CIS 93-1401 Order No.35 of 1982 on the classification of institutions, on occupational safety and health services and on training [Egypt]. (Arabic: Qarār raqm 35 li-sena 1982 bi-tahdīd al-munša'āt wa ajhiza al-salāma wa al-sihha al-mihniya wa jihāt al-tadrīb) Ministry of State for Labour and Training, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Directorate General for Training, P.O. Box 2208, El-Horreya, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt, no date. 6p. (In Arabic)

This ordinance (effective from the day after publication) applies to industrial and non-industrial enterprises with 50 or more workers. All covered enterprises shall organise occupational health services and safety-and-health committees; enterprises with more than 500 workers shall have more and more highly qualified specialists in their services than smaller enterprises. The safety and health committees shall have the compositions prescribed in this text (representation of workers, management and technical specialists), and the persons responsible for safety and health shall have the prescribed qualifications. A French translation from the ILO's Labour Law Information Branch is available on microfiche from the CIS. (60773)

CIS 93-1402 Ordinance No.417 of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy of 1 December 1989 respecting maximum allowable concentrations and levels of harmful factors in the working environment [Poland]. (Polish: Rozporządzenie 417 Ministra Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej z dnia 1 grudnia 1989 r. w sprawie najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń i natężeń czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy) Dziennik Ustaw, 20 Dec. 1989, No.69, p.1019-1029. (In Polish)

The schedules annexed to this directive (effective from date of publication) set exposure limits for 221 chemical products, six categories of organic and inorganic dust, noise, vibration and microclimatic factors. For the chemicals, 8-h, 30-min and ceiling exposure limits are set. The levels for physical factors refer to an 8-h shift. The ordinance replaces those of 22 December 1982 and 27 November 1985 (see CIS 87-374). (60816)

CIS 93-1403 Ordinance No.495 of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy of 21 October 1991 modifying the Ordinance respecting maximum allowable concentrations and levels of harmful factors in the working environment [Poland]. (Polish: Rozporządzenie 495 Ministra Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej z dnia 21 października 1991 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń i natężeń czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy) Dziennik Ustaw, 1991, No.114, p.1558-1563. (In Polish)

This directive (effective from date of publication) modifies the exposure limits for five of the chemical products listed in Ordinance 417 of 1 Dec. 1989 (see CIS 93-1402) and adds 28 more. Provisions for two categories of inorganic dust are modified and six more are added. The paragraphs on noise and microclimate are modified. New paragraphs and tables of exposure limits are added for infrared, ultraviolet and laser radiation. The National Health Inspectorate is empowered to make or delegate measurements and to define test methods in the absence of Polish standards. (60817)

CIS 93-1404 Legislative decree No.277 of 15.8.1991 - Implementation of Directives 80/1107/EEC, 82/605/EEC, 83/477/EEC, 86/188/EEC and 88/642/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work, according to Art.7 of Law 212 of 30.7.1990 [Italy]. (Italian: D.L. 15.8.1991: Attuazione delle direttive ... della CEE, in materia di protezione dei lavoratori contro i rischi derivanti da esposizione ad agenti chimici, fisici e biologici durante il lavoro, a norma dell'art.7 della legge 30.7.1990, n.212) Gazzetta ufficiale, 27 July 1991, No.200, Supplement, 24p. (In Italian)

This decree implements into Italian legislation, as directed by Law No.212 of 1990 (see CIS 91-701), the provisions of certain EEC directives (see CIS 81-1610, 83-1783, 84-327, 87-45 and 90-1430) dealing with the protection of workers against various hazards. Contents: general provisions; definitions; protective measures; obligations of employers, management, supervisors, workers and occupational physicians; removal of workers from exposure; particular protective measures (hazard evaluation, information of workers, medical surveillance, technical prevention, etc.) relating to metallic lead (Pb) and its ionic compounds (8h TWA TLV = 150µg/m³ air), asbestos (8h TWA TLV = 1f/cm³ for chrysotile, 0.2f/cm³ for other types), noise (requirement to wear hearing protection when exposure >90dB(A), hearing examination obligatory when exposure > 85dB(A)); penalties. In annex: list of jobs where Pb exposure is common; indicators for clinical control of Pb exposed workers; analytical methods for evaluation of Pb exposure and for measuring Pb and asbestos concentration in air; criteria for noise measurement and for evaluating hearing damage; methods for evaluating exposure to chemicals. (60822)

CIS 93-1405 Decree No.322 of 24 June 1991 - Regulation of the services of the Higher Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Italy]. (Italian: Decreto 24.6.1991, n.322 - Regolamento dei servizi dell'Istituto superiore per la prevenzione e la sicurezza del lavoro) Ministero della Sanità, Gazzetta ufficiale, 16 Oct. 1991, No.243, p.14-25. (In Italian)

This decree establishes the scope of activities of the Institute set up by the 1980 Law (see CIS 81-1186). In particular, it defines the responsibilities of the Institute's central departments: occupational hygiene; occupational medicine; safety technology; productive installations and environmental impact; homologation; documentation and information. (60823)

CIS 93-1406 Ministerial Decree of 12 Sep. 1958 - Establishment of accident registers [Italy]. (Italian: D.M. 12.9.1958 - Istituzione del registro degli infortuni) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.465-473. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 9 Oct. 1958, No.244. (In Italian)

This Decree specifies the format and contents of accident registers that enterprises must keep on their premises. Also included: Ministerial Decree of 10.8.1984 permitting the use of individual accident-reporting cards instead of a register. The format and contents of such cards are specified. (60890)

CIS 93-1407 Health and safety - Conditions of work - Acts and regulations - [France]. (French: Hygiène et sécurité - Conditions de travail, lois et textes réglementaires [France]) Pluyette J., Lavoisier, 14 rue de Provigny, 94236 Cachan Cedex, France, 21st edition, 1993. Updated by J.P. Peyrical. 2,389p. Price: FF 800.00., ISBN 2-907270-27-3 (In French)

This compendium contains all French laws and regulations pertaining to health and safety as well as to working conditions issued by the Ministries involved, i.e., Ministry of Labour and Employment, of Health, Social Affairs, Transportation and the Environment. It gives the texts applicable as of the 1st of January 1993, thus notifying the implementation of European Directives in French legislation. Annexes: chronological, analytical and alphabetical indexes. (60721)

CIS 93-1408 Occupational hygiene and prevention of occupational diseases - General and particular occupational hygiene requirements; Ministerial directives; Interpretive decisions of the Supreme Court [Italy]. (Italian: Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali - Requisiti generali e speciali d'igiene del lavoro; Direttive ministeriali; Giurisprudenza interpretativa di Cassazione) Zucchetti R., Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987. xxvi, 619p. Illus. Indexes. Price: ITL 60,000., ISBN 88-19-48201-0 (In Italian)

This manual contains the commented texts of Italian laws and regulations relating to occupational hygiene and of related decisions by the Supreme Court. Included are: Presidential Decree No.303 containing general standards for occupational hygiene (see CIS 91-352); 7 laws; 6 ministerial decrees; 12 presidential decrees; 2 royal decrees; relevant extracts from the Italian Constitution, Civil and Penal Codes and the Statute of Workers' Rights. In annex: list of OSH-related ILO Conventions and Recommendations; full texts of ILO Conventions No.120 and 127. (60881)

CIS 93-1409 Ministerial Decree of 28 July 1958 concerning first-aid kits and plant medicine cabinets [Italy]. (Italian: Presidî chirurgici e farmaceutici aziendali) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.189-198. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 6 Aug. 1958, No.189. (In Italian)

This Decree specifies the minimum contents of medicine and first-aid kits and of medicine cabinets at workplaces. In annex: instructions for the use of materials held in medicine and first-aid kits. Further details are given in the attached Circulars of the Ministry of Labour (No.533 of 31.7.1958 indicating quantities and kinds of materials kept in these kits; No.539 of 12.3.1959 concerning the contents of medicine kits for underground work sites). (60882)

CIS 93-1410 Decree No.92-1348 of 23 Dec. 1992. Schedules of prescribed occupational diseases. Modifications and additions [France]. (French: Décret n°92-1348 du 23 déc. 1992. Tableaux de maladies professionnelles - Modifications et adjonctions [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1917-150-93, p.139-142. Also in: Journal officiel, 24 Dec. 1992. (In French)

Decree No. 92-1348 makes mainly the following changes in the French schedules of prescribed occupational diseases: Creation of new schedules: No.25 bis "Non-pneumoconiotic disorders caused by the inhalation of inorganic dusts containing free silica"; No.44 bis "Cancers subsequent to the inhalation of iron oxide dusts or fumes"; No.91 "Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease in coal miners". Replacement of the old schedules: No.44 "Disorders subsequent to the inhalation of iron oxide dusts or fumes"; No.76 "Diseases related to infectious agents contracted in hospitals and during hospitalisation in the home". (60912)

CIS 93-1411 Law No.48 of 1993 concerning mining, incorporating application ordinance No.203/1998 (19 Dec.) [Hungary]. (Hungarian: 1993. évi XLVIII. törvény a bányászatról, egységes szerkezetben a végrehajtásáról szóló 203/1998. (XII. 19.) Korm. rendelettel) Magyar Közlöny, 13 May 1993, No.61, p.3345-3357. (In Hungarian)

Internet:
http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99300048.TV

This Law (adopted 20 Apr. 1993, effective 20 May 1993) concerns the regulation of mining activities, including research and production of geothermal energy, and the building and operation of oil and natural gas pipelines. Among its provisions: the granting of mining concessions; the establishment of safety zones around mining establishments; operation of mines according to safety regulations; notification of serious accidents and incidents to the competent authority; role of the Mining Inspectorate. The application ordinance repeals the previous application ordinance No.115/1993 (se CIS 95-1562). (60813)

CIS 93-1412 Regulation of health and safety in construction and civil engineering [Macao]. (Portuguese: Regulamento de higiene e segurança no trabalho da construção civil) Direcção de Serviços de Trabalho e Emprego, Rotunda Carlos da Maia, Macao, 1992. 163p., ISBN 972-8086-00-8 (In Chinese, Portuguese)

This publication contains three legal texts in Chinese and in Portuguese. Decreto-Lei (Decree-Law) No.44/91/M (effective 6 July 1991) approves the following Regulation and defines its scope (all work, locales, tools and equipment connected with construction). The Regulation deals in detail with the following topics: definitions; responsibilities of the builder and of workers; general prevention methods (resistance and stability of installations, tools, etc.; circulation and maintenance of vehicles and mechanical equipment); lifting apparatus and goods lifts; trenching and excavation; underground work; roofing work; demolition; work platforms; work in the vicinity of electric lines or installations; personal protective equipment; collective protection (guard rails, warning signs, machine guarding, etc.); first-aid equipment. Decreto-Lei No.67/92/M, effective 10 Sep. 1992, prescribes the schedule of fines relating to infractions of the Regulation. Bilingual forms relating to notifications, permits, etc. are included. (60828)

CIS 93-1413 Health and safety standards in construction [Argentina]. (Spanish: Normativa sobre salud y seguridad en la construcción) Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1991. 1 vol. (In Spanish)

This health and safety standard implements certain provisions of Law No.19.587/72. Contents: rights and obligations regarding occupational health and safety (of builders, contractors, workers, services); technical dossier relating to a building plan; infrastructure of the construction site; general standards applying to the construction site (materials handling and storage, workplaces, falling hazards, work in public areas, hazard signalling, electricity, fire hazards, personal protection); occupational hygiene standards (dangers of hyperbaric and hypobaric exposure, environmental pollution, ventilation, radiations, noise and vibration, lighting, thermal stress); safety at different stages of the work (demolition, explosives, excavation, pile driving, painting, concrete work); standards of safety in the use of materials and equipment (scaffolding, lifting equipment, etc.); training; accident registers. (60855)

CIS 93-1414 Law No.977 of 17 Oct. 1967 concerning the protection of children and adolescents [Italy]. (Italian: L. 17.10.1967, n.977 - Tutela dei lavoro dei fanciulli e degli adolescenti) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.365-368. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 6 Nov. 1967, No.276. (In Italian)

Any work by children or adolescents is subject to pre-employment and periodic medical examinations. Certain kinds of work are prohibited: underground work, mineral extraction, carrying or transport of loads in particularly uncomfortable or dangerous situations, manoeuvreing of railway wagons, night work. Furthermore, in any work involving the lifting or carrying of loads, maximum limits are imposed: for manual transport, 10kg (boys under 15yrs), 5kg (girls under 15yrs), 20kg (male adolescents), 15kg (female adolescents). When the transport is with the aid of wheeled carriages, these limits are increased 5-20-fold, depending on the type of carriage. Presidential Decree No.479 of 17.6.1975 introduces further conditions for periodic medical examinations, and, in particular, a new medical examination of any minor to be engaged in work in rice-fields, in the application of weed-killers, in any work involved in the artificial ripening of fruits and vegetables and in work involving exposure to pesticides. (60886)

CIS 93-1415 Commission Decision No.91/448/EEC of 29 July 1991 concerning the guidelines for classification referred to in Article 4 of Directive 90/219/EEC [CEC]. (French: Décision n°91/448/CEE de la Commission, du 29 juillet 1991, concernant les lignes directrices pour la classification visées à l'article 4 de la Directive 90/219/CEE [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 28 Aug. 1991, Vol.34, No.L.239, p.23-26. (In English, French)

Guidelines for the classification of genetically modified micro-organisms into group I according to Article 4(3) of Directive 90/219/EEC (CIS 93-1075). (61063)

CIS 93-1416 Air cleanliness requirements of workplaces - Airborne dust [Hungary]. (Hungarian: Munkahelyek levegőtisztasági követelményei - Szálló porok) Magyar Szabványügyi Hivatal, Szabványbolt, Pf. 162.1431, Budapest, Hungary, 1992. 5p. Illus. 11 ref. (In Hungarian)

This standard specifies the maximum permissible limits of mineral dust and fibre concentrations in workplace air in Hungary. It also provides a legal definition of the particulates concerned. The basic limits are (in mg/m³): respirable dusts: 0.1 (for 100% silica), 6.0 (for silica-free dust); total dust: 8.0 (when more than 20% of respirable dust is silica), 10.0 (for silica-free dust). Intermediate concentration limits are set for dust with intermediate silica content. For fibres, limits are set in fibre/cm³ - asbestos: chrysotile (1), amphiboles (not authorised); other fibres (glass, mineral, ceramic, plastic) (1). For talc dust, the limits are: asbestos-containing (1 fibre/cm³), other respirable (2.0mg/m³), other total dust (10.0mg/m³). This standard does not apply to silica-free dust with fibrogenic, toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, irritative, corrosive or allergenic properties. (60730)

CIS 93-1417 Ordinance No.56/1981 (18 Nov.) of the Council of Ministers concerning activities connected with the monitoring and decontamination of harmful waste; Ordonnance No.27/1992 (30 Jan.) of the Government concerning the modification of Ordinance No.56/1981... [Hungary]. (Hungarian: A Minisztertanács 56/1981. sz. rendelete a veszélyes hulladékok keletkezésének ellenőrzéséről és az azok ártalmatlanításával kapcsolatos tevékenységekről; A Kormány 27/1992. rendelete a ... 56/1981. rendelet módósításáról) Magyar Közlöny, 18 Nov. 1981, No.69, p.1022-1040; 30 Jan. 1992, No.11, p.189-192. (In Hungarian)

Contents of the original Ordinance (effective 1 Jan. 1982): scope (exclusions: radioactive waste, municipal waste, waste from municipal water-purification plants, environmental pollutants); general restrictions; monitoring of waste formation; temporary storage and transport of dangerous waste; decontamination; measures for the prevention of environmental damage due to dangerous waste; penalties. In annex: list of waste materials covered by the Ordinance, with hazard classification and industrial source. The modification Ordinance (effective 7 Feb. 1992) introduces changes in the attribution of responsibilities regarding harmful waste and it eliminates the scope restriction regarding environmental pollutants. (60811)

CIS 93-1418 Ordinance No.7/1992 (25 Feb.) of the Minister of Agriculture concerning the aerial spraying of agricultural chemicals [Hungary]. Magyar Közlöny, 25 Feb. 1992, No.19, p.672-673. (In Hungarian)

This text (effective 25 Feb. 1992) regulates the aerial spraying of agricultural chemicals (pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers). It prescribes the technical requirements of airplanes used for such purposes and the qualifications of operators. It prohibits the spraying of highly toxic and toxic substances when the wind speed exceeds 4m/sec (fixed-wing aircraft) or 2m/sec (helicopters); in the case of other substances the limit is 4m/sec. For liquid substances to be sprayed at quantities of 1-30L/ha the maximum wind speed is 2m/sec; such substances cannot be sprayed when there is a thermal updraft. There are further limitations based on environmental and seasonal considerations. (60812)

CIS 93-1419 Law No.706 of 19 July 1961 concerning the use of white lead in painting [Italy]. (Italian: L. 19.7.1961, n.706 - Impiego della biacca nella pittura) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.337-340. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 9 Aug. 1961, No.197. (In Italian)

This law prohibits in general the use in painting and varnishing of lead carbonate (white lead), lead sulfate and other pigments containing these substances. However, white paints with less than 2% Pb content may be used. Further provisions allow some derogations, but the employment of women and minors in the presence of lead carbonate is always prohibited, and special measures are foreseen for the labelling, handling and spraying of these substances, for their use in varnishing, for the provision of work clothes and personal protective equipment, and for the reporting of cases of lead poisoning and for medical surveillance. (60883)

CIS 93-1420 Law No.245 of 5 March 1963 concerning the limitation on the use of benzene and its homologues in work activities [Italy]. (Italian: L. 5.3.1963, n.245 - Limitazione dell'impiego del benzolo e i suoi omologhi nelle attività lavorative) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.341-353. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 21 Mar. 1963, No.77. (In Italian)

The use of benzene is prohibited in dry-cleaning, degreasing and polishing operations, in the preparation of impermeable fabrics, in the manufacturing and reparation of shoes, in painting, decorating, varnishing, and paint stripping jobs and as a diluent in inks. The use of solvents containing toluene or xylene is tolerated in the same operations as long as the concentration of these substances does not exceed 5%-45%, depending on the nature of the operation. As impurity, benzene may be tolerated up to 2% by weight in solvents used in operations enumerated above. Appropriate labelling is necessary when these substances are present in industrial solvents. Also reproduced are related Ministry of Labour Circulars No.562 (1.8.1962), No.1026 (5.8.1964) and No.181 (27.4.1972) and two decisions of the Supreme Court. (60884)

CIS 93-1421 Presidential Decree No.1335 of 30 Dec. 1969 concerning the marking of containers of dangerous or harmful products and materials [Italy]. (Italian: D.P.R. 30.12.1969, n.1335 - Indicazioni e contrassegni da apporre sui recipienti nei quali sono conservati prodotti o materie pericolosi o nocivi) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.389-403. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 8 July 1970, No.169. (In Italian)

Containers and recipients of dangerous and harmful products must carry appropriate warning signs and labels. Also included: Law No.256 of 29.5.1974 (also in Gazzetta ufficiale of 9.7.1974, No.178), on the classification and practice of the packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and preparations; Ministerial Decree of 19.11.1981, with an inventory of dangerous substances whose presence would lead to the classification of a workplace as unhealthy. (60887)

CIS 93-1422 Royal Decree No.147 of 9 Jan. 1927 - Approval of the special regulation concerning the use of toxic gases [Italy]. (Italian: R.D. 9.1.1927, n.147 - Approvazione del regolamento speciale per l'impiego dei gasi tossici) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.437-464. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 11 Mar. 1927, No.49. (In Italian)

Contents of this Decree: definition of toxic gases; authorisations and licenses for their use and storage and for fixed installations where they are used; safe storage and transport of toxic gases. Also included: Ministerial Decree of 9.5.1927 concerning the implementation of the Royal Decree, in particular for safety checking of transport equipment; Ministerial Decree of 6.2.1935, containing a list of toxic gases, with corresponding storage and transport authorisations necessary, possibly in function of their state (gas, vapour, in solution, mixed with other gases). (60889)

CIS 93-1423 Decree No.92-1261 of 3 Dec. 1992 and Orders of 5 Jan. 1993. Chemical hazards. Risk prevention and the preparation of chemical safety data sheets [France]. (French: Décret n°92-1261 du 3 déc. 1992 et arrêtés du 5 janv. 1993. Risque chimique. Prévention et élaboration des fiches de données de sécurité [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1916-150-93, p.129-137. Also in: Journal officiel, 5 Dec. 1992 and 7/19 Feb. 1993. (In French)

Pursuant to a number of European directives, Decree No.92-1261 of 3 Dec. 1992 modifies the French Labour Code (Section V, Chapter 1, of Book II, Heading III), adding three new sub-sections (1. Principles for the classification of dangerous substances and preparations; 4. General rules of chemical risk prevention; 6. Special rules on the prevention of carcinogenic risks). They deal mainly with concern classification principles, chemical safety data sheets and notification procedures. The Order of 5 January 1993, listing carcinogenic substances, preparations and processes, completes Decree No.92-1261 of 3 December 1992 on this subject. The Order of 5 January 1993, laying down instructions for the preparation and transmission of chemical safety data sheets, contains a guide to their preparation. (60911)

CIS 93-1424 Health and Safety - The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1993 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 59p. Illus. Price: GBP 7.35., ISBN 0-11-034746-3 (In English)

These Regulations implement in Great Britain the provisions of EEC Directives 92/32 (CIS 92-726), 88/379 (CIS 91-21), 78/631 (CIS 91-715) and 91/155 (CIS 93-1425). Contents: definition of the "approved supply list" and the "approved carriage list", and of the terms "dangerous for supply" and "dangerous for carriage"; description of safety data sheets to be provided under these Regulations; requirements for packaging and labelling; derogations; keeping of data on dangerous substances. In schedules: classification of dangerous substances (by physico-chemical properties, health effects and environmental effects; accepted methods for the determination of flash points); indications of danger, hazard warning signs and symbols for substances dangerous for supply or carriage; classification provisions for preparations dangerous for supply and for pesticides; headings under which particulars are to be provided in safety data sheets; particulars to be shown on labels for dangerous substances and preparations. Statutory Instrument 1984/1244 (CIS 82-29), many times amended, is abrogated. (61036)

CIS 93-1425 Commission Directive of 5 March 1991 defining and laying down the detailed arrangements for the system of specific information relating to dangerous preparations in implementation of Article 10 of Directive 88/379/EEC [CEC]. (French: Directive de la Commission du 5 mars 1991 définissant et fixant, en application de l'article 10 de la directive 88/379/CEE du Conseil, les modalités du système d'information spécifique relatif aux préparations dangereuses [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 22 Mar. 1991, Vol.34, No.L.76, p.35-41. (In English, French)

This Directive in implementation of Directive 88/379/EEC (CIS 91-21) stipulates that any person established within the Community who is responsible for placing a dangerous substance or preparation on the market, whether the manufacturer, importer or distributor, shall supply the recipient who is an industrial user of the substance or preparation with a safety data sheet containing the information set out in its Article 3. The obligatory headings that the safety data sheet should contain are listed. In appendix: guide to the compilation of safety data sheets. (61062)

CIS 93-1426 Council Regulation (EEC) No.2455/92 of 23 July 1992 concerning the export and import of certain dangerous chemicals [CEC]. (French: Règlement (CEE) n°2455/92 du Conseil, du 23 juillet 1992, concernant les exportations et importations de certains produits chimiques dangereux [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 29 Aug. 1992, Vol.35, No.L.251, p.13-22. Appendices. (In English, French)

The purpose of this Regulation is to establish a common system of notification and information for imports from and exports to third countries of certain chemicals which are banned or severely restricted on account of their effects on human health and the environment and to apply the international notification and "prior informed consent" procedure established by the UNEP and the FAO. (61064)

CIS 93-1427 Commission Recommendation No.92/579/EEC of 27 November 1992 calling upon Member States to set up the infrastructures needed to identify dangerous products at the external frontiers [CEC]. (French: Recommandation n°92/579/CEE de la Commission, du 27 novembre 1992, invitant les Etats membres à mettre en place les infrastructures nécessaires permettant l'identification des produits dangereux aux frontières extérieures [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 22 Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.L.374, p.66-69. (In English, French)

This Recommendation describes the procedures to set up the infrastructures and the steps to be followed according to the Community system for the rapid exchange of information on dangers arising from the use of consumer products established by Decision 89/45/EEC, with particular emphasis on the health and safety of consumers. (61065)

CIS 93-1428 Commission Directive 92/69/EEC of 31 July 1992 adapting to technical progress for the 17th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws ... relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [CEC]. (French: Directive 92/69/CEE de la Commission, du 31 juillet 1992, portant 17e adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 67/548/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives,...relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 29 Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.L.383, p.113-114. (In English, French)

The Annex to Directive 84/449/EEC (CIS 84-1904) is replaced by the Annex published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, Vol.35, No.L.383 A of 29 Dec. 1992 (CIS 93-1429). The algal inhibition test method described in Annex to Directive 88/302/EEC (CIS 88-1428) is deleted. The Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than 30 October 1993. (61066)

CIS 93-1429 Annex to Commission Directive 92/69/EEC of 31 July 1992 adapting to technical progress for the 17th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws ... relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [CEC]. (French: Annexe de la Dir. 92/69/CEE de la Commission, du 31 juil. 1992, portant 17e adaptation au progrès technique de la dir. 67/548/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives...relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 29 Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.L.383 A, 235p. Price: ECU 38.00. (In English, French)

This Annex to Directive 92/69/EEC (CIS 93-1428) sets out test methods for the determination of physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties listed in Annexes VII and VIII to Directive 79/831/EEC (CIS 88-1427). The methods are based on those recognised and recommended by competent international bodies (in particular OECD). When such methods were not available, national standards or scientific consensus methods have been adopted. Generally, tests should be performed with the substance as defined by the Directive. Attention should be given to the possible influence of impurities on the test results. When the methods of this Annex are inappropriate for the investigation of a certain property, the notifier must justify the alternate method used. (61067)

CIS 93-1430 Council Regulation (EEC) No.793/93 of 23 March 1993 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances [CEC]. (French: Règlement (CEE) n°793/93 du Conseil, du 23 mars 1993, concernant l'évaluation et le contrôle des risques présentés par les substances existantes [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 5 Apr. 1993, Vol.36, No.L.84, 75p. Price: ECU 18.00. (In English, French)

This Regulation applies to the collection, circulation and accessibility of information on existing substances (listed in Einecs) as well as to the evaluation of the risks of these substances to man and to the environment. Part I deals with the systematic data reporting and establishment of lists of priority substances and part II with the risk evaluation of the substances on the priority lists. Those lists are given in the appendix. (61068)

CIS 93-1431 Commission Directive 93/18/EEC of 5 April 1993 adapting for the 3rd time to technical progress Council Directive 88/379/EEC on the approximation of laws, ... relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations [CEC]. (French: Directive 93/18/CEE de la Commission, du 5 avr. 1993, portant 3e adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 88/379/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives,... relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des préparations dangereuses [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 29 Apr. 1993, Vol.36, No.L.104, p.46-56. (In English, French)

Annexes I and II to Directive 88/379/EEC (CIS 91-21) are replaced by the annexes to this Directives: Annex I - Concentration limits to be used in applying the conventional methods of assessing health hazards in accordance with Article 3(5); Annex II - Particular provisions concerning the labelling of certain preparations. (61069)

CIS 93-1432 OSHA Final Rule - Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals; Explosives and blasting agents [USA]. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 24 Feb. 1992, Vol.57, No.36, p.6356-6417. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

Internet:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER&p_id=13207

This Final Rule (effective 26 May 1992) was issued under the authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and the Clean Air Act. It concerns the prevention or minimisation of the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic or dangerous chemicals. Main headings: application, definitions, employee participation, process safety information, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, training contractors, pre-startup safety review, mechanical integrity, hot work permit, management of change, incident investigation, emergency planning and response, compliance audits, trade secrets. In appendix: list of highly hazardous chemicals, toxics and reactives (with CAS No. and threshold quantity in lb); a sample block flow diagram; compliance guidelines and recommendations for process safety management (non-mandatory). The Rule is preceded by a very extensive section on: background; OSHA agency action; summary and explanation of the Final Rule; statutory considerations; analysis of regulatory impact and flexibility, trade and environmental impact. (60870)

CIS 93-1433 Presidential Decree No.185 of 13 Feb. 1964 concerning the safety of installations and the health protection of workers and of the population against the dangers of ionising radiation derived from the peaceful use of nuclear energy [Italy]. (Italian: D.P.R. 13.2.1964, n.185 - Sicurezza degli impianti e protezione sanitaria dei lavoratori e delle popolazioni contro i pericoli delle radiazioni ionizzanti derivanti dall'impiego pacifico dell'energia nucleare) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.414-436. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 16 Apr. 1964, No.95. (In Italian)

This Decree applies to all activities involving the storage, production, use, handling, treatment or elimination of radioactive substances. Among its provisions: obligations of employers, management personnel, workers, experts and expert physicians; information of workers of the risks involved in their work and of appropriate preventive and dosimetric methods; prohibition of work by minors, and by pregnant or breast-feeding women; limitation of exposure; protective measures in case of work agreed to by the worker involving exceptionally high irradiation; experts (qualifications, tasks); frequency of radiation measurements; documentation related to the surveillance of radioprotection; medical supervision (preventive, periodical and emergency medical examinations); work stoppage; decontamination; personal health records; notification of nuclear incidents and occupational diseases; authorised institutes. Also included: Circular No.38 of 8.3.1985 of the Ministry of Labour on various aspects of the Decree, and on the protection of health-care personnel working with X-ray equipment; Decision of the Council of State No.1726/84 of 5.12.1984 concerning the role of the Labour Inspectorate in radioprotection; Presidential Decree of 24.9.1968 (No.1428) defining the types of machines the use of which might lead to danger of irradiation by workers and the population in general. (60888)

