maximum effort. (61650)

CIS 94-383 Shiftwork in Singapore. Chan O.Y., Gan S.L., Singapore Medical Journal, 1993, Vol.34, p.33-37. 14 ref. (In English)

A questionnaire survey of 4,996 active firms in Singapore in 1991 indicated that 34.4% of the establishments had shiftworkers; 206,965 employees (32%) were working shifts, compared with 94,000 (14%) in a similar survey in 1985. While the 8-hour shift schedule was still the predominant pattern, there was a ten-fold increase in the number of 12-hour shiftworkers and a trend towards permanent shift schedules. Current studies indicate no serious long-term health effects among shiftworkers, although common complaints include sleep problems and tiredness, particularly among rotating shiftworkers. (61706)

CIS 94-384 Sleep deprivation and house staff performance - Update 1984-1991. Leung L., Becker C.E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1153-1163. 22 + 56 ref. (In English)

All English-language studies since 1984 of sleep deprivation and house staff performance are reviewed. Manual and computer surveys identified 14 such studies. The goal of the review is to examine whether the current literature supports the hypothesis that sleep deprivation significantly impairs house staff performance. It is found that the current data remain inconclusive. The causes for this uncertainty include different methodologies in assessing performance, the arbitrary definitions of sleep-deprived and rested states, and lack of separation of the effects of acute and chronic sleep deprivation. The review notes striking difference in reported effects of sleep deprivation depending on medical specialty. Surgical studies most frequently show little effect of sleep deprivation. All studies since 1990 support the hypothesis that sleep deprivation significantly impairs performance. Most studies support the impairment of physician mood with increasing sleep deprivation. An editorial House staff = Shift workers by Scott A.J. compares the problems of house staff with those of shift workers in general. (61572)

CIS 94-385 Multidisciplinary rehabilitation of chronic work-related upper extremity disorders - Long-term effects. Feuerstein M., Callan-Harris S., Hickey P., Dyer D., Armbruster W., Carosella A.M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.396-403. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

The study investigates the long-term vocational outcome of a multicomponent rehabilitation programme for upper extremity disorders that includes physical conditioning, work conditioning, pain and stress management, ergonomic consultation, and vocational counselling/placement. Two equivalent groups were exposed to either the comprehensive work rehabilitation intervention or usual care. Return-to-work status was determined at an average of 17 months post-treatment for the treatment group and an average of 18 months post-evaluation for the usual care group. Findings indicated that 74% of the treatment group returned to work or were involved in vocational training in contrast to 40% of the control group (P<0.05). For those who returned to work, 91% of the treatment group were working full-time in contrast to 50% of the control group (P<0.05). Suggestions for modifying treatment components are made with a view to increasing further the return-to-work rate. (61595)

CIS 94-386 Biochemical indicators of hazardous shoulder-neck loads in light industry. Mathiassen S.E., Winkel J., Sahlin K., Melin E., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.404-407. 20 ref. (In English)

Prolonged, repetitive handling of light material is known to increase the risk of shoulder-neck disorders. Biological risk indicators related to musculoskeletal exposure, applicable by the general practitioner in the workplace, could provide an instrument for early intervention and rehabilitation. Eight women were studied, all of whom were full-time workers performing assembly tasks associated with a high prevalence of shoulder-neck complaints. All subjects were more tender in the shoulder region than young women in low-risk occupations. Heart-rate recordings indicated a low general metabolical load during work. Concentrations in antecubital venous blood of several markers for metabolical stress and cellular damage were normal for all subjects, and showed no increase during three consecutive working days. Thus, the blood markers did not reflect hazardous shoulder-neck exposure. (61596)

CIS 94-387 Analysis of problematic working postures and manual lifting in building tasks. Mattila M., Kivi P., In: Quéinnec Y. and Daniellou F. (eds.), Designing for everyone, Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 OPR, Hants, United Kingdom, 1991, p.281-283. 5 ref. (In English)

On the basis of earlier studies using Job Load and Hazard Analysis at three large construction sites, twelve jobs involving physical workload and having a probable or definite effects on health were subjected to a more detailed method of posture analysis (OWAS). All work situations studied by biomechanical analysis involved the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to a certain percentage of the work population. The multilevel analysis used in this study was useful in identifying the essential problems and in determining appropriate solutions. (61709)

CIS 94-388 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs). Part 1: General introduction. (French: Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux à écrans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie 1: Introduction générale) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. iv, 6p. 2 ref. (In English, French)

