CIS 93-351 Health and Safety - The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Price: GBP 3.10., ISBN 0-11-025804-5 (In English)

These Regulations give effect as respects Great Britain to Council Directive 89/654/EEC (see CIS 90-356) concerning minimum safety and health requirements in workplaces (except that ships, construction sites, mineral exploration activities, mines, and to a certain respect, means of transport and agricultural and forestry operations, are excluded). The Regulations impose requirements with respect to: maintenance; ventilation; indoor temperature; lighting (including emergency lighting); cleanliness; room dimensions and unoccupied space; suitability of workstations and seating; the condition of floors; routes for pedestrians and vehicles; falling objects and falls from heights; windows, doors and other openings; escalators and moving walkways; welfare facilities. Portions of The Factories Act 1961 (CIS 89-8), The Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963 (CIS 89-17) and The Agriculture (Safety, Health and Welfare Provisions) Act 1956 are repealed. A large number of safety and health Regulations are completely or partially revoked. Except for the maintenance requirements (effective 1 Jan. 1993), the main provisions of these Regulations, and the repeal and revocation of previous laws and Regulations take effect on 1 Jan. 1996. (59881)

CIS 93-352 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1985. 19p. Price: HKD 7.50. (In English)

Regulations effective 29 Sep. 1955 and updated to 1985. They were issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). Parts in effect in 1985 concern: medical examination of persons employed to work underground; reporting of accidents resulting in death or incapacity, and of dangerous occurrences; power of inspector to take samples; duties of employees concerning safety precautions; noise protection of workers with noise exposure considered to be equivalent to 90dB(A); notifiable workplaces (accident prevention, hygiene, ventilation, lighting, floor drainage, overcrowding, welfare and hygienic facilities, repair and maintenance); offences and penalties. In schedules: list of dangerous occurrences; forms used in the medical examination of underground workers; equivalent noise levels. (59901)

CIS 93-353 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Notification of Occupational Diseases) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1981. 2p. Price: HKD 1.50. (In English)

Regulations effective 12 March 1965 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They require medical practitioners to notify the Director of Medical and Health Services of any case of occupational disease they diagnose in a patient or in the body of a deceased person. In annex: list of occupational diseases (poisoning by one of a number of toxic substances; anthrax; skin cancer or ulceration of the corneal surface of the eye; chrome ulceration; skin inflammation or ulceration produced by dust, liquid or vapour; heat cataract; decompression sickness; pathological manifestations due to radioactive substances or X-rays; silicosis; asbestosis); form to be used for the notification. (59902)

CIS 93-354 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (First Aid in Notifiable Workplaces) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1985. 4p. Price: HKD 1.50. (In English)

Regulations effective 24 Aug. 1968 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They require all notifiable workplaces to have a first-aid box or cupboard, and they specify the contents of these. The minimum number of employees to be trained in first aid is also specified. (59903)

CIS 93-355 Prevention in occupational medicine [Germany]. (German: Arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1990. 17p. (In German)

Revised version of document abstracted under CIS 85-264. These regulations specify the preventive measures to be taken by industrial physicians when workers are exposed to potentially harmful chemical, physical or biological agents, or to dangerous or heavy work. Employers are obliged to provide for the monitoring of exposed workers' health through preventive medical examinations (pre-employment and periodic examinations). General issues covered include: periodicity of examinations, approved physicians, medical certificates, decisions of the insurance association in case of legal action, health records, savings of certificates, follow-up measures after the examination, special measures when dealing with exposure to carcinogens. In the appendix: list of chemical and carcinogenic substances, of physical and biological agents, and of dangerous kinds of work requiring medical preventive measures according to these regulations. (59945)

CIS 93-356 Offshore Safety Act 1992 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 8p. Price: GBP 2.30., ISBN 0-10-541592-8 (In English)

This Act, enacted 6 March 1992, extends the application of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (see CIS 74-2099) to ensure the safety, health and welfare of persons on offshore installation or engaged on pipe-line works, and to secure the safe construction, operation and dismantling of offshore installations and pipe-lines. Penalties are increased for certain offences. (59862)

CIS 93-357 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Blasting by Abrasives) Special Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 1p. Price: HKD 10.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 28 Feb. 1969 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They prohibit, except under special authorisation, the use of free silica as an abrasive in any blasting process. They also require employers to supply blasting workers with an appropriate protective helmet and with clean fresh air. (59904)

CIS 93-358 The European Community and its offshore oil and gas legislation [CEC]. Hollobone T., Mirzoeff J., T.A. Hollobone and Co. Limited, 177A High Street, Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AH, United Kingdom, 1992. ii, 75p. Indices. Price: GBP 84.00., ISBN 0-9516135-4-5 (In English)

This survey of European Communities (EC) legislation concerning offshore oil and gas extraction contains a general description of the EC legislation process. It also contains detailed summaries of relevant EC legislative provisions (mostly directives), classified by broad subject area: consents for exploration, production and transmission; safety and health at work; EC conformity measures; work with dangerous substances; environmental protection; employment. In annex: glossary of terms; abbreviations. (59985)

CIS 93-359 Health and Safety - The Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 4p. Price: GBP 1.05., ISBN 0-11-025740-5 (In English)

These Regulations (entry into force: 1 Jan. 1993) replace the Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1985, and they implement as respects Great Britain Commission Directive 91/659/EEC (see CIS 92-19) adapting to technical progress Annex I of Council Directive 76/769/EEC (CIS 92-22). The Regulations prohibit the importation, supply and use of all forms of amphibole asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, and fibrous actinolite, anthophyllite and tremolite), as well as mixtures containing any of these minerals. Asbestos spraying by any person is prohibited. The supply and use of a number of products (listed in the schedule) containing chrysotile is also prohibited. (59861)

CIS 93-360 Health and Safety - The Control of Asbestos at Work (Amendment) Regulations 1992 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 3p. Price: GBP 1.05., ISBN 0-11-025738-3 (In English)

These Regulations (entry into force: 1 Jan. 1993) amend the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 1987 (see CIS 89-1418), and they implement as respects Great Britain Council Directives 91/382/EEC (see CIS 92-15) and 90/394/EEC (CIS 90-1758). The Regulations redefine the terms action level and control limit. "Action level" is defined as cumulative exposures to asbestos over a continuous 12-week period of 96 fibre-hours/mL of air, when exposure is solely to chrysotile, and 48 fibre-hours/mL of air otherwise. "Control limit" is defined as asbestos concentrations of 0.5 fibres/mL of air (for chrysotile alone) and 0.2 fibres/mL of air when other types of asbestos are present, both averaged over a continuous period of 4h. When averaging is over a continuous period of 10min, the control limit is 3 times the above. The Regulations also make provisions for an obligatory work plan before any work involving the removal of asbestos from buildings or structures, and for emergency action when asbestos escapes into the workplace air at concentrations exceeding the control limit. (59882)

CIS 93-361 European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR) and protocol of signature [United Nations]. (French: Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route (ADR) et protocole de signature [Nations Unies]) United Nations Publications Sales, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 1992. 2 vol. (488p. + 269p.). Illus., ISBN 92-1-139039-7 (Eng), ISBN 92-1-239035-8 (fr) (In English, French)

This two-volume set contains the 17 articles of the Agreement along with Annex A (provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles), and Annex B (provisions concerning transport equipment and operations). Amendments up to 1 Jan. 1993 are included. Annex A covers general provisions, substances and articles classified according to the main type of danger they present, provisions for packaging and labelling and relevant test procedures. Annex B covers general provisions concerning the means of transport and its equipment, responsibilities of vehicle crews, loading, unloading and handling, and operation of vehicles and special provisions applicable to each class of substance. (59898)

CIS 93-362 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Electrolytic Chromium Process) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 2p. Price: HKD 10.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Sep. 1972 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They provide for safe working conditions where electrolytic chromium processes take place, namely: floors of every place where there is an electrolytic bath to be rendered even and impervious to water; installation of effective mechanical exhaust systems; provision, storage and drying of protective clothing; provision of towels and soap to workers; warning notices. Employees are required to use appliances appropriately and to wear protective clothing. (59906)

CIS 93-363 Explosives and articles containing explosives - Safety regulations and enforcement directive [Germany]. (German: Explosivstoffe und Gegenstände mit Explosivstoff - VBG und Durchführungsanweisungen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1991. VBG 55a = 68p.+22p.; VBG 55c = 20p.+15p.; VBG 55h = 19p.+12p.; VBG 55j = 12p.+7p.; VBG 55k = 32p.+12p. Price: DEM 8.00 + 3.40 + 3.10 + 2.00 + 4.00. (In German)

Revised version of a number of German regulations and enforcement directives on the manufacture of explosives and articles containing explosives. (Previous versions, see CIS 79-339). Changes in basic document VBG 55a concern the clearance (generally 20m) between buildings and installations where pyrotechnical products are manufactured or used and specify that individual spaces within a building may be exempted from the clearance requirements if fire or explosion propagation to other spaces is not possible. The subsidiary regulations concern: blasting powders (VBG 55c); detonators (VBG 55h); blasting fuses (VBG 55j); manufacturing of pyrotechnical products (VBG 55k). (59872)

CIS 93-364 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Confined Spaces) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 3p. Price: HKD 10.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Nov. 1973 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). Main topics covered: provision of manholes; use and supply of approved breathing apparatus in confined spaces; certification of safety for confined spaces; training of personnel in the use of breathing and reviving apparatus; prohibition of entry into confined spaces when the proportion of oxygen has been reduced; entry into boiler furnaces and boiler flues; offences and penalties. (59907)

CIS 93-365 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Work in Compressed Air) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 21p. Price: HKD 30.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Apr. 1976 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). The Regulations concern: safety of compressed air operations; man-locks and working chambers; decant locks; medical locks; medical supervision of workers; miscellaneous (notification of work in compressed air, employment of inexperienced workers, advisory leaflets, personal labels, alcohol consumption, smoking, duty to follow instruction of lock attendants, fire safety). Schedules provide details on: purity of compressed air; compression and decompression procedures; decompression tables (in function of length of working period); official forms (in English and Chinese) used for registers, records, medical cards and notifications; advisory leaflet (in English and Chinese) to be given to compressed air workers. (59910)

CIS 93-366 Safety regulations and enforcement directive on continuous conveyors [Germany]. (German: Stetigförderer - VBG und Durchführungsanweisungen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1991. 20p + 32p. Index. Price: DEM 4.70. (In German)

Revised version of the safety regulations and enforcement directive on fixed or mobile mechanical and pneumatic conveyors. For previous version, see CIS 77-1208. The changes adopted prescribe that a minimum distance of 0.5m should be provided in all directions from a conveyor in order to prevent people from being crushed or cut. Enforcement directive: comments on the requirements applicable to tracks as well as to safety devices. (59871)

CIS 93-367 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Woodworking Machinery) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 4p. Price: HKD 10.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Nov. 1971 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They list the duties of proprietors of undertakings where woodworking machinery is used: stopping and starting devices, clear space, floors, lighting, underground rooms, training, machine guarding provisions, maintenance. Persons employed on a woodworking machine are also required to use and maintain in proper adjustment the guards provided in accordance with these regulations. (59905)

CIS 93-368 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1985. 18p. Price: HKD 7.50. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Nov. 1974 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). Contents: safe operation of lifting appliances (including provisions for testing and maintenance of appliances and the training of operators); construction, testing, examination and safe working load of chains, ropes and lifting gear; offences and penalties. In the schedules: procedure for testing and examining lifting appliances and lifting gear; various official forms (in English and Chinese) used for the registration and certification of lifting appliances. (59908)

CIS 93-369 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Abrasive Wheels) Regulations [Hong Kong]. Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 4p. Price: HKD 10.00. (In English)

Regulations effective 1 Jan. 1976 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). Contents: speed of abrasive wheels; speed of spindles; mounting; provision, construction and maintenance of guards; tapered wheels and protection flanges; selection of abrasive wheels; machine controls; rests for supporting the workpiece; warning notices; conditions of floors; responsibilities of workers; offences and penalties. (59909)

CIS 93-370 Ladders and steps [Germany]. (German: Leitern und Tritte) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1992. 15+26p. Index. (In German)

Revised version of these safety regulations (updating document abstracted under CIS 82-55): scope; technical requirements for ladders in general and in particular for special types of ladder (single and double ladders, step-ladders, mechanically operated ladders, fixed ladders, steps); use of various types of ladder; administrative provisions. (59933)

CIS 93-371 Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: Final Rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 6 Dec. 1991, Vol.56, No.235, p.64003-64182. Illus. (In English)

This standard (effective 6 Mar. 1992), aimed at eliminating or minimising occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens (particularly Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)), concerns: definitions; exposure controls; methods of compliance (engineering and work practice controls, personal protective equipment, housekeeping); HIV and HBV research laboratories and production facilities; Hepatitis B vaccination and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up; communication of hazards to employees (labels and signs, information and training); recordkeeping. The introduction to the standard includes a very detailed discussion of: events leading to the standard; health effects of exposure to bloodborne pathogens (epidemiology and symptoms of Hepatitis B and AIDS; other bloodborne pathogens: syphilis, malaria, babesiosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, arboviral infections, relapsing fever, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, human T-lymphotropic virus type I, viral haemorrhagic fever); quantitative risk assessment (principally among health-care workers); significance of risk; regulatory impact/flexibility analysis; environmental impact. (60003)

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CIS 93-372 Acetyl chloride. Loss Prevention News, Jan.-Mar. 1992, Vol.14, No.1, p.19-20. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of skin, eyes, nose, throat and mucous membranes; skin burns. (59931)

CIS 93-373 Aluminium oxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and upper respiratory tract. (59932)

CIS 93-374 Butadiene. Loss Prevention News, Apr.-June 1992, Vol.14, No.2, p.21-22. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: skin burns; severe damage to eyes; irritation of skin, eyes, nose and respiratory tract; carcinogen. (59934)

CIS 93-375 Butylamine. Loss Prevention News, Jan.-Mar. 1992, Vol.14, No.1, p.21-22. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of skin, nose, throat, mucous membranes and eyes; pulmonary oedema. (59935)

CIS 93-376 Cyclopentane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (59936)

CIS 93-377 Diazomethane. (Spanish: Diazometano) Noticias de seguridad, Jan. 1993, Vol.55, No.1, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes; skin and respiratory tract sensitisation; may cause asthma, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema. (59937)

CIS 93-378 Dichloromethane. (Spanish: Cloruro de metileno) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1992, Vol.54, No.12, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: narcotic effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; skin burns; may aggravate angina pectoris. (59938)

CIS 93-379 Diethylamine. Loss Prevention News, Oct.-Dec. 1991, Vol.13, No.4, p.19-20. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: irritation of eyes, mucous membranes, nose, throat and skin; vesiculation and necrosis of the skin; pulmonary oedema; corneal oedema. (59939)

CIS 93-380 Diethyl ether. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and upper respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (59940)

CIS 93-381 Ethyl benzene. Loss Prevention News, July-Sep. 1991, Vol.13, No.3, p.21-22. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association in India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: skin absorption; moderately toxic; irritation of skin and eyes; dermatitis; narcosis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (59941)

CIS 93-382 Ethylene glycol. Loss Prevention News, Oct.-Dec. 1991, Vol.13, No.4, p.21-22. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: injury to kidneys, liver and brain; mild irritation of skin and eyes. (59942)

CIS 93-383 Glutaraldehyde (50% solution). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitisation; asthma; may cause genetic damage in humans. (59943)

CIS 93-384 Hydrofluoric acid. Loss Prevention News, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.14, No.3, p.21-22. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: delayed effects; strongly corrosive; highly irritating; poisonous; severe burns on contact with skin, eyes or mucous membranes; pulmonary oedema. (59944)

CIS 93-385 Isoamyl acetate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. (59946)

CIS 93-386 Magnesium (pellets). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: metal fume fever. (59947)

CIS 93-387 Nitric acid. (Spanish: Acido nítrico) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1992, Vol.54. No.12. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation of eyes, nose, throat and skin; eye burns and damage; skin burns and ulceration; effects on lungs (pneumonia, chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema); corrosive on ingestion; dental erosion. (59949)