CIS 93-1434 Decrees Nos.93-40 and 93-41 of 11 Jan. 1993. Work equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE). Conditions of use [France]. (French: Décrets n°93-40 et 93-41 du 11 janv. 1993. Equipements de travail et équipements de protection individuelle (EPI). Conditions d'utilisation [France]) Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1918-150-93, p.143-148. Also in: Journal officiel, 13 Jan. 1993. (In French)

Decree No.93-40 sets forth the requirements applicable to second-hand equipment and the regulations governing the bringing into conformity of existing equipment. The measures are applicable as of 15 Jan. 1993, but there is a transition period up to 1 Jan. 1997 for work equipment in service before 1 Jan. 1993. Decree No.93-41 deals with the organisational aspects and the use of work equipment and personal protective equipment, pursuant to European directives No.89/655/EEC (CIS 90-357) and 89/656/EEC (CIS 90-385). The new titles (II. "Work equipment, organisational measures and conditions of use"; IV. "PPE, organisational measures and conditions of use") concern inter alia the information of employees and the plant health and safety committee, safety training, the conditions of installation of work equipment, special training and the establishment of a maintenance log book for certain equipment, the provision of PPE, periodical inspections and instructions for use. These measures are applicable as of 15 Jan. 1993. (60913)

CIS 93-1435 Council Directive 93/44/EEC of 14 June 1993 amending Directive 89/392/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery [CEC]. (French: Directive 93/44/CEE du Conseil, du 14 juin 1993, modifiant la Directive 89/392/CEE concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives aux machines [CCE]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 19 July 1993, Vol.36, No.L.175, p.12-20. (In English, French)

The modifications to Directive 89/392/EEC (CIS 89-1442) apply to the "safety components" of machinery. In Annex: essential health and safety requirements to offset the particular hazards due to the lifting or moving of persons. (61070)

CIS 93-1436 Law No.292 of 5 March 1963 concerning compulsory tetanus vaccination [Italy]. (Italian: L. 5.3.1963, n.292 - Vaccinazione antitetanica obbligatoria) In: Zucchetti R., Igiene del lavoro e prevenzione delle malattie professionali, Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1987 (ISBN 88-19-48201-0, price: ITL 60,000), p.357-364. Also in: Gazzetta ufficiale, 27 Mar. 1963, No.83. (In Italian)

Vaccination against tetanus becomes obligatory for workers in specified occupations with an increased risk of infection (in particular, for workers in agriculture, for workers exposed to animals, for dustmen, for those engaged in road construction and repair, for those in the building trades, for garbage workers and for workers engaged in paper and cardboard manufacturing). Also included are: Presidential Decree No.1301 of 7.9.1965, relating to the implementation of the original law; Law No.419 of 20.3.1968, and Ministerial Decrees of 22.3.1975 and of 16.9.1975 extending the scope of professions covered (tanners, common labourers, miners, brick-makers, railway workers, woodworkers, metalworkers, seafarers and workers in harbours). (60885)

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CIS 93-1437 Acetamide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen. (61001)

CIS 93-1438 Acetic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm (25mg/m³) (as TWA); 15ppm (37mg/m³) (as STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992). (61002)

CIS 93-1439 Acetyl bromide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive to the eyes and skin; corrosive on ingestion; irritation of respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs. (61003)

CIS 93-1440 Alachlor. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Synonym: Lasso. Short-term exposure effects: eye irritation. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitisation; hepatic damage; blood-cell anomalies; possible human carcinogen. (61004)

CIS 93-1441 Allyl isothiocyanate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (61005)

CIS 93-1442 Aluminium hydroxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: phosphate depletion. (61006)

CIS 93-1443 Antipyrine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; may affect the kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys and blood-cell production; decreased disease resistance. (61007)

CIS 93-1444 Argon. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: liquid may cause frostbite; asphyxiant. (61008)

CIS 93-1445 Arsenic pentoxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the kidneys, liver and the cardiovascular, nervous and blood systems. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs, skin, bone marrow, the cardiovascular and nervous systems and other organs; human carcinogen; may cause antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as As): 0.2mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61009)

CIS 93-1446 Arsenic trioxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the kidneys, liver and the cardiovascular, nervous and haematopoietic systems. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs, skin, bone marrow, peripheral vascular and nervous systems, the heart function, and the kidneys and liver; human carcinogen; may cause birth defects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as As): 0.2mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61010)

CIS 93-1447 Ascorbic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. (61011)

CIS 93-1448 Barium peroxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive on ingestion. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 0.5 (Ba) mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61012)

CIS 93-1449 n-Butylamine. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; narcotic effects. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; ceiling value (skin): 15mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 10mg/m³ (USSR 1980). (61013)

CIS 93-1450 Chlorobenzene. (French: Chlorobenzène) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1993. 5p. 31 ref. (In French)

Chemical safety data sheet and model label. Acute toxicity: strong narcotic, hepatotoxin and irritant of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Ingestion of chlorobenzene can produce pallor or cyanosis, methaemoglobinaemia or collapse. Chronic toxicity: central nervous system effects. Prolonged inhalation of the vapours produces headache, somnolence, vertigo, numbness, and lesions in the liver, kidney and/or lung. French time-weighted average exposure limit (VME): 75ppm (350mg/m³). The corresponding value in the US (ACGIH, 1992) is 10ppm. (61014)

CIS 93-1451 Dibromomethane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the kidney and liver. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 10mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (61015)

CIS 93-1452 Ethane (liquefied gas). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: liquid may cause frostbite; asphyxiant. (61016)

CIS 93-1453 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver and kidney; may impair male fertility; may cause retarded development of the new-born. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 5ppm; 27mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61017)

CIS 93-1454 Ethyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 400ppm; 1400mg/m³ (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61018)

CIS 93-1455 Ethylbenzene. (Spanish: Etilbenceno) Noticias de seguridad, June 1993, Vol.55, No.6. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); narcotic effects; pulmonary oedema and haemorrhage; dermatitis. (61019)

CIS 93-1456 Ethyl carbamate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the liver. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the bone marrow, brain, kidney and eyes; possible human carcinogen; may cause antifertility effects. (61020)

CIS 93-1457 Furfural. (Spanish: Furfural) Noticias de seguridad, June 1993, Vol.55, No.6. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); sensitisation dermatitis. (61021)

CIS 93-1458 Isobutyl alcohol. (Spanish: Alcohol isobutílico) Noticias de seguridad, July 1993, Vol.55, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract and skin; liquid defats the skin; dermatitis. (61022)

CIS 93-1459 Methyl formate. (Spanish: Metil formiato) Noticias de seguridad, July 1993, Vol.55, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract and lungs; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); narcotic effects; pulmonary oedema. (61023)

CIS 93-1460 Methyl methacrylate. (French: Méthacrylate de méthyle) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1993. 5p. 42 ref. (In French)

Chemical safety data sheet with model label. Acute toxicity: skin absorption; moderate irritant of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Chronic toxicity: weak irritant of the skin; moderate sensitiser; neurological effects (irritability, weakness, headaches); gastrointestinal effects (nausea). French exposure limits: ceiling value (VLE) 200ppm (820mg/m³), time-weighted average (VME) 100ppm (410mg/m³). (61024)

CIS 93-1461 Picric acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: staining of skin and hair. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.1ppm (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (61025)

CIS 93-1462 Propane (liquefied gas). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: liquid may cause frostbite; asphyxiant. (61026)

CIS 93-1463 Propylene glycol. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes. (61027)

CIS 93-1464 Rosin. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: may cause asthmatic reactions; irritation of eyes and upper respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitisation. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (core solder pyrolysis products, as formaldehyde): 0.1mg/m³ (ACGIH 1988-1989). (61028)

CIS 93-1465 Sodium hydroxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 2mg/m³ (ceiling value) (ACGIH 1989-1990). (61029)

CIS 93-1466 Trichlorobenzenes. (French: Trichlorobenzènes) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1993. 4p. 34 ref. (In French)

Chemical safety data sheet. Acute toxicity (human): irritation of the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract. Chronic toxicity: no substantial data. Time-weighted average exposure limit (VME) in France: 5ppm (40mg/m³) for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. (61030)

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CIS 93-1467 Personal protective equipment. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 57p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training brochure on the use of personal protective equipment in mines: accident prevention; principles of personal protection; care and use of equipment; protection of specific parts of the body (head, eyes, face, ear, respiratory system, hands, feet); general body protection; belts, harnesses and lifelines; miscellaneous equipment. Glossary of terms. (61055)

CIS 93-1468 An OSH program in your workplace - Occupational Safety and Health. (French: Programme de sécurité et de santé dans votre lieu de travail - Sécurité et santé au travail) Publications Distribution Centre, Labour Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J2, Canada, 1990. 33p. (In English, French)

This publication is meant to assist employers and employees meet their obligations under Part II of the Canada Labour Code. How to organise, implement and monitor an occupational safety and health programme is explained through the use of comparison charts, diagrammes and examples. (60740)

CIS 93-1469 Catalogue: Films and videos used in occupational safety and health - An overall review. (French: Catalogue: films et vidéos utilisés dans la sécurité et la santé au travail - Un inventaire des réalisations internationales) International Social Security Association (ISSA), Berufsgenossenschaft der Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik, Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 130, 5000 Köln 51, Germany, 1993. ca. 231p. Indexes. (In English, French, German, Spanish)

Catalogue of approximately 200 films and videos produced internationally on some aspects of occupational safety and health. For each item, the following information is given: original title (in English if the language of the item is not one of the languages of the catalogue); country of origin; publisher (name of organisation with address); language; production, rental or distributor company (if applicable); sale price; year of production; nature of media; length; title and short summary in four languages. (60786)

CIS 93-1470 Working conditions and health. (Spanish: Condiciones de trabajo y salud) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2nd ed., 1990. 175p. Illus. 37 ref., ISBN 84-7425-314-4 (In Spanish)

Second edition of an introductory manual on OSH (for the first edition, see CIS 89-1815). Contents: generalities (work and health; occupational hazards and their prevention; occupational accidents and diseases; other health hazards; working conditions; risk factors and preventive techniques); safety at work (machines, equipment and tools; work spaces; handling and transport; electricity; fires); the physical working environment; chemical and biological contamination; physical and mental workload and ergonomics; work and health; activities aimed at improving working conditions and health; safety and health organisation. In annex: a self-evaluation questionnaire and checklist. (60824)

CIS 93-1471 Inspecting your workplace - A guide for manufacturers. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1993. 25p. Illus. Price: CAD 2.95 (IAPA members), CAD 4.95 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-028-5 (In English)

This booklet provides guidelines for establishing and conducting effective workplace inspections. Contents: definition and objectives of a workplace inspection; types of inspection; legal requirements; purpose and function of workplace inspections; preparing for the inspection (policy, organisation, information requirements); conducting the inspection; reporting procedures and responsibilities for follow-up. A sample checklist and recording form are included. (60860)

CIS 93-1472 System safety engineering. Rankin J.E., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, reprinted 1986. 42p. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

Contents of this manual on system safety engineering: system engineering; system life cycle; system safety; system safety programmes; hazard analysis; system safety analysis techniques (gross hazard analysis, failure mode and effect analysis, fault tree analysis, technique for human error rate prediction); hazard classification; hazard control (engineering, educational and administrative solutions; protective apparel); glossary. (60908)

CIS 93-1473 Fault Tree Analysis. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 33p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

This training manual is an introduction to the basics of Fault Tree Analysis as it is applied to the investigation of mine accidents. It covers: general principles of Fault Trees; logic gates; events (output, independent, normal, undeveloped); the transfer symbol; Fault Tree Analysis in detail. Glossary of terms. (61049)

CIS 93-1474 Accident investigation. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1990. 38p. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual: prevention of accidents; investigative procedures; equipment and supplies; fact finding; interviews; problem-solving procedures (the scientific method, Change Analysis, sequence diagrams, Gross Hazard Analysis, Job Safety Analysis, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis); report of investigation. In appendices: glossary; accident types; direct and indirect causes of accidents; basic causes of accidents. (61051)

CIS 93-1475 Audiovisual resources in occupational health and safety - Films, videos and tape slides available from distributors in the United Kingdom. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 182p. Index. Price: GBP 11.00., ISBN 0-11-882119-9 (In English)

Annotated catalogue of ca. 800 audiovisual training materials (16mm films, videos, tape/slide presentations and slide presentations) on occupational safety and health and readily available for sale or rental in the United Kingdom. Each entry includes the name of the producer and/or distributor, price or rental fee in GBP, a short abstract, running time and format(s). The items are grouped by 43 subject areas. Appended are lists of addresses for distributors and producers. (60780)

CIS 93-1476 Construction publications - Publications catalogue '93-'94. Construction Industry Training Board (CITB), CITB Publications Department, Bircham Newton, Kings Lynn, Norfolk PE 31 6RH, United Kingdom, 1993. 35p. Illus. Index. (In English)

Catalogue of training materials (workbooks, modules, videos) on various aspects of the construction industry: vocational education and careers; starting work; equal opportunities; building; civil engineering; building engineering services (electricity, gas, ventilation) technicians; safety (working at heights, site safety, safety in training, safety in building engineering services and civil engineering); supervisory and management training; research reports; the brick industry. Prices in GBP are provided throughout. An order form is attached. (61037)

CIS 93-1477 Falling isn't funny - The tragedy of falls and how they ruin lives. Construction Industry Training Board (CITB), CITB Publications Department, Bircham Newton, Kings Lynn, Norfolk PE 31 6RH, United Kingdom, 1993. Videocassette (15min) + trainer's manual (24p. Illus.). Price: GBP 90.00 (for CITB registered customers: GBP 75.00; for overseas customers: GBP 135.00). (In English)

Training video intended to be used in conjunction with a structured training session. Three different approaches to the session are outlined in the Trainer's manual. The video shows the events leading up to three simulated accidents involving falls in the construction industry. The manual provides material for discussions with workers of these accidents. (61040)

CIS 93-1478 First aid. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1992. 60p. Illus. 6 ref. Index. (In English)

This manual provides an explanation of first-aid techniques to be used in mines before medical help arrives. It covers: basic first-aid procedures; first-aid procedures for life-threatening conditions (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, dealing with foreign objects in the throat of conscious and unconscious victims, cardiopulmonary resuscitation); control of bleeding; treatment for shock; bandages and dressings; treating of wounds, burns and scalds; musculoskeletal injuries; dislocations; transportation of the injured; environmental emergencies (hypothermia, frostbite, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps); medical emergencies. (61043)

CIS 93-1479 Bush safety in mineral exploration. (French: Sécurité dans les bois pour les prospecteurs de minéraux) Umpherson D., Bennett D., Webb J.R., Hart J., Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Mines Accident Prevention Association Ontario, P.O. Box 1468, 147 McIntyre Street West, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8K6, Canada, 1991. vi, 65p. Illus. 9 ref., ISBN 0-7729-8288-0 (In English, French)

Safe practices for prospecting and mineral exploration in the bush are described. Responsibilities for safety are outlined as well as personal protective equipment, trip preparation, setting-up camp and camp equipment, and safety around hazardous sites. Survival when lost in the bush and first-aid measures for different types of injuries and conditions are described. (60761)

CIS 93-1480 Mine gases. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 42p. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Training manual concerning the poisoning and explosion hazards associated with mine gases. Contents: sources and properties of mine gases (clean and contaminated air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane and other hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, gas mixtures and smoke); analysis of mine gases; detection and identification of contaminant gases; control of mine gases (under normal and abnormal conditions). In appendix: table of properties (specific gravity, density, TLV, hazard) of common mine gases; glossary. (61042)

CIS 93-1481 Accident prevention. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1990. 38p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Contents of this safety training manual on accident prevention in mines: definition of accidents; statistical trends in mining accidents in the US; accident causes (direct and indirect causes, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions); accident prevention; accident investigation; glossary of terms. (61044)

CIS 93-1482 Laboratory safety. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 26p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

This safety training manual covers accident prevention in mine-related laboratories. In addition to general safety measures, it covers subjects such as hazard identification in laboratories, hazards of energy sources, hazardous materials in laboratories, job safety procedures, safety inspections and emergency procedures. Glossary of terms. (61045)

CIS 93-1483 Coal mine maps. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 22p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

Training manual on the preparation, interpretation and use of mine maps, particularly for coal mines. Glossary of terms. (61053)

CIS 93-1484 Safety tips for underground coal mining. Connelly D.J., Forte J.V., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1984. 35p. Illus. (In English)

Training brochure on safe working practices in underground coal mining. Descriptions of typical accidents, with corresponding safety tips. (61057)

CIS 93-1485 Coal mine roof and rib control. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1985. 49p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual on the principal means of roof and rib control in coal mines: reasons for roof falls; permanent and temporary supports; special measures for longwall mining; roof control plans; roof and rib inspection and testing; prevention of roof fall accidents; basic safety rules. Glossary. (61058)

CIS 93-1486 Winter alert. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 64p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

This training manual concerns winter hazards and their prevention in coal mines. Section A deals with hazards in underground mines: fires and explosions; roof and ground control; frozen and stiff equipment controls; ice build-up in shafts and slops; frozen water pumps. Section B deals with surface mining hazards in winter: effect of bad weather and cold temperatures on soil stability; explosives and blasting hazards; equipment hazards; electrical hazards; welding hazards. Glossary. (61059)

CIS 93-1487 Safety training in the construction industry. (French: Formation à la prévention dans la construction) International Social Security Association (ISSA), International Section for the Construction Industry, OPPBTP, 204 Rond-point du Pont-de-Sèvres, 92516 Boulogne Billancourt, France, 1991. 95p. Illus., ISBN 92-843-1046-6 (Eng), ISBN 92-843-2046-1 (fr), ISBN 92-843-3046-7 (esp), ISBN 92-843-7046-9 (deu) (In English, French, German, Spanish)

This document comprises a series of reports on safety training proposals put forward by specialised groups within an ISSA Working Party on Safety Training in the Construction Industry. The reports cover: safety training in small- and medium-sized enterprises; safety awareness of designers; safety awareness of site managers; training of instructors. An annex provides training recommendations for safety officers in construction. (60920)

CIS 93-1488 Health and safety in your office - A guide for managers and employees. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. 41p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: CAD 7.95 (IAPA members), CAD 9.95 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-018-8 (In English)

This booklet identifies office hazards and recommends measures to control them. Contents: legal requirements in Ontario; health and safety policies and programmes; health and safety committees or representatives; management of health and safety; identifying and controlling hazards; health hazards (air quality, lighting, noise, video display terminals, workstation and job design, night or shift work, office chemicals); safety hazards and their control; planning for emergencies; office inspection. An inspection checklist is included. (60859)

CIS 93-1489 Risk prevention in the maintenance of green areas. (Spanish: Prevención de riesgos en mantenimiento de áreas verdes) Reyes Soto M., Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1990. 113p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Training manual on the prevention of accidents and exposure to harmful substances for workers maintaining green areas in Chile. A statistical evaluation of accidents among such workers is given. Particular topics covered: working in traffic areas; lifting, handling, loading and unloading materials; work at heights; machinery and equipment; pesticides, work tools; personal protective equipment; and organising a safety and health programme. (60980)

CIS 93-1490 Laboratory ventilation workbook. Burton D.J., IVE, Inc., 2974 South 900 East, Bountiful, Utah 84010, USA, 1991. iv, 351p. Illus. 44 ref. Index. Price: USD 45.00., ISBN 0-9623160-8-3 (In English)

Contents of this self-study workbook: the behaviour of air; management of laboratory ventilation systems; chemical laboratory fume hoods; glove box hoods; perchloric acid fume hoods; biosafety cabinets; hazardous chemical materials labs; testing of lab ventilation systems; usefulness of the hood static pressure; standards and code; air supply and HVAC systems; reading plans and specifications; placement of stacks, exhaust and inlets; general exhaust and dilution air equations; design of lab fume hood duct systems; fans and air movers; troubleshooting and O&M; non-standard air conditions. Each chapter contains a number of exercises and examples. Appendices include a glossary and charts, forms and checklists. (60800)

CIS 93-1491 Hazardous substances in the workplace. (French: Substances hasardeuses dans le lieu de travail) Publications Distribution Centre, Labour Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J2, Canada, 1991. 11p. Illus. (In English, French)

Hazardous substances are defined and the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS) is explained. Topics covered: hazard control in the workplace; hazard evaluation; who supplies the information; purchasing, handling and storage; personal protective equipment; laws and regulations; WHMIS hazardous symbols. (60765)

CIS 93-1492 Health hazards in the use of organic solvents. (French: Les risques de l'utilisation des solvants organiques pour la santé; German: Gesundheitsrisiko beim Umgang mit organischen Lösemitteln) Steinegger A., Illustrierte Zeitschrift für Arbeitssicherheit, Apr. 1993, Vol.40, No.2, p.15-16 + 4p. insert (German), No.3, p.6-7 + 4p. insert (French). Illus. Insert available separately without charge from SVAAA, Sekretär Heinz Frech, KIGA BL, Arbeitsinspektorat, Bahnhofstrasse 32, 4133 Pratteln, Switzerland. (In French, German)

Colourful information note on organic solvents (where they are found, what their hazards are and how to prevent them) produced by an interdisciplinary committee on the occasion of the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work. The commentary includes data on the production, consumption and uses of organic solvents in Switzerland and elsewhere. (60814)

CIS 93-1493 Respiratory protection program and record keeping kit. Pritchard J.A., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA, 1992. 73p. Illus. 9 ref. Also available from: International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd., Cheriton House, North Way, Andover SP10 5BE, Hampshire, United Kingdom. Price: GBP 52.00., ISBN 0-442-00802-3 (In English)

Part 1 of this workbook describes a minimally-acceptable respirator programme meeting the requirements of ANSI Z88.2-1980 (Practices for Respiratory Protection) and covers: preparation of written standard operating procedures; programme administration; medical evaluation and surveillance; hazard evaluation and respirator selection; respirator fitting and training; facial hair, contact lenses and eye and face protective devices; respirator inspection and maintenance; supervision of respirator use; respirator programme evaluation. An annotated list of reference material and standards is included. Part 2 contains a sample written standard operating procedure including sample forms and records. (60923)

CIS 93-1494 Handbook for pesticide applicators and dispensers. Adams R.W., Ministry of Environment, Pesticide Control Program, Crown Publications Inc., 546 Yates Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 1K8, Canada, 5th ed., 1990. viii, 253p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-7726-1233-1 (In English)

Intended as a reference manual for pesticide applicators and others who require basic information on pesticides or safe pesticide use, this updated version of an earlier edition includes new standards for safe pesticide transport, storage and disposal. More information is also provided on pesticide properties, pest control objectives and pest management as well as new chapter on equipment calibration. A quiz is included at the end of each chapter for the purposes of testing students on their knowledge of the information covered. Glossary of pest control terms. (60762)

CIS 93-1495 Guidelines for management of chemicals and hazardous waste in schools. Alberta Special Waste Management Corporation, 610, 10909 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3L9, Canada, 1991. 33, 11p. Illus. (In English)

This training guide explains the purpose, development and monitoring of a chemical and hazardous waste management plan for schools. Features of a plan are described: management guidelines; purchasing; inventory; use and storage; and proper disposal. Relevant federal and Alberta legislation are also cited. Appendices include chemical storage guidelines, procedures for transporting waste chemicals from school laboratories and a copy of the Alberta Hazardous Waste Regulation (Alberta Regulation 505/87). (60767)

CIS 93-1496 Fire prevention and control - Basic concepts. (Spanish: Prevención y control de incendios - Nociones básicas) Delgado G., Herrera C., Ley M., Molinos S., Ruiz P., Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, 1993. 20p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Training manual on fire prevention and control. Topics are covered in a simple style with many illustrations. Subjects covered: basic concepts, such as definition of fire, heat transmission and elements of the fire triangle (flammable materials + heat + oxygen); causes of fires; general preventive measures; types of fires; fire control; description and use of portable fire extinguishers (water-type, foam, carbon dioxide and dry chemical extinguishers). (60976)

CIS 93-1497 Fire safety. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 41p. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training booklet; basic information on fires (the fire triangle, classification); fire hazards (flames, heat, gases, smoke, oxygen deficiency); fire prevention; fire protection (extinguishing and firefighting equipment); personal protection (equipment, escapeways, barricades). In appendices: glossary of terms; flammable gases and liquids (classification, properties). (61054)

CIS 93-1498 Permissibility: Electric face equipment. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 26p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

Training manual on the explosion-proof operation of electric face equipment in underground coal mines. (61056)

CIS 93-1499 Mine escapeways. Shumate J.L., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1986. 24p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

This training manual describes the proper preparation and maintenance of escapeways providing emergency exits from underground mines. Some other topics discussed are: warning systems; escape plans; check-in and check-out systems; self-rescue respiratory devices; refuge chambers; barricades; mine rescue systems. Glossary of terms. (61052)

CIS 93-1500 Electrical hazards. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1991. 51p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual on electrical hazards in mines: electrical accidents; basic characteristics of electricity; shock due to contact with live wires or surfaces; areas of special risk (electrical enclosures, mills and preparation plants, high voltage cables, trolley systems, trailing cables); protective measures (circuit and cable protection, protection of wires, grounding); particular issues (machine guards, batteries). Glossary of terms. (61050)

CIS 93-1501 Heat stress in mining. Misaqi F.L., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1984. 32p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual: effects of heat stress on the body; how the body copes with heat stress; control of heat stress in mining; heat disorders and first aid to heat stress victims. Glossary of terms. (61047)

CIS 93-1502 Mine ventilation. Shumate J.L., Proffitt C.M., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1986. 43p. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual: mine gases and contaminants; recognition, evaluation and control of hazards; general mine ventilation (principal aim: to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen to mining areas and to dilute or carry away flammable, explosive, noxious or harmful gases, dust, smoke and fumes); mine fans; ventilation controls; relevant regulations in the US; ventilation in metal and non-metal mines; ventilation of workplaces; special applications; heating and air conditioning; air measurement. Glossary. (61060)

CIS 93-1503 The radiation hazard in mining. Misaqi F.L., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1986. 24p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

Contents of this training manual: radiation (particulate and electromagnetic radiation) as a health hazard; evaluation of the radiation hazard; control of radiation in mines. Glossary of terms. (61048)

CIS 93-1504 Getting to grips with manual handling. A short guide for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1993. 12p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

This booklet provides a brief guide to the requirements of the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-36). Contents: duties of employers and employees; avoiding manual handling; assessing and reducing the risk of injury; personnel training; good handling technique; general guidelines for assessing whether there is a risk of injury. (60997)

CIS 93-1505 Proper felling and limbing techniques. Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, 128 McIntyre Street West, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, rev., 1990. 31p. Illus. (In English)

Safe practices for felling and limbing in the cut-and-skid logging sector are outlined in this training manual. Some aspects covered: personal protective equipment; notching; assessing the work area; safe chainsaw use; and chicots. (60763)

CIS 93-1506 Risk prevention in highway repair work. (Spanish: Prevención de riesgos en obras viales) Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565 - Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, no date. 52p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Manual on technical standards on signalling and traffic control connected with highway repair work. Topics covered: characteristics and specifications of temporary traffic signalling; special standards on signalling, the beginning and end of highway repairs, the presence of repair workers, the narrowing of the highway, the direction of the traffic, the use of earthmoving equipment and reduced speed limits; barriers and other elements to direct traffic; luminous devices; traffic control in work areas. Annexes with illustrated examples of traffic control in several road work situations. (60982)

CIS 93-1507 Job safety analysis. National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1992. 30p. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Subjects covered by this training manual: accident prevention; job safety analysis; job selection; separation into steps; hazard identification; hazard control; job safety analysis development and application. Glossary of terms. (61046)

CIS 93-1508 OWAS: A method for the evaluation of postural load during work. Louhevaara V., Suurnäkki T., Centre for Occupational Safety (Finland), Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1992. 23p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 951-801-960-6 (In English)

This training booklet describes the basic version of the OWAS method of postural load evaluation. Chapters cover: load caused by work postures; assessment of postural load in the workplace; observation of work postures; reliability of the OWAS method; action categories of work postures; computer applications; applications of the method and its implementation at the workplace; the OWAS method in research and development. (61035)

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CIS 93-1509 Perceptual workload and visual fatigue in quality control tasks - Study in a bottling plant. (French: Charge perceptive et fatigue visuelle dans le contrôle-qualité - Etude dans un atelier d'embouteillage) Liévin D., François M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1912-150-93, p.63-77. Illus. 26 ref. (In French)

This study, conducted in a bottle-label inspection workshop, was designed to assess the visual fatigue of operators and their perceptual workload by various methods: analysis of operator activity (recording of eye movements with the Nac Eye Mark Recorder), inventory and quantification of the different parameters of the work situation, assessment of visual fatigue, (interviews and accommodation near point measurement). An increase in visual fatigue increased in two groups of operators during the week. Its extent depended on the functional and organisational working conditions on their respective production lines. There were no periods of overload, but there was strong interaction between visual strategies and work requirements. Methodological details are appended. (60898)

CIS 93-1510 Home work. (Spanish: Trabajo a domicilio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Condiciones de trabajo, 1992, No.3, 257p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-350-0 (In Spanish)

Translation of the issue of the ILO "Conditions of Work Digest" devoted to home work (see CIS 90-996). After a description of the nature and extent of home work in both industrialized and developing countries, this issue of the Digest focuses on the types of protection provided in national legislation. Legislative provisions on home work from more than 70 countries are analysed and presented in the form of fact sheets. Examples of provisions on home work included in collective agreements are also given. The current debate on the various issues surrounding home work is analysed. Points of view held by international organisation, national institutions, trade unions and employers' organisations and their proposals for future action are presented. A variety of programmes which aim to improve the socio-economic situation of home-workers are given as examples of national action. New forms of home work, known as "telework", are not covered by this issue. (60974)

CIS 93-1511 Development, use, and availability of a job exposure matrix based on National Hazard Survey Data. Sieber W.K., Sundin D.S., Frazier T.M., Robinson C.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.163-174. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