This part of international standard ISO 9241 provides general ergonomic requirements for the use of VDTs for office tasks. It introduces ISO 9241 as a whole, describes the basis of the user performance approach, gives an overview of the first six part of ISO 9241 and provides guidance on how to use the standard. An annex lists the planned further parts of ISO 9241 and summarizes their contents. (61736)

CIS 94-389 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs). Part 2: Guidance on task requirements. (French: Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux à écrans de visualisation (TEV). Partie 2: Guide général concernant les exigences des tâches) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. iv, 3p. (In English, French)

This part of international standard ISO 9241 provides guidelines to users of VDT-based information processing systems with reference to office tasks. The application of ergonomics principles in the design of tasks involving VDT-based information processing systems are described along with characteristics of well-designed tasks, specification of design requirements, implementation planning, and evaluation and maintenance of the system. (61737)

CIS 94-390 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs). Part 3: Visual display requirements. (French: Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux à écrans de visualisation (TEV). Partie 3: Exigences relatives aux écrans de visualisation) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. vii, 28p. Illus. 22 ref. (In English, French)

This part of international standard ISO 9241 applies to the ergonomic design of electronic displays for office tasks. It establishes image quality requirements for the design and evaluation of single- and multi-colour VDTs. Design requirements and recommendations are stated as performance specifications and cover viewing distance, angle of view, character size and format, luminance, glare, image stability, etc. Measurement conditions and conventions are presented for the evaluation of displays. A comparative user performance test method is presented as an informative annex. (61738)

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CIS 94-391 Training and proficiency in the medical review of job applicant drug screens. Upfal M.J., Markell B., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.34, No.12, p.1189-1196. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

A survey was conducted to examine the proficiency of urine drug screen medical review officers (MROs) and the effect of training upon their performance. 139 attendees of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine basic MRO training course, and 82 attendees of the advanced course completed both pre-course and post-course surveys. The questionnaires included 10 vignettes with positive analytical results, of which only half should be reported as positive to management. The mean number of correct responses among the 10 cases presented were: basic pre-test - 4.91; basic post-test - 7.45; advanced pre-test - 6.68; advanced post-test - 7.33. Differences between all four groups were significant (P<0.001 to P=0.003), except for the basic post-test versus the advanced post-test, for which there was no significant difference. It is concluded that: (1) inadequate knowledge and skill in the medical review of drug screens may contribute to errors in reports to management; (2) physicians' performance can be improved with training; (3) certification of MROs in both the private and public sectors should be considered. (61576)

CIS 94-392 Held up by a handicap?. Ide C.W., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1993, Vol.11, No.7, p.13-16. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

Survey of the safety aspects of employing handicapped workers. It is pointed out that prejudice and fear may cause managers to overstate the possible safety problems resulting from the hiring of people with disabilities. The particular problems of the following disabilities are reviewed: disorders of mobility; visual handicaps; hearing handicaps; epilepsy; diabetes. (61560)

CIS 94-393 Exercise, stress and health. Kerr J.H., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.7, No.2, p.105-107. 1 ref. (In English)

The author of this editorial presents his view regarding employee exercise programmes. In recent years an apparently growing number of both public and private organizations in North America and somewhat later in Europe have implemented these programmes. Such employee health and fitness programmes improve worker morale, decrease absenteeism and increase productivity. However, even though improvements in physical fitness indices have been found among regular participants, few organizations have made an attempt to objectively evaluate tangible benefits of health and fitness programmes by using well-established scientific research methods. Different aspects of the implementation of these programmes are discussed. (61666)

CIS 94-394 Coping with work stress: Psychological benefits of exercise. Long B.C., Flood K.R., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.7, No.2, p.109-119. 68 ref. (In English)

Although the health-enhancing effects of physical exercise have been well documented, less is known about how exercise benefits stressed employees psychologically. This article examines exercise as a coping response, and identifies changes in self-schemata (a person's underlying belief systems about him- or herself) as the means by which exercise affects coping resources. In addition, by drawing on schema theory and the exercise literature, the active components of an exercise programme and the individuals who might enhance their ability to cope with stress through such a programme are identified. (61667)

CIS 94-395 Stress, physical activity and coronary heart disease. Van Doornen L.J.P., De Geus E.J.C., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.7, No.2, p.121-139. 95 ref. (In English)