CIS 93-388 Nitroglycerine. Loss Prevention News, Apr.-June 1992, Vol.14, No.2, p.19-20. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: skin absorption; highly toxic; neurological effects; sensitisation; ulceration of the skin. (59950)

CIS 93-389 Nitromethane. (Spanish: Nitrometano) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1992, Vol.54, No.8, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect liver and kidneys (animals). (59951)

CIS 93-390 Phosphorus trichloride. (Spanish: Tricloruro fosfórico) Noticias de seguridad, Jan. 1993, Vol.55, No.1, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive to the eyes and skin; corrosive on ingestion. (59952)

CIS 93-391 Potassium hydroxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. (59953)

CIS 93-392 Quinone. (Spanish: Quinona) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1992, Vol.54, No.11, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of eyes, skin and mucous membranes; ulceration of the skin; eye injuries (corneal damage). (59954)

CIS 93-393 Rotenone. (Spanish: Rotenona) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1992, Vol.54, No.11, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); hepatic damage. (59955)

CIS 93-394 Silica, amorphous. (Spanish: Sílice amorfo) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1992, Vol.54, No.10, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: affects the lungs; silicosis; pulmonary fibrosis. (59956)

CIS 93-395 Sodium chlorate. Loss Prevention News, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.14, No.3, p.19-20. (In English)

Fire safety data sheet prepared by the Loss Prevention Association of India, Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; damage to red blood cells on ingestion; respiratory difficulties; renal and hepatic damage. (59957)

CIS 93-396 Sodium metasilicate, anhydrous. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (59958)

CIS 93-397 Stoddard solvent. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects. (59959)

CIS 93-398 Sulphuric acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs; dental erosion. (59960)

CIS 93-399 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver and kidneys. (59961)

CIS 93-400 Trichloronaphthalene. (Spanish: Tricloronaftaleno) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1992, Vol.54, No.9, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: affects the skin (skin eruption; chloracne; eczema; dermatitis) and the liver (jaundice; hepatic damage; hepatic disorders). (59962)

CIS 93-401 Trimellitic anhydride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reactions; haemolytic anaemia. Long-term exposure effects: asthma. (59963)

CIS 93-402 Valeric acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive to the respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (59964)

CIS 93-403 Vinyl acetate (monomer). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (59965)

CIS 93-404 Vinyltoluene. (Spanish: Vinil tolueno) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1992, Vol.54, No.10, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract and the skin; dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (59966)

CIS 93-405 Warfarin. (Spanish: Warfarina) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1992, Vol.54, No.9, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: delayed effects; blood coagulation disorders; haematological effects; haematuria; vascular diseases; internal haemorrhages. (59967)

CIS 93-406 Zinc sulphate heptahydrate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin, nose and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (59968)

CIS 93-407 Zineb. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitisation; may affect the liver; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); menstrual disorders. (59969)

CIS 93-408 Ziram. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p. (In English)

International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may cause genetic damage in humans. (59970)

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CIS 93-409 Personal protective equipment. A guide for employers and safety specialists. (French: Equipements individuels de protection - Présentation pour les employeurs et les spécialistes de la sécurité; German: Persönliche Schutzausrüstungen - Eine Einführung für Arbeitgeber und Sicherheitsfachleute; Italian: Equipaggiamenti individuali di protezione - Una guida pratica per i datori di lavoro e gli addetti alla sicurezza) Marti B., Cahiers suisses de la sécurité au travail, Caisse nationale d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, 6200 Lucerne, Switzerland, Dec. 1992, 87p. Illus. 13 ref. (In French, German, Italian)

This training guide provides information on Swiss legislation applying to personal protective equipment and its selection criteria and safety requirements. Chapter 3 provides advice on how to convince workers to wear the equipment and to accept being obliged to wear it. Equipment dealt with: hair protection equipment, safety helmets, safety spectacles, face and eye protectors, hearing protectors, safety gloves, arm protectors, safety shoes, respirators, work and protective clothing, fall protection. (59691)

CIS 93-410 Dissemination of information and occupational health and safety training in medium-sized enterprises. (Dutch: Voorlichting en onderricht over arbeidsomstandigheden in middelgrote arbeidsorganisaties) Christis J., Koning T., Terra N., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 96p., ISBN 90-5307-293-4 (In Dutch)

In this report a survey is presented on the situation concerning health and safety information and training given in medium-sized enterprises in the Netherlands. Industries investigated include: the metal products industry, intramural health care, construction industry, rubber industry, and road transportation. Health and safety training in medium-sized enterprises is very limited in nature, and the requirements of the Working Environment Act (see CIS 82-1189) are not met by the majority of such enterprises. An intensive programme for supporting organisations with the starting and maintaining of training programmes is recommended. (59786)

CIS 93-411 MESH - Managing employee safety and health. Tel-A-Train Inc., 309 N. Market Street, P.O. Box 4752, Chattanooga, TN 37405, USA, 1991. 9 videotapes + participant's and leader's guides (Illus., Bibl.ref.) + transparency and handout masters. Price: USD 4995.00 for the leader's kit + USD 95.00 per participant's kit. (In English)

A modular training package covering all major aspects of safety and health organisation at the workplace. The nine videotapes are: managing safety and health (causes of occupational accidents and illnesses, responsibilities of supervisors and employees, developing realistic management objectives); effective communication; making safety meetings work; improving employee safety performance; performing a job hazard analysis; inspecting for hazardous conditions; accident investigation; managing ergonomics in the workplace (including, among others, cumulative trauma disorders); managing special compliance concerns (respiratory protection, hearing protection, confined spaces entry, lockout/tagout and hazardous energy control, hazard communication). (60002)

CIS 93-412 Occupational safety and health audiovisual training programs - Revised 1991-1992. National Audiovisual Center, 8700 Edgeworth Drive, Capitol Heights, MD 20743-3701, USA, 1991. 12p. Illus. (In English)

Catalogue of more than 60 safety training programmes (videotapes, audiotapes, slides etc., some with manuals and other printed materials) produced by OSHA, NIOSH, USEPA and other US federal agencies. The programmes are grouped according to broad subject: safety; chemicals; emergency planning; emergency response; industrial hygiene; standards and laws; transportation; ergonomics. Prices indicated throughout. (60006)

CIS 93-413 Don't wait until an inspector calls. Essential facts for small businesses and the self-employed. HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 8p. 4 ref. (In English)

This leaflet lists the key points in British law concerning occupational safety and health and provides advice on how to get further information. Legal obligations and responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (CIS 74-2099) are outlined and the powers of inspectors regarding enforcement of the law are described. (59688)

CIS 93-414 The right to know. An employee guide to information about workplace hazards. Hecker S., Labor Education and Research Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, Mar. 1991. 40p. 6 ref. (In English)

This guide describes important types of occupational safety and health information, where it is found, how to get access to it, the legal issues concerning this information and how to put it to good use. Contents: employer injury and illness records; hazard communication and information on hazardous chemicals in the workplace; exposure records; employee medical records; accident reporting, investigation records and workers' compensation data; right to information under labour law in the US. (59686)

CIS 93-415 Today's occupational health nurse. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 16p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Advice and recommendations regarding the role of the occupational health nurse are presented. The booklet is aimed at those who are unfamiliar with the profession. Duties and responsibilities of an occupational health nurse are discussed. (59805)

CIS 93-416 The occupational physician. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1990. 8p. (In English)

The role and responsibilities of the occupational physician are discussed. Medical duties include health assessment, health hazard evaluation, health promotion, consultation and continuing education. Administrative duties include developing company health policies and procedures, advising management, and reporting on and analysing programmes. (59808)

CIS 93-417 Safe logging practices. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1990. 20p. Illus. (In English)

Safety rules for logging operations are outlined in this booklet. Personal protective equipment, chain saw operation, hand felling, skidding, landing and loading are discussed. (59807)

CIS 93-418 Forest tree planting: Minimum guidelines for safety enhanced field operations. Alberta Forest Products Association, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 23p. (In English)

Minimum standards of practice for all forest tree planting done in the province of Alberta, Canada, are outlined in this training brochure. Responsibilities are described as well as ways to identify hazards, deal with problem wildlife, emergency response, personal protective equipment, first aid, transportation, and campsite considerations. (59810)

CIS 93-419 Courses for MSHA and the mining industry. U.S. Department of Labor, National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, West Virginia, USA, 1992. 65p. Illus. (In English)

Catalogue of courses offered by the US National Mine Health and Safety Academy. For each course, information is provided on its contents, course length, tuition fees (for 1992), name of technical coordinator and dates offered (in 1992). An introduction provides information on study conditions and student life at the Academy. A topical index classifies the courses by broad subject area: accident prevention; electricity; first aid; industrial hygiene; instructors' courses; mine safety; qualification and certification (inspectors, electrical specialists, dust sampling, noise measurement, refuse impounding); refuse impoundment; roof control; technician courses; ventilation. (60005)

CIS 93-420 Cast concrete construction. (German: Massivbau) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1990. 16p. Illus. (In German)

This guide sets out the main general requirements for safe cast concrete construction work: assembly of framework, handling and reinforcement bars, concrete laying and stripping of forms. This version replaces the previous issue published under Merkblatt M 49 (see CIS 79-829). (59927)

CIS 93-421 Inspecting your store - A guide for retailers and employees. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. 36p. Illus. Price: CAD 2.35 (IAPA members), CAD 3.55 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-009-9 (In English)

Contents of this guide: importance of regular planned workplace inspections; legal requirements; guidelines on establishing procedures, preparing for and carrying out store inspections, reporting findings and recommendations and following up. Sample checklists and recording forms are included. (60017)

CIS 93-422 WHMIS education and training programs - Guidelines for employers, workers and regulatory agencies. WHMIS Current Issues Committee, Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, Films and Posters Section, Box 5350, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 5L5, Canada, 1991. 64p. Illus. (In English)

The guidelines in this report were compiled to assist workplaces and regulatory agencies in Canada with meeting and assessing instructional requirements under WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System, see CIS 89-801). General and specific aspects of WHMIS education and training programmes and evaluation of programmes are covered. Instructional resources, such as print and audiovisual materials, as well as WHMIS resource agencies are listed. (59792)

CIS 93-423 Employee's handbook - A guide to the transportation of dangerous goods. Alberta Construction Safety Association, 10949 - 120 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5H 3R2, Canada, 1990. 47p. Illus. (In English)

As part of the course materials for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Training Course, this handbook includes sections on: classification; safety markings; documentation; and reporting of dangerous occurrences. It is intended for employees working in the construction industry. (59795)

CIS 93-424 H₂S: sour gas, hydrogen sulfide - The killer. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 28p. Illus. (In English)

The hazards of working with hydrogen sulfide and measures for controlling these hazards are outlined in this training brochure. Topics covered: sources, properties, and effects of hydrogen sulfide; detection and protection; respiratory protection; special requirements; rescue and first aid; casualty management; employer and employee responsibilities. (59802)

CIS 93-425 Refrigerant safety in ice recreation facilities. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 20p. Illus. (In English)

Guidelines for handling ammonia/fluorocarbon refrigerants in public recreation facilities are detailed in this training brochure. Topics covered: general information about types of refrigerants; facility owner's responsibilities; emergency procedures; safety equipment requirements; first aid; maintenance procedures; basic preventive maintenance; design considerations. (59803)

CIS 93-426 Ethylene oxide handling in hospital. (German: Ethylenoxid im Krankenhaus) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1990. 12p. Illus. (In German)

Safety guide intended to hospital workers handling ethylene oxide. Contents: identification and hazard classification, chemical and toxicological properties, sterilisation processes, safe work practices, periodic control and maintenance of the installations, storage of containers, fire prevention, first aid. (59930)

CIS 93-427 A guide to respirators and breathing apparatus. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992. 51p. Illus., ISBN 0-477-03504-3 (In English)

General guide suitable for the training of workers in the proper use of respirators and breathing apparatus. Contents: general principles of respiratory protection; classification of inhalation hazards (particulate, gaseous, and vapour contaminants; lack of oxygen and main types of respirators; air purifying respirators; airline respirators; self-contained breathing apparatus; respiratory protection programmes; practical considerations (training and instruction; face fitting; supervision in dangerous atmospheres; location); respirator maintenance and storage. In appendix: requirements for air quality (compressors or cylinders) for supplied air respirators. (60001)

CIS 93-428 Portable fire extinguishers. (German: Handfeuerlöscher) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1991. 4p. (In German)

Leaflet presenting in tabular form, for each portable extinguisher, the fire class and the type of fire (materials and substances involved) it is appropriate for, with an indication of the extinguishing agent used. Advice is given on places where this equipment should not be used, because of the presence of live electricity, ventilation or certain kinds of plastic. (59920)

CIS 93-429 Gas and vapour explosions. (German: Explosionen von Gasen und Dämpfen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1990. 19p. Illus. (In German)

This guide is intended to be used by anybody likely to be exposed to an explosion inside the plant. Contents: conditions under which explosions occur, ignition sources, dangerous mixtures with air, critical temperatures, evaluation criteria of the hazard. The protective measures are of three types: those to prevent the occurrence of an explosive atmosphere, those to eliminate ignition sources and those to reduce the consequences of an explosion. (59929)

CIS 93-430 First aid. (German: Erste Hilfe) Meister H., Metschützer D., Schindler G., Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 101p. Illus. Index., ISBN 3-215-07343-9 (In German)

Revised version of the 1989 issue of this publication abstracted under CIS 90-784. This illustrated booklet gives practical advice on the steps to be followed in providing first aid in case of traffic accidents, avalanches, electric shock, falling through the ice of a frozen river or lake, and other accidents. Examples illustrate the different phases of the procedures: removal from danger, taking off helmets of injured persons, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, bleeding, injuries, burns, fractures, poisoning, etc. This booklet may be used for training purposes. (59919)

CIS 93-431 Electrical safety handbook for firefighting personnel - Instructions on how to cope with electrical hazards in rescue and fire situations. Ontario Hydro, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X6, Canada, 2nd ed., 1989. 44p. Illus. (In English)

Instructions on how to cope with electrical hazards in rescue and fire situations are outlined in this booklet. Topics covered: basic facts about electricity; injuries caused by electric shock; fallen wires on the street; victims trapped in vehicles by fallen wires; Padmount transformers and kiosk; using water safety on electrical fires; dealing with electrical wires when fire fighting in houses and other buildings; substation fires; unauthorised persons in substations; fires and explosions in underground electrical vaults; and special procedures. (59801)

CIS 93-432 Lightning protection on construction sites. (German: Blitzschutz auf Baustellen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 6p. Illus. (In German)

This safety booklet is directed at people present on a construction site during a thunderstorm. Aspects covered: start and duration of the hazard, where to look for protection, situations to avoid, tower cranes, first aid in case someone is struck by lightning. (59864)

CIS 93-433 Electrical safety on construction sites. (German: Elektroschutz auf Baustellen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 22p. Illus. (In German)

Safety guide to the use of electricity on construction sites. Contents: sources of electricity on construction sites; protection against water; non-fixed connections; plugs; machinery and equipment; portable hand tools; warning signs; first aid in case of electric shock; survey of legislation in effect in Austria. Update of former Merkblatt M 57 issued in 1989 (CIS 89-1344). (59928)

CIS 93-434 Lift trucks. (German: Stapler) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 18p. Illus. (In German)

This safety guide for lift trucks replaces information sheet Merkblatt M 39 (CIS 89-308) and deals with: types of lift trucks, drivers' qualifications, traffic rules to be observed, safety devices, marking, driving techniques, instructions for materials handling, testing and maintenance, battery-charging stations, lifting of persons. List of relevant Austrian legislation. (59865)

CIS 93-435 Transmission drives. (German: Kraftübertragungseinrichtungen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 29p. Illus. (In German)

This safety guide replaces Merkblatt M 46 (CIS 89-1006). The first chapter is devoted to safety distances to be observed by the operator. After listing the requirements for protective guards, e.g. concerning their shape, use, maintenance, stability, fastening or colour, the booklet describes individual protective measures, e.g. guards for shafts, couplings, spoked wheels, belt, rope and chain drives. Many examples of correct and incorrect solutions are shown in drawings and colour photographs. (59863)

CIS 93-436 Lifelines and safety belts. (German: Sicherheitsseile und Sicherheitsgürtel) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 18p. Illus. (In German)