A job exposure matrix was developed based on potential exposure data collected during the 1972-1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOSH) in the US. The survey sample was representative of all U.S. non-agricultural businesses covered under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and employing eight or more employees. Potential worker exposure to all chemical, physical, or biological agents was recorded during the field survey if certain minimum guidelines for exposure were met. The job exposure matrix (JEM) itself is a computerised database that assists the user in determining potential chemical or physical exposures in occupational settings. The structure and possible uses of the job exposure matrix are presented. In one example, potential occupational exposures to elemental lead were grouped by industry and occupation. In a second example, the matrix was used to determine exposure classifications in a hypothetical case-control study. Present availability as well as future enhancements of the job exposure matrix are described. (60848)

CIS 93-1512 The INRS Research and Study Programme 1993-1997. (French: Le plan Etudes et Recherches 1993-1997 de l'INRS) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1905-150-93, p.5-11. (In French)

Survey of the Research and Study Programme for 1993-1997 (medium-term plan) developed by the INRS (French National Safety Research Institute). The programme was developed in order to meet immediate needs in occupational risk prevention, as well as with a view to prepare the risk prevention tools of the future. Seven main themes are outlined: collective and personal prevention of recognised occupational diseases; collective prevention of occupational accidents; development of tools for the identification and assessment of harmful factors in the workplace; occupational components of health impairment; risks specifically related to new technologies and work organisation patterns; individual factors and changes in the work capacity of employees; assessment of the efficacy of prevention measures and encouragement of risk prevention. (60891)

CIS 93-1513 European standards and standardisation concerning occupational health and safety in the context of the "new approach" - I. General aspects. (French: Normes et normalisation européennes en matière de santé et de sécurité dans le cadre de la "nouvelle approche" - I. Aspects généraux) Lacore J.P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1913-150-93, p.79-86. Illus. (In French)

First of a series of three articles on the new approach to OSH in Europe. Contents: European standards (definition; distinctive nature of the "harmonised standards"; standards and technological progress; different types of provisions contained in the standards; quality of the standards); European standardisation (situation at the end of 1992; three indispensable partners in "health and safety" standardisation; European diversity, a source of enrichment; efficacy of a standardised prevention measure; preparation of experts for their role in the working groups; relationship between research and standardisation; standardisation in a context of regulatory constraints; cooperation with international standardisation). Some thoughts on standardisation in general. Appendix: political and legal bases and organisation of European standardisation in the field of occupational health and safety in the context of the "new approach". (60899)

CIS 93-1514 Canadian dictionary of safety terms. Larr Enterprises, Ram Consulting, Box 9512, Station T, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3V2, Canada, 1987. 313p. 31 ref., ISBN 0-921653-00-X (In English)

This dictionary contains approximately 4,500 safety-related terms and expressions with corresponding definitions. Three broad fields of safety are covered: occupational, transportation and public. A measurement conversion table and a list of acronyms with particular emphasis on Canada and the US are included. (60760)

CIS 93-1515 A safer Canada: Year 2000 Injury Control Objectives for Canada - Proceedings of a national symposium held on May 21-22, 1991, Ramada Renaissance Hotel, Edmonton, Alberta. Saunders L.D., Stewart L.M., University of Alberta Hospitals, Injury Awareness and Prevention Centre, 16003 - 110 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5X 4S1, Canada, 1991. 48, [17]p. Bibl. ref. (In English)

Proceedings of a national symposium held on 21-22 May 1991 (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Reports of the group sessions are included and cover different categories of injuries: home and community; occupational health and safety; sport and recreation; and transportation. A set of recommendations are presented to strengthen injury prevention and control at the national, provincial/territorial and local levels. (60768)

CIS 93-1516 Effects of occupational safety rules and measures with special regard to injuries - Advantages of automatically working solutions. Springfeldt B., The Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Work Science, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, 1993. 127p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Annexes: 28p + 15p. (In English)

This thesis evaluates safety rules and their application to Swedish industry. It is based on five Royal Institute of Technology studies which demonstrate various methods of solving safety problems: farm tractor roll-overs in Sweden; roll-over of tractors - international experiences; explosion injuries caused by tyres and rims; design of bolt guns for better safety; cutting of meat - attitudes to safety problems. The studies show that rules prescribing special safety standards for machinery and equipment are generally more effective than those prescribing supplementary protection. Detailed reports of the five studies are included. (60910)

CIS 93-1517 Productivity and safety at work - Present problems in industry. (Spanish: Productividad y seguridad en el trabajo - Problema actual de la industria) Vásquez Martínez H., Editorial Diana S.A. de C.V., Robero Gayol 1219, 03100 México D.F., Mexico, 1992. 347p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 968-13-2213-4 (In Spanish)

Based on the analysis of occupational accidents, a methodology for the prevention of accidents and the improvement of productivity in enterprises is presented. Theoretical, legal, economic, technological, educational, administrative and occupational aspects of occupational accidents are reviewed. After describing the present state of occupational safety in Mexico and its deficiencies, a new multifactor occupational safety model is presented. The concept of safety in connection with productivity, enterprise management, and factorial analysis is discussed. Safety diagnosis and safety planning, together with a case study from Mexico, are presented. (60981)

CIS 93-1518 Once upon a time... : Testimonials concerning health at and around the factory. (Italian: C'era una volta... : Testimonianze sulla salute dalla fabbrica e dintorni) Beccastrini S., Manti A., Tozzi G.A., USL XV - CID (Centro Informazione e Documentazione per la prevenzione negli ambienti di lavoro e di vita), via Gherzi 50, 16138 Genova, Italy, 1992. 150p. Illus. (In Italian)

Through detailed interviews, this book presents the role and activities of safety delegates in Italy, in particular in the metalworking industry. The text is interspersed with amusing cartoons. Commentary and future trends in the role of safety delegates. (61031)

CIS 93-1519 Occupational injuries and their cost in Canada. (French: Les accidents du travail et leur coût au Canada) Statistics and Analysis Unit, Legislative Development and Liaison, Occupational Safety and Health Branch, Labour Canada, Publications Distribution Centre, Labour Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J2, Canada, 1991. 123, [16]p. (In English, French)

An update of a previous report "Employment injuries and occupational illnesses: 1985-1987" (1990) this report includes statistics covering all jurisdictions in Canada over a 25-year span (1965-1989) to permit a longer statistical perspective. Fatalities are analysed by industry, type of accident, occupation, age, sex, and by industry for occupational diseases. Non-fatal injury statistics, costs and work days lost for work-related injuries and illnesses are presented. A glossary and incidence rate conversion tables are included. (60764)

CIS 93-1520 Canadian work injuries standard - January 1992. Labour Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1992. 120p. Price: CAD 60.00. (In English)

Instructions for coding work injuries using the standards are presented. The four injury standards include: nature of injury; part of the body; source of injury; and type of accident. Also included are standard industrial and occupational codes. (60766)

CIS 93-1521 Methodology for the harmonization of European occupational accident statistics. (French: Méthodologie pour l'harmonisation des statistiques européennes sur les accidents du travail) Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Employment, Industrial relations and Social Affairs, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. 53p. Price: ECU 7.00., ISBN 92-826-4096-5 (esp), ISBN 92-826-4097-3 (dan), ISBN 92-826-4098-1 (deu), ISBN 92-826-4099-X (hel), ISBN 92-826-4100-7 (Eng), ISBN 92-826-4101-5 (fr), ISBN 92-826-4102-3 (ita), ISBN 92-826-4103-1 (ned), ISBN 92-826-4104-X (por) (In Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)

This report gives an appraisal of the study on European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW), which started in January, 1990. The aim of the project was to formulate proposals for the harmonisation of statistics on accidents at work throughout the Community. The first part of the report presents the objectives of harmonisation, the legal background, a summary of existing documentation on the subject, a review of work previously carried out by the Commission, and an overview of the systems currently in operation in each Member State. The latter section indicates what measures will need to be taken in each Member State in order to implement the harmonisation proposals, which are presented towards the end of the report. Details on the way in which data should be transmitted to Eurostat are also given. (60960)

CIS 93-1522 Department of Industrial Health annual report 1992 [Singapore]. Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour, Republic of Singapore, 1992. 84p. (In English)

This report describes the activities of the Singapore Department of Industrial Health in 1992 in the areas of investigation of occupational diseases, medical surveillance, complaints and consultations, industrial hygiene activities, statutory requirements, training and health education, surveys and studies, and organisation and personnel. A list of published papers is included. (60778)

CIS 93-1523 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health - Annual report 1992. Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1993. 52p. Illus. (In English)

Contents: the social and economic context of the Institute and its activities (also presented in Swedish); administration; finances; action programmes; research; services; training and education; information and public relations; international collaboration; international advisory activity; organisation; administrative personnel. (60789)

CIS 93-1524 Labour inspection. (Italian: L'ispezione del lavoro) Zucchetti R., Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1990. xviii, 419p. 7 ref. Price: ITL 64,000., ISBN 88-19-58301-1 (In Italian)

This manual describes the functioning and techniques of labour inspection in Italy. Contents: labour inspection in the international context (ILO involvement, the role and functioning of labour inspectorates, legal aspects of inspection, inspection personnel, training and documentation of inspectors, organisation of inspection visits, behaviour of the inspector, control methods, health and safety inspection, the counselling aspect of inspections); labour inspection in Italy (inspection techniques, preventive aspect of surveillance, sanctions and police involvement, inspectors of the Local Health Units). In the appendix: administrative and judicial forms; ministerial directives concerning inspection; the legal framework of inspection; relevant court decisions. (60943)

CIS 93-1525 Research report - 1991 to 1992. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1993. x, 120p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-644-24552-2 (In English)

Report on 36 OSH-related research projects in Australia during 1991-92 either conducted by Worksafe Australia or supported by it. The projects are grouped by main subject area: occupational back pain; noise-induced hearing loss; management of chemicals used at work; occupational cancer; mechanical equipment injury; national statistics on OSH (electrical fatalities, road fatalities, role of alcohol). For each project, detailed information is given on: background; aims; methods; findings; work in progress; implications for the workplace; reports produced. In the appendix: complete lists of intra- and extramural projects in 1991-92. (61033)

CIS 93-1526 Safety, hygiene and health protection at the workplace: CEEP's point of view on the EEC Commission initiatives. European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation, rue de la Charité 15, Bte 12, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1993. 77p. (In English)

This document contains opinions issued since 1989 by the European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation (CEEP) on the subject of health and safety at work. These concern: the Framework Directive concerning the safety and health of workers; minimum health and safety requirements for the workplace, the use of machinery, the use of individual protective appliances and work with visual display units; protection of workers occupationally exposed to carcinogenic agents and to asbestos; use of limit values for dangerous substances; temporary and mobile worksites; improved medical treatment on board vessels; protection of workers in the extractive industries; safety and health of pregnant women. (60777)

CIS 93-1527 Health and safety: A guide to sources of information. Pantry S., Capital Planning Information Ltd., 52 High Street, St. Martin's, Stamford PE9 2LG, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 1992. 116p. Index. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-906011-81-7 (In English)

Third edition of a manual surveying sources of information in the occupational safety and health (OSH) field in the United Kingdom (for first ed., see CIS 83-1197). Contents: introduction; organisation of OSH information; awareness of legislation at the United Kingdom and the European Communities level; associations, organisations, libraries and information services in OSH; bibliographies, booklists, encyclopaedias, yearbooks and guides; magazines (including secondary sources, e.g. indexing/abstracting services); reports, pamphlets, books and translations; chemical and material safety data sheets; standards; computerised services (with a section on CD-ROMs); audiovisual resources; searching and finding information. In appendix: important addresses. (60779)

CIS 93-1528 Environment and health in nineteenth century America. Two case studies. Corn J.K., Peter Lang Publishing, 62 West 45th Street, New York, NY 10036, USA, 1989. xxi, 308p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.30., ISBN 0-8204-1009-8 (In English)

These two case studies illustrate how the urbanisation and industrialisation processes that occurred in nineteenth century America affected the environment and the health of urban dwellers and workers. One study concerns coal mines and the relationship between growth, a deteriorating environment and the health and safety of coal miners. Underground operations and technological change are described along with the dangers of coal mining (mine gases, dust, explosives, roof falls) and accounts of mine disasters. Health issues discussed include medical knowledge related to coal miners' diseases, social attitudes towards miners' diseases and welfare techniques. Protective labour legislation for miners is also discussed. The second study concerns public health in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the environment and sanitary conditions of the city deteriorated as the city grew. (60782)

CIS 93-1529 Occupational health and safety handbook. Trotman J., The Victorian Congress of Employer Associations, Information Australia, A.C.N. 006 042 173, 45 Flinders Lane, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia, 2nd edition, 1992. xv, 268p. Illus., ISBN 0-949338-92-3 (In English)

This manual is divided into five parts: Part 1 - General information (government authorities; costs and benefits of OHS; understanding Acts, Regulations, Codes and Awards); Part 2 - Requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985 (duties of employers and employees; procedures for dealing with OHS issues; OHS representatives and committees; role of inspectors; for text of the Act, see CIS 88-1751); Part 3 - Specific OHS issues (reporting and recording of accidents and injuries; fire hazards; machine guarding; manual handling; occupational over-use syndrome; noise; asbestos; chemicals; hot working conditions; smoking in the workplace; personal protective equipment; first aid; general facilities; walk-through surveys; OHS training; sick building syndrome and Legionnaires' disease); Part 4 - Related issues (industrial waste, air and water pollution; alcohol in the workplace; AIDS in the workplace; opposition policy on OHS; Part 5 - Directory of OSH products and services. (60790)

CIS 93-1530 Workplace health and safety survey. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, July 1992. 29p. Illus., ISBN 0-477-03505-1 (In English)

This report presents the results of a survey carried out to determine what managers and employees think about safety and health in the typical New Zealand workplace. Survey findings are discussed by industry group: agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water; construction; wholesale and retail trade; restaurants and hotels; transport, storage and communications; business and financial services; community, social and personal services. A change in emphasis from the control of specific hazards to managing risks in relation to work activities is to be noted in the new legislation. It appears that information directed at management is necessary to assist employers to better meet their new legislative duties than they do at present. (60928)

CIS 93-1531 Accident prevention and occupational hygiene: Technical and legal handbook on safety in the work environment. (Italian: Prevenzione degli infortuni del lavoro: Prontuario tecnico-giuridico della sicurezza negli ambienti di lavoro) Santirocco D., Zucchetti R., Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1988. xiii, 578p. Illus. 33 ref. Price: ITL 47,000., ISBN 88-19-95301-3 (In Italian)

Contents of this manual aimed at all those involved in occupational safety and health matters in Italy: the legal framework (survey of the key legislation in the matter, abstracted under CIS 91/351-352, and CIS 91/355-359; other legislation; responsibilities; inspection; appeals; fines); obligatory insurance against occupational accidents and diseases (including notification procedures); buildings and their OSH requirements; electricity and electrical appliances; lighting of work stations; earthing; contributing factors of accidents; atmospheric pollution (including a sample TLV list); explosion-proof electric equipment (discussion of intrinsic safety); machine safety; personal protective equipment; fire prevention; thermal radiation; ionising radiation; accident registers; noise; lightning protection; safety signs and symbols; occupational health and hygiene services; hazard surveys (check lists) and toxicological data sheets; use of statistics; testing and verification of equipment. In appendix: institutions active in OSH matters; list of legislation concerning fire safety, accident prevention and occupational hygiene. (60939)

CIS 93-1532 Safety, work and life. An international view. Thomas H.G., American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2187, USA, 1991. xii, 240p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 30.00 (ASSE members), USD 35.00 (non-members)., ISBN 0-939874-88-1 (In English)

This book presents an approach to safety based on the suggestion that the application of the scientific concepts and strategies developed in the working environment over the years can be successfully applied to other areas of safety work. An introductory chapter outlines historical developments in occupational safety. Parts 1 and 2 describe how safety activity over a long period of time has contributed to making life more human and includes a chapter on international activity in occupational safety, the application and development of international guidelines and extensions to occupational safety work. Part 3 covers the establishment of safety science, aspects of safety management and planning for future safety. (60949)

CIS 93-1533 Activities report 1992-1993. (Dutch: Activiteiten verslag 1992-1993; French: Rapport d'activités 1992-1993) Association nationale pour la prévention des accidents du travail, ANPAT, 88 rue Gachard, Boîte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1993. 24p. Illus. (In Dutch, French)

Review of Belgian safety and health policies in the light of the European Year of Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work. Trends in frequency rates of registered occupational accidents (1970-1990) and statistics by major industrial activity. The activities of ANPAT are described under the following headings: information and documentation; data bases and CD-ROMs, publications, audiovisuals, studies and consultancy, training, financial resources of ANPAT, organisation chart. (60983)

CIS 93-1534 Report of activities 1992. (German: Jahresbericht 1992) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Alte Heerstrasse 111, Postfach 2043, 53757 Sankt Augustin 2, Germany, 1992. 70p. Illus. (In German)

The major fields of BIA's activities involve chemical and biological hazards (dusts, gases, vapours, microorganisms), physical hazards (noise, vibration, radiations), safety engineering (machines and equipment, traffic and transport), personal protection and ergonomics. This report presents the institute's activities under the headings: organisation and general information on the BIA; research; chemical and biological effects; tests and certification; workshops and publications. Several organisation charts are given in the appendix. (60984)

CIS 93-1535 Occupational safety, hygiene and health dictionary - English/Hebrew, Hebrew/English. (Hebrew: Milon lebetichot, gihot veberiot ta'asokatit) Schwartz M., Aladjem A., Ordentlich, [Tel Aviv, Israel], 1992. 69p. + 74p. (In English, Hebrew)

Bilingual dictionary of more than 4,000 terms and expressions used in the field of occupational safety and health. In annex: definitions in Hebrew of ca. 150 terms (some of them translated from the ILO's Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety (3rd ed.), CIS 83-1198, 83-2100); list of abbreviations. (61032)

CIS 93-1536 Work equipment - Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 63p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-886332-0 (In English)

Guidance to the British Regulations abstracted under CIS 93-5. Areas covered: suitability of work equipment; maintenance; specific risks; information and instructions; training; conformity with EEC requirements; dangerous machine parts; protection against specific hazards; extreme temperatures; controls and control systems; stop and emergency stop controls; isolation from energy sources; stability; lighting; maintenance; markings; warnings. In schedule and appendices: relevant EEC Directives; flow chart showing employers' duties in connection with the Regulations; other relevant legislation. (61038)

CIS 93-1537 Occupational health and safety guidelines. World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, Aug. 1988. 230p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This document contains general guidelines for occupational health and safety along with a series of specific guidelines for the industries and pollutants most frequently encountered in the World Bank lending program. Contents: aluminium industry; asbestos; battery manufacturing; cane sugar operations; cement industry; coffee processing; coke oven industry; cotton ginning; dairy industry; electroplating; fish canning; fishermen and shipbuilding workers; foundries; fruit and vegetable canneries; grain handling and milling; irrigation; lead smelting; meat canning; mining; nitric acid plants; pesticides; plywood mills; power plants; pulp and paper industry; PVC processing; rodenticides; sawmills; slaughterhouses; steel plants; sulfuric acid plants; tanneries; tea processing; textiles. (60727)

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CIS 93-1538 Pulmonary function and pleural fibrosis: Quantitative relationships with an integrative index of pleural abnormalities. Lilis R., Miller A., Godbold J., Chan E., Selikoff I.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.145-161. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

A comprehensive integrative assessment of pleural fibrosis was undertaken in order to permit a quantitative study of relationships between pleural fibrosis and pulmonary function. Chest X-rays of 1,584 asbestos insulation workers were examined: 1,875 (75%) had pleural fibrosis. The distribution pattern of the integrative pleural index was different in those with circumscribed (n=975) and those with diffuse (n=197) pleural fibrosis, with a higher profusion of high INDEX values in the latter. A significant inverse relationship was found between forced vital capacity (FVC) and the integrative index of pleural fibrosis in the subgroup with circumscribed pleural fibrosis. In the subgroup with diffuse pleural fibrosis, there was a marked decrement in FVC% predicted; higher values of INDEX did not result in additional significant reductions of FVC. In those with both parenchymal and pleural abnormalities (n=862) the pleural index made a significant contribution to decrements of FVC. Since pleural fibrosis has gradually become the predominant radiologically detectable abnormality in asbestos-exposed workers, establishing its quantifiable functional relevance is useful. (60847)

CIS 93-1539 Indirect fertility analysis in painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers: Sensitivity and specificity. Welch L.S., Plotkin E., Schrader S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.229-240. 27 ref. (In English)

Semen analysis has proven useful in the clinical diagnosis of infertility and is the most widely used method of monitoring the effects of occupational exposure on male fertility. Collection and analysis of semen samples in a field setting, however, is not always feasible. Techniques of monitoring male worker fertility using questionnaires to avoid some of the difficulties of semen analysis have been developed. These methods compare the rate of observed births for wives of workers with expected birth rates derived either from U.S. fertility tables or from unexposed workers. The present study compares the sensitivity of this questionnaire method with that of semen analysis in an evaluation of reproductive function in men exposed to ethylene glycol ethers. The reproductive function of 74 married painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers was compared with that of 51 married controls employed at a shipyard. The groups differed in sperm count, but the questionnaire method showed no effect of exposure on fertility. This analysis suggests that the questionnaire assessment of fertility is less sensitive than semen analysis as a screening tool for male reproductive function. (60850)

CIS 93-1540 Validity of exposure in one job as a surrogate for exposure in a cohort study. Vetter R., Stewart P.A., Dosemeci M., Blair A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.641-651. 25 ref. (In English)

Data from a mortality study of workers employed in 10 formaldehyde-producing or -using plants were used to address how closely several parameters of exposure based on the first, longest, or last job held in a company compared with those based on the worker's entire employment history at the plant. The best predictor for cumulative formaldehyde exposure at the plant was the longest job at that plant, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.70. The correlation with average exposure over the worker's employment was 0.77 for the first job and 0.74 for the longest and last jobs. Peak exposures and highest exposure levels experienced in the plant were more closely related to the first job (r=0.72 and r=0.74). The highest correlation with any of the measures was never with the last job. These findings indicate that the use of a single job as a surrogate for exposure received at a particular worksite can result in misclassification and disease risks. (60868)

CIS 93-1541 Methodology in industrial health studies: Social Security disability data and the medical care system. Mancuso T.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.653-671. 18 ref. (In English)

U.S. Social Security disability data provide a nationally uniform means for the identification of illnesses and diseases that occur prior to death and that are not recorded on death certificates. Data on cohort of employees of an industrial company were processed to identify the disability and death claims that were filed. 1734 claims by white males (1333 persons) and 382 by white females (278 persons) were reviewed. All causes of disability were compared with all causes of death. A high percentage of causes of disability were not recorded or available by death certificate for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) categories of diseases and specific cancer sites. Disability data contribute to the confirmation of the diagnosis for the cancer sites. The development of the methodology linking Social Security and industrial data in epidemiological studies is discussed. (60869)

CIS 93-1542 Ectopic contact dermatitis from ethyl cyanoacrylate instant adhesives. Tomb R.R., Lepoittevin J-P., Durepaire F., Grosshans E., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1993, Vol.28, No.4, p.206-208. 8 ref. (In English)

Although allergic reactions to cyanoacrylates adhesives are extremely rare, they should not be considered impossible. The authors report on the case of a young hairdresser who developed an occupational allergic contact dermatitis to 2 "instant glues" used to attach false hair. The eczematous eruption involved the fingers and face slightly but mainly the eyelids. Patch test reactions were strongly positive to ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesives. (60879)

CIS 93-1543 Occupational contact allergy to unsaturated polyester resin cements. Tarvainen K., Jolanski R., Estlander T., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1993, Vol.28, No.4, p.220-224. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

Six men contracted occupational allergic contact dermatitis from unsaturated polyester (UP) cements. 4 of the men were employed in car repair painting and the remaining 2 in mold manufacturing. The exposure time to UP cements ranged from 6 to 32 years before onset of skin symptoms. All patients had eczema on their hands; in addition, 4 had skin symptoms on airborne areas, i.e., wrists, neck and face. All 6 patients developed allergic reactions when patch tested with UP resin at 0.5-10% in petrolatum (pet.). None of the tested patients reacted to auxiliary or cross-linking chemicals of the cements. Diethylene glycol maleate (DGM) was purified and identified from the UP resin of a cement. 1 patient reacting to UP resin was also patch test positive to DGM and he produced an allergic reaction to DGM down to a concentration of 0.0032% pet. DGM wa found in both uncured and cured UP resin. None of the patients could continue their work with UP cements after their sensitisation. (60880)

CIS 93-1544 Pulmonary function in workers exposed to diesel exhausts: The effect of control measures. Ulfvarson U., Alexandersson R., Dahlqvist M., Ekholm U., Bergström B., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.283-289. 8 ref. (In English)

To assess the protective effect of exhaust pipe filters or respirators on pulmonary function, 15 workers in a tunnel construction site were studied. The total and respirable dust, combustible matter in respirable dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide were measured for each subject during entire work shifts. The effect of the exposure on the lung function variables was measured by dynamic spirometry, carbon monoxide single breath technique, and nitrogen single breath wash-out. The exhaust pipe filtering had a protective effect, directly discernible in the drivers on vital capacity and FEV_1.0 and for the whole group on FEV% and transfer factor. The dust respirators had no effect, probably because of the difficulties in correctly using personal protection under the circumstances in the tunnel. In the absence of a true exposure assessment, control measures for diesel exhaust can be tested by medical effect studies. Catalytic particle filters of diesel exhausts are one method of rendering the emissions less irritant, although they will not remove irritant gases. An indicator of diesel exhaust exposure should include the particle fraction of the diesel exhausts, but a discrimination between different sources of organic dust must be possible. (60962)

CIS 93-1545 Drake Chemical Workers' Health Registry Study: I. Notification and medical surveillance of a group of Workers at high risk of developing bladder cancer. Marsh G.M., Leviton L.C., Talbott E.O., Callahan C., Pavlock D., Hemstreet G., Logue J.N., Fox J., Schulte P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.291-301. 18 ref. (In English)

A medical surveillance programme and epidemiologic study of 408 former workers of the Drake Chemical Company was established in 1986. The Drake Health Registry Study was initiated because these workers had probable past exposures to beta-naphthylamine (BNA), a potent bladder carcinogen. The registry is widely viewed as a model for notification of workers at high risk of bladder cancer. 40 months later, out of the 366 living workers 262 were enrolled in the annual screening for bladder cancer. Among these, 27 persons have had abnormal screening results indicating moderate to high risk of bladder cancer and were made eligible for further diagnostic tests. While no invasive bladder tumors were found among 18 persons completing the extended diagnostic evaluation, two diagnoses of moderate to severe dysplasia were made. The registry has also identified three living and three deceased cases of bladder cancer in the cohort; a mortality analysis showed a 20- to 30-fold excess of bladder cancer. An incidence projection has revealed that between six and ten new bladder cancer cases are likely to occur among the Drake cohort over the next year period. (60963)

CIS 93-1546 Asbestos-related disease in public school custodians. Oliver L.C., Sprince N.L., Greene R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.303-316. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

A cross-sectional prevalence study of 120 public school custodians was carried out. The purposes were 1) to investigate the prevalence of asbestos-related disease in a group of custodians at risk for asbestos exposure in public schools and 2) to determine the proportion with disease attributable to exposures in school buildings. Medical and occupational histories, flow-volume loops, and posterior-anterior, lateral, and anterior oblique (AO) chest radiographs were obtained. Mean age of subjects was 57 years and mean duration of work as a custodian, 27 years. Fifty-seven (47.5%) had no known or likely exposure to asbestos outside of their work as a school custodian (NOE). Pleural plaques (PP) occurred in 40 (33%) of the total group and 12 (21%) of the group with NOE. Pulmonary restriction (FVC < 80% predicted, FEV₁/FEV% ≥70) occurred in 22 (18%) of the total group and 10 (17%) of those with NOE. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations (p<0.05) between both PP and restriction and duration of asbestos exposure. AO radiographs increased PP detection by a factor of 1.9. The results revealed PP prevalence in excess of background an pulmonary restriction in the study population, and indicated that PP were attributable to asbestos in schools. Prudent management of asbestos in buildings is indicated for the prevention of related disease. (60964)

CIS 93-1547 The IARC classification system: Input, internal logic, output and impact. Richter E.D., Goldsmith J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.385-397. 25 ref. (In English)

The IARC Monographs "Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man" condense and classify information on carcinogenic hazards. They serve as a useful basis for the regulation of carcinogenic exposures, but are inadequate in several respects. 1. The monographs reflect only what is reported/published and do not generate support for studies on agents and processes for which information is lacking, partial, or inadequate. 2. Lack of absolute certainty on human carcinogenicity has been used as a basis for deferring regulations or other preventive action to restrict exposures. 3. The monographs ignore high-risk situations which may result from combined or interactive effects, because of their orientation toward specific agents. There is not adequate attention to frequently reported excesses of disease other than cancer in certain occupations with mixed exposures. 4. Control of carcinogenic exposures for workers has been less exacting and consistent than control of exposures for the community at large (water, air, food, and drugs). 5. The gap between knowledge of risks and action to control them is large and calls attention to the need for more aggressive professional input. (60970)

CIS 93-1548 Trends in cancer mortality in industrial countries. Davis D.L., Hoel D., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 21 Nov. 1990, Vol.609, p.i-xi, 1-347. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-89766-643-7 (cloth), ISBN 0-89766-644-5 (paper) (In English)

Proceedings of a workshop organised by the Collegium Ramazzini and the city of Carpi at Carpi, Italy, 21-22 Oct. 1989. The editors point out the similarity of trends for several types of cancer in all of the industrialised countries, for both men and women. The 27 papers deal with methodological problems, important types of cancer (cancers of the lung, brain and breast, myeloma, melanoma, leukaemia); two of them (see following abstracts) focus on cancers of occupational origin, while others make passing mention of workplace factors. (60805)

CIS 93-1549 Decline in death rates among asbestos insulation workers 1967-1986 associated with diminution of work exposure to asbestos. Seidman H., Selikoff I.J., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 21 Nov. 1990, Vol.609, p.300-318. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

The entire membership of the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers on 1 Jan. 1967 (17,800 men) was enrolled in a prospective study of their mortality. Comparison of the data for the periods 1967-72, 1973-79 and 1980-86, during which asbestos exposure declined, showed a corresponding decrease in mortality. There was little time lag between the fall in exposure and the fall in mortality, even among workers exposed for 20 years or more. However, there was no decline in death rates for pleural mesothelioma, and mortality due to peritoneal mesothelioma did not fall among those with 45 years of exposure or more. (60806)