Recent years have witnessed an increasing popularity of corporate fitness programmes. Regular physical activity and, in particular, high aerobic fitness are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Apart from its beneficial effects on resting levels of blood pressure and cholesterol, fitness is believed to reduce the impact of psychological stress. This hypothesis has been put to the test in 33 studies examining the physiological stress response of groups selected to differ in their fitness level. Although some evidence was found for a reduced response to stress in highly fit subjects, the effects were not very strong. During 54 confrontations with a stressful task, significantly lower heart rate reactions in highly fit subjects were seen in only nine tasks (17%). With nine out of 36 stressors (28%), fit subjects showed a lower diastolic blood pressure response. However, in combination with a frequently found reduction in basal levels, the high fit showed a consistently favourable cardiovascular profile under stress. (61668)

CIS 94-396 The effects of fitness training on the physiological stress response. De Geus E.J.C., Van Doornen L.J.P., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.7, No.2, p.141-159. 66 ref. (In English)

Review of several well-controlled laboratory studies that have directly examined the effect of fitness training programmes on the physiological responses to a set of standardized stressors. It was generally expected that fitness training would enhance psychological stress resistance and thus mitigate the physiological response to stress. The results of most studies belie these expectations. Intensive training programmes of up to eight months do not change stress reactivity, even if the subjects participating in the study were in bad physical condition initially with high stress reactivity. The failure to find a training effect on the intensity of the stress reactions in laboratory studies does not rule out possible psychosocial effects of regular exercise on the frequency and duration of the stress reactions in real-life situations. Furthermore, although the dynamics of the physiological response to stress are not changed, there is a clear downward shift in the overall level of heart rate and blood pressure in stressful situations. Several possible mechanisms are suggested by which these training effects may help to deal with work stress without causing health problems. (61669)

CIS 94-397 Employee fitness programmes, absenteeism and general well-being. Kerr J.H., Vos M.C.H., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1993, Vol.7, No.2, p.179-190. 36 ref. (In English)

Increasingly, European organizations are developing employee fitness programmes (EFPs) on the assumption that doing so will improve the health, well-being and work performance of employees. Although rigorous evaluation is not common practice among these organizations, this study represents an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of an EFP at the headquarters of the ING bank in Amsterdam. The study focused on possible changes in absenteeism, general well-being, self-confidence and perceived physical condition among EFP participants and on-participants over a 12-month period. Data were collected from 152 white-collar employees subdivided into four groups on the basis of participation or non-participation in the bank's EFP. The results indicated that taking part in an EFP could lead to a significant decrease in absenteeism amongst both regular and irregular participants. With respect to employee general well-being, scores on the factor 'work out' did not differ significantly among the four groups. No significant differences in self-confidence between the groups were obtained, but significant differences in perceived physical fitness were apparent. (61670)

CIS 94-398 Comparison of physical health benefits utilization - Mental and physical health claimants, 1989 and 1990. Harlow K., Johnson R., Callen P., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1993, Vol.35, No.3, p.275-281. 37 ref. (In English)

Research has indicated an association between mental health problems and physical illness, including higher physical health benefit utilization among persons with a mental health diagnosis. It was hypothesized that mental health claimants will have higher covered health benefits and be more likely to make physical health claims than physical health claimants. The data for the study included all health benefits claims for 1989 and 1990. Mental health claimants had higher total covered benefits and higher covered benefits in a number of diagnostic categories. In addition, the findings revealed a greater likelihood of making any health claim as well as a claim for several diagnostic categories among persons with a mental health diagnosis. The study indicates the need for co-ordination between mental health and physical health benefit cost management. (61582)

CIS 94-399 Psychosocial factors at work - Recognition and control. (Spanish: Factores psicosociales en el trabajo - Naturaleza, incidencia y prevención) World Health Organization (WHO), Ediciones Alfaomega, Apartado Postal 7-1032, 06700 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. x, 87p. 25 ref. For distribution in certain Latin-American countries only., ISBN 968-6223-65-7 (In Spanish)

Translation of the report (see CIS 86-1471 for the original) of the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health (9th Session, Geneva, 18-24 Sep. 1984). Contents: definition of the concept of psychosocial factors at work (physical work environment, factors intrinsic to the job, organization of working time, management and operating practices, technological change); consequences of psychosocial factors (physiological, psychological, behavioural); assessment of the factors and their effects; synopsis of the factors; action recommended at the enterprise, national and international levels. (61552)

CIS 94-400 Drug abuse at work - A guide for employers. HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, Nov. 1992. 17p. 6 ref. (In English)

This booklet provides information to employers on the risks of drug abuse along with guidance on the establishment of policies to minimize drug abuse and encourage employees with drug problems to come forward for treatment. Contents: the effects of drugs; signs of drug abuse; the need for action; essentials of a policy on drug abuse at work; implementing the policy; screening for drugs. Appendices include a list of commonly used drugs and their harmful effects and an outline of the principal legislation controlling drug use. (61743)

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