Contents of this guidance note: description of the safety belts according to the type of rigging and fibre used, buckles, different parts of the belts and harnesses. Advice is given on procedures for the visual inspection of natural and synthetic fibre safety belts and lifelines. The main types of wear and damage are shown in colour illustrations. Details on regular safety checks. (59900)

CIS 93-437 Chain saws. (German: Motorsägen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 14p. Illus. (In German)

Contents of this guidance note applying to portable power chain saws: types of saws according to the power source of the engine; parts of saws and related hazards; safety devices; safety rules for carrying the saw and starting the engine; fuelling; personal protective equipment, environmental protection, legal provisions. A checklist is provided for a maintenance schedule. (59899)

CIS 93-438 Safe work procedures for highway asphalt paving operations. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1990. 32p. Illus. (In English)

Responsibilities and qualifications of personnel as well as requirements for paving equipment and operations are detailed in this booklet. Diagrams indicating typical worker locations for different types of highways are included. (59806)

CIS 93-439 Don't strain yourself. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 28p. Illus. (In English)

Measures to prevent muscle and joint sprains are described in this training brochure. The importance of physical fitness, avoiding certain types of movements and safe manual lifting techniques are emphasised. (59804)

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CIS 93-440 Variation of accident rates over the week. (German: Die Unfallhäufigkeit im Wochenverlauf) Jacke H., A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.48, p.1276, 1279-1281. Illus. 5 ref. (In German)

Results of a statistical analysis of 833 recorded accidents in forestry in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany (Fed.Rep.), reveal e.g.: accidents were more frequent on Mondays than on other days of the week and in State-owned forests. The age group of 50 to 60 year old forestry workers contributed most to the Monday accident rate. In almost half of these cases the accident cause was slipping. (59975)

CIS 93-441 Worker[s] and the work environment. (Estonian: Töötaja ja töökeskkond) Nermann H., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1993, No.1, p.13-14 (Estonian), p.15-16 (English), p.16-17 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

Survey of the worker protection system under development in the newly independent Republic of Estonia, and the role of the State Labour Inspectorate, set up on the basis of a Government Resolution dated 10 July 1990. The organisational structure of the Inspectorate is also given. (59926)

CIS 93-442 Regression analysis of time trends in occupational accidents (Israel, 1970-1980). Pines A., Lemesch C., Grafstein O., Safety Science, July 1992, Vol.15, No.2, p.77-95. 39 ref. (In English)

An analysis of routine National Insurance Institute data was made using a linear regression model. During the period 1970-80, there was found to be an obvious decrease in occupational accident incidence and a smaller drop in severity both for accidents occurring at work and during commuting. Manufacturing industries accounted for most of the decrease, followed by transport and communication, and services. The linear regression procedure is considered to be a useful tool for the assessment and comparison of accident statistic trends over a relatively short period of time. (59683)

CIS 93-443 Accident statistics - Summary 1990-1991. (Spanish: Estadísticas de accidentalidad - Resumen 1990-1991) Jazmín Moreno A., Protección y seguridad, July-Aug. 1992, p.1-8. Illus. (In Spanish)

Detailed statistics on occupational accidents in Colombia during 1990 and 1991. Data were collected in 1990 from 51 enterprises and in 1991 from 41. The enterprises represented the following economic sectors: food and beverages; plastics and rubber; hotels and buildings; metalworking; mines, cement and ceramics; paper-making and printing; petrochemical and laboratories; public services; textiles. Frequency and incidence rates and average number of workdays lost per accident are calculated. (59840)

CIS 93-444 Occupational Health and Safety - Legislative update [Canada - Quebec]. (French: Santé et sécurité au travail - Du nouveau dans les lois [Canada - Québec]) Prévention au travail, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.5, No.6, 16p. Illus. (In French)

Comments on the amendments made on 15 June 1992 to the Occupational Health and Safety Act (CIS 87-1131) and to the Industrial Accident and Occupational Diseases Act of Quebec (CIS 86-1480). Principal changes include: removing occupational health and safety from the legal sphere by encouraging conciliation procedures; reduction of delays and of costs. Mechanisms involved: medical assessment (creation of the Bureau d'évaluation médicale, appeals of medical decisions by the CSST (Commission de la Santé et de la Sécurité du Travail) or the employer); reassessment of a decision by the CSST; revision and appeal; other changes; addresses of the regional offices of the CSST. (59677)

CIS 93-445 Occupational health and its development perspectives in Estonia. (Estonian: Töötervishoid Eestis ja selle arengu perspektiivid) Kahn H., Eesti Töötervishoid - Estonian Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety - Medicina truda Ėstonii, 1993, No.1, p.5-7 (Estonian), p.8-10 (English), p.10-12 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Estonian, Russian)

Survey of occupational health in Estonia, in particular since independence in 1991. Contents: occupational health programmes under preparation; current legislation; organisation of occupational health; qualifications of staff; establishment of the Estonian Centre of Occupational Health and of the Estonian Labour Inspectorate; training of staff; research activities; international collaboration. (59925)

CIS 93-446 Fatal and non-fatal accidents: Identical versus differential causation. Salminen S., Saari J., Saarela K.L., Räsänen T., Safety Science, July 1992, Vol.15, No.2, p.109-118. 40 ref. (In English)

Competing hypotheses on whether minor and major injuries are preceded by identical or different circumstances were examined by comparing fatal occupational accidents with non-fatal accidents. A workplace analysis and an accident analysis were carried out on 99 serious occupational accidents, 20 of which had fatal consequences. Fatal accidents were found to differ from non-fatal accidents both in the type of accident and the distribution of accident factors. Results provide more support for the hypothesis that different circumstances produce minor and major accidents. (59684)

CIS 93-447 Guide to safety in business and the community - 1993 Edition. (French: Guide de la sécurité des entreprises et des collectivités - Edition 1993) Face au risque, Dec. 1992, Supplement to No.283, 352p. Illus. Index. (In French)

This practical guide to safety is a directory of safety-related organisations and enterprises in France. Part 1 contains the addresses of official national or regional bodies involved with safety issues, safety organisations, trade unions, associations, testing laboratories, training institutions and safety engineering firms. Part 2 covers manufacturers and installers of fire safety equipment, as well as services connected with fire safety. Part 3 deals with prevention of theft, sabotage and other criminal acts. Part 4 lists manufacturers and installers of pollution-control equipment, as well as anti-pollution services. Part 5 covers manufacturers of personal protective equipment. Part 6 lists addresses of manufacturers. Thematic and alphabetical indexes are provided. (60010)

CIS 93-448 Organising for safety: International trade union action on health, safety and the environment - Inside and outside the workplace. International Federation of Chemical, Energy and General Workers' Union (ICEF), avenue Emile de Béco 109, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1991. 136p. Illus. (In English)

Collection of papers presented at the World Conference on Occupational Health and the Environment "Organising for Safety", held in Miami (Florida, USA), on 15-17 October 1990. The keynote speech was on Industrial Change and the Environment (presented by V.E. Thorpe, ICEF Deputy General Secretary), with particular emphasis on: waste poisons, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, ionising radiation and the "greenhouse effect". Other topics considered by papers: organising for safety; particular experiences in Sweden, Bangladesh, Spain, Czechoslovakia, Germany, India, Nigeria, USA, Malaysia, Japan, Italy, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Norway, Mexico, Hungary, Denmark, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Thailand, the Netherlands, Finland and France. In annex: example or model agreements concerning environmental protection and made between unions and employers in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the USA; summary of the ILO Convention on the safe use of chemicals at work; a sample international chemical safety card. (60019)

CIS 93-449 Accident analysis and accident reporting. (Dutch: Ongevalsonderzoek en -rapportage) Roels J., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 110p. 16 ref., ISBN 90-5307-249-7 (In Dutch)

Traditional accident investigations start from the premise that there is only one cause for a specific industrial accident. This limits the framework and scope of the accident investigation, and does not take other factors into consideration that might be of essential importance for preventing similar accidents in the future. In this study a model for accident analysis is presented that widens the scope of the investigation, so that unexpected causes can be revealed. Attention is given to: description of the model (differentiation of four phases in the course of the accident; factors that play a role in causing accidents (personal factors, physical/technical factors, and organisational factors)), preparation and execution of the accident investigation at the site of the accident, registering of the data, and making the accident report. (59716)

CIS 93-450 Databases on measures to prevent occupational exposure. Swuste P., Hale A., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, Aug. 1992. iii, 26p. Illus. 23 ref., ISBN 90-5307-280-2 (In English)

Recent initiatives to provide information on preventive measures in an abbreviated, eventually electronic format, the so-called Solution databases, are a new development in the field of occupational health and safety. In the United Kingdom (Noise control databank, BOHS air contaminant control case histories), Australia (SHARE), the United States (NIOSH Control Technology Database), Sweden (Miljöbanken) and Canada (SOLUTIONS) such databases are either at an experimental stage, or a prototype has already been developed. In this report a survey of these data banks is presented. Attention is given to: status, purpose and size of the data banks; contents and output; keyword coding; classification of sources and solutions; user and provider groups. Interviews were held with representatives of potential user groups in the Netherlands to establish their current practice in searching for preventive measures and the consequences of this for the storage and accessibility of the information in the data banks. The lack of a classification of preventive measures and production processes in the present data banks restricts the general applicability of preventive measures and their transferability between various branches of industry. Detailed summary in Dutch. (59785)

CIS 93-451 Standing Technical Committee for Health and Medical Services - General Report. (French: Commission technique permanente pour les services médicaux et de santé - Rapport général) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. iii, 60p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-2-108399-3 (Eng), ISBN 92-2-208399-7 (fr) (In English, French)

This General Report was prepared by the International Labour Office to serve as a basis for discussion at the Standing Technical Committee for Health and Medical Services held in Geneva from 23 September to 1 October 1992. It concentrates on issues selected for their particular importance and topicality in the sector: employment; labour relations and the determination of conditions of employment; working time; remuneration; occupational safety and health. (60009)

CIS 93-452 National occupational accident statistics (for the years 1988, 1989 and 1990). (French: Statistiques nationales d'accidents du travail (années 1988, 1989, 1990)) Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Direction de la prévention des risques professionnels, 33 avenue du Maine, 75015 Paris, 1992. 369p. (In French)

Financial statistics based on information provided by the 16 French regional health insurance funds. Nationwide and regional data are broken down by industry, and by various factors such as: number of accidents resulting in absence from work; those resulting in permanent disability or death; average cost of accidents resulting in absence from work or in permanent disability; overall risk by region; trends in the annual incidence rate from 1988 to 1990; age, sex and nationality of the victim; professional qualification of the victim; nature of and body part affected by the injury; place where the accident took place; causes. Statistics on occupational diseases for 1990 are also covered by region and industry, with trends between 1981 and 1990. (59825)

CIS 93-453 National occupational accident statistics (for the years 1987, 1988 and 1989). (French: Statistiques nationales d'accidents du travail (années 1987, 1988, 1989)) Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Direction de la prévention des risques professionnels, 33 avenue du Maine, 75015 Paris, 1991. 370+39p. (In French)

Financial statistics based on information provided by the 16 French regional health insurance funds. Nationwide and regional data are broken down by industry, and by various factors such as: number of accidents resulting in absence from work; those resulting in permanent disability or death; average cost of accidents resulting in absence from work or in permanent disability; overall risk by region; trends in the annual incidence rate from 1987 to 1989; age, sex and nationality of the victim; professional qualification of the victim; nature of and body part affected by the injury; place where the accident took place; causes. Occupational diseases are also covered by region and industry. Statistics for 1989 are examined in more detail, and with the help of charts, in a booklet (39p.) attached to this book. (59826)

CIS 93-454 The Labour Inspectorate at the shopfloor level. (Dutch: De Arbeidsinspectie over de (werk)vloer: een participerende observatie-studie van de interventie in arbeidsorganisaties) Wilthagen A.C.J.M., Harryvan R.H., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 232p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 90-5307-026-5 (In Dutch)

This report aims to give a systematic description and analysis of the motives, procedures and results of interventions by the Dutch Labour Inspectorate in enterprises. Attention is given to: background and description of the study (including discussion of a number of policy developments and previous studies in this field); procedures and motives of visits by Labour Inspectors; evaluation of health and safety problems; control measures. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the majority of enterprises where the Labour Inspectorate finds shortcomings with respect to the working environment take corrective measures relatively quickly. However, in many cases there is a lack of self-initiated activities in companies with respect to a structural approach in improving the working environment. (59717)

CIS 93-455 Effectiveness of the intervention process of the Labour Inspectorate: The development of methods for measuring results. (Dutch: Effectiviteit interventieproces Arbeidsinspectie: het ontwikkelen van een instrumentarium voor effectmeting) van Eijk M.H., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 151p. 38 ref., ISBN 90-5307-273-X (In Dutch)

Report of a study on the effectiveness of the intervention process by the Dutch Labour Inspectorate. The aim of this study is to develop methods for assessing the working procedures of the Labour Inspectorate, in order to enable it in the future to determine the effectiveness of its activities. In this report the procedures and the results of inspections in the metal products industry are described for three districts of the Labour Inspectorate. The results do not allow the development of a single protocol. However, a number of tools could be established that might assist in a systematic and uniform assessment of the intervention processes. Examples of questionnaire surveys used in the evaluation process are included in the appendix. (59718)

CIS 93-456 1992 Catalogue of OSH services - Federal Republic of Germany. (German: Dienststellenverzeichnis Arbeitsschutz - Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Ausgabe 1992) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, Postfach 10 11 10, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1992. 171p. Index., ISBN 3-89429-155-9 (In German)

This directory contains addresses, areas of activity and names of personnel of the following institutions: Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Accident Research; labour inspectorates of the Länder and mines inspectorates; professional mutual accident insurance associations of industry and agriculture; technical surveillance associations. Alphabetical index. (59828)

CIS 93-457 Activities of the Labour Inspectorate in 1990. (German: Die Tätigkeit der Arbeitsinspektion im Jahre 1990) Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Zentral-Arbeitsinspektorat, Stubenring 1, 1010 Wien, Austria, 1992. 389p. Illus. (In German)

Contents: role and responsibilities of the inspectorate; new legal provisions; analysis of occupational accidents and disease statistics; protection of special categories of workers (women, young workers) and working conditions (hours of work, night work, home work); coordination, information and training activities of the inspectorate. (59990)

CIS 93-458 The Health and Safety Directory 1991/92. Croner Publications Ltd., Croner House, London Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 6SR, United Kingdom, 1991. ix, 916p. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 1-870080-43-2 (In English)

1991-1992 Directory listing: authorities involved in the regulation of occupational health and safety matters in the United Kingdom (UK); regional and local public bodies interested in health and safety; important international and foreign organisations; health and safety in industry; organisations providing training and educational courses; existing and proposed legislation in the UK and the European Community; approved Codes of Practice in the UK; ongoing research projects in the UK; diary of upcoming events in the UK and elsewhere; major sources of information; acronyms, initials and abbreviations. (59689)

CIS 93-459 Working environment measurement system in Japan. Working Environment Improvement Office, Ministry of Labour, Japan Association for Working Environment Measurement, 2-3-31 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, 2nd ed., Mar. 1991. 74p + 10p. Insert. Illus. (In English)

Contents: working environment control; working environment measurement; overview of Article 65 of the Industrial Safety and Health Law; establishment of working environment assessment procedures; overview of Article 65-2 of the Industrial Safety and Health Law; overview of the Working Environment Measurement Law; registration of working environment measurement experts and agencies; formulation of the model measurement record form. Appendices cover: extracts of relevant laws and regulations; standards on measurement and evaluation; qualifications of experts; report of an expert committee on the regulation of airborne toxic substances in the workplace; organisation of the Japan Association for Working Environment Measurement; the Working Environment Measurement Expert outline of the annual Working Environment Measurement Promotion Campaign. Separately bound summary in Japanese. (59702)

CIS 93-460 Integrated policy plan on working conditions. (Dutch: Integraal Beleidsplan Arbeidsomstandigheden) Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid), Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 65p. (Dutch ed.), 84p. (Engl. ed). (In Dutch, English)