CIS 93-1550 Register epidemiology studies of recent cancer trends in selected workers. Malker H.R., Weiner J.A., McLaughlin J.K., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 21 Nov. 1990, Vol.609, p.322-333. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

Year-by-year data from the National Swedish Cancer Registry was linked to employment data from the 1960 and 1970 national censuses. From 1960 to 1985, the incidence of pleural mesothelioma increased exponentially. Among occupations with 10 or more cases for 1961-1979, plumbers and pipefitters showed an increasing risk with time, while mechanics, electricians and painters did not. The incidence of nasal adenocarcinoma among woodworkers has not decreased, in spite of improvements in the work environment since the 1960s; this probably reflects a long latency period. Squamous cell carcinoma of the arm and hand among physicians did not decrease as much as could be expected from the reduction in radiation exposure achieved over the period of observation. Non-occupational factors may be becoming more important, as skin cancer rates increased for the Swedish population as a whole. (60807)

CIS 93-1551 Cancer mortality in a chemical production plant. (French: La mortalité par cancer dans une entreprise de fabrication de produits chimiques) Estève G., Derriennic F., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.393-400. 13 ref. (In French)

Total mortality and cancer mortality were studied in 1985 in a retrospective cohort of 171 male workers with at least 5yrs spent working in a French chemical plant between 1952 and 1985. There were 19 deaths. Diagnostic causes of deaths were obtained for 17 deaths from hospital or medical records. Standard Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for total mortality (SMR=1.72) and for cancer mortality (SMR=3.33) were significantly higher in the cohort. Significant SMRs were found only for subgroups of exposed production workers. Confounding factors such as age at hire, other occupational exposures before entry into the plant, smoking habits and alcohol consumption did not seem to explain excess of cancer deaths. There were no apparent cluster effects. However, because of a lack of quantitative measures of exposures and imprecise records of potential confounding factors, it was not possible to conclude a causal association. (60808)

CIS 93-1552 Society of Occupational Medicine, Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics of Western France - Meeting of 18-19 October, 1990. (French: Société de médecine du travail, d'hygiène industrielle et d'ergonomie de l'Ouest - Séances des 18 et 19 octobre 1990) Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.424-445. Illus. (In French)

Subjects treated: epilepsy and dangerous work; cardiovascular ageing; a typical immunological response after hepatitis B in a laboratory worker; study of atmospheric concentration of chemicals contained in a new disinfection process not relying on aldehydes; diabetes and occupational health; trends in the reliance on biological tests in occupational medicine; survey on work experience in banking; notification and analysis of occupational diseases in the Loire Valley; reliance on paramedical staff in inter-corporation OSH services; occupational medicine in the rubber industry; role of the occupational physician in noise measurement; workplace survey after an atypical case of silicosis. (60810)

CIS 93-1553 Metabolic polymorphisms and cancer risk - Assessment of epidemiological studies. (Italian: Polimorfismi metabolici e rischi di cancro - Valutazione degli studi epidemiologici) Vineis P., Landi M.T., Caporaso N., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.83, No.86, p.557-575. 117 ref. (In Italian)

Genetic modulation of environmental exposures associated with common malignancies is a possible mechanism to explain differential susceptibility to tobacco or occupation-related carcinogens in the population. The paper reviews the evidence for an association between three genetically based metabolic polymorphisms (N-acetyltransferase, Debrisoquine hydroxylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase), which have been implicated in the modulation of lung or bladder cancer risks. Fair to good support emerged for both an association of the acetylation phenotype with occupationally related bladder cancer and for an association of the debrisoquine metabolic phenotype with lung cancer, although in neither case was the evidence completely convincing. Epidemiological evidence for an association between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and lung cancer is presently problematic because of the difficulties in the assay and subsequent confounding factors. (60833)

CIS 93-1554 Testicular cancer in young men and parental occupational exposure. Kardaun J.W.P.F., Hayes R.B., Pottern L.M., Brown L.M., Hoover R.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.219-227. 16 ref. (In English)

To investigate whether parental occupation, especially during the 12-month period before birth, could be responsible for elevated rates of testicular cancer in young men, data from a case-control study of 223 cases and 212 controls conducted in the Washington, DC area were analysed. For all histologic types of testicular cancer combined, no significant associations were found for specific occupations, nor for the broad occupational categories of professional, other white collar, or blue collar workers. However, for cases with seminomas, excess risks were seen for those with parents employed in the following occupations: mothers in health-related occupations, O.R.=4.6 (1.1-19.1), and fathers working in automobile service stations, O.R.=4.0 (0.6-24.5), manufacturing industries, O.R.=2.2 (1.0-4.2), and aircraft production and maintenance, O.R.=5.3 (0.7-24.1). Although these findings for seminoma are intriguing, they do not explain the increase of testicular cancer in young men. (60849)

CIS 93-1555 Contact dermatitis dielectric fluids in electrodischarge machining. Goh C.L., Ho S.F., Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1993, Vol.28, No.3, p.134-138. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

An outbreak of irritant contact dermatitis is reported in the aerospace industry from electrodischarge machining (EDM). Twenty workers doing EDM developed irritant contact dermatitis from the dielectric fluid used in EDM, a form of precision metal-machining that is widely used in mould-making and precision engineering. Dielectric fluid contains hydrocarbons that are aromatic, paraffinic or naphthenic and are skin irritants. Irritant contact dermatitis from dielectric fluid has not been reported previously. EDM will become more widespread and occupational dermatitis from dielectric fluid is likely to become more prevalent in the future. This experience shows that irritant contact dermatitis from dielectric fluid can be prevented by simple preventive measures such as personal hygiene and health education. (60853)

CIS 93-1556 Asbestos fiber type in malignant mesothelioma: An analytical scanning electron microscopic study of 94 cases. Roggli V.L., Pratt P.C., Brody A.R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.605-614. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

Analysis of the types of asbestos fibres recovered from lung parenchyma obtained at autopsy or surgical resection in more than 90 cases of malignant mesothelioma in the United States. An analytical scanning electron microscope was used. Almost half of the patients were former asbestos insulators or shipyard workers. Amosite asbestos was identified in 81% of the cases and accounted for 58% of all fibres 5µm or greater in length. Tremolite/actinolite/anthophyllite were identified in 55% of the cases and accounted for 10% of all fibre types. Chrysotile was identified in 21% of the cases and accounted for 3% of fibres exceeding 5µm in length. Crocidolite was found in 16% of the cases and accounted for 3% of fibres exceeding 5µm in length. The findings in this study are at odds with the assertion that crocidolite asbestos is responsible for most mesotheliomas in the United States. (60865)

CIS 93-1557 Mortality of professional chemists in England and Wales, 1965-1989. Hunter W.J., Henman B.A., Bartlett D.M., Le Geyt I.P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.615-627. 52 ref. (In English)

Several studies on the mortality of chemists have revealed a lower overall mortality but an excess of deaths from certain diseases, in particular, cancers. This study determined the causes of mortality of 4,012 chemists among 14,884 members of the Royal Society of Chemistry who were followed for a period of 25 years. The results demonstrated consistency with other studies. There was an overall low mortality rate, with fewer deaths than expected from cancers, but an excess mortality from lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers, in particular leukaemias. There was an excess of deaths from certain gastrointestinal cancers. There was reduced mortality from respiratory diseases, including lung cancers, and from cardiovascular disease. New findings reported in this study are increased mortality from cancers of the duodenum and kidney, certain skin cancers, mental disorders, and diseases of the nervous system. (60866)

CIS 93-1558 A case-control study of multiple myeloma and occupation. Demers P.A., Vaughan T.L., Koepsell T.D., Lyon J.L., Swanson G.M., Greenberg R.S., Weiss N.S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.629-639. 32 ref. (In English)

This study investigates the relationship between multiple myeloma and employment in various occupations and industries. Interviews were obtained from 89% (692) of eligible incident cases and 83% (1683) of eligible controls. An elevated risk was observed among persons ever employed as painters [odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-3.6], particularly for those employed for 10 or more years. A small excess risk was observed among agricultural workers employed for 10 or more years, with a higher relative risk observed among farm laborers (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0-4.0). Among agricultural workers who reported having been highly exposed to pesticides, the OR was 5.2 (95% CI=1.6-21.1). Some evidence was also found to support an association with firefighting and employment in the petroleum- and coal-products manufacturing industries. Little evidence was found to support the previously noted association with wood exposure, and no evidence for an association with employment in the rubber or petroleum refining industries was found. (60867)

CIS 93-1559 Benign pleural disease due to asbestos - Clinical picture and prognosis and medico-legal aspects. (Italian: Le pleuropatie benigne da amianto - Significato clinico prognostico ed aspetti medico legali) Chiappino G., Pierucci G., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.244-248. 18 ref. (In Italian)

Because of the significant decrease in the incidence of asbestosis, benign pleural disease due to asbestos is the only medical condition attributable to asbestos exposure in many subjects. Symptoms of this disease range from minor manifestations without functional impairment to manifestations associated with proven functional damage due directly to or as a consequence of as yet undiagnosed parenchymal asbestosis. In assessing individual cases from a medico-legal viewpoint, benign pleural disease must always be considered as a morbid manifestation of asbestos exposure. The implications for prognosis and insurance purposes must, however, take account of various factors such as internal dose, whenever detectable, time elapsed since beginning of exposure, presence and extent of functional damage. The tendency of assessing pleural disease merely as an indicator of past asbestos exposure should in any case be abandoned. (60953)

CIS 93-1560 Occupation and the occurrence of testicular cancer. Van Den Eeden S.K., Weiss N.S., Strader C.H., Daling J.R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.327-337. 26 ref. (In English)

To investigate what role a man's occupation may have on his risk of testicular cancer, a case-control study was conducted among white males who were between 20 and 69 years of age and resided in western Washington State. Cases were men in whom a germ cell tumor of the testis was diagnosed between 1977 and 1984 (n=323). Their occupational histories were compared to those of controls of the same age, race, and geographic area who were selected through random-digit dialing (n=658). Administrators/managers (relative risk (RR)=1.5), salesmen (RR=1.5), electricians (RR=2.8), and sailors and fishermen (RR=3.1) were among the jobs reported more commonly by cases than controls. The risk among farmers/farm managers was also elevated (RR=1.9), but not that among farm workers (RR=0.6). No consistent association between any one occupation and testicular cancer was observed across studies of this topic. The most frequent observation has been an over-representation among cases of certain types of white collar worker; this may reflect the influence of some other aspect of socioeconomic status and not occupational exposures per se. (60966)

CIS 93-1561 Radiological features of asbestos-related visceral pleural changes. Solomon A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.339-355. Illus. 49 ref. (In English)

The radiological manifestations of asbestos-related visceral pleural changes are described. Generally, visceral pleural reactions follow the response of mesothelial cells to various harmful substances, including asbestos, and even saline. The changes are nonspecific. They may occur subsequent to pleural reactions associated with many conditions such as tuberculosis, viral pleurisy, malignancy and lymphoma, lupus, rheumatoid-induced effusions, cardiac failure, and pulmonary embolism. The failure to absorb the fibrinous exudate on the visceral pleural surface can lead to the development of diffuse fibrosis of the serosal surface, interlobar pleural thickening, localised pleural filaments (strands), subpleural wedge, and lenticular-shaped masses, and could be the forerunner of lobular atelectasis (pseudotumour) formation. Some of the features are visible on posteroanterior chest radiographs and in computed scans. (60967)

CIS 93-1562 Discovery in medicine - chance or science? The case of woodworkers' nasal cancer. Macbeth R.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.379-383. 4 ref. (In English)

The relative roles of chance and scientific observation in medical discovery are discussed. The emergence of ethmoidal adenocarcinoma as an industrial disease among makers of wooden furniture in an English area is related. Regular monitoring clinics held in factories are then justified. (60969)

CIS 93-1563 Principles and methods of health surveillance in the working environment. (Italian: Principi e metodi della sorveglianza sanitaria negli ambienti di lavoro) Saia B., Bartolucci G.B., de Rosa E., Battista G., Abbritti G., Franchini I., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.289-295. (In Italian)

A survey of the legal and institutional framework for health surveillance in the Italian workplace. The roles of the "competent physician", of local health authorities and of universities are discussed in detail. (60958)

CIS 93-1564 Occupational health in the 1990s - Developing a platform for disease prevention. Landrigan P.J., Selikoff I.J., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 29 Dec. 1989, Vol.572, p.1-296. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Proceedings of a conference held by the New York Academy of Sciences on 21-23 Jan. 1988 in Washington, D.C., USA. Contents: occupational diseases - nature and extent; workplace regulation and disease prevention; right to know and disease prevention; worksite inspection and disease prevention; workers' compensation, litigation and the prevention of occupational disease. Contributors came from government agencies, academia, trade unions and non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations. (60791)

CIS 93-1565 Workers' compensation cost shifting: An empirical study. Zwerling C., Ryan J., Orav E.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.317-325. 8 ref. (In English)

It has been suggested that health maintenance organisations (HMOs) overdiagnose work-related injuries and illnesses to increase their income. This study compared the Workers' Compensation experience of 2,176 Boston postal employees enrolled in a large HMO with that of 3,473 employees enrolled in a large fee-for-service health insurance plan. It controlled for the potential confounders of age, gender, job classification, type of injury, and duration of employment. It found no difference in the incidence of injuries: 5.95% for HMO enrollees and 6.25% for fee-for-service plan enrollees. Medical costs averaged USD 475 for HMO enrollees and USD 838 for fee-for-service plan enrollees (p=0.018). Total costs averaged USD 909 for HMO enrollees and USD 1,388 for fee-for-service plan enrollees (p=0.063). In this cohort, there was no evidence of cost shifting. It appeared that the HMO provided less expensive medical care for injured postal workers. (60965)

CIS 93-1566 The management of occupational health services for healthcare staff. Health Services Advisory Committee, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 16p. 31 ref. Price: GBP 4.50., ISBN 0-11-882127-X (In English)

These guidelines update and replace "Guidelines on occupational health services in the health service" (see CIS 85-1740). Contents: operational policy and organisation of an occupational health service; consultative procedures; confidentiality; liaison with other organisations; functions (risk assessment, preventive programmes and health education, health assessment, health screening and surveillance); obtaining supplementary medical information; rehabilitation and the health care of employees with disabilities; first aid; treatment; information and reports; staffing; record keeping; accommodation and equipment. Appendices include a pre-employment health form and a model assessment report. (60947)

CIS 93-1567 Biological exposure indices - Basic principles. (French: Indicateurs biologiques d'exposition - Principes de base) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1908-150-93, p.35-38. (In French)

This data sheet describes the general framework for the implementation of biological exposure indices (BEIs), the meaning of biological indices, the objectives of biological monitoring, sampling and analytical methods and the interpretation of the results. It explains briefly how BEIs are determined and updated. A table of reference values is under study, based on the technical, toxicological and epidemiological data obtained in France or published in the international literature. (60894)

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CIS 93-1568 Lung function, bronchial reactivity, atopic status, and dust exposure in Lancashire cotton mill operatives. Fishwick D., Fletcher A.M., Pickering A.C., Niven R.M., Faragher E.B., American Review of Respiratory Disease, May 1992, Vol.145, No.5, p.1103-1108. 25 ref. (In English)

Of 645 cotton mill workers responding to a respiratory questionnaire, 23 had byssinosis and 62 were non-byssinotic symptomatic (NBS). All byssinotic, 56 NBS, and 84 matched asymptomatic workers underwent pulmonary function testing, skin testing to common allergens, and histamine bronchial challenge. Cotton dust concentrations were assessed, and an exposure index calculated for each individual. Byssinotic, NBS, and asymptomatic workers all had reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV). Only byssinotic subjects had evidence of impaired forced vital capacity (FVC). Eighteen of 23 byssinotic workers had bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), compared to 21 of 56 NBS and 14 of 84 asymptomatics. The distribution of atopy did not differ significantly between groups, and lung function did not differ significantly between atopic and non-atopic subjects. The cumulative cotton dust exposure index was the only dust parameter to be significantly greater in those with BHR than those with normal reactivity. (60745)

CIS 93-1569 Carpal-tunnel syndrome: Role of occupation. Delgrosso I., Boillat M.A., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.4, p.267-270. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

A study of 21 patients in a hospital in Switzerland who underwent surgery for carpal-tunnel syndrome revealed that the majority were women performing manual work. Heterozygous serum alpha₁-antitrypsin phenotypes were more frequent among these cases than among the Swiss general population. An inventory of the incidence of carpal-tunnel syndrome in Switzerland between June 1988 and May 1989 yielded 188 cases, 66.2% of which were in women. A questionnaire survey, in which 65 of the cases and matching controls participated, disclosed that the syndrome was closely connected with work requiring frequent movement of the wrist or use of vibrating tools. (60844)

CIS 93-1570 Cross-sectional study on the health status of traffic wardens exposed to urban air pollution. (Italian: Indagine epidemiologica sulle condizioni di salute dei vigili urbani di Milano in rapporto all'inquinamento da traffico veicolare) Biava P.M., Audisio R., Centonze A., Barbieri A., Bisanti L., Duca G., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.249-258. 30 ref. (In Italian)

An investigation on the health effects of occupational exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and environmental pollutants was carried out on traffic wardens in Milan (Italy). Randomised samples of 292 traffic wardens and 60 controls underwent a physical examination and laboratory tests. No significant difference was observed between the exposed and control groups as regards general morbidity, apart from musculo-skeletal disorders in females. The mean blood lead level (PbB) among traffic wardens was 15.2µg/dL compared with 11.7 in controls (p<0.01). The carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (COHb) in traffic wardens decreased from 2.8% (smokers) and 1.2% (non-smokers) at the beginning of the shift to 4.3% (smokers) and 2.5% (non-smokers) (p<0.01) at the end of the shift. PbB was significantly correlated (r=0.17) with Median Nerve Motor Conduction Velocity (NCV) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (r=-0.24) in the exposed group. COHb was significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol (r=-0.20) in the exposed group. It is questionable whether very low PbB levels can affect NCV and SBP directly or rather whether PbB, as well as COHb, should be regarded as tracers of exposure to those urban pollutants leading also to cardiovascular and nervous disorders. (60954)

CIS 93-1571 An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters. Beaumont J.J., Chu G.S.T., Jones J.R., Schenker M.B., Singleton J.A., Piantanida L.G., Reiterman M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.357-372. Illus. 61 ref. (In English)

To test the hypothesis that firefighter exposures may increase cancer risk, mortality rates were calculated for 3,066 San Francisco Fire Department firefighters employed between 1940 and 1970. Vital status was ascertained through 1982, and observed and expected rates, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using United States death rates for comparison. The total number deceased (1,186) was less than expected and there were fewer cancer deaths than expected. However, there were significant excess numbers of deaths from oesophageal cancer (12 observed, 6 expected), cirrhosis and other liver diseases (59 observed, 26 expected), and accidental falls (21 observed, 11 expected). There were 24 line-of-duty deaths, which were primarily due to vehicular injury, falls, and asphyxiation. Heart disease and respiratory disease deaths occurred significantly less often than expected. It was concluded that the increased risks of death from oesophageal cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases may have been due to firefighter exposures, alcohol consumption, or interaction between alcohol and exposures. Because this was an older cohort and firefighter exposures have changed due to the increasing use of synthetic materials, it is recommended that the effects of modern-day exposures be further studied. (60968)

CIS 93-1572 Osteoarthritis of the hip - An occupational disease in farmers. Croft P., Coggon D., Cruddas M., Cooper C., British Medical Journal, 16 May 1992, Vol.304, No.6837, p.1269-1272. 20 ref. (In English)

To test the hypothesis that farmers are at a high risk of hip osteoarthritis and to investigate possible causes for such a hazard, a cross sectional survey of five rural general practices was made. The subjects were 167 male farmers aged 60-76 and 83 controls from mainly sedentary jobs. The results showed that prevalence of hip osteoarthritis was higher in farmers than in controls and especially in those who had farmed for over 10 years (odds ratio = 9.3, 95% confidence interval 1.9-44.5). The excess could not be attributed to any one type of farming, and heavy lifting seems to be the likely explanation. (60742)

CIS 93-1573 The occurrence of farm-environmental injuries in a Swedish municipality. Schelp L., Accident Analysis and Prevention, Apr. 1992, Vol.24, No.2, p.161-166. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

The objectives of the present baseline study were to investigate work-related and non work-related injuries in farm environments. 364 or 10% of all injuries in the study area occurred within farm environments. 174 (48%) of these were classified as work-related and 190 (52%) as home injuries. Most of the cases of farming injuries occurred during repair and maintenance work, animal care, and machine and vehicle use. The dominant types of injuries were falls, crushes, and eye injuries. Home injuries on farms accounted for 22% of all home injuries in the study area. Fourteen percent of these involved people who were not living on farms. Child injuries occurred in the home as well as in the work environment. (60750)

CIS 93-1574 Smoking, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary function among a population of Hispanic farmworkers. Gamsky T.E., Schenker M.B., McCurdy S.A., Samuels S.J., Chest, May 1992, Vol.101, No.5, p.1361-1368. Illus. 50 ref. (In English)

Hispanic Californian farmworkers were evaluated for the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, smoking status, and pulmonary function. The prevalences of current, former, and never-smokers (29, 17, and 54%, respectively) were comparable to rates in other studies of Hispanics, but daily cigarette consumption was lower than in comparison populations. Prevalences of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and persistent wheeze were low (1.6, 5.1, and 2.8%, respectively). Current smoking, increased age, female sex, and working eight months per year or more in agriculture were associated with increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Adjusted lung function was higher than for reference populations. Lower respiratory symptom prevalences and higher pulmonary function are consistent with lower daily cigarette consumption and the healthy worker effect. (60751)

CIS 93-1575 Efficacy of personal prevention measures in metal exposure control in welders. (Italian: Efficacia delle misure di prevenzione personale nel contenimiento della esposizione a metalli dei saldatori) Carrer P., Maroni M., Farulla A., Simonazzi S., Iachetta R., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.83, No.86, p.587-595. Illus. 23 ref. (In Italian)

Biological monitoring of welders employed in a power plant showed urinary nickel levels largely exceeding the reference values (Ni-U welders mean=43.2, S.D.=22.1µg/24 h; Ni-U reference values mean=2.7, S.D.=1.4µg/24 h). Subsequently urinary excretion levels of other metals (Cr, Zn, fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Pb) were measured for a more complete assessment of occupational exposure of these subjects; only aluminium and lead were found to slightly exceed the reference values and correlate with urinary nickel levels. As a consequence of these results, some adjustments in personal prevention measures were introduced at the workplace; the subsequent biological monitoring checks showed a progressive reduction in urinary nickel excretion levels over time in all welders. (60834)

CIS 93-1576 Personal protective equipment in construction. Tonge M., Industrial Safety Data File, Apr. 1993, p.I:13:1-I:13:4. 2 ref. (In English)

Following the introduction in Britain of the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-6), the Health and Safety Executive has issued an information pack on personal protective equipment (PPE) in the construction industry. This article describes the content of the pack: it provides advice and information on legal requirements, duties of employers and employees, types of PPE available (information sheets per type of PPE) and the risks they protect against, the importance of training and the care, use and storage of PPE. (60797)

CIS 93-1577 Exposure of hospital operating room personnel to potentially harmful environmental agents. Sass-Kortsak A.M., Pudham J.T., Bozek P.R., Murphy J.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.203-209. 13 ref. (In English)

This study was undertaken to quantify exposure of operating room (OR) personnel to anaesthetic agents, X-radiation, methyl methacrylate, and ethylene oxide and to determine how exposure varies with different operating room factors. Exposures of anaesthetists and nurses to these agents were determined in selected operating rooms over three consecutive days. Each subject was asked to wear an X-radiation dosimeter for one month. Exposure to anaesthetic agents was found to be influenced by the age of the OR facility, type of surgical service, number of procedures carried out during the day, type of anaesthetic circuitry, and method of anaesthesia delivery. Anaesthetists were found to have significantly greater exposures than OR nurses. Exposure of OR personnel to ethylene oxide, methyl methacrylate, and x-ray radiation were well within existing standards. Exposure of anaesthetists and nurses to anaesthetic agents, at times, was in excess of Ontario (Canada) exposure guidelines, despite improvements in the control of anaesthetic pollution. (60735)

CIS 93-1578 Developments in the darkroom: A cross-sectional study of sickness absence, work-related symptoms and environmental monitoring of darkroom technicians in a hospital in Glasgow. Ide C.W., Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.43, No.1, p.27-31. 15 ref. (In English)

Nine female technicians using both manual and automatic photography processing methods were matched by age, sex and smoking habits with controls. All were interviewed using a questionnaire about symptoms experienced during the day in question and the preceding month. Sickness absence information was obtained, and there was an occupational hygiene evaluation of the working environment. The technicians had similar numbers of episodes of sickness absence to the controls (23 versus 24, respectively) but had many more days of absence attributed to sickness (204 versus 41). The total number of "monthly" symptoms experienced by the technicians was greater than the controls (11 versus 30) as was the number of "daily" complaints (26 versus 6). In all cases, respiratory symptoms were responsible for about one-third of problems, but the differences were not statistically significant. Occupational hygiene results were all within normal limits. (60871)

CIS 93-1579 Universal Exhibition - Sevilla 92: A joint effort for occupational safety and health. (Spanish: Exposición universal - Sevilla 92: Un frente común en seguridad e higiene en el trabajo) Arias García M., Salud y trabajo, 1992, No.93, p.4-6. Illus. (In Spanish)

Summary of the occupational safety and health measures taken by National and local agencies, enterprises, occupational safety and health centres and trade unions during the organisation of the Universal Exhibition in Seville (Spain), 1992. Special attention was given to safety measures in construction and occupational safety and health training. (60998)

CIS 93-1580 Activities of the Labour Department of the Autonomous Region of Catalonia in the Barcelona area in connection with the 1992 Olympic Games. (Spanish: Actuaciones del Departament de Treball de la Generalitat de Catalunya en obras en el ámbito territorial de Barcelona para las Olimpiadas 1992) Llanos Gea L., Salud y trabajo, 1992, No.93, p.7-12. (In Spanish)

Occupational safety and health measures taken during the construction of the Olympic Games site in Barcelona (Spain), 1992, are reviewed. The methodology of the various actions taken, involving the creation of an occupational safety and health follow-up group and of safety brigades, is presented. Accident rates and causes are also analysed. (60999)

CIS 93-1581 Pregnant women at work: Sociodemographic perspectives. Moss N., Carver K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.541-557. 36 ref. (In English)

The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, a stratified random sample of 9,953 live births, showed that women who worked during pregnancy were more likely to be white, married, of higher income and education, to have medical insurance, and of lower parity than nonemployed pregnant women (p<.0001). They began prenatal care earlier, were less likely to smoke, and were more likely to state that the birth was wanted (p<.0001). Similar trends were seen for full-time as compared to part-time workers. Women employed as precision production workers, operators/fabricators, or in service occupations were disadvantaged with regard to sociodemographic and behavioural risks for pregnancy outcomes relative to women in professional and managerial occupations. Black race, parity, body mass index, and smoking, but not employment, were associated with low birth weight when gestational age was controlled. The effects of stress and its buffers, paternal characteristics, physical activity, and toxic exposures, both in and out of the workplace, should be considered, as should the normative and social policy context. (60861)

CIS 93-1582 Work in pregnancy. Chamberlain G.V., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.559-575. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Pregnant women in the western world are increasing their share in paid employment. There are two distinct areas of possible influence of employment on the foetus: work with its physical effort might affect respiratory and metabolic acid-base balance, and specific teratogens related to activity at work may be encountered and act at nodal points during foetal growth at specific times, causing congenital abnormalities of organs. Potential hazards under chemical, physical, and biological headings are considered, while both the psychological and physical effect of energy expenditure are discussed. Possible measures of outcome are assessed and three recently published studies from the U.S. and U.K. are examined to show the difficulties of making valid measurements about the effect of work on the pregnancy, as well as that of pregnancy on the work. (60862)

CIS 93-1583 Offshore safety research and development programme. Project handbook 1992. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. xviii, 150p. Index. Price: GBP 17.50., ISBN 0-11-882147-4 (In English)

This handbook provides information on 225 projects currently in progress or recently completed by the Offshore Safety Division of the Health and Safety Executive. A similar handbook was published in 1992 (see CIS 92-1176). Projects are grouped into sections according to programme area (oceanography, foundations and piling, risk and reliability, etc.). Information provided for each project includes: contractor, status, completion year, cost, objectives, background, project officers. An index of keywords is included. (60951)

CIS 93-1584 Hazards and danger in office work: Workplaces, lighting, microclimate, noise, installations, fire protection, VDU work. (Italian: Nocività e pericolosità negli uffici: locali di lavoro, illuminazione, microclima, rumorosità, impiantistica, antincendio, lavoro ai videoterminali) Zucchetti R., Buffetti Editore, Via Sud Africa 29, 00144 Roma, Italy, 1991. xv, 267p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: ITL 33,000., ISBN 88-19-74400-7 (In Italian)

This manual, written by a labour inspector and taking into account recent development within the EEC, covers all the major aspects of safety and health in the office environment. Contents: basic requirements of workplaces (microclimate, lighting, layout, underground and windowless rooms, hygienic and welfare facilities, new workplaces); electrical safety (including newly installed equipment and earthing); lightning protection of buildings; machine safety; fire prevention and protection; noise (measurement and control); safety of VDU work (introduction to the use of VDUs, VDU work in detail, the psychology of VDU work, check lists for the choice of equipment, EEC standards); portable ladders; first aid; personal protection; warning signs; accident notification. In appendix: international instruments (Directive for the Efficient Functioning of a Safety Department, Resolution 1976-1 of the Council of Europe; ILO Convention 120 concerning occupational hygiene in commercial establishments and offices; EEC Council Directive concerning safety and health in VDU operations (CIS 90-1069). (60940)

CIS 93-1585 The work environment. Volume 2. Healthcare, laboratories and biosafety. Hansen D.J., Lewis Pubishers Inc., 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, Michigan 48118, USA, 1993. xii, 351p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 44.00., ISBN 0-87371-392-3 (In English)

This manual discusses occupational hazards which may be encountered by laboratory or healthcare workers. Contents: laboratory and clinical environments (the laboratory safety standard; working with biohazards; research laboratory ventilation systems); healthcare provider exposures (occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, HBV and HIV; resurgence and control of tuberculosis; occupational health hazards in the dental office); laboratory spills and medical waste disposal; glossary. Appendices include the texts of relevant standards and recommendations. (60944)

CIS 93-1586 Forest contractor's safety manual. Alberta Logging Association, #202, 10916 - 97th Avenue, Grande Prairie, Alberta T8V 3J8, Canada, 1992. 132p. Illus. (In English)

Safety principles on areas of responsibility, protective equipment, emergency procedures, employee training and certification, as well as safe work practices, are outlined for managers, supervisors, employees, and sub-contractors in the logging industry. (60769)

CIS 93-1587 Coal mining. Zabetakis M.G., Phillips L.D., National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1977. 29p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

Overview of coal mining, with special emphasis on its safety. Contents: origin and nature of coal; mining operations (planning a mine, surface and underground mining, hazards); processing of coal; transportation and storage; uses of coal. Glossary of terms. (61041)

CIS 93-1588 Safety pays in the catering industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1993. 4p. 12 ref. (In English)

This information sheet outlines measures to prevent accidents and financial loss in catering premises. Information is provided on a Health and Safety in Catering Liaison Committee established to communicate information and guidance throughout the industry and on new Health and Safety at Work Regulations which came into force on 1 January 1993 and which include a number of requirements dealing specifically with hazards in the catering industry. The enforcement of these Regulations and the priorities for the catering industry are discussed along with the need for effective health and safety management and risk assessment procedures. (60946)

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CIS 93-1589 Defor: A new tool for analysing the behaviour of electronic devices in faults conditions. (French: Un nouvel outil d'aide à l'analyse du comportement des dispositifs électroniques en présence de défauts: Defor) Vigneron J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1910-150-93, p.47-54. Illus. 5 ref. (In French)

To ensure that the safety functions of an electronic device are performed, all possible means must be used throughout its life cycle (from specifications right through to operation) to minimise design faults and to detect malfunctions. Physical fault simulation is a practical approach to a posteriori validation of the efficacy of the methods used. It reinforces the a priori theoretical modelling methods. General remarks on the design stages of an electronic system and on fault simulation and description of an automatic testing tool, its possibilities and its limitations. (60896)

CIS 93-1590 Telework. (Spanish: Trabajo a distancia) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Condiciones de trabajo, 1992, No.4, 276p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-351-9 (In Spanish)

Translation of the issue of the ILO "Conditions of work Digest" devoted to telework (see CIS 91-166). Composed of three main parts, it presents an extensive overview on the issue. An introduction examines the extent of telework, the reasons for its introduction and its implications for workers, employers and communities. It introduces occupational, geographical and sectoral distribution of telework and provides information on legal status of teleworkers, their working conditions, and the potential of telework to assist the disabled and other special categories of workers. This part also reports on the positions of workers' and employers' organisations regarding telework. A second part contains 57 case descriptions of telework practice, including initiatives of public authorities and enterprise experiences. An annotated bibliography with over 150 entries shows how the debate on telework has developed in the past 10 years. (60975)

CIS 93-1591 The changing face of the workplace. Banister E.W., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Jan. 1992, Vol.9, No.1, p.37-52. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

The paper examines potential ways the office and manufacturing plant environment will change in response to new technology, particularly in communication, information and computer-aided operations. It is argued that successful businesses will continually incorporate new technologies and expect a flexible, enthusiastic workforce to continually upgrade their skills and education in order to remain productive. In return, the workplace will become more inviting, providing employees with both a wide variety of facilities (daycare, education, medical, dental, counselling, recreational, etc.) and by careful work scheduling in order for employees to enjoy them. Business and industry must recognise that to attract and retain skilled, industrious, and adaptable employees a greater number of facilities must be provided at work to facilitate their health, happiness, and on-going education. (60755)

CIS 93-1592 Job characteristics and mental and physical well-being experienced by the operators of CNC, FMS and conventional machine tools. Seppälä P., Tuominen E., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Jan. 1992, Vol.9, No.1, p.25-35. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

Job characteristics and physical and mental strain experienced by the operators of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) as well as the users of conventional technology were studied in nine engineering companies. Data were collected by job analyses, interviews and questionnaires. In spite of the different levels of technology, the responses generally did not reveal great differences in work demands and mental and physical well-being at work. However, the employees working with AMT experienced their job as more challenging, interesting and variable. Furthermore, environmental working conditions were assessed to be more convenient in advanced systems than in conventional workplaces. (60756)

CIS 93-1593 Health hazards from new technologies. (German: Gesundheitsgefahren durch neue Technologien) Industriegewerkschaft Bau-Steine-Erden, Postfach 10 11 44, Bockenheimer Landstrasse 73-77, 60325 Frankfurt am Main 1, Germany, May 1991. 242p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

Papers presented at a conference organised by the German construction workers' union at Bochum, Germany, 28 Apr. 1990. Working groups dealt with health, technological and environmental aspects of asbestos removal, decontamination of polluted soils, recycling of construction materials and workplace chemicals. Themes common to two or more of these areas are protective equipment, waste disposal and information dissemination. (61061)

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CIS 93-1594 Particulate filter against Diesel soot. (German: Partikelfilter contra Dieselruss) Unfall-Stop - Mitteilungsblatt der Grosshandels- und Lagerei-Berufsgenossenschaft, Sep. 1991, No.5, p.4-6. Illus. (In German)

A filter for the removal of soot from the exhausts of industrial trucks, such as fork-lift trucks, is described. It is composed of three ceramic filter-sets housed in a steel casing. For additional conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust a precious metal catalyst-coated version is available. The filter is regenerated usually after 8 hours by burning the collected soot. It is connected to the 220V mains for this purpose. (60728)

CIS 93-1595 Design and evaluation of a solid sampler for the monitoring of airborne 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and its prepolymers in two-component spray painting. Huynh C.K., Vu-Duc T., Savolainen H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.157-162. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

An active, solvent-free solid sampler was developed for the collection of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) aerosol and prepolymers. The applicability of the sampling and analytical procedure was validated with a test chamber, constructed for the dynamic generation of HDI aerosol and prepolymers in commercial two-component spray paints used in car refinishing. Results showed that this solvent-free technique can conveniently and advantageously replace the liquid impinger technique for the sampling of HDI and its prepolymers in the work atmosphere. Manipulations after sampling are reduced with the described setup procedure and make the determinations of HDI and prepolymers more accurate, simple, and rapid. The impregnation technique of the glass fibre filter is better controlled than that of trapping in a solution of reagent. The absorption capacity is effective up to the range of 10 times the threshold limit value (TLV) of HDI. (60731)

CIS 93-1596 Man-made mineral fibers and lung cancer - An hypothesis. Pezerat H., Guignard J., Cherrie J.W., Toxicology and Industrial Health, 1992, Vol.8, Nos.1-2, p.77-87. 38 ref. (In English)

Epidemiological data have revealed significant lung cancer excesses among workers exposed to some types of man-made mineral fibres (MMMF), but inhalation experiments on rats have failed to reveal the origin of these excesses. Some of these materials, however, are able, in aqueous media, to exhibit surface oxidising properties after reduction of oxygen by a radical pathway. Tests have been carried out with 12 MMMF samples collected without prior knowledge of their origin, to determine their oxidising surface activity in relation to their divalent iron content. Only fibres obtained from factories where excesses of lung cancer were observed are classified as active in an oxidative process and, consequently, probably toxic in biological media. An hypothesis is proposed of a causal relationship between these oxidising properties and the ability of the materials to induce lung cancer. (60746)

CIS 93-1597 Tampering with dust samples in coal mines (again). Weeks J.L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.141-144. 6 ref. (In English)

Editorial written by an occupational health and safety officer of the labour union United Mine Workers of America. It deals with the problem of falsification of dust samples taken in underground coal mines in the US for submission to the US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Falsification methods included the removal of dust from dust sampling cassettes and the taking of samples outside the mines. The practice seems to be widespread, despite the heavy penalties it can lead to. In addition to its adverse health effects on miners because of the resulting higher exposure to respirable dust, the practice may also result in biased epidemiological research results, as dust samples have been used in such research. The main conclusion is that responsibility for sampling for dust in mines should be removed from the operators, and entrusted to a government agency. (60846)

CIS 93-1598 An investigation into the relationship between coal workers' pneumoconiosis and dust exposure in U.S. coal miners. Attfield M.D., Morring K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1992, Vol.53, No.8, p.486-492. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

The National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (NSCWP) is a continuing epidemiologic study of the respiratory health of US coal miners. Using data from the study, prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) was related to indexes of dust exposure obtained from research and compliance sampling data. Clear relationships between prevalences of both simple CWP and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and estimated dust exposure were seen. Additional effects associated with carbon content and age were also seen. Analysis showed that 2-12% of miners exposed to a 2mg/m³ dust environment in bituminous coal mines would be expected to have Cat. 2 or greater CWP after a 40-yr working life; PMF would be expected for 1.3%-16.7%. The risks for anthracite miners are greater. These results are somewhat greater than some recent findings for British coal miners. (60874)

CIS 93-1599 Use of fluidizing bed aerosol generators to establish a dust mixture of two substances at a fixed ratio for inhalation toxicity studies. Shiotsuka R.N., Kutzman R.S., Firriolo J.M., Drew R.T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1992, Vol.53, No.8, p.510-513. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

A method was developed to use two fluidising bed generators to deliver a mixture of 1mg cobalt + 15mg tungsten carbide/m³ to an inhalation exposure chamber with the output from the cobalt generator split to provide the same cobalt concentration to a cobalt-only chamber. To provide a more uniform delivery of material and to minimise the amount of starting dust needed, a subsystem that produced timed bursts of compressed air was used to prevent the accumulation of dust along the aerosol transport tubes. The addition of an electrostatic precipitator placed in the exhaust lines reduced the amount of dust delivered to the high-efficiency particulate air filters, thereby reducing the number of filter changes. (60875)

CIS 93-1600 Airborne glass fiber concentrations during installation of residential insulation. Jacob T.R., Hadley J.G., Bender J.R., Eastes W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1992, Vol.53, No.8, p.519-523. 22 ref. (In English)

In an effort to better characterise airborne fibre levels and types associated with the installation of residential insulation, airborne fibre concentrations were measured during the installation of several insulation products. Sample collection and fibre counting procedures followed NIOSH Method 7400 with some modifications. The arithmetic mean concentration of total airborne fibres during installation of batt-type insulation was 0.22f/cm³ (95% c.l.=0.18-0.27f/cm³). Significantly, approx. 20% were respirable glass fibres. For applications of blowing wool, the total airborne fibre concentrations were higher, with means of 1.0f/cm³ (0.9-1.1) or 2.1f/cm³ (1.5-2.7), depending on the product type. Glass fibres were 0.7f/cm³ (0.6-0.8) or 1.7f/cm³ (1.2-2.5) and respirable glass fibres were 0.3f/cm³ (0.2-0.4) or 0.8f/cm³ (0.5-1.3). Similar to the batt installation results, only 20-40% of the total airborne fibres were respirable glass fibres. The night after installation of the insulation was complete, the airborne fibre concentrations dropped to the levels measured before the insulation work began. (60876)

CIS 93-1601 Insulating materials made of man-made mineral fibres - Dust levels and risk prevention measures during installation. (French: Matériaux isolants formés de fibres minérales artificielles - Niveaux d'empoussièrement et mesures de prévention lors de la pose) Kauffer E., Barat F., Certin J.F., Laureillard J., Vigneron J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1907-150-93, p.25-33. Illus. 35 ref. Appendice. (In French)

Results of concentration measurements made in France from 1978 to 1991 to evaluate fibre exposure during the installation of materials made of man-made mineral fibres in the building and manufacturing industries. The highest fibre concentrations were recorded during coating operations, particularly during the spraying of loose mineral wool (more than 1 fibre/cm³). An appendix describes the preventive measures recommended to combat this hazard. (60893)

CIS 93-1602 Products made of asbestos cement and environmental risks: A review of the available data. (Italian: Prodotti in cemento-amianto e rischi ambientali: una rassegna dei dati disponibili) Cecchetti G., Marconi A., Benvenuti F., Ciccarelli C., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1990, Vol.2, No.3, p.33-54. 63 ref. (In Italian)

A review of recent information on the polluting potential of asbestos fibres during the production and use of articles made of asbestos cement. High fibre concentrations can be found in the air of places where installation, maintenance or demolition of articles containing asbestos cement is taking place. On the other hand, once asbestos cement is installed, there is no danger of asbestos fibre release. There is also a slight risk of asbestos release from roofs due to weathering. (60987)

CIS 93-1603 Urinary excretion of unmetabolised benzene as an indicator of benzene exposure. Ghittori S., Fiorentino M.L., Maestri L., Cordioli G., Imbriani M., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Mar. 1993, Vol.38, No.3, p.233-243. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

Benzene concentrations in urine samples from 110 workers exposed to benzene in chemical plants and gasoline pumps and from 40 non-exposed subjects (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) were determined using gas chromatography. In the non-exposed subjects, mean values of benzene concentration in smokers and non-smokers were significantly different as was the difference between exposed subjects and non-exposed non-smoking subjects. Examination of workers at the beginning of the work shift indicated a progressive buildup of benzene in the body over the working week. Results indicate that the urinary level of benzene is an indicator of occupational exposure to benzene. (60722)

CIS 93-1604 Inhalation of diethylamine - Acute nasal effects and subjective response. Lundqvist G.R., Yamagiwa M., Pedersen O.F., Nielsen G.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.181-185. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

Adult volunteers were exposed to 25ppm (75mg/m³) diethylamine in a climate chamber for 15min in order to study the acute nasal reactions to an exposure equivalent to the present threshold limit value short-term exposure limit. Changes in nasal volume and nasal resistance were measured by acoustic rhinometry and by rhinomanometry. Acute change in nasal volume, usually seen as acute nasal mucosa response to thermal stimuli, was not observed, nor was an acute change in nasal airway resistance. In a subsequent experiment, the aim was to measure acute sensory effects. Exposure to a concentration increasing from 0 to 12ppm took place for 60min, equal to an average concentration of 10ppm (30mg/m³). A moderate to strong olfactory response and distinct nasal and eye irritation were observed. In spite of considerable individual variation, the results were in agreement with sensory effect estimates obtained from animal studies. (60733)

CIS 93-1605 Cobalt exposure in a carbide tip grinding process. Stebbins A.I., Horstman S.W., Daniell W.E., Atallah R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.186-192. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

A company producing carbide tip saw blades for the woodworking industry was investigated. Cobalt exposure was characterised by ambient air monitoring, particle size determination, and biological monitoring. Area sampling for cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten indicated low ambient air levels in all manufacturing areas except the grinding department, which had cobalt air levels approaching the threshold limit value of 0.05mg/m³. Area airborne cobalt exposure levels measured over six shifts in the grinding department ranged from 0.017 to 0.12mg/m³ for the total collection method and 0.002 to 0.028mg/m³ for the method collecting respirable particles. Cobalt content in the total and respirable fractions was similar. Urine monitoring indicated production workers have elevated cobalt levels, and the grinders' levels were higher than other production workers. The grinding coolant was found to have elevated cobalt concentrations. A survey of coolants from nine carbide grinding shops indicated that the elevated cobalt concentrations may be common. (60734)

CIS 93-1606 Limitations of ambient air quality standards in evaluating indoor environments. Peterson J.E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.216-220. 29 ref. (In English)

Analysis of the kinds of data used for the derivation of ambient air quality standards (AAQSs) for carbon monoxide and ozone shows that these values are based on the toxicology of the materials and thus are suitable for evaluating potential health effects of indoor environments, especially on the very young, the aged, and the infirm. A similar analysis shows that the AAQSs for suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide are strictly empirical and that they should not be used for any but their first, intended purpose. The AAQSs for non-methane hydrocarbons are based on photochemical smog production, not injury of any kind, and have no utility for indoor environment evaluation. (60737)

CIS 93-1607 Evaluation of the sensory irritation test for the assessment of occupational health risk. Bos P.M.J., Zwart A., Reuzel P.G.J., Bragt P.C., Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.423-450. 84 ref. (In English)

A sensory irritation test has been developed based on trigeminal nerve stimulation in the nasal mucosa of rodents which results in reduced respiratory frequency. The RD₅₀, the concentration inducing a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate, was proposed for the assessment of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Intra- and inter-species differences were inconsistent. Other effects (pulmonary irritation, toxicity) may interfere with trigeminal nerve stimulation. The effects of mixed and repeated exposures (the occurrence of "sensitisation" and "(cross-)tolerance") are evaluated. Severe toxicity was observed in animals exposed below the RD₅₀ for some compounds. A quantitative evaluation with respect to human data was not possible. The suitability of the test for OEL assessment is doubted. The best purpose will be as an upper range-finding study for subacute or chronic toxicity experiments. (60739)

CIS 93-1608 Human exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and risk of cancer. Johnson E.S., Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.451-463. 121 ref. (In English)

Most of the evidence for the carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans has centred around whether or not it causes malignant lymphomas (ML) and soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). A critical review of the literature indicates that the evidence does not support a causal role for TCDD in the aetiology of ML. For STS, the evidence does not specifically incriminate TCDD either, although there is room for doubt. Cancer of other sites, particularly of the respiratory system and thyroid, which were found to be statistically significantly in excess in both of the two largest studies of combined cohorts of occupationally exposed workers, were identified as candidate tumours for which a possible aetiological role of TCDD might need investigation in future studies. (60743)

CIS 93-1609 Occupational asthma caused by a hardener containing an aliphatic and a cycloaliphatic diamine. Aleva R.M., Aalbers R., Koëter G.H., De Monchy J.G.R., American Review of Respiratory Disease, May 1992, Vol.145, No.5, p.1217-1218. 16 ref. (In English)

An otherwise healthy 44 year-old man experienced a serious attack of bronchial obstruction after working with resins and hardeners that released fumes of a mixture of an aliphatic and a cycloaliphatic diamine hardener. Eight hours after deliberate challenge with the hardener a large increase of airway resistance was found. Seventy-two hours after challenge, eosinophils was seen. After cessation of contact with this hardener, no more acute episodes occurred, although maintenance treatment with a topical corticosteroid and a β₂-agonist remained necessary. A BAL performed one year later showed a normal cell distribution. The results suggest that these aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diamine hardeners may be occupational hazards. Eosinophil inflammation may play a causal role. (60744)

CIS 93-1610 Assessment of occupational health risk from multiple exposure - Review of industrial solvent interaction and implication for biological monitoring of exposure. Tardif R., Goyal R., Brodeur J., Toxicology and Industrial Health, 1992, Vol.8, Nos.1-2, p.37-52. 58 ref. (In English)

This review is a critical survey and evaluation of recent literature on solvent interactions for the assessment of health risk. It addresses the implications of multiple solvent exposures by: (1) examining the influence of solvent-solvent and ethanol-solvent interactions on the biological indices of chemical exposure, and (2) indicating how the eventual modifying effects can be considered in the biological monitoring of mixed exposure. Reviewed studies reveal the effects of toxicokinetic interactions on the biological parameters, and the gaps in our knowledge. The measurement of potentially toxic molecular species is suggested for the biological monitoring of multiple chemical exposure. This approach appears to be important for drawing better quantitative conclusions on the internal exposure to biologically active chemical species. Finally, research needs arising from the critical analysis of the literature are briefly described. (60747)

CIS 93-1611 Neurobehavioral and neuroendocrine effects of occupational exposure to perchloroethylene. Ferroni C., Selis L., Mutti A., Folli D., Bergamaschi E., Franchini I., Neurotoxicology, Spring 1992, Vol.13, No.1, p.243-247. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

The hypothesis that long-term low-level exposure to perchloroethylene (PERC) may impair the dopaminergic control of prolactin (PRL) secretion and negatively affect neurobehavioural performance, was tested in 60 female dry-cleaning workers exposed to PERC and 30 controls recruited in a cleaning plant not using solvents. PERC air concentration during four-hour random periods varied from 1 to 67ppm (median 15ppm). PERC blood levels ranged from 12 to 864mg/L (median 145mg/L). A set of perceptual-motor performance tests was administered. During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, PERC-exposed workers showed increased serum PRL (12.1 ± 6.7ng/mL) as compared to the controls (7.4 ± 3.1ng/mL, p<0.001). Prolonged reaction times were also observed in all tests. However, neither the duration of exposure nor air and blood PERC concentrations were significantly correlated with performance. Nor were exposure variables associated with the increased PRL levels. (60753)

CIS 93-1612 Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (BAEPs) in lead-exposed workers. Discalzi G.L., Capellaro F., Bottalo L., Fabbro D., Mocellini A., Neurotoxicology, Spring 1992, Vol.13, No.1, p.207-209. 6 ref. (In English)

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 49 lead-exposed workers, and in an equal number controls never exposed to neurotoxic substances. The mean duration of lead exposure was 7.4yrs (Standard Deviation (SD) 5.6). An averaged lead blood level (PbB) was based on the levels of the three previous years (PbBm). Blood lead concentration was analysed in the morning of the experimental day (PbBc). Interpeak latency differences (IPLD) I-V, I-III, and III-V were considered. The mean PbBc level was 54.6µg/dL (SD 16.1) while the mean PbBm level was 53.5µg/dL (SD 15.9). Lead exposed workers showed a significant prolongation of IPLDs. IPLD I-V was longer in the subgroup with PbBm >50µg/dL (4.06 versus 3.98, CI 95% 0.00-0.16). These results are consistent with literature data and show that BAEPs may be a sensitive detector of subclinical lead effects on brainstem auditory pathways. (60754)

CIS 93-1613 Glycidyloxy compounds used in epoxy resins - A toxicology review. Gardiner T.H., Waechter J.M., Wiedow M.A., Solomon W.T., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Apr. 1992, Vol.15, No.2, Part 2, p.S1-S77. Approx. 300 ref. (In English)

Although extensive toxicological data are available on glycidyloxy compounds, use and understanding of the data have been hampered by two major problems: (1) proper identification and complexity of the epoxy systems in question; and (2) absence of meaningful classification of epoxy materials. This paper provides a classification scheme with CAS numbers and reviews published and proprietary information on the mammalian toxicology of the most common glycidyloxy derivatives used in epoxy resins. Although the toxicity of many glycidyloxy compounds can be characterised as low, the diversity of compounds found within this group precludes broad generalisations for the class. (60758)

CIS 93-1614 Occupational exposure to glutaraldehyde in tropical climates. Mwaniki D.L., Guthua S.W., Lancet, 12 Dec. 1992, Vol.340, No.8833, p.1476-1477. 8 ref. (In English)

This letter reports cases of adverse reactions to glutaraldehyde fumes among workers in an outpatient clinic in Nairobi (Kenya). The glutaraldehyde, used for instrument decontamination and housekeeping, was left in an open vessel in locations with limited ventilation. The reactions probably corresponded to development of hypersensitivity to glutaraldehyde. There is a need for manufacturers to provide precautionary information on the volatile nature of glutaraldehyde, especially in warm climates, and the possible toxicity of its fumes. (60775)

CIS 93-1615 Occupational asthma in radiographers. Cullinan P., Hayes J., Cannon J., Madan I., Heap D., Newman Taylor A., Lancet, 12 Dec. 1992, Vol.340, No.8833, p.1477. 5 ref. (In English)

This letter reports two cases of work-related asthma in radiographers, each case attributable to a different agent. Tests on one patient revealed an asthmatic response on exposure to glutaraldehyde, a hardener used during developing, while tests on the other showed adverse reactions to fixative chemicals. Although it is likely that, under the best conditions, concentrations of glutaraldehyde in radiographic departments are below the occupational exposure standard, higher levels may occur during maintenance or where ventilation is inadequate. Concern about respiratory disease has been expressed within the radiography profession. (60776)

CIS 93-1616 Lead in the 1990s - "New" regulations for the "oldest" of environmental toxins. (Italian: Il piombo negli anni 90 - "Nuove" regole per il più "vecchio" dei tossici ambientali?) Apostoli P., Alessio L., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.83, No.86, p.539-556. 135 ref. (In Italian)

With the introduction of strict lead-control legislation, blood lead (PbB) levels have been falling worldwide, to about 30µg/100mL in exposed workers and to below 10µg/100mL in the general population in industrialised countries. However, there is growing evidence that even low levels of Pb exposure can have harmful health effects. In particular, there is no threshold below which no such effects have been noted on haeme, on the central nervous system and on blood pressure. After a survey of current legislative practices in the US, the EEC and Japan, this article explores the possibility of further reducing exposure, either through reduction of exposure limits or by improving technical prevention. (60832)

CIS 93-1617 Tobacco smoking in the workplace - Letter of the Minister of Health addressed to the social partners in order to achieve a useful collaboration against the health hazard created by tobacco smoking. (Italian: Il fumo di tabacco negli ambiente di lavoro: lettera del Ministero della Sanità ... alle forze sociali per una proficua collaborazione contro i danni da fumo di tabacco) De Lorenzo F., Prevenzione oggi, Apr.-June 1990, Vol.2, No.2, p.4-8. 1 ref. (In Italian)

Letter by the Italian Minister of Health addressed to the social partners (employers and workers) and aimed at the encouragement of smoking cessation in the workplace. Relevant statistics on deaths attributable to smoking (WHO), proportion of smokers in the population (ISTAT) and opinions regarding smoking and how it may be discouraged (EEC) are given. (60838)

CIS 93-1618 An epidemiological study of cancer risk among workers exposed to ethylene oxide using hemoglobin adducts to validate environmental exposure assessments. Hagmar L., Welinder H., Lindén K., Attewell R., Osterman-Golkar S., Törnqvist M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.4, p.271-277. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

Cancer morbidity was investigated in a cohort of 2,170 ethylene oxide (EO)-exposed workers from 2 plants producing disposable medical equipment. The subjects had been employed for at least 1 year during the periods 1970-1985 and 1964-1985, respectively. The exposure to EO was assessed for each of six job categories in the plants with respect to each calendar year, on which basis values for individual cumulative exposure to EO (ppm-years) were calculated. The levels of hydroxyethyl adducts to N-terminal valine (HOEtVal) in haemoglobin fitted well with the values estimated for airborne exposure to EO. No increased cancer incidence was found (standardised morbidity ratio (SMR), 0.78; 95% CI, 0.49-1.21). No leukaemia was observed, but one case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one case of myeloma, and one case of polycythaemia vera were diagnosed as compared with two expected haematopoietic and lymphatic tumours (SMR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.32-4.5). No stomach cancer was detected as compared with the 0.5 case expected. There were no significant exposure-response associations between estimates of exposures to EO and cancer morbidity. (60845)

CIS 93-1619 Percutaneous absorption of [14C]chlordane from soil. Wester R.C., Maibach H.C., Sedik L., Melendres J., Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Apr. 1992, Vol.35, No.4, p.269-277. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

Whereas less than 0.1% of radioactively labelled chlordane (a widely used termite control agent) traversed human cadaver skin in diffusion cells, about 4% of the applied dose appeared in the urine of rhesus monkeys. In both in-vitro and in vivo-experiments, soil containing 67ppm chlordane was held in contact with the skin for 24h, after which retention in the soil and adhesion to the skin were determined. Radioactivity in the cadaver skin and in the receptor fluid was measured immediately after exposure; urinary excretion of radioactivity was followed for six days, by which time it had returned to baseline levels. Several soap-and-water washes were necessary to decontaminate the skin of the monkeys. The limitations of data obtained by in-vitro methods and the retention of pesticides by the skin should be kept in mind in attempts to estimate exposure from contaminated soil. (60877)

CIS 93-1620 Chromium, nickel and cobalt contents of some Australian cements. Tandon R., Aarts B., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1993, Vol.28, No.4, p.201-205. 17 ref. (In English)

The total chromium, nickel and cobalt concentrations of 8 Australian Portland cements ranged from 49 to 99µg/g, 5 to 54µg/g and ≤1 to 13µg/g, respectively. The water-soluble chromate concentrations of the cements ranged from 0.2 to 8.1µg/g, and the sodium sulfate-extractable chromates form 1.4 to 9.7µg/g. Results for water-soluble nickel (≤0.2µg/g) and cobalt (≤0.05µg/g) indicate that the metals are present only as water-insoluble compounds. The significance of the various data is considered from a dermatological point of view. Cement extracts for the analysis of water-soluble hexavalent chromium (chromates) are stable for at least 12 days. The optimum extraction time for hexavalent chromium in cement appears to be 1h. Almost 100% reduction of hexavalent chromium is possible after 1h using 100 x the stoichiometric value of iron (II) sulfate. The chromates can become gradually insolubilised when the solution from the water added is in direct contact with the cement, i.e., over a period of >60min to 7 days, even without the addition of iron (II) sulfate. (60878)

CIS 93-1621 Definitions and classifications of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and teratogenesis used by national and international agencies. (Italian: Definizioni e allocazioni di cancerogenesi, mutagenesi e teratogenesi da parte di alcune agenzie ed istituzioni nazionali ed internazionali) Mucci N., Rossi L., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.211-243. 11 ref. (In Italian)

Classifications of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and teratogenesis used by the National Toxicological Advisory Committee in Italy (CCTN), the Commission of the European Communities (CEC), the Environmental Protection Agency in the USA (EPA), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the National Toxicology Programme in the USA (NTP) are examined and commented on, with a synopsis of several allocations made by the above organisations. However, the authors consider it advisable to redefine the categories and create five categories of substances (designated C1 to C5), on the basis of given definitions, with the aim of rendering the allocations comparable. This procedure is used solely for carcinogenesis and excludes the NTP. From such comparison, good agreement was found between CCTN and EPA and between CCTN and CEC, whereas agreement between IARC and other organisations was poor. In annex: comparative table of classification of approx. 600 substances by CCTN, CEC, EPA, IARC and NTP; table of classification using the suggested new categories for approx. 200 substances based on information provided by CCTN, CEC, EPA and IARC. (60952)