This document was prepared for the Dutch government, in order to investigate ways to reduce the very high rate of sickness absenteeism (7.8%) and disability (1.6% of the labour force) in the Netherlands. The main recommendations are for an increase in "job quality", and for an improvement of hazardous working conditions. The role of the government, and in particular the Labour Inspectorate, is stressed. Areas of safety and health explored in depth are: noise; lift safety; toxic substances; radiological protection; safety and health issues affecting young people; reduction of working hours for professional drivers. Extensive statistics. (59781)

CIS 93-461 Public preferences for life saving. Cropper M.L., Aydede S.K., Portney P.R., Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA, May 1992. 78p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

Results are presented of a study in which 3000 members of the general public were asked to choose between pairs of hypothetical life-saving pollution control programmes. In some cases the choices involved programmes that would save persons at different points in time, in other cases the choice was between programmes that would save persons of different ages. The relationship between people's discount rate for money and their discount rate for lives was also investigated. Results are discussed and substantiated by comparison with other surveys and it is concluded that the findings, although preliminary, have important policy implications. (59819)

CIS 93-462 Computers in health and safety. Rawls G.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association, P.O. Box 8390, 345 White Pond Dr., Akron, OH 44320, USA, 1990. xv, 240p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-932627-39-0 (In English)

This monograph, written by 16 authors, contains chapters on: introduction to microcomputers; microcomputer technology; industrial hygiene programs on airborne contaminant exposure, noise, ventilation, statistics, and ionising radiation; mainframes and microcomputers including integrated occupational health computer systems; getting data in and out of the database; database management, computer-aided design in industrial hygiene; real-time data acquisition; microcomputer communication; automated information retrieval systems; computer security; compact disc-read only memory; an industrial hygiene computer system coding scheme; video display terminals; system designing. Each chapter includes theoretical discussion and, where applicable, practical examples of application in occupational health and safety. A glossary or sources of information or suppliers are appended in some chapters. The last chapter is an extended glossary. (59823)

CIS 93-463 Profile on occupational safety and health in Thailand. Ono H., Enomoto K., Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA), ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. vi, 30p. Price: USD 6.00., ISBN 92-2-108614-3 (In English)

This profile on occupational safety and health administration in Thailand was published with the co-operation of the Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA). Contents: framework of administrative and legal institutions; countermeasures against industrial injuries; the trend of industrial injuries; difficulties in administrative development; prospects for the future. In the annex: a survey of the main laws (notifications of the Ministry of Interior) on occupational safety and health; organisational charts of public OSH organisations (Ministry of Interior and the NICE institute); detailed statistics on industrial injuries (1988). (59866)

CIS 93-464 Profile on occupational safety and health in Pakistan. Ono H., Enomoto K., Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA), ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. vi, 22p. Illus. Price: USD 5.00., ISBN 92-2-108613-5 (In English)

This profile on occupational safety and health administration in Pakistan was published with the co-operation of the Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA). Contents: framework of administrative and legal institutions; countermeasures against industrial injuries; the trend of industrial injuries; difficulties in administrative development; prospects for the future. In the annex: a survey of the main laws on occupational safety and health; organisational charts of public OSH organisations at the national and provincial level; detailed statistics on industrial injuries (1980-1988); number of registered factories and workers employed (1980-1988). (59867)

CIS 93-465 Profile on occupational safety and health in Indonesia. Ono H., Enomoto K., Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA), ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. vi, 36p. Price: USD 6.00., ISBN 92-2-108612-7 (In English)

This profile on occupational safety and health administration in Indonesia was published with the co-operation of the Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA). Contents: framework of administrative and legal institutions; countermeasures against industrial injuries; the trend of industrial injuries; difficulties in administrative development; prospects for the future. In the annex: full text of Act No.1 of 1970 on Safety (see also CIS 85-1791); organisational charts of the Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health; detailed statistics on industrial injuries (1985-1989); breakdown of occupational injuries, by industry, age and severity (1989). (59868)

CIS 93-466 CCH occupational health & safety glossary. CCH International Marketing, P.O. Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, 1992. xiv, 138p. Illus. 20 ref., ISBN 1-86264-504-3 (In English)

English-language glossary of approx. 1,400 terms frequently used in the field of occupational safety and health. Detailed definitions of many terms. Cross references. Australian and US safety and health practice is emphasised. (59869)

CIS 93-467 The Health and Safety Directory 1992/1993. Croner Publications Ltd., Croner House, London Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 6SR, United Kingdom, 1992. v, 157p. Index., ISBN 1-870080-52-1 (In English)

Completely redesigned directory of health and safety institutions, legislation and events, with primary emphasis on the United Kingdom and the European Communities (for previous edition, see CIS 93-458). Contents: detailed description (structure, functions, senior personnel, addresses, telephone and telefax numbers, publications etc.) of regulatory authorities and enforcing agents (the Health an Safety Commission (HSE), UK government departments and statutory / advisory bodies, local authorities); industrial associations in the UK dealing with safety and health matters (grouped by industry); independent professional bodies in the UK; health and safety training providers in the UK (examination boards; universities, polytechnics, colleges; training centres; industrial and professional training organisations; open learning institutions); health and safety in Europe (activities and organisations of the European Communities in occupational safety and health matters; details on important OSH organisations in various European countries; other members of the EEC, Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland). In appendix: list of acronyms; name changes since the last edition. (60004)

CIS 93-468 Safety rules for personal distress signals. (German: Sicherheitsregeln für Personen-Notsignalanlagen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct. 1991. 26p. Illus. Price: DEM 3.50. (In German)

These safety rules apply only to personal distress signals connected to a central receiving station. Contents: scope; definitions; general provisions; equipment (marking and labelling, the equipment worn by the individual, the central receiving station, personal distress signals with telephones, instructions to users); system operation (general provisions, specific provisions concerning the portable units and the receiving station, storage, maintenance, modification and commissioning of installations); inspection and testing; entry into force. Appendices: illustrations; decision tree for the introduction of personal distress signals in isolated workplaces; non-exhaustive list of dangers and impediments to which workers may be exposed; maximum allowable reaction times; typical application; pertinent directives and safety rules. (59874)

CIS 93-469 Joint health and safety committees. A guide for members and employers. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. 32p. Price: CAD 2.35 (IAPA members), CAD 3.55 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-000-5 (In English)

The revised edition of this guide (see CIS 91-1867 for previous edition) provides information about the legal functions and powers of joint health and safety committees in Ontario along with practical guidelines to help establish procedures and activities. Contents: definition and purpose of joint committees; legal requirements; committee organisation (selection of officers, roles of officers and members); effective meetings; communications. In the appendix: guidelines for employers; training and education. (59972)

CIS 93-470 Guidelines for work in contaminated areas. (German: Richtlinien für Arbeiten in kontaminierten Bereichen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Apr. 1992. 50p. (In German)

Contents: scope (exclusion of emergency response, normal waste disposal, radioactive sites, removal of explosive material or asbestos, work in sewage treatment facilities, sites contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, work with genetically engineered organisms); definitions; general requirements, contracts; coordination of contractors; supervision; limitations on young workers and women, and on working alone; hazard communication and documentation; workplace monitoring; preliminary investigations; construction work; supplemental provisions for installations for decontamination of soil, liquids or building materials (including microbially contaminated soils); fire safety; first aid and rescue; personal emergency information cards; medical surveillance; personal protective equipment. Appendices: sample forms; lists of pertinent laws, directives, safety rules and standards. (59877)

CIS 93-471 1991 Catalogue of guidelines, safety rules, principles, data sheets and other occupational safety and health publications from the mutual occupational accident insurance associations [Germany]. (German: Verzeichnis - Richtlinien, Sicherheitsregeln, Grundsätze, Merkblätter und andere berufsgenossenschaftliche Schriften für Arbeitssicherheit und Arbeitsmedizin) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct. 1991. 50p. (In German)

This brochure lists, in alphabetical order and by catalogue number the guidelines, safety rules, principles, information notes and other publications of the Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Berufsgenossenschaften) applicable in Germany in 1991. Each entry gives the issuing organisation, catalogue number and price. List of abbreviations. Order blank. (59879)

CIS 93-472 List of individual accident prevention directives of the "Berufsgenossenschaften" (VBG directives). (German: Verzeichnis der Einzel-Unfallverhütungsvorschriften der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (VBG Vorschriften)) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct. 1991. 16p. Price: DEM 7.00. (In German)

1991 List of safety directives and associated rules of application from the Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Berufsgenossenschaften) of Germany. Alphabetic list with catalogue numbers, dates of publication and prices; list by catalogue number citing rules of application. (59880)

CIS 93-473 A guide to the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. 48p. Price: CAD 2.35 (IAPA members), CAD 3.55 (non-members)., ISBN 1-55127-008-0 (In English)

Revised edition of this guide (see CIS 91-823) for previous edition). Contents: application of the Act; general duties of employers, supervisors, workers and others; employee relations (establishment and functions of health and safety committees and duties of representatives; right to refuse or stop work; worker's right to know; confidentiality of information); notice and reporting requirements; control of toxic substances and hazardous materials; administration and enforcement; list of regulations made under the Act. For a full text of the Act, see CIS 87-730, as amended (CIS 88-1415, 91-1403). (59971)

CIS 93-474 Economic and legal factors and their relationship to the safety policies of companies. (Dutch: Economische en juridische factoren en hun relatie met het veiligheidsbeleid van ondernemingen) van de Laak P.J.A., Olden J.T., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 79p. 39 ref., ISBN 90-5307-281-0 (In Dutch)

With the introduction of financial incentives in the system of social security the Dutch government tries to motivate companies to invest in the quality of work. In order to assess the effectiveness of this policy more knowledge is needed on the mechanism determining the effects of external factors in the establishment of safety measures in companies. In this report the external factors are divided into economic and financial factors (differentiation in social security premium payments, provision of subsidies, taxation measures, product liability measures). The aim of this study is to determine what preventive measures employers already take in their organisations, what motives employers have for establishing safety measures, what factors employers consider to be obstacles, and under what conditions employers are interested in providing more attention to health and safety in the company, and what the need is for support. On the basis of a survey of the literature and the results of a workshop a hypothesis is presented on the mechanism of economic and legal factors resulting in preventive measures. (59720)

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CIS 93-475 Chest radiographs in subjects with asbestos-related abnormalities: Comparison between ILO categorizations and clinical reading. Hilt B., Borgersen A., Lien J.T., Langård S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.855-861. 19 ref. (In English)

The findings of a previous chest X-ray screening, determined without using standardised criteria, were reassessed by means of the ILO classification. Of 470 radiographs that had been determined as showing asbestos-related, 430 were categorised according to the ILO Classification. Small opacities with profusion ≥ 1/0 were described in 39 (52%) of 75 participants who, on the original clinical reading, had been determined as having lung fibrosis, and in 45 (12.7%) of 355 who were determined as having pleural changes only. When considering circumscribed pleural thickening at the chest wall or diaphragm, as categorised by the ILO Classification, such changes were present in 401 (93.7%) of 428 subjects with pleural changes as determined on the clinical reading. In addition to the improved sensitivity and specificity achieved, the ILO Classification also allows comparison with other studies. The most apparent disadvantage of the ILO system is that it cannot firmly separate the various types of asbestos-related pleural changes. (59707)

CIS 93-476 Occupational hearing loss in New York dairy farmers. Marvel M.E., Pratt D.S., Marvel L.H., Regan M., May J.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1991, Vol.20, No.4, p.517-531. Illus. 10 ref. Appendix. (In English)

A study of 49 randomly selected, full-time dairy farmers was performed to assess the prevalence and nature of hearing loss in this population. An age- and sex-matched group of rural non-farmers was also studied. Medical, occupational, and recreational histories were taken and standard audiometric testing was administered. Sixty-five percent of farmers had hearing loss in the higher frequencies and 37% had losses in the mid-frequency range as compared to 37% and 12% of non-farmers respectively (p<.01). The age of the subjects and the number of years spent farming were highly correlated with hearing loss. Correlation and regression analyses supported the hypothesis that the difference in the prevalence of hearing loss between the dairy farmers and the non-farmers was due to occupational noise exposure on the farm. (59693)

CIS 93-477 Time factors in VDT-induced myopia and visual fatigue - An experimental study. Watten R.G., Lie I., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.13-20. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

In an experimental design with two matched groups (n=13 and n=17) working for 2h and 4h respectively, followed by a 15min restitution time, the study examined the effect of continuous VDT work on: (1) visual acuity, refraction and oculomotor functions (ZCSV: zone of clear, single vision) and (2) the effect of 15min restitution time on the oculomotor functions (ZCSV). In both groups there was a significant reduction in visual acuity, refraction changes in myopic direction and reduced ciliar and vergence muscle capacity. The ZCSV changes were temporary and a 15min restitution period restored approximately half of the ZCSV changes. There were no significant differences between 2h or 4h of VDT work on any of the variables examined. (59833)

CIS 93-478 A case-control study of risk factors for industrial back injury: Implications for primary and secondary prevention programs. Daltroy L.H., Larson M.G., Wright E.A., Malspeis S., Fossel A.H., Ryan J., Zwerling C., Liang M.H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1991, Vol.20, No.4, p.505-515. 26 ref. (In English)

Data were collected on 228 consecutive back injuries in Boston's General Mail Facility and 228 non-injured controls drawn randomly from each case's work unit, matching on craft (clerk, mailhandler, maintenance), shift, and general supervisor. Data were collected on age, sex, duration of employment, 3 year history of injury claims, overtime work in the past 2 weeks, job change in the past 60 days, and machine vs. manual job. Risk factors for back injury were examined. They included history of back injury claim, younger age, shorter duration of employment, recent job change, and history of non-back injury claim. Among heavy lifters (vs. clerks) overtime and being female increased the risk of injury. (59692)

CIS 93-479 From conjecture and refutation to the documentation of occupational diseases in Taiwan. Wang J.D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1991, Vol.20, No.4, p.557-565. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

The documentation of occupational diseases in a developing country like Taiwan is a challenge to an occupational physician. For lack of a system including material safety data sheets (MSDS), workers are usually not aware of what chemicals they are exposed to. Since many occupational diseases have long latencies and do not show any specific symptoms and signs, recognition and identification of their occupational origin are often very difficult. Using databases which provide a relatively complete list of industrial chemicals and a set of specific signs and/or symptoms, combined with the epidemiologic approach of conjectures and refutations the authors have documented eight kinds of occupational diseases and an outbreak of botulism. A similar approach can be applied to any other country in a similar situation, and a system involving an identification sheet (e.g. MSDS) for each chemical should be advocated and implemented in such countries as one means to enable prompt recognition and prevention of occupational diseases. (59695)

CIS 93-480 Bladder cancer and occupation in Shanghai, 1980-1984. Zheng W., McLaughlin J.K., Gao Y.T., Silverman D.T., Gao R.N., Blot W.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.877-885. 21 ref. (In English)

To investigate occupational determinants of bladder cancer in the urban area of Shanghai (China), occupation and industry information for 1,219 incident bladder cancer cases diagnosed during the period 1980-84 were compared with 1982 census data on employment. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for bladder cancer were estimated for occupation and industry classifications. Significant excess risks were observed for plastic products workers; textile bleachers, dyers, and finishers; metal refining and processing workers; petroleum refining workers; railway engine drivers and firemen; and workers employed in industries of apparel and other textile products manufacturing; paper processing; organic chemical manufacturing; plastic product manufacturing; and metallurgy. This study indicates that many of the industries and occupations that are responsible for increased risk throughout the world are also associated with occupational bladder cancer in Shanghai. (59710)

CIS 93-481 Lifetime occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Le Marchand L., Kolonel L.N., Yoshizawa C.N., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Jan. 1991, Vol.133, No.2, p.103-111. 30 ref. (In English)

The lifetime occupational physical activity of 452 prostate cancer cases and 899 population controls were studied. Among men aged 70 or over, a negative association was found between prostate cancer risk and proportion of life spent in light or sedentary work. Compared with men never employed in such jobs, men who spent more than 54% of their life in these jobs had an odds ratio of 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.3-0.9). This negative association was dose-dependent, consistent across ethnic groups, and unrelated to socio-economic status, dietary risk factors, or job-related chemical exposures. The findings for younger men were less clear, but not inconsistent with those for older men. No association was found with years spent in moderately active or very active jobs in either age group. Although inconclusive, the results suggest that physical activity may be positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer, but this association is likely to be weak and indirect. (59739)