CIS 93-1622 Exposure to solvents and late onset epilepsy: Two clinical cases. (Italian: Esposizione a solventi ed epilessia tardiva - Due casi clinici) Bernardini P., Scoppetta C., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.266-273. 15 ref. (In Italian)

Two case-studies of late-onset epilepsy appearing in painters with heavy past exposure to organic solvents. Neither of the painters had shown any previous neurological symptoms or any other effects of exposure to solvents. Analysis of these cases and of the literature seems to support the hypothesis of a non-casual association between solvent exposure and epilepsy. (60955)

CIS 93-1623 Comparative sampling of hydrogen fluoride with passive and active samplers. Kalinić A., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.274-277. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

The efficacy of two passive samplers was compared with the current NIOSH analytical procedure for determining ambient levels of HFl involving sample collection in a bubbler or an impinger with 0.1M NaOH. One of the passive samplers (AREAL/EPA) is better suited for measuring worker exposure and gives a better correlation with the reference method than does the other (IMROH). (60956)

CIS 93-1624 International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) - Useful tool for the improvement of workers' safety and health. (Spanish: Las Fichas Internacionales de Seguridad Química (FISQ) - Herramienta útil en la mejora de la seguridad y de la salud de los trabajadores) Huici Montagud A., Salud y trabajo, 1992, No.93, p.24-27. Illus. (In Spanish)

The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) project is presented. This project has been developed in the framework of the collaboration between the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the Commission of the European Communities (CEC), following directives 91/155/EEC (CIS 93-1425) and 88/379/EEC (CIS 91-21). ICSCs summarise essential health and safety information chemicals, using a pre-selected set of standard phrases. The preparation process of ICSCs, in which 14 scientific institutions from 11 countries participate, is explained. (61000)

CIS 93-1625 Chemical safety. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 1993, Vol.3, No.1, 28p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This issue is devoted almost entirely to a survey of chemical safety in the workplace, with special emphasis on the African experience. Contents: Chemical safety - A key issue in occupational health (Rantanen J.); Chemicals and cancer: Identified occupational carcinogens (Vainio H.); Sources of chemical information (Jauhiainen M.); a report on the First Pan-African Conference on Occupational Health; Establishment of a chemical register for Zimbabwe: Problems and benefits (Chikonyora M., Chitemerere R.C.); Assessment of workers' knowledge of chemical safety symbols: Case study in Ethiopia (Berhanu B.). There is also an article on hearing conservation in a Nigerian auto assembly plant (Oleru U.G., Ijaduola G.T.A., Sowho E.E.). (61039)

CIS 93-1626 The pathogenesis of organophosphate polyneuropathy. Lotti M., Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.465-487. Illus. 221 ref. (In English)

This literature review describes the characteristics and discusses the pathogenesis of a rare toxicity to central and peripheral nervous systems caused by organophosphorus compounds (OPs, known as organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) or neuropathy (OPIDN). Only data subsequent to 1982 are reviewed. The focus is on OPIDP pathogenesis, particularly on the recent knowledge gained concerning the biochemical properties of the putative molecular target for OPIDP, known as neuropathy target esterase or neuropathy target enzyme (NTE). The discussion is oriented towards understanding how NTE is affected both in vitro and in vivo by neuropathic OPs and what biochemical and physiological consequences are correlated with such interactions. Certain practical exploitations of these mechanistic studies, such as OPIDP risk assessment and biomonitoring, are also mentioned. (60738)

CIS 93-1627 A probability model for assessing exposure among respirator wearers - Part I. Description of the model. Nicas M., Spear R.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1992, Vol.53, No.7, p.411-418. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

The basic respirator equation states that the contaminant level inside a respirator (C_l) is the product of the contaminant level outside the respirator (C_o) and the decimal fraction penetration (P). A probability model based on this relation accounts for between-wearer and within-wearer variability in both C_o levels and P values. The assumptions underlying the model are consistent with current knowledge about the variability in C_o levels and P values. The model provides the basis for assessing the probability of over-exposure to acute toxicants and to chronic toxicants among a respirator-wearing population. (60829)

CIS 93-1628 Sources of indoor contaminants - Characterizing emissions and health impacts. Tucker W.G., Leaderer B.P., Molhave L., Cain W.S., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 30 Apr. 1992, Vol.641, x, 327p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-89766-715-8 (cloth), ISBN 0-89766-716-6 (paper) (In English)

Proceedings of a conference held in New Haven (CT, USA), 22-24 October 1990. Papers include: lessons from field studies (personal and indoor exposures to environmental pollutants; sick building syndrome; risk assessment of acute health and comfort effects of indoor air pollution); chemical and physical characterisation (characterising material sources and sinks; combustion sources; modelling indoor concentrations and exposure; sampling and analytical issues; material and product evaluation); assessing irritation (sensory irritation and its relation to indoor air pollution; eye, nose and respiratory tract irritation); assessing odour and neurobehavioural responses. (60932)

CIS 93-1629 Chemical and toxicological data on the principal organophosphorus pesticides and a proposal for methods for medical surveillance methods and the biological monitoring of workers exposed in agriculture. (Italian: Inquadramento chimico-tossicologico dei principali pesticidi organofosforici e proposta di metodiche per la sorveglianza sanitaria ed il controllo biologico dei lavoratori esposti in agricoltura) Scarselli R., Palmi S., Paolucci V., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1990, Vol.2, No.3, p.65-84. 14 ref. (In Italian)

The use of biological indicators capable of monitoring the exposure of farm workers to organophosphorus pesticides is considered for the purpose of evaluating the risk of even limited exposure. The compounds are classified according to the presence of alkyl or phenolic groups and of sulfur, extrapolated from the list of Presidential Decree No.233/88 and the subsequent Ministerial Decree No.258 of August 2nd 1990, implementing relevant EEC directives. Data are presented in tabular format: type of substance (with major pesticides named); toxicological classification; toxic effects; recommended surveillance methods (biological indicators of exposure and effect, tests to be administered at the first medical exam and during periodic visits). (60989)

CIS 93-1630 Preclinical neurophysiological signs of parkinsonism in occupational manganese exposure. Wennberg A., Hagman M., Johansson L., Neurotoxicology, Spring 1992, Vol.13, No.1, p.271-274. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

To study the effects from low-level manganese exposure, 30 men at a steel smelting works and 60 non-exposed reference subjects were neurophysiologically examined using: electroencephalogramme (EEG); brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP); event-related auditory evoked potential (AEP) using the P300 component; and diadochokinesometry. No group differences concerning EEG or BAEP were found. Diadochokinesis was slower and there was a tendency towards prolonged P300 latency in the exposed group as compared to the controls. These effects may be interpreted as early (subclinical) signs of disturbances of the same type as parkinsonism. (60752)

CIS 93-1631 DDT and related compounds and risk of pancreatic cancer. Garabrant D.H., Held J., Langholz B., Peters J.M., Mack T.M., Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 20 May 1992, Vol.84, No.10, p.764-771. 44 ref. (In English)

To identify risk factors for pancreatic cancer, a nested case-control study of chemical manufacturing workers was conducted using 28 verified cases of pancreatic cancer and 112 matched controls. DDT was associated with pancreatic cancer (risk ratio (RR) for ever exposed compared with never exposed = 4.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-17.6). Among subjects who had a mean exposure to DDT of 47 months, the risk was 7.4 times that among subjects with no exposure. Two DDT derivatives, Ethylan and DDD, were additionally associated with pancreatic cancer (RR = 5.0 and 4.3, respectively). Smoking was identified as an independent risk factor, but controlling for it (and other potential confounders) in the analyses did not appreciably alter the risks seen for DDT, DDD, or Ethylan. These results may indicate that DDT can cause pancreatic cancer in humans under circumstances of heavy and prolonged exposure. (60741)

CIS 93-1632 Risks of exposure to isocyanates in the production and processing of polyurethane foam (Note I: Hygienic and environmental problems connected with production, technology and environmental improvement). (Italian: Il rischio da esposizione ad isocianati nella produzione e lavorazione di poliuretani espansi (nota I: problemi igienico-ambientali connessi con la tecnologia di produzione e bonifica ambientale)) Benvenuti F., Conte C., Giambattistelli S., Lupini M.A., Sernia S., Prevenzione oggi, Apr.-June 1990, Vol.2, No.2, p.10-19. Illus. 7 ref. (In Italian)

This paper deals with problems posed by isocyanate pollution in polyurethane foam production plants with special reference to the technical and engineering aspects of the air-cleaning equipment. The results of environmental surveys demonstrate the need to install adequately sized aspirators, in function of the particular distribution of pollution sources connected with the production process. (60839)

CIS 93-1633 Risks of exposure to isocyanates in the production and processing of polyurethane foam (Note II: Hygienic and environmental aspects connected with finishing operations). (Italian: Il rischio da esposizione ad isocianati nella produzione e lavorazione di poliuterani espansi (nota II: aspetti igienico-ambientali connessi con le operazioni di finitura)) Benvenuti F., Conte C., Forte U., Marchiori A., Monaco E., Sernia S., Prevenzione oggi, Apr.-June 1990, Vol.2, No.2, p.22-33. Illus. 10 ref. (In Italian)

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of the risk of exposure to free isocyanates during finishing operations involving polyurethane foam, to identify possible technical improvements in cutting operations, and to verify their effectiveness. Environmental sampling of isocyanate fumes was carried out by air suction and scrubbing. Samples of synthetic resin dusts were taken by air suction and filtering through micropore membrane filters. As regards the processing of rigid foams, free isocyanates are released into the atmosphere during cutting operations. Significant quantities of respirable dust are also produced. The result is a two-phase system composed of particles and isocyanate fumes. The toxicological characteristics of such a system are completely different from those of the two separate components. Hence the need to provide polyurethane finishing workshops with emission removal systems, and in particular to install aspirators and other air-cleaning equipment in the cutting zone. (60840)

CIS 93-1634 The dangers of filling station forecourts. Broughton C.M., Safety and Health Practitioner, Nov. 1992, Vol.10, No.11, p.12-15. Illus. (In English)

Following a fatal accident during routine pressure testing of a tank, a review of procedures was carried out at Ferranti International to investigate exposure to petroleum vapour, carbon monoxide and oxygen deficiency. Tests showed that there can be a significant petroleum vapour levels within manhole chambers and as a result a safe system of work in these areas was developed. A schematic of the working procedure is presented along with a manhole working check list. These work practices are now standard procedure for the member companies of the Association of Forecourt Systems Contractors. (60950)

CIS 93-1635 Environmental pollution in a rubber accelerator production plant. (Italian: L'inquinamento ambientale in un impianto di produzione di acceleranti per gomma) Benvenuti F., Ciccarelli C., Salerno A., Moccaldi R., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1990, Vol.2, No.3, p.17-31. Illus. 9 ref. (In Italian)

This study was carried out at a plant for the production of rubber accelerators. It concentrated on the environmental conditions connected with these processes, in outdoors processing areas (closed cycle units). The level of pollution found in the processing area was very low, with the exception of the valve-replacement zone, where there was a risk of short-term exposure to high levels of dimethylaniline. The use of personal protective equipment for hands, eyes and the respiratory tract is recommended. On the other hand, a risk of long-term exposure to mercaptobenzothiazole and tetramethylthiuram disulfide was found in the finished-product packaging unit. Therefore, in these units there is a need to provide constant control and equipment maintenance, and to introduce prevention measures capable of reducing contamination levels. (60986)

CIS 93-1636 Evaluation of OSHA method 5 for measuring chloroform in pulp and paper industry workplace and ambient atmospheres. Crawford R.J., Cloutier S.L., Rovell-Rixx D.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.210-215. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggested that its Method 5 should be used for measuring chloroform concentrations in the range of the new permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2ppm. There are some potential problems with using Method 5 for this purpose. Pulp and paper industry atmospheres may interfere with the measurement because of high temperature, high humidity, and the presence of chlorine. The charcoal sorbent tubes specified in Method 5 were challenged in the laboratory with a test gas containing 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 times the PEL of chloroform at 38°C with 80% to 93% relative humidity and approximately 0.5ppm chlorine. Field testing of OSHA Method 5 was successful and did not reveal any unexpected problems. Additional tests showed that with some modification, OSHA Method 5 can be used to measure chloroform concentrations in ambient atmospheres down to 0.1ppb. (60736)

CIS 93-1637 Exposure of office workers to tobacco smoke. (Italian: Esposizione al fumo di tabacco degli impiegati di un'azienda telefonica) Gaffuri E., Maranelli G., Romeo L., Durigato S., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.83, No.86, p.596-604. Illus. 17 ref. (In Italian)

Smoking habits were studied in a group of employees of a telephone company. Of the subjects interviewed, 34% were smokers. The non-smokers said that they were bothered by other people smoking everywhere and also to a considerable extent at the workplace. Differences between smokers and non-smokers and between exposed and non-exposed non-smokers were studied by measuring expired CO and urinary cotinine. An expired CO concentration of 10ppm discriminated between smokers and non-smokers. A mean urinary cotinine concentration of about 16ng/mg creatinine was found in the exposed non-smokers, corresponding to the direct smoking of 1/10 of a cigarette per day. The search for the metabolic phenotype of dextromethorphan, which was taken as an indicator of susceptibility to contract lung cancer, showed that there were no differences between smokers and non-smokers since the rapid metabolisers, and therefore subjects potentially exposed to risk of lung cancer due to tobacco smoke, prevailed in both groups. (60835)

CIS 93-1638 Confidence intervals for arithmetic means of lognormally distributed exposures. Armstrong B.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1992, Vol.53, No.8, p.481-485. 11 ref. (In English)

Distributions of concentrations of environmental contaminants are often approximately lognormally distributed. The arithmetic mean of such distributions is frequently the summary measure most relevant to health. Although methods for estimating arithmetic means of lognormal distributions from samples are becoming better known, methods for determining the precision of estimates by confidence intervals are not. In this paper, four approximate intervals are compared with the computationally cumbersome exact interval. Some of the approximate intervals are adequate for larger sample sizes (≥25), or small geometric standard deviations (GSD≤1.5), but none of them are accurate for small sample sizes and large GSDs. A table presents exact 95% confidence intervals for small sample sizes with GSDs up to 4.0. Real examples illustrate the methods. (60873)

CIS 93-1639 Occupational exposure limits: Criteria document summaries. Synopses of the data used in setting occupational exposure limits. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. xiii, 157p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-11-882120-2 (In English)

This document contains summaries of the data considered by the Health and Safety Commission of the United Kingdom in setting occupational exposure limits for 104 substances. The following information is provided for each substance: occupational exposure limit, maximum exposure limit or occupational exposure standard; main properties; carriage, packing and labelling classification; occurrence and use; approximate numbers of workers exposed and typical exposure levels, where available; a validated method of measurement for assessing compliance with exposure limits; metabolism; health effects in experimental animals and in exposed humans; basis for setting the limit; bibliographic references. (60729)

CIS 93-1640 Carcinogen assessment - A research report to the Department of National Health and Welfare. (French: L'évaluation de la cancérogénicité - Rapport de recherche présenté au ministère de la Santé nationale et du Bien-être social) Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1991. 80p. Approx. 180 ref., ISBN 0-662-58750-2 (In English, French)

Cancer and carcinogenesis are explained as well as how the ability of a chemical or product to induce cancer in humans or animals may be assessed, and how the regulatory official uses the evidence that a product induces cancer before drafting regulations to protect the public. (60770)

CIS 93-1641 Site selection for new hazardous waste management facilities. Sloan W.M., World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. xiv, 118p. 53 ref. Price: CHF 21.00, USD 18.90 (developing countries CHF 14.70)., ISBN 92-890-1309-5 (In English)

This guide outlines essential planning considerations and model siting processes for hazardous waste facilities of all types. It deals extensively with the role of social acceptability in siting processes and lays out policy and technical options that may be chosen, adapted or used to refine existing processes. Contents: purpose and general approach; the need for hazardous waste facilities and preferred management measures (including sources and estimates of waste arisings); overview of siting processes (responsibilities for facility development, criteria used in site selection, presenting, describing and evaluating a project); health and environment risk assessment; social and economic assessment. (60771)

CIS 93-1642 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Leichnitz K., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Justus-von-Leibig-Str. 1, D-W-8920 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 24. Ergänzungslieferung, May. 1993. 340p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-73285-7 (In German)

Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and antipollution laws, and for analysis of process gases. This installment follows that abstracted under CIS 93-943. It presents: test certificates for various Dräger detector tubes; updates of the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS), including changes in the official German exposure limit lists; guidelines on the detection and evaluation of olfactory pollution; an ordinance on the reporting of air pollutants; two draft European Commission Directives (promotion of standardisation, compilation of environmental statistics); a discussion of European quality assurance standards (EN 29 000 and 45 000). (60781)

CIS 93-1643 Environmental carcinogens. Methods of analysis and exposure measurement. Volume 12 - Indoor air. Seifert B., van de Wiel H.J., Dodet B., O'Neill I.K., National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (Netherlands), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France, 1993. xiii, 384p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-832-2109-5 (In English)

This volume reviews the scientific background to the problem of analysis and exposure measurement of environmental carcinogens and the approaches available for analysing the agents covered. Introductory chapters cover: the effects of indoor air pollution on human health; sources of pollution in indoor air; indoor concentrations of environmental carcinogenss; indoor air controls; bioassay of complex mixtures of indoor air pollutants; sampling and analytical procedures; exposure assessments from field studies. Methods and protocols for indoor air pollutants are described for radon and radon-daughters, asbestos, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, environmental tobacco smoke, respirable particles, carbon monoxide and pesticides. (60784)

CIS 93-1644 Cancer epidemiology in coal tar pitch volatile-associated industries. Standring P., Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 14p. 32 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-882088-5 (In English)

Studies indicate that lung cancer mortality is positively associated with cumulative exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles and with length of time worked in coke oven areas. There is some evidence that there is also an increased risk of genito-urinary and kidney cancer mortality in coke oven work. There is an increase in the incidence of, or mortality from, a range of tumours in the aluminium production industry where bladder cancer and lung cancer increase with increasing length of time exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles. Only limited studies are available in the tar distillation industry; one study indicated a possible link between tar distillation work and lung and bladder cancer. (60792)

CIS 93-1645 Propachlor. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 110p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (developing countries CHF 11.20)., ISBN 92-4-157147-0 (In English)

There is little information on the effects of propachlor (synonym: ramrod) on humans. A few cases of contact and allergic dermatitis in exposed farmers and production workers have been reported. Patch tests revealed a positive patch test reaction, irritation reaction or hypersensitivity. There have been no reports of other symptoms or diseases either among occupationally exposed humans or the general population. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (60798)

CIS 93-1646 Methyl ethyl ketone. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 161p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 22.00 (developing countries CHF 15.40)., ISBN 92-4-157143-8 (In English)

Short-term exposure to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK; synonym: butanone) alone does not appear to be a significant occupational hazard. There have been two reports of chronic occupational poisoning and one questionable report of acute occupational poisoning. Exposure to solvent mixtures containing MEK has been associated with some reduction in nerve conduction velocity, memory and motor alterations, dermatoses and vomiting. Animal studies indicate that MEK potentiates the neurotoxicity of hexacarbon compounds and the liver and kidney toxicity of haloalkane solvents. The use of MEK in combination with these solvents should be avoided. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (60799)

CIS 93-1647 The safe occupational use of glutaraldehyde in the health industries. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992. 23p. 5 ref., ISBN 0-477-03508-6 (In English)

This guidance document provides a general overview of the hazards posed by glutaraldehyde in its two most common uses in the health industry along with principles for hazard control. Contents: responsibility for a safe working environment; physical properties of glutaraldehyde; assessment of hazards in the workplace; control of glutaraldehyde and other chemicals in the radiographic process; sterilisation, cleaning and "high-level" disinfection of medical and dental equipment; safe work practices; first-aid measures; health effects and suggested surveillance. (60818)

CIS 93-1648 Occupational exposure limits. Criteria document for phenol. Hansen L.E., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. v, 59p. ca.170 ref. Price: ECU 7.50., ISBN 92-826-4399-9 (In English)

Review of the available literature on the toxicology of phenol. Few data are available on human exposure; most reports are case histories from accidents, mostly with dermal exposure and from medical use of phenol. The substance is readily absorbed (possible in lethal amounts) through the skin, both as vapour and from aqueous solutions. It is corrosive to the skin and eyes, and inhalation causes irritation of the respiratory tract. The primary effects of acute accidental exposure are on the liver and kidney. Long-term occupational exposure may lead to an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease. (60831)

CIS 93-1649 Code of practice for the safe use of timber preservatives and antisapstain chemicals. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Aug. 1992. 54p. 18 ref., ISBN 0-477-03507-8 (In English)

This revised code of practice sets minimum standards for the protection of workers from the hazards present in plants where timber preservatives and antisapstain chemicals are handled. Contents: application and enforcement of the code; design and operational requirements; safety and health requirements; treatment processes and plant; types of preservatives; use and hazards of antisapstain chemicals; mixing of treatment chemicals; disposal of wastes; fumigation of timber. Appendices include trade names and active ingredients of various preservatives and human toxicities of constituent chemicals. (60841)

CIS 93-1650 A pilot procedure to select candidate substances for general restrictions on use. The Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Box 1384, 171 27 Solna, Sweden, Feb. 1993. 136p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: SEK 125.00. (In English)

The proposed method does not identify the "most hazardous substances" from a large group of environmentally hazardous chemicals, but rather the ones whose properties and patterns of use are such that restrictions on use would reduce the risks that they present. The decision procedure is illustrated by a flow chart. From an initial pool of about 2000 products, 41 were selected as objects for thorough data collection. Analysis of the resulting information (presented in summary for each of the 41) enabled selection of 14 priority substances: nine organic solvents, chromium, nickel, the quaternary ammonium compounds derived from tallow, thiram and bisphenol A. (60842)

CIS 93-1651 Regulation of agrochemicals - A driving force in their evolution. Marco G.J., Hollingworth R.M., Plimmer J.R., American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Division, 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington D.C. 20036, USA, 1991. xvi, 188p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-8412-2085-9 (In English)

Collected symposium papers reviewing the history of pesticide regulation in the USA and elsewhere. This regulation has clearly influenced the use of known products and the development of new ones. Specific articles cover pesticide regulation in Europe and in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region. (60854)

CIS 93-1652 Sampling strategies for airborne contaminants in the workplace. Guest I.G., Technology Committee Working Group, H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1993. viii, 83p. Illus. 140 ref. Price: GBP 25.00 (surface mail), GBP 29.00 (airmail), USD 55.00, CAD 66.00., ISBN 0-948237-14-7 (In English)

This technical guide is aimed at occupational hygienists and others responsible for sampling harmful airborne contaminants (excluding problems of flammable or explosive hazards and ambient air quality). Main subjects covered: factors affecting strategy design (survey objectives, other factors, mixtures); a structured approach to sampling strategies; sampling protocols (statistical and biological considerations; measurement strategies); interpretation of results and subsequent actions; example of the development of a sampling strategy (related to welding in a coal-fired power station). (60902)

CIS 93-1653 Control technology for the formulation and packing of pesticides. World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 79p. Illus. 62 ref. Price: CHF 15.00 (CHF 10.50 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-154438-4 (In English)

This book describes the ways in which current technologies and managerial procedures can be used to control the occupational health hazards inherent in the formulation of pesticides. Measures needed to protect the general public and the environment surrounding the plant are also described. Contents: formulation processes; toxic and flammable hazards and sources of exposure; general principles of control technology; control technology when planning, building or extending a pesticide formulation plant, at or near a hazard source, in the workplace and near the worker; monitoring and evaluation programmes; storage and transport. (60909)

CIS 93-1654 Chemical sensitivity. Volume 1. Rea W.J., CRC Press, 22-24 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HJ, United Kingdom, 1992. xvii, 533p. Illus. 841 ref. Index. Price: GBP 59.50., ISBN 0-87371-541-1 (In English)

This first of four planned volumes provides a comprehensive discussion of chemical sensitivity from a clinical perspective and is the result of a study of more than 20,000 environmentally sensitive patients. Contents: introduction to the process of environmentally triggered disease; definition and principles of chemical sensitivity (total body load, adaptation, bipolarity, spreading phenomenon, switch phenomenon, biochemical individuality); nonimmune mechanisms; pollutant effects on the blood and reticuloendothelial system (lymphatic and immune system); nutritional status and pollutant overload. Glossary. (60924)

CIS 93-1655 The third wave of asbestos disease: Asbestos in place. Public health control. Landrigan P.J., Kazemi H., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 31 Dec. 1991, Vol.643, xvi, 628p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-89766-677-1 (cloth), ISBN 0-89766-678-X (paper) (In English)

Proceedings of a conference held in New York, USA, 7-9 June 1990. Papers are presented under the following headings: the spectrum of asbestos-related disease; tissue burdens; dose-response; radiologic abnormalities - recent developments and epidemiologic utilisation; physiological decrements due to asbestos exposure; latency and progression; neoplasms of asbestos exposure; the search for basic mechanisms of the asbestos effect; populations at risk (construction, sheet metal, refinery, shipyard, railroad, steel, glass and petrochemical workers, merchant seamen and nonoccupational groups); mesothelioma; carcinogenicity of chrysotile and tremolite; asbestos in public buildings; disease resulting from asbestos exposure in buildings; asbestos abatement. (60933)

CIS 93-1656 Epichlorohydrin. Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Delic J., South D., Brown R., Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 49p. Illus. 126 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-11-882084-2 (In English)

The few reports available on the toxic effects of a single exposure to epichlorohydrin (ECH) indicate that it is irritating to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and that skin contact may result in chemical burns. One report suggests that inhalation of the vapour may lead to persistent bronchitis and liver damage. It may produce skin sensitisation. A number of epidemiological studies indicate no apparent relationships between any specific health effect and repeated occupational exposure to ECH. No firm conclusions may be drawn regarding carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. The proposed maximum exposure limits are 0.5ppm (2mg/m³ (8-hour TWA)) and 1.5ppm (6mg/m³ (15 minutes reference period)). (60934)

CIS 93-1657 Common sense toxics in the workplace. Danse I.R., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA, 1991. xi, 257p. 10 ref. Index. Also available from: International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd., Cheriton House, North Way, Andover SP10 5BE, Hampshire, United Kingdom. Price: GBP 33.00., ISBN 0-442-00154-1 (In English)

This manual covers the treatment, differential diagnosis and prevention of toxic exposures in workers. Contents: basic toxicology and toxic responses in laboratory animals and workers; how to evaluate a person for a toxic injury (medical examination and history, job and exposure history, symptoms associated with toxic substances, diagnosis, treatment and work restrictions, work and cancer); advice on effective toxics management (managing exposures and toxic emergencies, reducing exposures, medical surveillance); information resources; workers' compensation issues; glossary. An appendix lists trace metals, organics, solvents and biological indicators in body fluids. (60935)

CIS 93-1658 Hazard assessment of chemicals. Volume 8. Saxena J., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1993. xii, 332p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 71.00., ISBN 1-56032-271-3 (In English)

This volume comprises six subject reviews in area of chemical hazard assessment: risk assessment in the remedy selection process at hazardous waste sites; the status of interactions data in risk assessment of chemical mixtures; essentiality versus toxicity - some considerations in the risk assessment of essential trace elements; hazard ranking system for chemical wastes and chemical waste sites; contamination assessment of sediments in freshwater ecosystems; monoclonal antibodies and their use in measurement of environmental contaminants. (60938)

CIS 93-1659 Nickel and human health. Current perspectives. Nieboer E., Nriagu J.O., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester PO22 9SA, West Sussex, United Kingdom, 1992. xxii, 680p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 101.00, ISBN 0-471-50076-3 (In English)

This volume contains revised and updated papers from the Fourth International Conference on Nickel Metabolism and Toxicology held in Helsinki, Finland, 5-9 September 1988. Papers include: historical account of hazards from exposure to nickel; biological utilisation of nickel; occupational exposures; absorption, distribution and excretion of nickel; toxicokinetics of nickel in humans; determination of nickel in urine, hair, fingernails and tissues as measures of occupational exposure; renal toxicity; nickel contact hypersensitivity; nickel and the immune system; problems in the toxicology, diagnosis and treatment of nickel carbonyl poisoning; long-term health effects of exposure to low concentrations of nickel carbonyl; studies of respiratory cancer mortality in nickel refiners; nasal and lung cancer death in nickel refiners. (60941)

CIS 93-1660 Toxicological chemistry. Manahan S.E., Lewis Publishers Inc., 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, Michigan 48118, USA, 2nd ed., 1992. vii, 449p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 62.00., ISBN 0-87371-621-3 (In English)

Contents of this manual: basic concepts of general and organic chemistry; overview of environmental chemistry and biochemistry; biochemical processes of environmental chemicals as they occur in living organisms, in microorganisms, as biodegradation and bio-uptake processes and in the water and soil environments; fundamentals of toxicology and toxicological chemistry; toxicological chemistry of classes of chemical substances (toxic elements; organometallics and organometalloids; toxic inorganic and organic compounds; oxygen-containing organic compounds; organonitrogen, organohalide, organosulfur and organophosphorus compounds); toxic natural products. (60961)

CIS 93-1661 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No.1. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. (French: Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation n°1: Dibenzodioxines polychlorées et dibenzofurannes polychlorés) Commercial Chemicals Branch, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada, 1990. ix, 56p. 96 ref., ISBN 0-662-17644-8 (Eng), ISBN 0-662-96003-3 (fr) (In English, French)

These substances are considered "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. This report reviews the available environmental and toxicological data on polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (dioxins) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (furans). Exposures to these substances in the workplace, or from industrial accidents, have resulted in changes in the skin (including chloracne) that can persist for many years. Extensive exposures have also produced neurological and psychological effects (including sexual dysfunction), elevated blood levels of some enzymes and averse effects on the foetus. The evidence of a link between cancer incidence or mortality and exposure to dioxins and furans is equivocal. (60977)

CIS 93-1662 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No.2. Effluents from pulp mills using bleaching. (French: Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation n°2: Effluents des usines de pâte blanchie) Publications, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada, 1991. x, 60p. 240 ref., ISBN 0-662-18734-2 (Eng), ISBN 0-662-96942-1 (fr) (In English, French)

This report assesses the risk associated with the release of chlorinated organic material in bleached pulp mill effluents. Canadian mills are estimated to release over a million tonnes of chlorinated organic compounds to the aquatic environment annually resulting in acute and chronic effects to the aquatic ecosystem. It is therefore concluded that these effluents are entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions having an immediate and long-term harmful effects on the environment. The effluents are thus considered to be "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. (60978)

CIS 93-1663 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No.3. Chlorobenzene. (French: Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation n°3: Chlorobenzène) Publications, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada, 1992. v, 21p. 71 ref., ISBN 0-662-19949-9 (Eng), ISBN 0-662-97787-4 (fr) (In English, French)

This report reviews the available environmental and toxicological data on chlorobenzene. Data on the effects of exposure in humans are limited. Although effects on the nervous system, neonatal development and skin have been reported in occupationally-exposed populations, studies are inadequate for assessing potential risks. On the basis of observed effects on the environment and on human health, chlorobenzene is not considered to be "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. (60979)

CIS 93-1664 Risk factors for cancer in the workplace. Siemiatycki J., CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA. CRC Press, London Office, 22-24 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HJ, United Kingdom, 1991. 325p. Index. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 85.00., ISBN 0-8493-5018-2 (In English)

This book presents the methodology and results of a study concerning the possible associations between each of nearly 300 important chemicals in the industrial environment and each of about 20 types of cancer. Contents: introduction to occupational cancer (characteristics of carcinogens; sources of evidence on risk to humans due to chemicals; listing occupational carcinogens; percentage of cancer attributable to occupation); epidemiologic approaches to discovering occupational carcinogens; case-control studies and fieldwork methods; exposure assessment; statistical methods; associations between occupational circumstances and cancer; interpretation of findings. (60918)

CIS 93-1665 Indoor air pollution control. Godish T., Lewis Publishers, Inc., 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, Michigan 48118, USA, 1989. xiii, 401p. Illus. Index. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 64.00., ISBN 0-87371-098-3 (In English)

Contents of this manual: problem definition (personal pollution exposures, sick building syndrome, levels of exposure to specific contaminants and possible health effects); source control of inorganic contaminants (asbestos, combustion-generated pollutants, radon), organic contaminants (formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, pesticides) and biogenic particles (allergies and asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Legionnaires' diseases, moisture control); ventilation for contaminant control; air cleaning; policy and regulatory considerations; air quality diagnostics; mitigation practice. (60795)

CIS 93-1666 Chemical reaction hazards. Barton J., Rogers R., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, Warwickshire, United Kingdom, Apr. 1993. vi, 184p. Illus. 130 ref. Index. Price: GBP 32.00., ISBN 0-85295-248-8 (In English)

Guide to the assessment of chemical reaction hazards for persons responsible for designing and operating chemical plant and processes, in the context of the UK Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Contents: introduction (background, legislation, assessment strategy); process assessment and process definition; techniques for evaluating chemical reaction hazards; interpreting data with respect to process operation and plant design; process risk analysis; selecting and specifying a basis of safety; general hazards of plant operation; operating procedures and instructions; glossary; references; appendices (example of the use of HAZAN; assessing fire and explosion hazards in a simple batch reactor; typical table of contents for the technical description of a process). (60820)

CIS 93-1667 Grain dust in maltings (maximum exposure limit). Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 7p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: GBP 2.25., ISBN 0-11-886357-6 (In English)

This guidance note has been prepared to help the malting, brewing and distilling industries to comply with the British Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSSH) Regulations as regards the exposure of employees and others to grain dust. Contents: definition of grain dust; maximum exposure limit (total inhalable dust 10mg/m³ for an 8h time-weighted average); assessment of health hazard; engineering and operational control measures (exhaust ventilation, dust extraction systems); respiratory protective equipment; review of COSSH assessment; health surveillance; notification of reportable disease; information to employees. (60794)

CIS 93-1668 Grain dust. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. 8p. 21 ref. Price: GBP 2.50., ISBN 0-11-882101-6 (In English)

This guidance note advises on precautions which may be necessary to prevent or control exposure to grain dust as required by the British Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 (COSHH, CIS 89-1092). Contents: definition of grain dust and scope of the maximum exposure limit (10mg/m³); nature of and exposure to grain dust; health effects (irritation, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, grain fever, extrinsic allergic alveolitis); risk assessment; prevention and control of exposure; maintenance, examination and testing of control measures; monitoring exposure; health surveillance; notification of reportable disease; information, instruction and training. (60937)

CIS 93-1669 Local exhaust ventilation devices applied to laboratories - Terminology, description, areas of use. (French: Les dispositifs de ventilation localisée appliqués aux laboratoires - Terminologie, description, domaines d'emploi) Cornu J.C., Gaillardin M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1906-150-93, p.13-24. Illus. 15 ref. (In French)

This guidance note describes the operating principles of local exhaust ventilation systems and the fields in which they are used. The equipment concerned can be classified into two main categories: enclosing devices (fume cupboards, microbiological safety cabinets, laminar flow hoods, chemical hoods, glove boxes with air purification) and induction devices (mobile extractor heads, suction tables, non-physical hoods and covers). The regulatory principles governing laboratory ventilation are also presented, together with general remarks on air purification. Glossary of French terms. (60892)

CIS 93-1670 A step by step guide to COSHH assessment. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. viii, 44p. 22 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-886379-7 (In English)

This booklet provides advice and guidance to employers in Britain for the assessment of their activities under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 (CIS 89-1092). Contents: gathering information about the substance, the work and the working practices; evaluating the risks to health; deciding on the necessary measures to comply with Regulations 7 to 12 of COSHH; recording the assessment; when the assessment needs to be reviewed; competence of those carrying out the assessment; decisions on reasonable practicability. A number of examples of the application of the COSHH Regulations in particular industries are included. (60785)

CIS 93-1671 Occupational cancer. Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1992. 34p. Illus. 40 ref., ISBN 0-644-24531-X (In English)

This booklet introduces and summarises some of the basic issues relating to occupational cancer. Contents: definition of occupational cancer; types of carcinogens; assessment of carcinogenicity; banning carcinogens from the workplace; protecting employees against exposure to carcinogens; setting standards for the control of occupational carcinogenic substances. Appendices include a glossary and a list of relevant international organisations. (60815)

CIS 93-1672 Classification and labelling of dangerous substances - Alphabetical list of substances listed in Appendix I of the Government Order of 10 October 1983, as amended. (French: Classification et étiquetage des substances dangereuses - Liste alphabétique des substances figurant à l'annexe I de l'arrêté du 10 octobre 1983 modifié) Chéron J., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1915-150-93, p.97-128. (In French)

The purpose of this paper is to help manufacturers, sellers, importers and users of chemical products to comply with the legislation regulating the classification, labelling and packaging of dangerous substances (Government Order of 10 October 1983, as amended - original text, see CIS 85-1321) and preparations containing dangerous substances. It contains the text of this Order, some of its appendixes and an alphabetical list of the dangerous substances (with EEC number) listed in appendix I thereto. (60900)

CIS 93-1673 Nordic Expert Group for the Documentation of Exposure Limits. 102. Inorganic acid aerosols. (Norwegian: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 102. Uorganiske syreaerosoler) Kristensen P., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 45p. 154 ref., ISBN 91-7045-185-0 (In Norwegian)

Review and evaluation of data on sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric and phosphoric acid aerosols. Occupational exposure limits should be based on their corrosive and inflammatory properties. Their possible role in the development of laryngeal cancer should also be taken into account. (60991)

CIS 93-1674 Nordic Expert Group for the Documentation of Exposure Limits. 105. Aluminium. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 105. Aluminium) Sjögren B., Elinder C.G., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 29p. 165 ref., ISBN 91-7045-198-2 (In Swedish)

Review and evaluation of the relevant literature. Aluminium occurs widely in nature in various minerals and is an important metal in industry. Many aluminium compounds are also found on the market. Central nervous system effects on long-term exposure are the critical ones for establishment of exposure limits. Exposure to high levels of dust can cause pneumoconiosis ("aluminosis"). Exposure to aluminium fluoride, aluminium sulfate and potassium aluminium tetrafluoride has been associated with asthma. (60992)

CIS 93-1675 Nordic Expert Group for the Documentation of Exposure Limits. 101. Cadmium. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 101. Kadmium) Nordberg G., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 60p. Illus. 138 ref., ISBN 91-7045-178-8 (In Swedish)

Review and evaluation of relevant literature. Cadmium is used in dry cells and storage batteries, and in some alloys. Many other uses (in pigments, coatings and plastic products) are limited by law in Sweden and other countries. Exposure occurs mainly by inhalation. Lung damage occurs, and inhaled cadmium is carried by the blood to the kidney, where it accumulates and produces tubular damage on prolonged exposure. It produces lung cancer in animals, and there is evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer in exposed workers. (60993)

CIS 93-1676 Nordic Expert Group for the Documentation of Exposure Limits. 104. Inorganic lead. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 104. Oorganiskt bly) Skerfving S., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 111p. Illus. 897 ref., ISBN 91-7045-195-8 (In Swedish)

Review and evaluation of the relevant literature. Lead is present in the environment, and additional exposure may occur in many industrial settings. Its metabolism is adequately described by a two-compartment model: lead in soft tissues has a half-life of about one month and the bone lead pool has a half-life of about 10 years. The whole-blood level (B-Pb) is the most valuable tool for biological monitoring. Basal levels are highly variable, but average about 0.4µmol/L in the Nordic countries. Effects on the nervous system and kidneys are critical for the establishment of exposure limits. Sensitive adults show effects at exposure corresponding to B-Pbs of 1.5-2.0µmol/L, and foetuses may suffer non-specific central nervous system effects at maternal B-Pbs of 0.5-0.75µmol/L. (60994)

CIS 93-1677 Nordic Expert Group for the Documentation of Exposure Limits. 103. Selenium. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 103. Selen) Garberg P., Högberg J., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 26p. 104 ref., ISBN 91-7045-187-7 (In Swedish)

Review and evaluation of the relevant literature. Selenium is encountered in copper refining (where it is recovered as a by-product), in the electronics, glass and rubber industries and in medicine. Selenium acid is toxic, and may enter the body through the skin and respiratory tract. Exposure may occur incase of accidental spills. Hydrogen selenide is more likely to be encountered under normal conditions (metallurgy), and is toxic on inhalation. Short-term exposure via the diet affects primarily the gastrointestinal tract, while chronic exposure produces nail malformations. Some selenium compounds induce skin allergies. Selenium sulfide is a carcinogen at high doses in rats and mice. (60995)

CIS 93-1678 Criteria documents from the Nordic Expert Group 1992. Beije B., Lundberg P., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 267p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-7045-204-0 (In English)

English translations of five criteria documents published previously as individual documents in Swedish: CIS 93-1673 (inorganic acid aerosols), CIS 93-1674 (aluminium), CIS 93-1675 (cadmium), CIS 93-1676 (inorganic lead), CIS 93-1677 (selenium). (60996)

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CIS 93-1679 CHEMTREC. A vital link in chemical emergencies. Donahue M.L., NFPA Journal, May-June 1993. Vol.87, No.3, p.86-90. (In English)

The services offered by CHEMTREC (Chemical Transportation Emergency Center) are described. CHEMTREC is a public service established by the US Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). Resources available through the centre include an emergency response mutual-aid network, a medical emergency assistance network, a nonemergency information service and emergency response training. A reference library of material safety data sheets and other resources is maintained. Details on how to contact CHEMTREC are provided. (60772)

CIS 93-1680 Report on 1991 fire fighter fatalities. Washburn A.E., LeBlanc P.R., Fahy R.F., NFPA Journal, July-Aug. 1992, Vol.86, No.4, p.40-54. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

This report describes patterns in firefighter deaths and identifies areas where continued efforts need to be focused. The types of duty associated with firefighter deaths are examined, along with the causes and nature of fatal injuries and the ages of the firefighters who died. The frequency of deaths in vacant buildings, in incendiary or suspicious fires and in motor vehicle accidents is highlighted and a comparison is made of career and volunteer firefighter deaths. Finally, the study presents summaries of individual incidents that illustrate important problems in firefighter safety. (60901)

CIS 93-1681 Learning from major accidents involving dangerous substances. Drogaris G., Safety Science, Apr. 1993, Vol.16, No.2, p.89-113. Illus. 53 ref. (In English)

The Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) has been established by the Commission of the European Communities within the framework of the implementation of the Seveso Directive 82/501/EEC (CIS 83-889). Accident reports (121 by end 1991) have been analysed and accidents classified according to a number of parameters in order to identify priorities for improving safety. Accident causes have been identified for the majority of accidents notified and consequently lessons for preventing similar recurrences or mitigating accident consequences have been extracted. This analysis shows that the vast majority of the accidents notified could have been easily prevented by proper application of available knowledge. Managerial/organisational omissions and design inadequacies are the most dominant underlying causes. (60971)

CIS 93-1682 Some aspects of the investigation of the reasons for the accident in the Suhodol'skaja-vostočnaja mine. (Russian: Nekotorye aspekty rassledovanija pričin avarii na šahte "Suhodol'skaja-vostočnaja") Kolesov O.A., Busygin K.K., Mnuhin A.G., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Jan. 1993, No.1, p.2-7. Illus. (In Russian)

An explosion of methane and coal dust in the Sudohol'skaja-vostočnaja mine in Ukraine on 9 June 1992 injured 112 persons, 59 of them fatally; four rescue workers were also killed. Inadequate air flow in a ventilation tunnel under construction allowed methane to build up. Faulty insulation on a power cable and a disabled safety device allowed an electric discharge to occur and detonate the gas. The explosion propagated widely because dust control measures were not properly implemented and coal dust concentrations had been allowed to reach dangerous levels. The investigation revealed many violations of rules and regulations in addition to the immediate causes of the accident. (60921)

CIS 93-1683 Are control rooms dangerous?. (Russian: Opasny li operatornye?) Martynjuk V.F., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Jan. 1993, No.1, p.14-16. (In Russian)

Accident reports for explosions in the chemical, petroleum refining and biotechnology industries occurring in the Russian Federation in 1990-92 were reviewed to determine their consequences for control-room personnel. Nineteen accidents involved injury to workers (100 victims, many of them repair workers), eight with fatalities (17 victims); injuries were sustained by persons in or near the control room in six cases (22 victims), with fatalities (8) in two of the events. The high proportion of deaths suggests that control-room structures must be reinforced. (60922)

CIS 93-1684 Indexed method for the analysis and evaluation of risks in certain industrial activities. (Italian: Metodo indicizzato per l'analisi e la valutazione del rischio di determinate attività industriali) Binetti R., Cappelletti F., Graziani R., Ludovisi G., Sampaolo A., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1990, Vol.2, No.1, p.37-119. Illus. 57 ref. (In Italian)

This evaluation method is designed for hazards in industrial plants where the risk of accidents is relevant both during the construction and the operating phase. As regards the first phase, the research identifies the potential risk level or category, based on the properties and quantities of substances, the operating conditions and the type of process; the second phase deals with the reduction of the risk category taking into consideration the safety system and prevention measures installed in the plant. In particular, the various risk indexes related to fire, combined explosion, explosion in air and toxic risk are determined. In the risk index reduction phase, or "compensation" phase, the method leads to the calculation of several value coefficients to be used as multipliers, taking into account the safety and prevention systems that reduce the number and potential consequences of accidents. Detailed tables provide the index numbers connected with various substances and substance classes, in some cases in function of the type of exposure, flammability, etc. (60827)

CIS 93-1685 Release of chemicals from International Biosynthetics Ltd. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. iv, 15p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 3.50., ISBN 0-11-882154-7 (In English)

Report of the investigation by the British Health and Safety Executive into the chemical emission from International Biosynthetics Ltd. on 7 Dec. 1991. During a process involving a reaction between phosgene and dimethylaniline, an unexpected chemical reaction led to over-pressurisation of the reactor and consequent failure of an inlet connection in a condenser. Some 3.5 tonnes of chemicals were emitted and the vapour cloud was blown 4km, affecting about 60 people. A prosecution was made under the Health and Safety at Work Act and recommendations were made for a number of improvements in the company's arrangements, including emergency organisation. (60793)

CIS 93-1686 Lessons from disaster. How organisations have no memory and accidents recur. Kletz T., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, Warwickshire, United Kingdom, 1993. viii, 183p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 28.00., ISBN 0-85295-307-0 (In English)

This book describes many accidents that have been repeated, often many times, mainly in the process industries and gives suggestions for improving the corporate memory. Four serious accidents that occurred in the UK chemical industry and were repeated ten or more years later in the same company are described along with some less serious accidents that are repeated more frequently and other failures to learn from the past. Other topics discussed include the reasons why more accident reports should be published, causes of change and innovation in safety and the management of safety. (60930)

CIS 93-1687 Major hazards onshore and offshore. Institution of Chemical Engineers, Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1992. xii, 738p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 65.00., ISBN 0-85295-283-X, ISBN 1-56032-259-4 (In English)

Proceedings of a symposium on major hazards onshore and offshore held in Manchester, United Kingdom, 20-22 October 1992. Papers are presented under the following headings: raising the issues (development of European and UK legislation over 20 years; management responsibility for offshore safety; proposed offshore safety cases); management and assessment of risk; management of hazards; protective measures and relief/venting; training and human factors; identification and assessment of risk; fire and explosion; emergency shutdown and escape. (60942)

CIS 93-1688 Hazard management and emergency planning. Perspectives on Britain. Parker D.J., Handmer J.W., James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd., 5 Castle Road, London NW1 8PR, United Kingdom, 1992. x, 286p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 1-873936-06-0 (In English)

This volume is the result of a small international workshop held in London, England in September 1989. An assessment is made of the extent to which the British approach to hazard management and emergency planning matches the perceived level of threat posed by hazards, accidents and disasters. The principal legal, organisational and cultural impediments to more effective hazard management and emergency planning are identified and possibilities for improvements are examined. International perspectives and cross-country comparisons are also presented. It is concluded that current standards of protection in Britain appear to be insufficient for the 1990s and beyond. (60959)

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CIS 93-1689 Crane accidents by contact with powerlines. Paques J.J., Safety Science, Apr. 1993, Vol.16, No.2, p.129-142. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Reports of electrocution accidents involving contact between machines and powerlines were analysed to determine the type of equipment involved, the occupation of the workers affected, the severity of the accident, the part of the machine which came into contact with the powerline and the voltage of the powerline. Based on this analysis, some specific factors have been recognised which have helped to describe some typical accidents for each of six categories of equipment. The study can be used to define a priority for the prevention of this type of accident, including consideration of the technology of the machines involved. (60973)

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CIS 93-1690 International noise declaration systems for machinery and equipment. Honkasalo A., Kyttälä I., Nykänen H., Noise Control Engineering Journal, Jan.-Feb. 1993, Vol.40, No.1, p.143-149. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

Several European Community directives call for machinery and equipment to be accompanied by statements (labels or other documentation) of their noise emission. However, the quantities, the forms of these statements, or "noise declarations", remain to be defined. On the basis of Finnish experience, the noise label should give the country or free trade area of origin, the symbol (e.g., L_WAd) of the declared quantity, its value in dB(A) for noise and m/s² for vibration, and a reference to the standard, rule or regulation according to which the value was determined (ISO, IEC or national). The proposed system should be based on a European noise data bank that would include the identities of all national reference laboratories as well as records of declarations themselves. (60723)

CIS 93-1691 Noise in multiple-workstation open-plan computer rooms - Measurements and annoyance. Mital A., McGlothlin J.D., Faard H.F., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.69-82. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

Results of a study of noise levels in two offices with a large number of computer workstations and associated equipment (printers etc.) in both. The 10sec noise levels for all frequencies were between 53 and 62dB(A). The highest noise energy levels were at the frequency of 8,000Hz (64-73dB(A)). The nature of the work required high levels of concentration, and 50% of the workers reported in a questionnaire that the noise level was intolerable or extremely annoying. The noise annoyance was, however, not entirely due to computer equipment: movement of people, conversation and the noise of ventilation equipment were also contributing factors. (60821)

CIS 93-1692 Noise characteristics of motor hoes - Report and analysis of experimental tests under operational conditions. (Italian: Parametri caratteristici della rumorosità prodotta dalle motozzappatrici - Rilievi ed analisi di prove sperimentali in condizioni operative) Nuccitelli G., Santonocito E., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1990, Vol.2, No.1, p.23-36. Illus. 10 ref. (In Italian)

The purpose of these tests was to acquire more data on the noise emission of self-propelling holing machines, in order to define realistic limits for their noise emission. Six machines in the 4.6-8kW range were tested under operational conditions. Noise levels were high, rising to a peak of 95.6dB(A) for diesel-operated machines. Several noise-reduction methods are proposed. (60826)

CIS 93-1693 Acute effects of transient vertical whole-body vibration. Dupuis H., Hartung E., Haverkamp M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.4, p.261-265. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

The question as to whether shock-type whole-body vibration causes increasingly acute strain was investigated. Random vibrations were superimposed with shocks differing in amplitude and in number per unit of time in a systematic manner. A total of 17 men were exposed to vibration from an electrohydraulic simulator. The following strain criteria were used: biodynamic behaviour of the trunk and the head, electrical activity of the muscles of the back and the neck, subjective sensation, skin temperature in the lumbar area and visual and tracking performance. It was found that increasing shock amplitude and, in some experiments, also increasing numbers of shocks led to increasingly acute effects that varied, depending on the kind of shock used. New methods should be developed for the assessment of transient vibration that are better than the existing standards. (60843)

CIS 93-1694 Measurement uncertainties in determination of noise emission - A review. Higginson R.F., Hanes P., Noise Control Engineering Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.40, No.2, p.173-178. 28 ref. (In English)

New European Community Directives as well as new and revised International Standards for noise emission measurement entail the requirement that the uncertainty of the measurements be definitively stated. Present knowledge of the sources and magnitude of variability in noise emission test results is insufficient. Tests and statistical analyses of data from a wide range of machine types and measurement methods are needed before the declaration and verification of noise emission values can become routine practice. (60851)

CIS 93-1695 Sound-field diffusivity and reverberation effects on the real-ear attenuation of hearing protectors with implications for testing standards. Robinson G.S., Mauney D.W., Casali J.G., Noise Control Engineering Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1993, Vol.40, No.2, p.199-210. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

The hearing attenuation afforded by earmuffs was measured (1) in a diffuse and reverberant environment according to US standard ANSI S3.19-1974 and Canadian standard CSA Z94.2-M1984, and (2) in an anechoic chamber according to ANSI S12.6-1984, international standard ISO 4869-1:1990 and Swedish standard SS 882151 (1981). Tests were conducted in environment 1 with various degrees of reverberation and sound field directionality. There was a small but statistically significant difference in attenuation as measured by the two groups of techniques; the variations in conditions in environment 1 also produced significant differences. The differences may not always be important in practice, but must be considered in standards development, research and product labelling. (60852)

CIS 93-1696 Metrology for machine noise reduction - Evolution and prospects. (French: Métrologie pour la réduction du bruit des machines - Evolution et perspectives) Loyau T., Lovat G., Arbey H.S., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1909-150-93, p.39-46. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

This chronological survey of the development of different techniques for analysing acoustic fields describes existing methods ranging from measurement of ambient sound pressure (e.g. at the operator's workplace), to methods for studying the mechanisms of machine noise generation at source. Particular attention is paid to the measurement of acoustic power and to source location techniques. The development of these techniques runs parallel to that of noise reduction techniques, which have been moving away from measures aimed at lowering noise exposure (personal protection, screens and hoods) towards decreasing noise emission at source (changes in the structure of noisy machinery). (60895)

CIS 93-1697 A methodological approach to personal noise exposure measurement. (Italian: Impostazione metodologica della misura dell'esposizione personale al rumore) Atzeri S., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1992, Vol.83, No.3, p.278-288. Illus. 9 ref. (In Italian)

A new method is proposed for planning personal noise exposure surveys. The aim is to achieve preset confidence limits of the arithmetic mean of daily personal exposure (i.e. ±2dBA or ±1dBA). By following simple rules to calculate the confidence limits, it is possible to fix the number of measurements N to achieve this goal. This number is a function of exposure variability. The choice of the confidence limits determines the accuracy of the assessment, provided that the value is the exponential mean of N measurements. This method allows the survey to be planned according to the desired accuracy of the final result. A survey carried out in a refractory brick factory shows that if the daily personal exposure range is 4-6dBA, a five-measurement survey is sufficient to achieve a ±2dBA confidence interval, while 10-12 measurements are necessary to achieve ±1dBA. If the range is 14-15dBA, the same results are achieved with 12-14 measurements in the first case and about 50 in the second. In the latter case, if the survey is stopped after five measurements, the probability of accepting a value outside the ±1dBA range may reach 50%. (60957)

CIS 93-1698 Risks and safety requirements in the surgical use of lasers - Measurement problems. (Italian: Rischi e condizioni di sicurezza nell'uso dei laser in chirurgia: problemi metrologici) Ballesio P., Delia R., Lanfranchi M.L., Pascale W., Rihaoui A., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1990, Vol.2, No.3, p.7-16. 6 ref. (In Italian)

An examination of the various technologies involved in the use of lasers in medicine, with special emphasis on surgery. Analysed are the various types of lasers emitting electromagnetic radiation in the infrared to ultraviolet spectrum (non-ionising radiation). Other aspects covered: protective equipment; safety standards; recommendations; safe methods of use. (60985)

CIS 93-1699 The CSP index - A practical measure of office lighting quality as perceived by the office worker. Bean A.R., Bell R.I., Lighting Research and Technology, 1992, Vol.24, No.4, p.215-225. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

The Comfort, Satisfaction and Performance index (CSP) has been developed as an indicator of the effectiveness of a lighting installation as perceived by the workers who use it. The index is based on existing data, current CIBS code recommendations and detailed studies of over 650 individual workers and their offices. The physical parameters of a lighting installation are interrelated so as to produce a single figure of merit (0-100) which relates to the probability that office workers will be satisfied with their visual environment. The construction of the CSP index is described along with pilot experiments designed to refine the formulations. (60903)

CIS 93-1700 A correlation of the wet-bulb globe temperature and Botsball heat stress indexes for industry. Dernedde E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1992, Vol.53, No.3, p.169-174. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

A heat transfer analysis of the instruments used for the measurement of the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the Botsball temperature (BBT) was made. By using the analysis, both heat stress indexes were calculated over wide ranges of air temperature, humidity, air speed, and radiant heat flux, thereby simulating different industrial environments. The calculated results were in agreement with measurements taken in industry and the laboratory. The equation which correlates the heat stress indexes reconciles the divergence of published correlations for industrial environments. The WBGT may be predicted from the BBT with a precision of ±1.18°C if the water vapour pressure of the ambient air is known. In some industries, the water vapour pressure is the same at different work sites and a single measurement with a psychrometer would be sufficient. (60732)

CIS 93-1701 Temperature and humidity within the clothing microenvironment. Sullivan P.J., Mekjavić I.B., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1992, Vol.63, No.3, p.186-192. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

Five subjects wearing different types of helicopter personnel suits were exposed to a linear increase in ambient temperature from 20-40°C over a 90-min period, and then remained at 40°C for an additional 90min. Results showed that although clothing microenvironment temperatures were similar among suits and slightly lower than that of the environment, the microenvironment relative humidity and vapour pressure were much greater than that of the ambient air. The study demonstrates the need to discern between ambient conditions and conditions next to the skin when protective clothing is worn. (60905)

CIS 93-1702 Internal contamination of a radiation worker disposing of tritium waste. (Japanese: Torichium haiki butsu toriatsukai sha no tainai osen rei ni tsuite) Hamada N., Kiuchi K., Nishizawa K., Radioisotopes, 15 Oct. 1992, Vol.41, No.10, p.511-513. Illus. 8 ref. (In Japanese)

Urinary tritium was monitored in 8 workers who handled highly radioactive ³H-labelled compounds (more than 37MBq). Tritium was detected in one worker who had disposed of a non-volatile ³H-labelled compound stored for 9.5 days. The observed effective half-life was 10.8±1.9 years. It was assumed that internal contamination was caused by inadvertent inhalation of tritiated water vapour produced by degradation of the labelled compound. The worker's total intake of tritium was 19.4kBq, and the committed dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.46µSv. This total intake is not critical because it is less than 10^-5 of the annual limit on intake. The detection limit for urinary tritium in liquid scintillation counting was 0.088Bq/mL. This value corresponds to 1.8kBq as the total body burden of tritium for a reference man, and to 0.033µSv as internal dose equivalent. The sensitivity of urinary tritium monitoring is approximately 10⁴-fold higher than that of external monitoring using film badges, with a detection limit of 100µSv. Radiation workers should be properly protected by taking into account the possibility of internal contamination when they deal with originally non-volatile ³H-labelled compounds stored for a long period. (60774)

CIS 93-1703 Evaluation of eye irradiation among cardiac catherisation personnel. (French: Evaluation de l'irradiation des yeux du personnel en salle de cathétérisme cardiaque) Maillard M.F., Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.409-410. (In French)

This exposure evaluation was conducted subsequent to complaints by two hospital nurses of itchy eyes, tearing and vision problems occurring towards or after the end of a shift on working days only. A workplace study, including a measurement of average exposure time to ionising radiation, determined that the radiation dose received by the eyes was not negligible and exceeded the exposure limit recommended by the French Decree of 18 Apr. 1988. The wearing of shielded protective glasses is recommended. (60809)

CIS 93-1704 The biomechanics of vibration and low back pain. Wilder D.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.577-588. 84 ref. (In English)