CIS 93-482 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - A possible cause of lung cancer mortality among nickel/copper smelter and refinery workers. Verma D.K., Julian J.A., Roberts R.S., Muir D.C.F., Jadon N., Shaw D.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1992, Vol.53, No.5, p.317-324. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

A retrospective industrial hygiene investigation was undertaken to explain the cause of a statistically significant excess lung cancer mortality observed in a subset of a large cohort of nickel workers involved in mining, smelting, and refining of nickel and copper in Ontario (Canada). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how an industrial hygiene follow-up assessment of an epidemiological finding can help to identify a likely cause. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alone or in association with particulate and gaseous contaminants (e.g. SO₂) were likely the causative agents of the excess lung cancer observed among the lead welders, cranemen, and arc furnace workers of the copper refinery. (59753)

CIS 93-483 Occupational lead exposure and strabismus in offspring - A case-control study. Hakim R.B., Stewart W.F., Canner J.K., Tielsch J.M., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1991, Vol.133, No.4, p.351-356. 34 ref. (In English)

A population-based case-control study investigated the association between strabismus and parental occupational lead exposure. Cases were children diagnosed with nonrestrictive strabismus between 1985 and 1986 (n=377). Controls were matched for age and hospital of birth (n=377). Jobs held by parents were assessed for lead exposure by industrial hygienists. The unadjusted odds ratio for maternal lead exposure and the esotropic form of strabismus was 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-27). Unadjusted odds ratios for paternal occupational lead exposure and esotropia were 1.0 (95% CI 0.5-2.1) for low exposure, 2.1 (95% CI 0.9-5.3) for moderate exposure, and 1.2 (95% CI 0.4-3.3) for high exposure. The study results suggest the possibility of a weak association between paternal lead exposure and strabismus in offspring. (59756)

CIS 93-484 An adenomatous polyp case-control study to assess occupational risk factors following a workplace colorectal cancer cluster. Acquavella J.F., Owen C.V., Bird M.G., Yarborough C.M., Lynch J., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1991, Vol.133, No.4, p.357-367. 27 ref. (In English)

To assess potential aetiological factors among a population of polypropylene workers previously found to have an excess of colorectal cancer, an adenomatous polyp case-control study was conducted. Cases (24) were workers found to have adenomatous polyps during a screening program, while controls (72) were workers found to be free of polyps. Exposure assessment utilised a thorough industrial hygiene and toxicologic review of operations in conjunction with work activity interviews of cases and controls to develop chemical-specific exposure scores weighted by time, exposure level, and frequency of exposure. Cases tended to have higher exposure to pre-extrusion polymer plus additives (odds ratio (OR)=2.6, 90% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-6.3) and higher exposure to certain finishing additives (OR=4.8, 90% CI 1.5-15.3). Analyses by job category or area of the plant did not indicate additional risk factors. (59757)

CIS 93-485 Validation of work histories for the purpose of epidemiological studies. Bond G.G., Bodner K.M., Olsen G.W., Burchfiel C.M., Cook R.R., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1991, Vol.6, No.6, p.521-527. Illus. 45 ref. (In English)

The validity and accuracy of work histories are discussed in the context of potential exposure misclassification and its impact on risk assessments. Misclassification that occurs independently of disease classification will usually lead to underestimates of the strength of the exposure-disease relationship, whereas misclassification that is not independent can produce over- or underestimates of risk. In the range of sample sizes that epidemiologists typically encounter, the chance probability is low that misclassification is independent of disease classification. Some suggestions for ways to enhance the validity of work history data for future epidemiology studies are offered. These include focusing on longer-term workers within an occupation or industry and soliciting work history data from multiple sources to offset the disadvantages of any single source. Finally, investigators are urged to validate their exposure estimates and adjust risk estimates for misclassification bias. (59758)

CIS 93-486 The occupational questionnaire in retrospective epidemiologic studies - Recent approaches in community-based studies. Gérin M., Siemiatycki J., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1991, Vol.6, No.6, p.495-501. 11 ref. (In English)

In community-based studies, questionnaires are usually the sole source of information on occupational exposures. Three main categories of questions are presented, along with examples of appropriate questionnaires for each type. General questions elicit information on job history, tasks, and work environment in non-specific terms. Occupation-specific questionnaires obtain more detailed exposure information by detailing the tasks, processes, and materials associated with given professions or industrial activities. Questionnaires may also include exposure-specific questions in the form of checklists of materials and exposures. In order to maximise validity, it is recommended that they be developed and interpreted with the help of hygienists, be administered preferably by interview, include a detailed job anamnesis (general questions) to be followed by occupation or exposure-specific questions, and use a chemical vocabulary understandable by the subjects. (59759)

CIS 93-487 Development of a classification strategy of exposure for industry-based studies. Kauppinen T.P., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1991, Vol.6, No.6, p.482-487. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

The classification variables related to exposure in epidemiological studies of occupational hazards are reviewed, and the criteria for choosing from different exposure indicators to obtain maximal information from the association(s) under study are outlined. Requirements for a valid classification of exposure are outlined. Model calculations to illustrate the relationships between several commonly used indicators of exposure are presented. The importance of indicators predicting the occurrence of a disease accurately, its time-dependence and exposure-response relationship are emphasised. Indicators adjusted for the main confounders and modifiers, as well as those addressing the mode or pattern of exposure, are likely to be predictive of the outcome if the effect of these factors is strong. Whenever proxies of qualitative exposure or target dose are used, bias may affect the observed risk and exposure-response relationship due to misclassification. (59760)

CIS 93-488 Use and analysis of exposure monitoring data in occupational epidemiology - An example of an epidemiological study in the Dutch animal food industry. Heederick D., Boleij J.S.M., Kromhout H., Smid T., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1991, Vol.6, No.6, p.458-464. 17 ref. (In English)

Two types of monitoring strategies are discussed. In the first, all members of the study population are monitored on various occasions. The ratio of within and between worker variance gives information about the magnitude of underestimation of the exposure-response relationship. The second strategy is based on "homogeneous" exposure categories, illustrated with a study among animal feed workers. The grouping which results from this strategy can be successfully applied for epidemiological purposes if the ratio of the within and between category variance in exposure is relatively small. In both strategies, the analysis of variance of repeated exposure measurements on the same individuals plays a crucial role. Repeated measurements on the same individual should be taken routinely. The analysis of variance should be used as a tool to analyse such data in order to optimise a measurement strategy or a characterisation of the population in exposure groups. (59767)

CIS 93-489 Issues in performing retrospective exposure assessment. Stewart P.A., Herrick R.F., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, June 1991, Vol.6, No.6, p.421-427. 14 ref. (In English)

This paper describes some of the limitations of traditional measures of occupational exposures in epidemiological research. Reliance on industry or job categories as a surrogate for exposure, plus length of employment for establishing a dose-response relationship, may result in large amounts of misclassification of subjects by exposure categories. Recently, more investigators have developed semiquantitative assessments (i.e. assigning jobs to low, medium, and high exposure categories). Although better than the traditional approach, it is less than satisfactory because the quantitative relationships among the categories are not known. Quantitative assessment is ideally the best approach, although monitoring data are rarely sufficient to allow calculation of measured exposure levels. Nevertheless, the most quantitative procedure possible should be used so as to develop exposure estimates that are reflective of dose. (59768)

CIS 93-490 Occupational exposures and cancer of the colon and rectum. Gerhardsson de Verdier M., Plato N., Steineck G., Peters J.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.291-303. 40 ref. (In English)

The association between occupational risks and colorectal cancer was examined in a Swedish population-based, case-referent study. The study was performed in Stockholm in 1986-1988 and included 569 cases and 512 referents. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for different occupations/chemicals. Elevated risks of colon cancer were found among male petrol station/automobile repair workers (RR=2.3, 0.8-6.6) and among males exposed to asbestos (RR=1.8, 0.9-3.6), while elevated risks of rectal cancer were found among males exposed to soot (RR=2.2, 1.1-4.3), asbestos (RR=2.2, 1.0-4.7), cutting fluids/oils (RR=2.1, 1.1-4.0), and combustion gases from coal/coke/wood (RR=1.9, 1.0-3.7). However, due to a high correlation between the above-mentioned variables and the few exposed subjects, it is difficult to separate their effects properly. Further studies are recommended. (59851)

CIS 93-491 Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or dioxins - A register-based study. Eriksson M., Hardell L., Malker H., Weiner J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.305-312. 23 ref. (In English)

The Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER) is a linkage of census data (e.g. on occupations) with the Swedish Cancer Register. It has been used in different studies to generate hypotheses on occupational risk factors for malignant tumours. This study investigates the risk for malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or other related substances. An increased standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.3 for multiple myeloma was verified in farmers (335 cases). For malignant lymphoma, an increased SIR of 1.2 was found in farmers (227 cases). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studied separately showed an increased risk (SIR=1.2) in carpenters only (149 cases), whereas Hodgkin's disease had an increased SIR of 2.1 in sawmill workers (10 cases). Physicians also had an elevated risk for malignant lymphoma. A major shortcoming in register studies such as CER is that no individual exposure data on different agents are available. The lack of an association between an occupation and a specific malignant disease may not, therefore, be taken as evidence that persons within that occupation are not at an increased risk for that disease. (59852)

CIS 93-492 Evaluation of the utility of a standard history questionnaire in assessing the neurological effects of solvents. Bukowski J.A., Sargent E.V., Pena B.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.337-345. 18 ref. (In English)

Using a standard battery of medical surveillance questions, a study was undertaken to determine if an increase in reported neurological symptoms was resulting from solvent exposure at a pharmaceutical research, development and manufacturing site. The prevalence of positive responses to 13 history questions pertaining to neurological symptoms was compared between those enrolled in exposed surveillance programmes (n=840) and those enrolled in other, non-solvent exposed surveillance programmes (n=1,042). The ratio of positive responders between the exposed and unexposed groups was used to generate a relative prevalence ratio (RPR). No significantly elevated RPRs were seen after the analysis. These results suggest that workplace solvent exposures in the employees studied did not appear to result in obvious neurological symptoms. However, low-level neurotoxic exposures can cause asymptomatic or sub-clinical disorders. Therefore, more sensitive neurotoxic surveillance systems need to be developed. (59855)

CIS 93-493 The statokinesiometry in evaluation of the balance system in persons with chronic carbon disulphide intoxication. Sułkowski W.J., Kowalska S., Sobczak Z., Jóźwiak Z., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.5, No.3, p.265-275. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

In a group of 37 patients with chronic carbon disulfide (CS₂) intoxication manifested by encephalopathy, polyneuropathy or psycho-organic syndrome and complaining for vertigo, a statokinesiometric test was performed with open and closed eyes and with visual simulation. Basic test parameters of stabilograms and statokinesiograms were compared with standard values of the control group. Results of the test were in addition verified by electronystagmography with the recording of spontaneous, positional, optokinetic and post-rotatory nystagmus as well as by the eye-tracking test. Statokinesiometry revealed a postural stability disorder in 72.9% of patients. Balance disorders detected by means of this test showed high compatibility with results of electronystagmography, which confirmed damage of the central part of the vestibular system due to CS₂ intoxication. (59894)

CIS 93-494 Ethnic differences in blood lead concentration among workers in a battery manufacturing factory. Chia S.E., Chia K.S., Ong C.N., Annals of the Academy of Medicine - Singapore, Nov. 1991, Vol.20, No.6, p.758-761. 13 ref. (In English)

Blood lead (Pb) levels of 11 Chinese and 25 Malay lead-battery manufacturing workers were evaluated, after adjustment for environmental Pb levels, age, exposure duration and stick-years of smoking. The mean adjusted blood Pb levels were 34.8µg/dL in the Malay and 22.4µg/dL in the Chinese workers. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.02). Oral ingestion of Pb by the Malay workers, through the eating of food with hands contaminated by Pb compounds, is suggested as a possible cause for the differences in the mean blood Pb levels. Preventive measures recommended for implementation among Malay workers are discussed. (59982)

CIS 93-495 Occupational asthma in Singapore - A review of cases from 1983 to 1990. Lee H.S., Phoon W.H., Wang Y.T., Poh S.C., Cheong T.H., Yap J.C.H., Lee F.Y.W., Chee C.B.E., Singapore Medical Journal, 1991, Vol.32, p.398-402. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

A report on 35 cases of occupational asthma reported in Singapore between 1983 (year of the first confirmed case) and 1990. By far the largest number of cases (13 = 37%) were due to exposure to isocyanates (in 8 cases, specifically to toluene diisocyanate). Other causes noted were soldering or welding fumes (6 cases), pharmaceutical drugs (3 cases), acid anhydrides (2 cases) and diverse (11 cases). Among the latter, there were 3 cases due to agents not previously noted in this connection: tylosin tartrate, polyvinylchloride (PVC) dust and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA). The article also surveys the industries where occupational asthma has been reported (7 in the manufacturing of polyurethane foam, the rest fairly evenly distributed among the metalworking, electronics and pharmaceutical/chemical industries). Other aspects discussed: reaction time, latent periods, bronchial hyperreactivity, atopy, smoking, serial PEFR, bronchial provocation testing. The under-reporting of the disease, the long latency period in many cases and the surprisingly high prevalence of isocyanates as causing agents are among the topics highlighted in the discussion. (59987)

CIS 93-496 Coal workers' pneumoconiosis - A historical perspective on its pathogenesis. Heppleston A.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.905-923. 116 ref. (In English)

The earliest observations on coal workers' pneumoconiosis identified fundamental factors and posed particular problems in its genesis. Among the former, intensity of exposure and particle size were recognised, while argument commenced on the roles of stone dust, thus anticipating the quartz question, and of complicating pulmonary states, which introduced the idea of infection. Major studies of the disease were precipitated by its greatly increased prevalence, which became evident among South Wales coal workers from the 1930s. The principal directions of enquiry remained the same as in Scotland a century before, namely the components of coal mine dust responsible for fibrosis and the additional factor required for the development of massive fibrosis. The combined human and experimental evidence now makes possible conclusions in which confidence may be placed. The same issue of the Journal contains an editorial by Greenberg M. on Some lessons from the history of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (p. 791-792). (60000)

CIS 93-497 Renal tubular function of lead exposed workers. Chia K.S., Ong C.N., Jeyaratnam J., Journal of Occupational Medicine - Singapore, Jan. 1991, Vol.3, No.1, p.37-40. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

Some studies have shown an increase in excretion of urinary enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), with increasing lead exposure. However, the increase in urinary NAG excretion may not be a result of cell damage and increased exfoliation but a stimulation of the excocytosis or of the renal activity of NAG. The urinary NAG of 206 lead exposed workers was significantly higher than a control group. This increase was seen with blood lead of greater than 20µg/100mL and even in those with less than one year of exposure. This increase in urinary NAG excretion is likely to be due to increase in exocytosis or renal activity of this enzyme. (60008)

CIS 93-498 Cancer of the stomach and the colon-rectum among workers in a coke gas plant. Berger J., Manz A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.825-834. 26 ref. (In English)

4,908 male workers of the Hamburg (Germany) gas plant, employed for 10 or more years during the period 1 January 1900 to 31 December 1989, were traced for cancer mortality. Based on their jobs, they were grouped into three subcohorts: gas furnace workers, workers in other parts of the plant, and white-collar workers. Despite the general "healthy worker effect", gas furnace workers showed a significant incidence of cancer of all sites (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 186), particularly cancers of the lung (SMR=288), stomach (SMR=177), and the colon-rectum (SMR=184). In comparison with the death rates of white-collar workers, the manual workers in other parts of the plant also showed an excess of cancer mortality for cancer of these sites. The reason for this excess seems to be due to working conditions. The results contribute to the current evidence that exposure to coal carbonisation fumes causes not only lung cancer, but also cancers of the stomach and colon-rectum. (59994)

CIS 93-499 A case-control study of lung cancer at a dye and resin manufacturing plant. Barbone F., Delzell E., Austin H., Cole P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.835-849. 34 ref. (In English)