This work is a review of the mechanical factors related to low back pain production in a vibration environment. The sitting posture is an extreme orientation for the lumbar intervertebral disc that increases its internal pressure and its anteroposterior shear flexibility. At the same time it decreases its resistance to buckling instability and stresses the posterior region of the disc. Vibration is an additional mechanical stressor. Several studies suggest that the following preventive measures be taken to reduce the risk of low back pain due to driving: minimise the vibration reaching the driver, avoid lifting or bending immediately following driving, and walk around for a few minutes following driving. (60863)

CIS 93-1705 Selected health risks caused by long-term, whole-body vibration. Seidel H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.589-604. 87 ref. (In English)

The problem of a "vibration disease" caused by low-frequency whole-body vibration (wbv) is critically discussed. Disorders of the nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems are interpreted not to be predominantly wbv-specific, but to be related to the totality of working conditions. Long-term wbv exposure can probably contribute to the pathogenesis of disorders of female reproductive organs and disturbances of pregnancy. WBV has a minor synergistic effect on the development of noise-induced hearing loss. Degenerative changes of the spine are more prevalent among wbv-exposed workers. Model calculations demonstrate an increased spinal load in pregnant women exposed to wbv or self-induced vibration, and illustrate a possibility for the comparison of data on stress, strain, and strength. The analysis of individual exposure-effect relationships is suggested as a future approach for evaluating potential occupation-related diseases. (60864)

CIS 93-1706 Bubble formation and decompression sickness on direct ascent from shallow air saturation diving. Ikeda T., Okamoto Y., Hashimoto A., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.64, No.2, p.121-125. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

To find the minimum supersaturation pressure for detectable bubble formation and for contraction of decompression sickness (DCS), three shallow air saturation dives were performed at depths of 6m, 7m and 8m. One bubble was shown in the 6m dive group, a small number of bubbles were seen in some subjects in the 7m dive while all subjects in the 8m dive presented various amounts of bubbles. Four subjects in the 8m dive suffered from DCS and required recompression treatment. The minimum depth for detectable bubble formation was assessed at around 6m and the direct ascent from saturation at 8m seems to have a high risk of DCS. (60724)

CIS 93-1707 A computerised databank of decompression sickness incidence in altitude chambers. Conkin J., Bedahl S.R., Van Liew H.D., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.63, No.9, Section 1, p.819-824. 12 ref. (In English)

A hypobaric decompression sickness databank (HDSD) for use with personal computers is described. The databank consolidates some of the decompression sickness (DCS) information that has accumulated from altitude chamber tests from 1942 to the present. Data includes details of the test conditions in the altitude chamber, outcome of the test, physical characteristics of the test subjects, and denitrogenation procedures prior to decompression. The HDSD currently contains 378 records representing 130,012 altitude exposures. (60907)

CIS 93-1708 Indoor air quality and HVAC systems. Bearg D.W., CRC Press, 22-24 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HJ, United Kingdom, 1993. xii, 220p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 48.00., ISBN 0-87371-574-8 (In English)

This manual provides a practical guide to the design, installation, operation and maintenance or evaluation of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Contents: introduction to indoor air quality problems and the role of HVAC systems; descriptions of HVAC systems; individual components of HVAC systems; evaluation criteria for indoor air quality; evaluation of the ventilation system; quantity of outdoor air delivered to occupants; ventilation characterisation; air movement pathways and pressure relationships; evaluation tools and techniques; sources of air contaminants; glossary and acronyms. (60931)

CIS 93-1709 Monitoring and surveillance in accident situations - Post-Chernobyl action. Chadwick K., Menzel H., Commission of the European Communities, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1993. xxiv, 163p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 20.00., ISBN 92-826-5330-7 (In English)

Following the Chernobyl reactor accident, the Commission of the European Communities redirected its radiation protection research programme to accommodate additional programmes concerned with preparedness for monitoring and surveillance of any future accident. The seven new research contracts are described in this report. They cover: accident detection networks; dose-rate measuring instruments; measurement of surface contamination with β-emitting radionuclides; in situ gamma-ray spectrometry; rapid methods of radionuclide analysis; in vivo measurements. (60787)

CIS 93-1710 Fundamentals of laboratory safety: Physical hazards in the academic laboratory. Mahn W.J., International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd., Cheriton House, North Way, Andover SP10 5BE, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1991. xiii, 191p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-442-00166-5 (In English)

Contents of this manual: general concepts of laboratory safety; safety inspections and recordkeeping; glassware; electrical hazards; laboratory equipment; laboratory rules; biological hazards; compressed gases and cryogenic materials; ventilation; protective and emergency equipment; light and other forms of radiation; spills and fires; first aid; noise. Appendices provide information on hazard ratings and classifications, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) labels, hazardous materials warning labels and a list of carcinogens and other hazardous laboratory substances. (60927)

CIS 93-1711 Hand-transmitted vibration: Clinical effects and pathophysiology. The Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St. Andrews Place, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom, 1993. 2 vols (vii, 47p. and 91p.). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This two-volume report provides a practical guide to criteria for the diagnosis and classification of conditions associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and makes recommendations for methods of assessment and standard procedures. Contents of volume 1: clinical effects and pathophysiology of hand-transmitted vibration; staging and scoring; health surveillance; prognosis and reversibility of symptoms of HAVS; management of HAVS; prescribed diseases; recommendations. Appendices include: a health surveillance questionnaire; tools and processes potentially associated with vibration white finger and other symptoms; example of an employee information leaflet. Volume 2 contains background papers to the report. (60936)

CIS 93-1712 Noise from false twist texturing machines and its reduction by design and other measures. Bednall A.W., Technology and Health Sciences Division, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1993. ii, 28p. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

This report summarises and reviews current knowledge on sources, intensity and control of noise emitted by false twist texturing machines. Contents: false twist texturing processes, machines and automation; data on noise levels on test beds and in the workplace; noise exposure of workers during various processes; machine noise sources; control measures (machine design, maintenance, enclosure, workplace design, machine segregation, noise refuges). Tables of noise levels for different machines are included. (60783)

CIS 93-1713 Tritium - Radiation protection in the laboratory. Ballance P.E., Richards A.G., Thomas R.N., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1992. xvi, 77p. 122 ref. Price: GBP 15.00 (surface mail); GBP 18.00, USD 36.00, CAD 42.00 (airmail)., ISBN 0-948237-12-0 (In English)

Contents of this guidance booklet: quantities and units; routes of entry and retention of tritium in the body; safety standards and dose limits for workers; legal requirements; derived limits for contamination; monitoring methods; design of laboratories; safety precautions; accidents - emergency procedures and decontamination; waste disposal; some special uses of tritium. (60858)

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CIS 93-1714 Study of industrial accidents - Falls. (Italian: Gli accidenti da caduta nell'infortunistica lavorativa) Mundo A., Nesti M., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1990, Vol.2, No.1, p.5-21. Illus. 20 ref. (In Italian)

Statistics show that accidental falls are one of the major causes of occupational death and injury, particularly in industry (21% of compensable accidents: falls from scaffoldings, stairs, ladders, vehicles) and agriculture (41% of compensable accidents: from trees, ladders, haylofts, tractors, etc.). To reduce as much as possible their number, which would also provide INAIL (the Italian State insurance agency for occupational accidents) with considerable savings, two recommendations are made: (1) implementation of an information system through which all deaths and injuries connected to falls in the working environment could be recorded, in order to ascertain their causes and risk factors; (2) enforcement of a simpler monitoring system based on the reporting of particularly significant (sentinel) events. (60825)

CIS 93-1715 An ISO test method for determining slip resistance of footwear. Determination of its precision. Jung K., Fischer A., Safety Science, Apr. 1993, Vol.16, No.2, p.115-127. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

An interlaboratory trial was conducted using a total of eight test facilities for determining shoe anti-slip characteristics. The examination plan was based on an ISO-draft proposal defining requirements for the testing machines. Tests were carried out to determine the friction coefficient between a shoe and a smooth steel plate covered with a lubricant. Results indicated that although each test machine gave results of acceptable accuracy, the measuring results of the various machines differed considerably. It was agreed that the test method in its present form is not acceptable as an international standard. (60972)

CIS 93-1716 Signal-controlled unit used by the Austrian railways to enhance workplace safety. (German: Signalabhängige Arbeitsstellen-Sicherungsanlage (SAS) der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen) Poinstingl G., Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, 1992, Vol.104, No.6, p.408-409. Illus. (In German)

A new warning system has been introduced by the Austrian railways for track maintenance personnel to prevent accidents caused by passing trains. Optical and acoustic signals are sent to the construction site to indicate the approaching train which in turn must wait for the tracks-all-clear signal before it can proceed. Both the direction and track on which the train will pass are signalled to the site. (60788)

CIS 93-1717 Technical evaluation of systems for the rapid installation and removal of road vehicle tarpaulins. (French: Evaluation technique des systèmes de bâchage-débâchage rapide des véhicules routiers) Paureau J., Jacqmin M., Liévin D., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1993, No.150, Note No.1911-150-93, p.55-62. Illus. (In French)

In order to evaluate the commercially available systems for the rapid installation and removal of road vehicle tarpaulins, a survey (175 questionnaires, 80%) was carried out in France. Four criteria were selected to assess users' satisfaction: the number of types of incident, the number of modifications required, the number of incidents requiring repairs, change of brand when purchasing new systems. A satisfaction index was established for each criterion and an overall satisfaction index equal to the average of the indexes for the different criteria. For 70% of the questionnaires returned the overall satisfaction index was equal to or greater than 0.8/1, the lowest value at which the authors consider the systems satisfactory. However, 84% of roof tarpaulins were not entirely manoeuverable from the ground, although this is part of their purpose. Annex: list of French manufacturers. (60897)

CIS 93-1718 The geomechanical characteristics of reservoirs and reservoir rocks. Jones M.E., Leddra M.J., Goldsmith A.S., Edwards D., Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 202p. Illus. 100 ref. Price: GBP 40.00., ISBN 0-11-886349-5 (In English)

This report discusses the mechanical behaviour of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks from theoretical, experimental and practical standpoints. The in situ stress and deformation states existing in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the details of how these can be altered during hydrocarbon production are discussed. Data on rock reservoir deformations is necessary in assessing the probability of a deformation problem occurring, estimating its cost and the impact of any safety and environmental implications. A knowledge of the geomechanics of the reservoir rock may influence the design of the hydrocarbon production strategy. (60904)

CIS 93-1719 Safety analysis in conceptual design of process control. Toola A., VTT, Information Service, Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O. Box 42, 02151 Espoo, Finland, 1992. 101p. Illus. 86 ref., ISBN 91-38-4235-5 (In English)

This thesis focuses on the conceptual design of process control systems and the problem of safety requirements determination. The development of a new two-phase method, SCRAM (Safe Control Requirements Analysis Method), for analysing the safety aspects of large processes within reasonable time is described. The method involves an initial hazard identification that studies potential accidents on the basis of materials handled in the process circumstances followed by a modified hazard and operability study concerning process safety and accident causation. Application of the method to three cases is described. (60856)

CIS 93-1720 Rolling scaffolds. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, Rev.ed., 1992. 4p. Illus. Price: CAD 1.15 (members), CAD 2.35 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-019-6 (In English)

This data sheet describes the hazards associated with rolling scaffolds, and measures to prevent falling accidents. These include construction guidelines, precautions before and during use, maintenance and training. Relevant legislation is listed. (60915)

CIS 93-1721 Ladders. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, Rev.ed., Nov. 1992. 4p. Illus. Price: CAD 1.15 (members), CAD 2.35 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-016-1 (In English)

This revised data sheet (previous edition CIS 83-1532) covers: hazards associated with ladders; safe practices in the use of straight ladders and stepladders; maintenance; inspection checklist; training; legislation. (60916)

CIS 93-1722 Air powered hand tools. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, Rev.ed., 1992. 6p. Illus. Price: CAD 1.15 (members), CAD 2.35 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-013-7 (In English)

This data sheet was previously issued in 1989 (see CIS 90-1362). It covers: common types of air powered hand tools; potential hazards; ergonomic considerations for the handling of the tool; safe work practices; training; maintenance; legislation; tool inspection checklist. (60914)

CIS 93-1723 Lockout. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, Rev.ed., Nov. 1992. 6p. Illus. 1 ref. Price: CAD 1.15 (members), CAD 2.35 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-017-X (In English)

This data sheet explains the need to physically neutralise all energies in a piece of equipment before starting any maintenance or repair work and describes a systematic approach to the lockout procedure. A table summarises general lockout guidelines for various energy forms (electricity , fluid pressure, air pressure, kinetic and potential energy, pressurised liquids and gases). (60917)

CIS 93-1724 National occupational health and safety standard for users and operators of industrial equipment. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1992. viii, 220p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-644-24550-6 (In English)

This national standard was drawn up with a view to the eventual standardisation of certification in all Australian States and Territories for the use and operation of the following types of equipment: scaffolding and rigging; cranes and hoists; pressure equipment. The standard provides very precise performance criteria for each element of competence (a "task or component of work which is demonstrable and assessable") within various units of competence ("broad components of work"). Detailed range statements accompany each certificate class, showing the equipment range covered. (61034)

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CIS 93-1725 Improving protection against hepatitis B in the workplace. Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Viral Hepatitis, 1992, symposium special, 7p. Illus. Available from: Medical Imprint, 22 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3LY, United Kingdom. (In English)

This special issue contains papers presented at a session of the International Congress on the Management of Infection (ICMI), held in Amsterdam in 1992. Topics covered: the risks for healthcare workers of hepatitis infection and techniques currently employed to reduce its spread; new US regulations for the control of blood-borne diseases in the workplace; reasons for different approaches to protective vaccination of healthcare workers across Europe; background to the formation of the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board and its aims for European workers. (60801)

CIS 93-1726 Employers have key role in staff protection. Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Viral Hepatitis, 1992, No.2, 11p. Illus. Available from: Medical Imprint, 22 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3LY, United Kingdom. (In English)

This second issue of Viral Hepatitis contains some practical suggestions for improving protection of those occupationally exposed to viral hepatitis including VHPB (Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board) guidelines for the improvement of vaccination programmes. Other articles include a discussion on how to decide who is at occupational risk of hepatitis B, results of a survey into the knowledge and attitudes of unions towards occupational health and hepatitis B in Germany, Spain and the UK and the effects of a national campaign on improving rates of protection among medical students and doctors. (60802)

CIS 93-1727 VHPB acts to eliminate HEP B risk to workers by 1997. Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Viral Hepatitis, 1992, No.3, 11p. Illus. Available from: Medical Imprint, 22 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3LY, United Kingdom. (In English)

This issue contains a discussion of the need for hepatitis B risk assessment along with VHPB (Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board) consensus statements on reducing and assessing the risk of hepatitis B infection in employees, setting up policies and vaccination programmes for hepatitis B prevention and following up an initial course of vaccine. Other articles include studies on the cost-effectiveness of vaccination programmes and a comparison of vaccination policies in Australia and seven European countries. (60803)

CIS 93-1728 Five-step plan to prevent hepatitis B infection. Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Viral Hepatitis, 1992, No.4, 11p. Illus. Available from: Medical Imprint, 22 Lancaster Gate, London W2 3LY, United Kingdom. (In English)

Articles in this issue include consensus statements by the VHPB (Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board) on: no routine work restrictions on infected healthcare workers or non-responders; principles to prevent exposure to blood-borne infections (identification of risk, improved working practices, isolation of potentially infected material, individual protection, compliance monitoring); post-exposure prophylaxis. Other articles discuss the need for measuring compliance with protection guidelines and action recommended by the European Community. (60804)

CIS 93-1729 Transmission of HIV-associated tuberculosis to health-care workers. Di Perri G., Cadeo G.P., Castelli F., Cazzadori A., Bassetti S., Rubini F., Micciolo R., Concia E., Bassetti D., Lancet, 12 Sep. 1992, Vol.340, No.8820, p.682. 6 ref. (In English)

This letter summarises the results of a retrospective review which showed that the incidence of occupational tuberculosis among health care workers caring for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that for those caring for HIV-negative patients. It is considered that besides the preventable risk of acquiring HIV infection, tuberculosis is the major threat for hospital workers assisting AIDS patients. (60926)

CIS 93-1730 Medical surveillance of hospital personnel exposed to risks of direct or indirect infection by HIV-positive subjects. (Italian: Sorveglianza sanitaria dei lavoratori ospedalieri esposti a rischio per contagio diretto e indiretto con soggetti HIV positivi) Arbosti G., Bragonzi G., Carreri V., Perna M.C., Ronchin M., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1990, Vol.2, No.3, p.55-64. 4 ref. (In Italian)

Investigation of the risks for medical personnel deriving from the possibility of contracting infections by the HIV virus. Epidemiological data of personnel showing seroconversion to HIV are presented, with an analysis according to their tasks. Main entry paths for the virus are the skin and the mucous membranes. Personnel is also subject to psychological problems (including burnout) linked to the HIV risk. Since no form of primary prevention is possible, the authors propose several recommendations for the medical surveillance of personnel exposed to risk. (60988)

CIS 93-1731 Needlesticks: Preaching to the seroconverted?. Lancet, 12 Sep. 1992, Vol.340, No.8820, p.640-642. 23 ref. (In English)

This editorial on needlestick accidents discusses the potential for infectious disease transmission and the need for prevention strategies. The principal causes for concern are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Most of the work published on needlestick injuries concerns primary prevention (improved designs for the recapping and disposal of needles, staff training), while secondary prevention issues have been less publicised. It is argued that optimum management of injuries and peace of mind, particularly in less medically informed staff, demand a hospital policy for action and an expert contact for advice. (60925)

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CIS 93-1732 Ergonomic design of the diamond polishing workstation. Gilad I., Messer E., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Jan. 1992, Vol.9, No.1, p.53-63. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

An ergonomic study, performed at several diamond processing setups, points out the lack of ergonomics design of the polishing workstation, which causes injuries in the upper extremity muscular skeletal system, such as neuritis ulnaris, carpal tunnel syndrome, strains and forms of arthritis, which often afflict diamond polishers. This paper addresses the prevailing polishing tasks resulting from the production cell and working procedures currently used in most of the diamond industrial setups all over the world. It presents a design analysis by which future workstations and operators' task characteristics can be changed due to ergonomic and technological criteria. (60757)

CIS 93-1733 Is hard work good for the back? - The relationship between hard work and low back-pain related disorders. Porter R.W., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Feb. 1992, Vol.9, No.2, p.157-160. 33 ref. (In English)

The high incidence of absenteeism from low back pain in heavy manual workers may be related more to the effect of low back pain than to its cause (i.e. back pain is related not so much to the heavy nature of the work causing pain, but the inability to do work when the back is painful). This review examines the relationship between heavy work and both lower lumbar disc protrusion and degenerative low back-pain disorders, concluding that hard work in adult life and early working life probably reduces the incidence of disc prolapse, but increases the risk of symptoms from degenerative disease. Hard work probably has physiological benefits and has a long-term role in rehabilitation. (60748)

CIS 93-1734 Assessing variability in isokinetic strength through a range of motion. Weisman G., Clark A.A., Haugh L.D., Pope M.H., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Feb. 1992, Vol.9, No.2, p.117-125. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

The study concerns measurements and graphic depictions of isokinetic strength (in terms of force generated) in the sagittal plane. Lifting force was measured throughout the same range of motion at four horizontal distances from the body, and at two different lifting speeds. The results show that, while absolute values of force vary, patterns of force are consistent among individuals, and are independent of gender and lift speed. Subjects were able to generate more lifting force in lower regions that are close to the body, and the least force in high regions farthest from the body. This information, especially when presented pictorially, can be readily understood and applied in workplace design and in accommodations to reduce incidence of low back injuries. (60749)

CIS 93-1735 The health aspects of job placement and rehabilitation. Hurst W.M., Industrial Safety Data File, Apr. 1993, p.G:29:1-G:29:7. (In English)

Factors to be considered when an employee with health problems is recruited, changes jobs or returns to work after sickness or injury are discussed. These include: legislation in Britain requiring strict standards of medical or physical fitness for certain jobs; creation of a health policy to include identification of any jobs requiring certain standards of mental and physical fitness; pre-employment health assessments; possible health effects of increased responsibilities and physical effort following a change of job; effects of ageing on performance; job modifications on return to work after sickness; early retirement or termination on health grounds. (60796)

CIS 93-1736 Work-related upper limb disorders. Hurst W.M., Industrial Safety Data File, May 1993, p.G:30:1-G:30:7. (In English)

Work related upper limb disorders (ULD) encompass a range of conditions affecting the soft tissues of the hand, wrist, arm and shoulder. Occupational factors associated with increased risk of ULD include: application of undesirable manual force; frequency and duration of a particular movement; awkward posture of the hand, arm or shoulder. Other related factors include tool design and manner of gripping and vibration. Preventative measures should include: a risk assessment to identify whether specific risk factors are present; work design solutions incorporating ergonomics into the design of tools, machines, workplaces and work methods; training and instruction of employees and job rotation. (60948)

CIS 93-1737 Cumulative trauma disorders. Current issues and ergonomic solutions: A system approach. Parker K.G., Imbus H.R., Lewis Publishers, 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, MI 48118, USA; CRC Press, London Office, 22-24 Torrington Place,London WC1E 7HJ, United Kingdom, 1992. 144p. Index. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 51.00., ISBN 0-87371-322-2 (In English)

This book discusses current knowledge and experience in the aetiology of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) and associated workplace factors, and suggests an approach for control of CTDs in a working environment. Part 1 covers causation of CTDs: body tissues and fatigue; workplace factors (physical stressors at work, sources of ergonomic stress, job design, physical agents); the disorders and their aetiology. Part 2 offers solutions to a multifaceted problem: a systems approach to managing CTDs; ergonomics for prevention; effective occupational medicine for control; minimising lost time and principles of reconditioning. (60919)

CIS 93-1738 Ergonomic design of knee pads. (German: Ergonomische Gestaltung von Knieschützern) Pellmann P., Thümler P., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1992. 45p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: DEM 20.00., ISBN 3-89429-202-4 (In German)

An assessment of all commercially available knee pads for work in a kneeling posture revealed that none fitted the shape of the knee nor offered adequate protection. A method of imaging knee anthropometry was developed and recommendations for the ergonomic design of knee pads were derived. A knee pad designed according to these recommendations is illustrated. Also shown is an ergonomically designed folding chair which allows for a distribution of the body weight other than on the knee only. Summaries in German, English and French. (60830)

CIS 93-1739 Ergonomics for people at work. Webb R.D.G., Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. ii, 47p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: CAD 14.95 (IAPA members), CAD 19.95 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-012-9 (In English)

This guide is in three sections. Section 1 outlines basic ideas of ergonomics (person-process-environment model, system development, intervention strategies, user participation, task analysis). Section 2 explains the basic principles of workspace layout (visual and auditory information, body sizes and shapes, posture, seating, work surfaces, manual handling, manipulation, lighting, heat, noise, vibration, training, organisation). Section 3 presents case studies which illustrate different ergonomics problems and solutions. (60836)

CIS 93-1740 Human body measures - Dynamic body measures. Erichsen K., Jürgens H.W., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1993. 182p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 3-89429-259-8 (In English)

Study of video recordings of the gestures of persons sitting or standing at simulated workstations showed the complex mechanisms that underlie dynamic anthropometric measurements. For example, reach distance does not depend only on the dimensions of the upper limb, but also on the dimensions of the trunk and the flexibility of many joints. Some 122 envelopes of movement are illustrated for the 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male (presumably European) body. (60837)

CIS 93-1741 Back injury prevention handbook. Apts D.W., Lewis Publishers Inc., 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, MI 48118, USA, 1992. x, 186p. Illus. 92 ref. Index. Price: USD 49.95 (USA), USD 59.95 (outside USA)., ISBN 0-87371-419-9 (In English)

This handbook presents a methodology for the prevention of back injury based on physical therapy and worker education. Contents: failures of traditional approaches to back injury; the role of physical therapists in the prevention of back injury; economic aspects of back pain in industry and financial results of back safety education; guidelines on successful training courses for employees; training the trainers; correct lifting techniques; ergonomic aspects; sample exercise programmes; controlling medical costs. (60945)

CIS 93-1742 Occupational overuse syndrome - Treatment and rehabilitation: A practitioner's guide. Wigley R.D., Turner W.E.D., Blake B.L., Darby F.W., McInnes R., Harding P., Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, June 1992. 66p. Illus. 55 ref. Price: NZD 9.95., ISBN 0-477-03499-3 (In English)

Contents of this guide: definitions of occupational overuse syndrome (OOS), why it occurs and occupations affected; a broad management outline; general principles of diagnosis and management; treatment for localised conditions and for diffuse muscle conditions; workplace assessment; action when there is a poor response to medical management. Appendices include: risk factors for OOS; form for self-reporting of discomfort and pain; diagnostic tests; relaxation and postural instruction and sample workplace exercises; basic ergonomics. (60929)

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CIS 93-1743 Preliminary analysis of sensory disturbances and behavioural modifications of astronauts in space. Tafforin C., Lambin M., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.64, No.2, p.146-152. 22 ref. (In English)

Behavioural modifications of astronauts over time spent in microgravity conditions were investigated according to an ethological approach based on video recordings during the Spacelab-1 mission. The method consisted of a description and quantification of motor activity of a subject (movement and orientation) while performing working tasks. The data were correlated with the findings of physiological experiments performed during the same spaceflight. Results revealed an increase in frequencies of certain motor outputs which favoured several specific sensory inputs. Behavioural interpretations are discussed in the light of sensorimotor interactions and cognitive events. (60725)

CIS 93-1744 Study design for microgravity human physiology experiments. Gagnon F.A., Susak L.E., Phillips N., Wing P.C., Tsang I.K.Y., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.64, No.2, p.153-157. 21 ref. (In English)

A step-by-step approach to designing and conducting a small N study is presented. The technique provides a useful method for obtaining the optimum scientific value from studies performed on limited number of subjects in the limited time available in microgravity. An example is given of a small N study design used to plan an investigation of the effects of a substantial height increase on spinal cord function at microgravity. (60726)

CIS 93-1745 Coping with stress at work. Work and Stress, Jan.-Mar. 1993, Vol.7, No.1, p.1-102. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Articles in this special issue cover: work stress and coping - common pathways for future research; review of individual strategies for coping with stress at work; the measurement of coping with stress - construct validity of the Ways of Coping Checklist and the Cybernetic Coping Scale; the three functions of self-control behaviour - redressive, reformative and experimental; coping with daily work problems - contributions of problem content, appraisals and person factors; individual and organisational strategies for coping with organisational change; review of organisational-level interventions to reduce occupational stressors; stress and coping in US organisations and the role of the Employee Assistance Programme. (60857)

CIS 93-1746 Attacks on postmen in Northern Ireland. What features of the attacks are associated with prolonged absence from work?. Jenkinson W.R., Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.43, No.1, p.39-42. 10 ref. (In English)

The sickness absence records of 228 postmen who had been attacked on duty in Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1989 were examined. The pattern of absences due to psychological causes in the six months after the attack was recorded. The presence of relevant sickness absence and the amount was correlated to three specific features of the attacks, i.e. use of arms, use of violence and abduction. Armed attacks produced a significantly more frequent and larger amount of sickness absence. The proportion of victims taking any sickness absence after violent attacks was not significantly greater but those who did so were off work for much longer. Abduction of victims from the scene produced much more frequent absence from work but there was no significant difference in the duration of the absence. The 20 employees who were attacked for a second time during the study period showed a five-fold increase in the length of sickness absence taken. (60872)

CIS 93-1747 Professional pilots' evaluation of the extent, causes and reduction of alcohol use in aviation. Ross L.E., Ross S.M., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.63, No.9, Section 1, p.805-808. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

A survey of professional pilots indicated that alcohol was judged to be a more serious problem in general aviation than in corporate, charter, regional and major airline activities. Respondents identified the individual's inability to control alcohol use as a primary reason for drinking and flying and they endorsed remedies directed toward those individuals. Other factors considered important causes of drinking and flying included pilots' belief that they can compensate for the effects of alcohol and their lack of knowledge about the rate of decrease in blood alcohol concentration as a function of time and amount consumed. (60906)

CIS 93-1748 Preventing stress at work. Conditions of Work Digest, 1992, Vol.11, No.2, 275p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 45.00., ISBN 92-2-108265-2 (In English)

This issue of the ILO's Conditions of Work Digest examines stress at the workplace and the different approaches to preventing and combating this problem. Part I introduces the subject of occupational stress from a preventive point of view and identifies trends and issues in an international perspective, emphasising stress prevention through work reorganisation. Part II presents resources for the prevention of stress at work, consisting of a selection of manuals and guidelines and videos on stress, describing their features and comparing the advice they offer on the best way to combat stress, and an annotated bibliography containing over 90 abstracts of books and articles on occupational stress. Part III analyses 19 case studies on preventive anti-stress programmes in various countries (Canada, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States). These cases illustrate positive examples of how stress is tackled within the workplace, the different types of intervention, the role of the parties involved and the impact of the programmes. (60990)

CIS 93-1749 Substance abuse in the workforce - A guide to managing substance abuse problems in the workplace. Heller D., Robinson A.E., Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Suite 480, 112 Kent Street, Ottawa K1P 5P2, Canada, 1992. 115p. Approx. 230 ref., ISBN 0-9695468-1-5 (In English)

Examined in this review document are: the known effects of alcohol, drugs and other substances of abuse and how they affect work performance and safety; the consequences of intoxication and the potential for jeopardising safety; the effects of chronic abuse; possible techniques for managing workforce substance abuse, including prevention, monitoring, rehabilitation, and discipline; current legislation, regulations and policies applicable to workforce substance abuse and drug testing. (60759)

CIS 93-1750 Medscreen - Drug and alcohol abuse. Medscreen Ltd., 13 John Street, London WC1N 2EB, United Kingdom, 1987. 5 leaflets of 12p., 2p., 3p., 3p., 3p. Price: GBP 2.50. (In English)

Medscreen is a commercial service which offers companies assistance in dealing with the problem of drug and alcohol abuse in the workplace. This series of booklets covers: the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on the workplace; developing and implementing a corporate policy on drug and alcohol abuse; education to create an informed awareness of the implications of misusing drugs and alcohol; providing laboratory services for drug testing to identify those employees with a problem; providing access to counselling and treatment facilities. (60819)

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