This case-control study evaluated the relationship between lung cancer and occupational factors among employees at a dye and resin manufacturing plant. The study included 51 lung cancer cases and 102 controls who were members of a cohort of workers investigated in a previous retrospective follow-up study. Information on area of employment and on potential exposure to certain chemicals was obtained from plant personnel and medical records and from interviews with long-term employees. An elevated odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer was observed for subjects who worked in the anthraquinone dye and epichlorohydrin manufacturing area of the plant (OR=2.4; 95% CI=1.1-5.2) and for employees who were seen at the plant infirmary for acute exposure to chlorine (OR, adjusted for smoking = 27; 95% CI=3.5-205). Pipefitters employed at the plant for five or more years also had an elevated OR (3.3; 95% CI=0.8-1.4). (59995)

CIS 93-500 Lung cancer risk among workers exposed to man-made mineral fibres (MMMF) in the Swedish prefabricated house industry. Gustavsson P., Plato N., Axelson O., Brage H.N., Hogstedt C., Ringbäck G., Tornling G., Wingren G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.825-834. 15 ref. (In English)

Mortality and cancer incidence was investigated from 1969 to 1988 among 2,807 workers, employed for at least one year before 1972, at 11 Swedish companies manufacturing prefabricated wooden houses. A total of 1,068 workers had been exposed to man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) used for insulation. There were 14 deaths from lung cancer in the total cohort, whereas 20.7 would be expected (SMR = 68; 95% CI:37-113), based on regional mortality. After a latency of 20 years or more, two lung cancer cases had occurred among all workers exposed to MMMF, whereas 4.3 would be expected (SMR = 46; CI: 5-168). The exposure levels that have prevailed do not seem to be associated with an increased lung cancer rate, but extended follow-up is necessary for a definitive evaluation. (59705)

CIS 93-501 Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women - A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Örebro County, Sweden. Ahlborg G., Bodin L., American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1991, Vol.133, No.4, p.338-347. 24 ref. (In English)

Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Sweden from 1980 to 1983, 678 non-smokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intra-uterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. The effect was confined to first-trimester foetal loss (adjusted RR=2.16), while active smoking was associated with intra-uterine death after the first trimester. Passive smoking in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth but not with low birth weight among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to foetal development and survival. (59740)

CIS 93-502 Organizational issues in hospitals. Work and Stress, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.6, No.3, p.211-343. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This special number of Work Stress is devoted in its integrity to organisational issues in health care systems in Europe. It is not simply concerned with theoretical frameworks and research studies, but also with practical interventions. The authors strongly urge those responsible for the design and management of European health care systems to consult with organisational psychologists. They also argue for more trans-European initiatives to share experience in this important area and harmonise future actions. Finally, they strongly advice the transfer of relevant knowledge and skills developed in West Europe to health care systems in Central and Eastern Europe. Each article is accompanied by a Spanish-language summary. (59886)

CIS 93-503 Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in risk identification. Vainio H., Magee P.N., McGregor D.B., McMichael A.J., International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom, 1992. xiv, 615p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 65.00., ISBN 92-832-2116-8 (In English)

This volume comprises the background documents prepared for a meeting of an IARC Working Group held in Lyon, France, on 11-18 June 1991, and the recommendations of the Group which form the consensus report. Topics covered: multistage and multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis; mechanisms of action of carcinogens and their identification; use of information on mechanisms in evaluating carcinogenic risks to humans; critical molecular targets in chemical carcinogenesis; animal carcinogenicity tests and their interpretation; biological markers in exposed humans; data analysis and modelling. (60018)

CIS 93-504 Towards healthier office buildings: A study of the "Sick Building Syndrome" and the possibility of reducing the incidence of health complaints among workers in office buildings. (Dutch: Ontwikkeling en behoud van gezonde kantoorgebouwen: studie naar het "Sick Building Syndrome" en de mogelijkheden van het terugdringen van bewonersklachten in kantoorgebouwen) Schalkoort T.A.J., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 88p. 126 ref. Annexes., ISBN 90-5307-184-9 (In Dutch)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for reducing health complaints among office workers associated with the "Sick Building Syndrome". Described are: symptoms and health complaints associated with the Syndrome; factors in the design and maintenance of office buildings thought to be relevant to the development of building sickness (physical, chemical, biological and psychological factors); necessity of reducing the incidence of Sick Building Syndrome. Recommendations for guidelines aimed at a reduction of the occurrence of Sick Building Syndrome. In annex: odour thresholds and irritation concentrations of 450 common chemicals, together with a description of the odour when relevant. (59714)

CIS 93-505 Introduction to epidemiology in occupational medicine. (German: Einführung in die arbeitsmedizinische Epidemiologie) Faus-Kessler T., Brüske-Hohlfeld I., Scherb H., Tritschler J., Weigelt E., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany. 1992. 330p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 3-89429-208-3 (In German)

This book provides an introduction to the epidemiological approach in making causal inferences in occupational medicine and discusses the requirements and potential biases of occupational epidemiologic studies. Contents include: basic concepts (risk causality); examples of epidemiological practice (cancerogenicity of wood dust and association between workload and coronary heart diseases); design options (case and case-control studies; prospective, cohort and cross-sectional studies; disease clusters); sources of bias and control of bias (selection, information bias, control of confounding by stratification and standardisation); exposure assessment; basic concepts of statistical analysis (populations and samples, error probabilities, confidence intervals and curves); statistical modelling, appropriate software for analysis; use of data provided by the authorities for epidemiological purposes; access to data (legislation in Germany); review of important English-language books on epidemiology. Summaries in French, German, English. (59790)

CIS 93-506 Your guide to first-aid facilities in factories. Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour, 18 Havelock Road No.05-01, 0105 Singapore, Republic of Singapore, Mar. 1992. 20p. 4 ref., ISBN 9971-915-37-5 (In English)

Guide to the setting up of first-aid facilities in Singapore factories, in accordance with provisions of the Factories Act (CIS 91-703). Summary: components of industrial first-aid facilities; first aiders (numbers required, selection, training, responsibilities); first-aid boxes and rooms; special requirements (provision for mass casualties, special instructions relating to rarely-used chemicals, protective clothing and equipment, clearing up after administration of first aid); record keeping of treatment. In appendices: recognised first-aid training centres in Singapore; recommended minimum contents of first-aid boxes; recommended facilities for first-aid rooms. (59986)

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CIS 93-507 Occupational dermatitis in the aircraft industry: 35 years of progress. Castelain P.Y., Com J., Castelain M., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1992, Vol.27, No.5, p.311-316. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

A comparison of the occupational dermatitis occurring in the same aircraft factory during two separate decades, 1955-1965 and 1981-1990, is presented. Subungual pulpitis is highly specific to this industry, because of the handling of resins and sealing agents. The number of cases dropped from 122 to 40, in accordance with progress in preventive medicine and technological changes in the factory. Irritant contact dermatitis nevertheless remained appreciable, while allergic contact dermatitis greatly decreased. (59890)

CIS 93-508 Development of equipment for the collection of seed cones. (German: Die Entwicklung der Zapfenpflückerausrüstung) Hogrebe H., A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.48, p.1286-1288. Illus. 2 ref. (In German)

For collecting seeds from trees for the purpose of creating a tree gene-bank, climbers, fall arresters and lifelines designed for pole-top work are used. The shortcomings of this equipment are pointed out and improvements for their use in forestry are suggested. (59976)

CIS 93-509 Occupational risks in automobile-repair workshops. (Spanish: Riesgos profesionales en talleres de reparación de vehículos) Castillón Uribe J.M., García Anadón J.A., Muňoz Pueyo R., Tovares Uceda J.L., Salud y trabajo, 1992, No.92, p.4-14. Illus. (In Spanish)

A study to investigate the occupational risks in the automobile repair sector was carried out in Spain in 1989-90 by the Spanish National Institute of Safety and Health. A summary of the progress report is presented. The study involved 6,103 workers in 456 enterprises. Particular areas studied were: fire prevention; electrical equipment; generation and distribution of compressed air. Preventive measures are provided in all three of these areas. Most significant risks include: flying particles, explosions, fires and falls. Posture at work in relation to the task performed is also discussed. Most significant health risks include: noise exposure, inhalation of hazardous fumes and particles, and contact with hazardous substances such as solvents. (59846)

CIS 93-510 Morbidity in retired coke plant workers. Mayer L., Chau N., Bertrand J.P., Guenzi M., Patris A., Pham Q.T., Mur J.M., Moulin J.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.347-361. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

The effect of past occupational exposure on morbidity was studied in 354 coke oven workers in Lorraine Collieries (France) who retired between 1963 and 1982, and were still alive in 1988; 96% of them participated in this study. Occupational exposure to respiratory hazards during working life was retraced for each subject. No significant association between the occupational exposure and the frequency of ischaemic cardiopathies, arterial hypertension, gastro-duodenal ulcers, and respiratory symptoms was revealed. However, subjects who had worked on the ovens, in the workshops, and on the by-products showed a prevalence of arterial hypertension significantly higher than the unexposed or slightly exposed subjects. The healthy worker effect phenomenon, the exclusion of deceased subjects, and the small size of this retiree population may conceal possible differences between exposure groups. (59856)

CIS 93-511 Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry - I. A standardized mortality ratio analysis. Eisen E.A., Tolbert P.E., Monson R.R., Smith T.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.809-824. 29 ref. (In English)

This cohort study was initiated to assess whether long-term exposure to machining fluids in the course of machining, grinding, and other cutting operations is associated with excess cancer mortality. The cohort includes more than 45,000 automobile production workers from three plants, almost one million years of follow-up, over 10,000 deaths, and an extensive exposure assessment component. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated for each of the three plants, using both US and local populations as reference. Relative risks of 1.2-3.1 were observed for several specific respiratory and digestive cancers, including cancer of the stomach, large intestine, pancreas, lung, and larynx. Elevated risks for leukaemia and asthma were also noted. Future exposure-response analyses will provide the opportunity to identify relatively modest excesses in cause-specific mortality risk associated with exposure to specific types (straight, soluble, or synthetic), additives, or components of machining fluids. (59993)

CIS 93-512 A mortality cohort study of seamen in Italy. Rapiti E., Turi E., Forastiere F., Borgia P., Comba P., Perucci C.A., Axelson O., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.863-872. 23 ref. (In English)

A total of 2,208 male subjects, enrolled as merchant marine seamen at the Civitavecchia (Italy) harbour from 1936 to 1975 were followed up through 1989 in order to evaluate their mortality experience. The subjects were divided into two subgroups: 948 workers with at least one sailing (cohort A) and 1,260 with no reported sailing (cohort B). Fewer than expected overall deaths were observed in both cohorts (cohort A: SMR=0.83; cohort B: SMR=0.81), mainly due to a lower mortality from circulatory, respiratory, and digestive diseases. Lung cancer deaths were significantly increased in cohort A, whereas no excess was observed in cohort B. Among subjects employed aboard ship, a trend in SMRs for lung cancer increasing with duration of employment was observed. Three neoplasms of other parts of the respiratory system (including one mesothelioma) were detected in cohort A, and one in cohort B. The study substantiates an increased risk of respiratory cancer among subjects with an occupational history of sailing; past exposure to asbestos and to other environmental carcinogens aboard could be implicated. (59708)

CIS 93-513 Performance of visually impaired heavy-vehicle operators. Rogers P.N., Janke M.K., Journal of Safety Research, Fall 1992, Vol.23, No.3, p.159-170. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

The two-year accident and conviction rates of visually impaired heavy-vehicle operators in California were compared with those of visually non-impaired heavy-vehicle drivers. After adjustment for age, visually impaired groups combined had significantly and substantially more traffic accidents and convictions than did non-impaired drivers. Taking into account possible biasing factors, the results provide limited support for the federal visual acuity standard for drivers of heavy commercial vehicles. (59773)

CIS 93-514 Health conditions among drivers of urban passenger transport vehicles in Mexico City. (Spanish: Las condiciones de salud de los conductores de autotransportes urbanos de pasajeros de la Ciudad de México) Tovalin Ahumada H., Lazcano Ramírez F., Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Oct. 1991, Vol.111, No.4, p.324-332. 29 ref. (In Spanish)

Between 1985 and 1988, a two-phase epidemiological study was conducted in Mexico City to examine the harmful effects of the working conditions on drivers of urban transport vehicles. A group of 170 drivers was studied and compared with two control groups of approximately the same size, one consisting of maintenance workers and the other of office workers. The driver group showed a high prevalence of various disorders related to working conditions, such as stress, postural problems, and disorders due to atmospheric pollution. The prevalence ratios of drivers/maintenance workers and drivers/administrative workers were statistically significant for arterial hypertension, haemorrhoids, nervous disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Summary in English. (59839)

CIS 93-515 A health survey of toll booth workers. Strauss P., Orris P., Buckley L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.379-384. 7 ref. (In English)

The prevalence of respiratory and other health problems in a cohort of highway toll booth workers was surveyed by mailed questionnaire. In a low proportion of respondents (43.2%), a high prevalence of central nervous system complaints (headaches, irritability, or anxiety, and unusual tiredness), mucous membrane irritation (eye irritation, nasal congestion, and dry throat), and musculoskeletal problems (joint and back pains) was found. These symptoms are believed to be reflective of the acute irritant and central nervous system effects of exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. The musculoskeletal complaints are most likely the result of bending, reaching, and leaning out of the toll booth. The need for in-depth evaluation of the ventilation systems and the ergonomic and job stressors of work at toll booths is suggested by these results. (59858)

CIS 93-516 Occupational risks in the manufacture of wood furniture (I - Summary of the Report; II - Products used in the woodworking sector; III - National survey on conditions of work in the woodworking industry). (Spanish: Riesgos profesionales en fabricacíon de muebles de madera - I-Resumen del informe; II-Productos empleados en el sector de la madera; III-Encuesta nacional de condiciones de trabajo en la industria de la madera) Escámez S. de Amoraga A., García García F., Morente Sánchez A., Rodríguez del Castillo J.A., Periago Jiménez F., Tejedor Traspaderme J., López Arbeloa J.F., Nogareda Cuixart C., Salud y trabajo, 1990, No.81, p.5-27. Illus. (In Spanish)

A study to investigate occupational risks in the manufacture of wood furniture was carried out in Spain in 1988-89 by the National Institute of Safety and Health. Part I is a report of the study involving a total of 7,322 workers from 432 enterprises, 95% of which have a staff less than 26. Most significant safety risks were: cuts, being crushed by machinery, fires and explosions, and falling objects. Most significant health risks were: noise exposure, and inhalation of wood dust and organic fumes. Part II discusses the different chemical products used in this sector, in particular solvents, and their toxicological mechanisms and health effects. Part III deals with working conditions in this industry in terms of physical environment, chemical products, safety conditions, and psychosocial aspects. Detailed statistics are included. (59841)

CIS 93-517 Renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals in Sweden. McLaughlin J.K., Malker H.S.R., Blot W.J., Weiner J.A., Stone B.J., Ericsson J.L.E., Fraumeni J.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.873-876. 20 ref. (In English)

The Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry was used to evaluate a recent report of a large excess risk of renal cell cancer among architects in Los Angeles. We identified 131 renal cell cancers among male Swedish architects and allied professionals during a 19-year follow-up period (1961-1979). Compared with the Swedish population, there was no significant excess of renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.15; 131 cases). Although it was not possible to estimate the risk for architects alone, the SIR was only 1.06 (16 cases) in a subset of professionals employed in architectural and engineering firms. However, a significant increase in risk (SIR = 1.38) was observed in a related group of workers employed as engineers and construction supervisors in the house construction industry. (59709)

CIS 93-518 Morbidity among municipal waste incinerator workers. Bresnitz E.A., Roseman J., Becker D., Gracely E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.363-378. 28 ref. (In English)

Incinerator workers are exposed to many toxic compounds, most notably heavy metals. Medical and exposure monitoring data of an actively employed cohort of Philadelphia incinerator workers were evaluated following an Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry site survey and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) health hazard evaluation (HHE). Medical analysis was limited to the 86 male workers who participated in the HHE out of the 105 active employees. Although there was some evidence of an increased risk of exposure to products of incinerator waste, the few elevated biological tests could not be related to exposure classification. Additional studies are needed to assess the potential health effects of municipal waste incinerator by-products. (59857)

CIS 93-519 The export of hazardous industries to newly industrialized countries. LaDou J., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.5, No.3, p.223-226. 14 ref. (In English)

The majority of investment in manufacturing industries in newly industrialised countries comes from foreign companies or investors. This vital source of new jobs and capital for the development of infrastructure brings with it some very significant long-term costs in environmental remediation and workers' compensation insurance that are seldom discussed with candour. These costs may be considered a necessary step on the road to industrialisation by many developing countries. But the long-term costs may be high enough to sustain the relative poverty of the country. Moreover, the absence of value added in the process of manufacturing may insure the continued economic dependence on foreign interests. The inadequacy of international environmental law is presently of concern to only a few important organisations, but the extent of environmental degradation in many newly industrialised countries warrant far more effort at regulation and enforcement. The high levels of worker fatalities and injuries in developing countries necessitate international cooperation and health and safety programme development. (59892)

CIS 93-520 Workers' health in four groups of women in Guadalajara, Mexico. (Spanish: El trabajo femenino y la salud de cuatro grupos de mujeres en Guadalajara, México) Uribe Vásquez G., Ramírez Rodríguez J.C., Romero Lima L.G., Gutiérrez de la Torre N.C., Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Aug. 1991, Vol.111, No.2, p.101-111. 25 ref. (In Spanish)

A descriptive study was carried out in 1989 in Guadalajara, Mexico, concerning the health problems of women in the context of their activities both inside and outside the home. A four-part questionnaire (sociodemographic characteristics, domestic activities, remunerated activities and the Cornell Medical Index) was used to identify similarities and differences among nurses, teachers, secretaries and housewives. The results showed that the working woman's schedule, defined as the time devoted to work both inside and outside the home, is very long in all the groups studied, amounting to a total of between 66 and 78 hours a week. With regard to work-related risks, occupational diseases were the most common complaint of all the groups, especially the teachers. It is observed that different occupational health risks and morbidity indexes are associated with different activities performed by women, and it is suggested that these differences should be examined more fully. An explanation of the Cornell Medical Index is included as an annex. Summary in English. (59838)

CIS 93-521 Awareness of chronic painters syndrome. Alberta Painters and Decorators Association, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, Heritage Grant Program, 10709 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3, Canada, 1991. 13p. + 2p. (In English)

The Alberta Painters and Decorators Association conducted a questionnaire survey in 1991 to determine the awareness among painters and decorators of the hazards of their trade. The respondents (n=260) comprised 145 employers and 100 individual painters. The questionnaire prompted respondents to volunteer their information needs and to recommend methods of delivery. Other questions related to motivational factors in inducing painters to use the information and to change their behaviour. Based on the survey results, the most important topics to the respondents were: health hazards of paints and solvents; how chemicals are absorbed into the body; health and safety legislation about the painting trade. It was found that health professionals would be the most trusted source of information. (59800)

CIS 93-522 Epidemiology of farm-related injuries - Bibliography with abstracts. Nordstrom D.L., Brand L., Layde P.M., Centers for Disease Control, Publications Dissemination, DSDTT, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, June 1992. viii, 206p. 523 ref. Indexes. (In English)

This bibliography covers reports on the occurrence and characteristics of farm-related injuries and includes 343 journal reports and 180 monographs published from 1914 to 1991. Citations are listed by year and indexes by journal title, author and subject are included. Some of the references focus on chronic exposures and on the hazards of the agricultural industry, but all entries have some information on acute trauma; reports on acute poisoning by agricultural chemicals are included, but those on chronic poisoning only are not. The emphasis is on surveillance and epidemiology. Glossary. (59913)

CIS 93-523 Papers and proceedings of the Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402, USA, Sep. 1992. xxxvi, 645p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 77.00. (In English)

Papers presented at a conference held in Des Moines (Iowa, USA) on 30 April to 3 May 1991. The papers are grouped according to theme, both of a general nature (potential for a national coalition; looking ahead to the next century; questions to guide the national agenda; medical intervention; issues affecting the national agenda) and of a more concrete nature: surveillance of diseases, injuries and hazards related to agriculture; research into chemical and biological hazards; research into mechanical and physical hazards; protection of agricultural workers against hazards; intervention aimed at safe behaviour among adults and children (training and education, mass media, perspective of young farmers and of farm families). A final series of papers was presented under subject headings evoking future activities: elements of a national agenda; actions for the future; making connections (short presentations on state- and local-level activities in agricultural safety). List of participants. List of acronyms. Excerpts relating to agriculture from the Diseases of Workers by Bernardino Ramazzini. (60020)

CIS 93-524 Epidemiology and the environment - The case of gold mining settlements in Brazil. (Portuguese: Epidemiologia e meio ambiente - O caso dos garimpos de ouro no Brasil) Câmara V.M., Corey G., World Health Organization (WHO), Centro Panamericano de Ecologia Humana e Saúde (ECO), Apartado Postal 37-473, 06696 México, D.F., Mexico, 1992. x, 211p. Illus. 121 ref., ISBN 92-75-37059-1 (In Portuguese)

Contents of this study of the occupational health problems of gold miners and prospectors in the Amazon region of Brazil: epidemiology in environmental health (toxicology, exposure evaluation, adverse health effects, types of population, epidemiological investigation and monitoring, operational and strategic support); initial work environment of gold miners (statistic, gold extraction, the use of mercury in the extraction process, public institutions concerned with the working environment of miners); epidemiology in gold mining areas; conclusions. (59870)

CIS 93-525 Strategy for the improvement of working conditions in the metal products industry. (Dutch: Strategie metaalprodukenindustrie) Strategie-Adviesgroep metaalproduktenindustrie, Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 26p. Illus., ISBN 90-5307-177-6 (In Dutch)

A strategy is proposed by the Dutch Directorate-General of Labour for an improvement of working conditions in the metal products industry. After a short survey of the health and safety problems in the industry, the proposed strategy is presented under three headings: self-initiated activity (stimulating employers and employees to accept responsibility within the framework of the Working Environment Act); source management (promoting the use of worker-friendly machines and materials, promoting optimal work-station layout, and promoting the use of safe methods of work); maintaining standards (monitoring compliance with legislative provisions through the activities of the Labour Inspectorate and when necessary enforcing compliance). (59713)

CIS 93-526 Working conditions in the metal industry - Survey of the main problems with respect to exposure to noise, vibration, gases, vapours and dust. (Dutch: Arbeidsomstandigheden in de metaalindustrie - Overzicht van de voornaamste knelpunten wat betreft de blootstelling aan geluid, trillingen, gassen, dampen en stof) Beumer P.F.M., Musson J.H.M.M., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 147p. Illus. 142 ref., ISBN 90-5307-159-8 (In Dutch)

In this report the results are presented of a survey of the literature on the working environment in the metalworking industry. An inventory is presented on the major problems in occupational health and safety, with special attention to the following aspects: noise, vibration and exposure to gases, vapours and dust. After a general section with information on problems occurring in several branches of the industry (such as cleaning, maintenance and in-plant transport), attention is given to health and safety problems specific to the metalworking industry, such as: steel production, casting, pressing and punching, welding, riveting, surface treatment (cleaning, electroplating). Appropriate health and safety measures are presented. (59782)

CIS 93-527 Survey of the working conditions in the metal products industry. (Dutch: Verkenning arbeidsomstandigheden metaalproduktenindustrie) Werkgroep verkenning metaalproduktenindustrie, Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 99p. Illus. 29 ref., ISBN 90-5307-176-8 (In Dutch)

Survey of the health and safety problems in the metal-products industry in the Netherlands, as well as of issues in workers' welfare. Common health and safety concerns were observed in connection with various production techniques, such as: casting in foundries, surface treatment, welding and brazing. Specific health risks include: hazardous noise levels, heavy physical workloads and working overtime. Attention is also given to the role of various organisations in this sector (such as employers' organisations, trade unions and the Labour Inspectorate) that might influence working conditions. (59817)

CIS 93-528 Working conditions in the rubber and plastics processing industry - Survey of the main problems with respect to exposure to noise, vibration, gases, vapours and dust. (Dutch: Arbeidsomstandigheden in de rubber- en kunststofverwerkende industrie - Overzicht van de voornaamste knelpunten wat betreft de blootstelling aan geluid, trillingen, gassen, dampen en stof) Beumer P.F.M., Hessels A.B., Musson J.H.M.M., Verhoeven W.E., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 92p. 68 ref., ISBN 90-5307-161-X (In Dutch)

In this report the results are presented of a survey of the literature on the working environment in the rubber and plastics processing industry. An inventory is presented on the major issues in occupational health and safety, with special attention to noise, vibration and exposure to gases, vapours and dust. After a general section with information on problems occurring in several branches of industry (such as cleaning, maintenance and internal transport), attention is given to health and safety aspects specific to the rubber and plastics processing industry, such as: weighing and mixing additives, (injection) moulding, calendering, extrusion, vulcanisation, processing of waste products etc. Appropriate health and safety measures are presented. (59784)

CIS 93-529 Survey of the working conditions in the rubber processing industry. (Dutch: Verkenning arbeidsomstandigheden rubberverwerkende industrie) Projectgroep Rubberverwerkende Industrie, Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 39p. Illus., ISBN 90-5307-178-4 (In Dutch)

Survey of the health and safety problems in the rubber processing industry in the Netherlands, as well as of problems in workers' welfare issues. Common health and safety concerns in the industry: exposure to dust, gases and vapours; exposure to noise and vibrations; indoor climate; physical workload. Attention is also given to the role of various organisations in this sector (such as employers' organisations, trade unions and the Labour Inspectorate) that might influence working conditions. (59818)

CIS 93-530 Catalogue of CONCAWE reports. The Oil Companies' European Organisation for Environmental and Health Protection, CONCAWE, Madouplein 1, 1030 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 1992. 40p. (In English)

This catalogue lists all reports published by CONCAWE that the organisation considers to be currently relevant (publication years range from 1972 to 1992). The 93 reports are grouped under the headings: air protection; automotive fuels and emissions; water and soil protection; oil pipelines; oil-spill clean-up technology; petroleum products; health; noise; safety; general. An abstract is provided for each report. (59918)

CIS 93-531 Strategy for the improvement of working conditions in the woodworking industry. (Dutch: Strategie houtverwerkende bedrijfstakken) Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 27p., ISBN 90-5307-153-9 (In Dutch)

A strategy is proposed by the Dutch Directorate-General of Labour for an improvement of working conditions in the woodworking industry. It concerns principally two sectors within the industry, namely furniture-making and carpentry. After a short survey of the health and safety problems in the industry, the proposed strategy is presented under three headings: self-initiated activity (stimulating employers and employees to accept responsibility within the framework of the Working Environment Act); source management (promoting the use of worker-friendly machines and materials, promoting optimal work-station layout, and promoting the use of safe methods of work); maintaining standards (monitoring compliance with legislative provisions through the activities of the Labour Inspectorate and when necessary enforcing compliance). An English translation of this publication is available (HSE Transl. No.14162) from the Health and Safety Executive, Language Services, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom. (59712)

CIS 93-532 Working conditions in the woodworking industry - Survey of the main problems with respect to exposure to noise, vibration, gases, vapours and dust. (Dutch: Arbeidsomstandigheden in de houtverwerkende industrie - Overzicht van de voornaamste knelpunten wat betreft de blootstelling aan geluid, trillingen, gassen, dampen en stof) Beumerp P.F.M., Hessels A.B., Musson J.H.M.M., Verhoeven W.E., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 118p. Illus. 84 ref., ISBN 90-5307-160-1 (In Dutch)

In this report the results are presented of a survey of the literature on the working environment in the woodworking and furniture-making industry. An inventory is presented on the major problems in occupational health and safety, with special attention to the following aspects: noise, vibration and exposure to gases, vapours and dust. After a general section with information on problems occurring in several branches of industry (such as cleaning, maintenance and internal transport), attention is given to health and safety problems specific to the woodworking industry, such as: decortication, sawing, planing and moulding, painting, wood impregnation. Appropriate health and safety measures are presented. (59783)

CIS 93-533 Survey of the wood working industry. (Dutch: Verkenning houtverwerkende bedrijfstakken) Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 49p., ISBN 90-5307-152-0 (In Dutch)

Survey of the health and safety problems in the woodworking industry in the Netherlands, as well as of issues in workers' welfare. Common health and safety concerns observed include: incorrect use of machine guards and machine accessories (e.g. those connected with circular saws, milling machines, and surface planers); hazardous noise levels; exposure to toxic substances (wood preservatives, paints and varnishes, and glues) and wood dust. An overview of relevant legal provisions in the Netherlands is included. An English translation of this publication is available (HSE Transl. No.14163) from the Health and Safety Executive, Language Services, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom. (59816)

CIS 93-534 Older workers: Conditions of work and transition to retirement - Country report: United States. Yocum K.L., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1993. 79p. Illus. 97 ref., ISBN 92-2-108773-5 (In English)

This working paper forms part of an ILO study to analyse policies and programmes in line with the action proposed in the Older Workers Recommendation. It is a report on the situation of older workers in the United States, providing an overview of US demographic data, research on ageing at work, older women's issues and, in particular, public and private sector policies and programmes that either encourage older workers to continue in employment, or facilitate a smooth transition from employment to retirement. Case studies illustrate successful measures adopted to accommodate older workers as they continue working or prepare for retirement. (60016)

CIS 93-535 Safety rules for food smoking installations. (German: Sicherheitsregeln für Räucheranlagen zur Nahrungsmittelbehandlung) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct. 1991. 26p. Price: DEM 4.50. (In German)

Contents: scope; definitions; general provisions; construction of premises and installations (materials and equipment, marking and labelling, documentation, assembly, regulation of the equipment, operating instructions, fire and explosion safety, health protection, hot surfaces, smoke generators, piping and conduits, smoking chambers, control of the smoking process, cleaning equipment, overall set-up); operation (general, operating instructions, training, qualifications, personal protective equipment); inspection and testing; entry into force. Appendices: classification of smoking plants according to their smoke circuits; conditions for avoiding explosive smoke mixtures; appropriate measuring equipment; pertinent directives and safety rules. (59873)

CIS 93-536 Principles of ventilation engineering calculations for drying chambers and continuous driers. (German: Grundsätze für die lüftungstechnische Berechnung von Kammertrocknern und Durchlauftrocknern) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Apr. 1992. 23p. Illus. Price: DEM 3.40. (In German)

Contents: scope, definitions; design calculations for drying chambers and continuous driers (with abbreviations); examples. A list of relevant directives and safety rules is appended. (59878)

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CIS 93-537 Specific medical surveillance of visual display unit workers. (Spanish: Vigilancia médica específica en los trabajadores de pantallas de visualización de datos) Cisnal Gredilla J.M., Maldonado González J., Salud y trabajo, 1991, No.84, p.9-16. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

The combination of health disorders which can be influenced by the use of visual display units (VDUs) is described as a specific pathology named "computer fatigue". These disorders are grouped into: psychosomatic and psychological, musculoskeletal and ophthalmological categories. A methodology to detect psychosomatic and psychological disorders associated with the use of VDUs is presented. It consists of questionnaires and medical examinations. The results of the application of this methodology to the study of 96 computer operators are also presented. (59845)

CIS 93-538 Hazard assessment of video display units. Walsh M.L., Harvey S.M., Facey R.A., Mallette R.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.324-331. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

This report describes the results of a study of potential health hazards of video display units (VDUs). The specific elements of the study included characterising the emissions of ionising and non-ionising radiation and exposures to electromagnetic fields. There was no evidence that operators are exposed to electric, magnetic, or ionising radiation fields significantly above ambient levels. Significant X-ray leakage cannot occur under any credible conditions. In addition to the ergonomic aspects of VDU work, reports on the health aspects of VDU operators were investigated. The results of the study, based on the specific hazards evaluated, do not support allegations that VDU operation is hazardous beyond the identified transient discomforts associated with characteristics of the work performed. A high-profile employee education programme was initiated to minimise discomforts and unwarranted concerns. (59737)

CIS 93-539 On workplaces with computers. (Hungarian: A számítógépes munkahelyekről) Lantos G., Munkavédelem és Biztonságtechnika, 1992, Vol.4, No.4, p.18-21. Illus. (In Hungarian)

As the use of microcomputers at work is becoming widespread in Hungary, it is essential to survey their possible harmful effects on health. This article surveys: ionising radiation (in the case of 95% of new equipment, there is no ionising radiation in excess of the background level); non-ionising radiation (principal effects noted are the result of exposure to electrostatic fields); strain on the eye and the musculoskeletal and nervous system; ergonomically faulty software; noise. The article also provides recommendations for workplace planning: installation of ergonomically satisfactory hardware and software; proper design of work areas (desks, seats, lighting, microclimate); medical surveillance of workers; periodic work breaks. (59912)

CIS 93-540 Safety of automated systems - Report. (French: Sûreté des automatismes - Rapport) Rouchouse G., Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM), Publications CETIM, 52, ave. Félix-Louat, 60304 Senlis, France, 1992. 139p. Illus. 82 ref., ISBN 2-85400-205-5 (In French)

Summary of this report: history of safety engineering; vocabulary of safety; safety parameters; discussion of relevant French legislation (see CIS 77-899 and 81-346) and of the European Directive 89/392/EEC (see CIS 89-1442) concerning machine safety; safety analysis of components of automated systems; redundancy; methodologic tools for safety analysis (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - FMEA; fault tree analysis; Hazard and Operability Studies - HAZOP; MARKOV chains); comparative study of various methods of safety analysis; computerisation of methods; methodology for the safety analysis of an automated system; maintenance (systematic, conditional and predictive); efficiency ratio of maintenance; general tools as aids to maintenance (long-distance alarm systems and long-distance maintenance); expert systems and maintenance; computer-assisted maintenance (CAM). Useful addresses. (59973)

CIS 93-541 Working with industrial lasers: Exploratory study of safety and health hazards during the use of lasers in metalworking. (Dutch: Werken met industriële lasers: een verkennende studie naar veiligheids- en gezondheidsaspecten bij werken met lasers voor materiaalbewerking) Mossink J.C.M., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 85p. Illus. 46 ref., ISBN 90-5307-229-2 (In Dutch)

Report on a study of the safety and health risks of working with high-energy lasers used in the metalworking industry. The major hazards are: the laser beam (radiation effects); laser equipment (high-voltage electric current, gases and fluids at various temperatures, fluids and gases under pressure, radiation, toxic substances); work processes (spattering parts, hot workpieces). Attention is also given to: standards for maximum levels of radiation from lasers; appropriate preventive measures. (59715)

CIS 93-542 Safety in industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Collins C.H., Beale A.J., Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 1992. ix, 257p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 60.00., ISBN 0-7506-1105-7 (In English)

This collection of papers presents the views of a number of scientists on the hazards involved in work with both naturally occurring and genetically-modified microorganisms along with outline precautions. Contents: overview of safety in microbiology; current legislation (UK, other European countries, EEC directives, USA, Japan) and regulatory frameworks; hazard groups and containment categories; assessment of risk; pathogenicity testing; recombinant plasmids; safe handling of mammalian cells on an industrial scale; recombinant DNA techniques in production; engineering for safe processing; containment in the development and manufacture of recombinant DNA-derived products; monitoring and validation in biotechnological processes; occupational health implications of industrial biotechnology. (59675)

CIS 93-543 Display screen equipment work. Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992. Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 45p. 20 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-886331-2 (In English)

This booklet gives guidance on the Health and Safety (Display Screen) Regulations 1992 and implement Directive 90/270/EEC of 29 May 1990 (CIS 90-1069) which came into force on 1 January 1993 (CIS 93-24). Contents: type of equipment and categories of workers covered by the Regulations; analysis of workstations to assess and reduce risks associated with postural and visual problems, fatigue and stress; requirements for workstations (equipment, environment, interface between computer and user); daily work routine of users; eyes and eyesight (eyesight and vision screening tests and provision of corrective appliances); provision of training and information. Annexes include guidance on workstation minimum requirements and possible health effects of display screen equipment. (59701)

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CIS 93-544 Health effects of tank cleaners. Lillienberg L., Högstedt B., Järvholm B., Nilson L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.375-380. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

The objective of the cross-sectional study was to investigate exposure, occurrence of acute intoxication, and other health effects caused by the complex environment of tank cleaning, particularly in tanks containing different petroleum fractions. A total of 29 tank cleaners and 31 controls participated in the study. Addition of light fuel oil to facilitate the cleaning of tanks containing viscous, heavy fuel oils resulted in total airborne hydrocarbon (HC) levels of 1000-1500mg/m³. High levels of HC were measured in tanks with low-boiling petroleum fractions (naphtha and light fuel oils) of 1000-2600mg/m³ (maximum). The study reports patterns of respirator and protective equipment use. Measurements of heart rate showed that tank cleaning is, at times, a highly strenuous job. No differences between tank cleaners and controls were found with respect to spirometry, liver enzymes, or frequency of micronuclei. Acute intoxications were not frequently reported. (59764)

CIS 93-545 Accelerated loss of lung function and alveolitis in a longitudinal study of non-smoking individuals with occupational exposure to asbestos. Rom W.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.835-844. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

77 long-term asbestos workers engaged in the insulation of pipes and boilers were evaluated to quantitate annual loss of lung function. All of them had chest X-rays ≥1/0 ILO category and were life-long non-smokers or ex-smokers for > 5 years. Study parameters included pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage for a mean of 3 visits over 30 ± 2 months. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations between rales or radiographic opacities and VC, FEV₁, and total lung capacity; significant associations were also found between neutrophils/mL lavage fluid with FEV₁ and diffusing capacity (all p<0.05). Annual declines for the asbestos-exposed were VC -92±28mL/yr and FEV₁ -66±21mL/yr. Compared to other asbestos-exposed cohorts followed longitudinally, asbestos insulators with radiographs ≥1/0 and exposure ≥20 years have higher rates of FVC and FEV₁ decline for both non-smokers and ex-smokers. (59706)

CIS 93-546 Pulmonary effects of sulfur oxides on the surface of copper oxide aerosol. Chen L.C., Peoples S.M., Amdur M.O., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.187-191. 13 ref. (In English)

A system was developed that generates copper oxide aerosol similar to the primary emissions from smelters. The surface of the ultrafine copper oxide aerosol is coated with a layer of sulfur oxides consisting of sulfate, S(VI), and sulfite, S(IV). Guinea pigs were exposed to this sulfur oxide layered copper oxide aerosol, and pulmonary mechanical functions were measured by using the Amdur-Mead method. The concentration of sulfur oxides on the aerosol was determined by using a flame photometric detector system. Although sulfuric acid was not found in this system, S(IV) at concentrations as low as 0.36µmol/m³ delivered as a surface layer caused prolonged changes in pulmonary mechanical functions. (59722)

CIS 93-547 The development of a test system for investigating the performances of personal aerosol samplers under actual workplace conditions. Botham R.A., Hughson G.W., Vincent J.H., Mark D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1991, Vol.52, No.10, p.423-427. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

The paper describes a new test system for aerosol samplers designed to carry out practical evaluations under realistic workplace conditions, as opposed to idealised conditions such as in wind tunnels. The test consisted of a life-sized trolley-mounted mannequin incorporating a robotic arm, which allowed it to simulate a range of worker movements, orientations, and attitudes. An electronically controlled, compact breathing machine provided a range of typical breathing parameters for the mannequin. The pump also provided air movement for a number of personal samplers that were mounted on the mannequin torso and tested in that position. Sampler performance should be assessed by comparing directly the aerosol collected by the sampler with that inhaled by the mannequin. (59742)

CIS 93-548 A local exhaust ventilation system to reduce airborne ribavirin concentrations. Matlock D., Buchan R.M., Tillery M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1991, Vol.52, No.10, p.428-432. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

A local exhaust hood was designed to capture and contain aerosol emissions of ribavirin during drug administration. It consisted of a compound hood incorporating two concentric hoods, the exterior of which was exhausted. The compound hood and ventilation system were evaluated for leak rate and inside hood aerosol concentration as a function of exhaust flow rates. The leak rate was reduced from an average of 98% with the traditional head hood to an average of less than 1% with the compound hood with exhaust port. The system's performance may lead to an 18% to 25% decrease in inside hood concentration of aerosol entering the hood. An exhaust flow rate in the range from 1.0Lpm below to 1.0Lpm above inlet flow rate from the small particle aerosol generator reduced the leak rate to an average of less than 1%. The compound hood was found to reduce the aerosol concentration in the room by 126x as compared to the single hood currently being used. (59743)

CIS 93-549 Quantitative determination of trucking industry workers' exposures to diesel exhaust particles. Zaebst D.D., Clapp D.E., Blade L.M., Marlow D.A., Steenland K., Hornung R.W., Scheutzle D., Butler J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.529-541. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

Exposures to diesel aerosol in the trucking industry were measured among the four major exposed job groups: road drivers, local drivers, dock workers, and mechanics. Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at eight terminals and truck repair shops. Overall geometric mean exposure to submicrometer-sized elemental carbon ranged from 3.8µg/m³ in road (long distance) drivers (N=72) to 13.8µg/m³ in dock workers (N=75). Geometric mean background area concentrations, measured in the same cities where workers were sampled, were 2.5µg/m³ on major highways (N=21) and 1.1µg/m³ in residential areas (N=23). A factoral analysis of variance indicated that exposures in dock workers and mechanics were significantly higher than background concentrations and significantly higher than the exposures in the local and road drivers. The exposures of the truck drivers could not be distinguished from background highway concentrations but were significantly higher than background concentrations in residential areas. (59748)

CIS 93-550 Airflow pattern around a worker in a uniform freestream. Kim T., Flynn M.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1991, Vol.52, No.7, p.287-296. 30 ref. (In English)

The effect of boundary layer separation on worker exposure is an important factor in the design of local exhaust ventilation. Three-dimensional airflow around a mannequin is examined by using flow visualisation techniques and hot-film anemometry. Above the chest, a downwash effect is noted; from the chest to the elbows, a combination of downwash and vortex shedding is observed; and from the waist to the hip, vortex shedding appears to be dominant. A coherent vertical flow structure is observed close to the body. Vortex shedding frequency is determined by using hot-film anemometry. The dimensions of the reverse flow region and the area of the vortices are estimated from flow visualisation videos. (59733)

CIS 93-551 The use of tracer gases to determine dust dispersion patterns and ventilation parameters in a mineral processing plant. Grenier M.G., Hardcastle S.G., Kunchur G., Butler K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.387-394. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

An assessment of the effectiveness of tracer gases as a reliable supplement to conventional air monitoring and ventilation measurements was conducted in a fluorspar milling plant. A tracer gas was used as a surrogate substance to analyse the direction and rate of spread of contaminants from various potential dust production points in the plant. Time-weighted average dust concentrations varied between 0.18 and 0.57mg/m³ for total dust and 0.04 and 0.20mg/m³ for quartz respirable dust, depending on the location. Correlation of these values with steady-state tracer gas concentrations yielded linear relationships with correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.87, respectively, for total and quartz dust. Results indicate, therefore, that tracer gases may help model the spread of airborne respirable dust from point sources. These tracer gas releases also allowed the simultaneous quantitative determination of air residence times and contaminant clearance times from the building. (59765)

CIS 93-552 Carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene. Ward J.B., Ammenheuser M.M., Legator M.S., Lancet, 31 Oct. 1992, Vol.340, No.8827, p.1104. 6 ref. (In English)

A letter in response to an earlier one from Melnick et al (see CIS 92-1966) concerning evidence for the carcinogenicity of butadiene in humans. Studies reported here indicate that the present proposed exposure limit of 2ppm may not be sufficiently low to protect workers from health risks associated with butadiene exposure. Epidemiologic studies reported elsewhere link butadiene exposure with haemopoietic cancer. (59672)

CIS 93-553 A strategy for delineating risks due to exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Simonsen L., Lund S.P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.773-792. Illus. 27 ref. Appendix. (In English)

A method for delineating the risks due to exposure to neurotoxic chemicals based upon the linkage of four Danish national computer-based registers is described. Based on the information from the four registers, risk profiles for neurotoxic chemicals in 69 industrial groups were generated which describe the number of neurotoxic chemicals, their potency, the number of exposure measurements exceeding the occupational exposure limit (OEL), and the total and relative number of diseases caused by the chemicals in each group. Based on this linkage, twelve industries are noted to be potentially at high risk and 18 chemicals are identified as "risk chemicals". The evaluation helped to develop a mechanism for priority setting of preventive measures and may also serve as a tool for assessing improvements and selecting areas for further epidemiological studies. In annex: list of approx. 250 neurotoxic compounds, together with their CAS number and risk index. (59703)

CIS 93-554 Assessment of occupational exposure to cadmium in the Netherlands, 1980-1989. Zwennis W.C.M., Franssen A.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.793-805. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

One thousand five hundred fifty urine samples and 1,295 blood samples, collected from 919 workers, were analysed for cadmium (Cd). The workers were employed at 16 different types of workplaces. In about 7.5% of the samples, the concentration of Cd exceeded the biological limit values (CdU = 5µg/g creatinine; CdB = 5µg/L) proposed by the Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards. Levels higher than these values were measured in both urine samples and blood samples of workers involved in electrochemical plating, in production of Cd stabilisers and enamels, and in soldering with silver-cadmium solder. Significantly higher concentrations of β2-microglobulin (MG) were found in urine samples with CdU >10µg/g creatinine. Cd levels in urine increased with age. (59704)

CIS 93-555 A new tool for sampling airborne isocyanates. Sesana G., Nano G., Baj A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.183-186. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

A new sampling system is presented that uses solid sorbent media contained in a tube for the determination of airborne isocyanates (2,4-2,6 toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and 4,4' diaminodiphenylmethane diisocyanate). The method is compared with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method P&CAM 5505 (Revision No.1). Experimental tests yielded results that were highly concordant with the NIOSH method. (59721)

CIS 93-556 Assessment of the reliability of backup systems in diffusive sorbent samplers. Guild L.V., Dietrich D.F., Moore G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.198-203. Illus. 14 + 3 ref. (In English)

Passive monitors that collect chemicals by molecular diffusion are a convenient means of assessing workplace exposures. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of passive monitor backup systems to provide users with greater assurance of sampling reliability. Studies were made of backup systems in use by current manufacturers including Pro-Teck, 3M, and SKC. Monitors were exposed to known concentrations of methylene chloride under differing challenge conditions and analysed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Data from these studies show that there are severe limitations to the usefulness of backup systems as a means of improving sampling reliability. A letter from one of the manufacturers defending the utility of passive dosimeters is appended. (59723)

CIS 93-557 Bias and random errors in historical data of exposure to organic solvents. Olsen E., Laursen B., Vinzents P.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.204-211. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

The paper discusses some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the biases and random errors in industrial hygiene measurements of organic solvents. First, sources of error associated with exposure measurements are identified and evaluated (errors of calibration, desorption, air sampling, and gas chromatographic analysis). Then the sources and consequences of bias are examined. Finally, the bias introduced by using two different sampling strategies is estimated by comparing two studies of exposure to organic solvents in the Danish furniture industry. It is proposed to establish a set of criteria for classification of data before they are stored in databases. It is argued that such a set of rules would cause a huge amount of data to be disregarded for use as historical data, but classification in more homogeneous classes may more than compensate for the loss of data. (59724)

CIS 93-558 Biological monitoring for occupational exposure to toluene. Foo S.C., Jeyaratnam J., Ong C.N., Khoo N.Y., Koh D., Chia S.E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.212-217. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

The study examines the relationship between exposure of workers to toluene and biological indicators of toluene exposure. The biological indicators studied were toluene in expired air and in blood, and urinary hippuric acid. The study was undertaken in a factory that manufactures audio system speakers. Eighty-six female workers exposed to toluene and a control group not exposed were examined. The 8h time-weighted average exposure level ranged from 1.6ppm to 263ppm. The study showed the expected toluene levels in finger prick blood was 1.4µg/mL after an 8h exposure to 100ppm to toluene. The concentration in expired air was 16ppm after an 8h exposure to 100ppm toluene. The toluene in blood/expired air ratio was observed to be lower than other studies. The mean value for a 100ppm exposure was 2.7g/g creatinine. The results showed that at low toluene levels, urinary hippuric acid is not a valuable indicator of exposure. Expired air is the most reliable biological indicator of exposure. (59725)

CIS 93-559 A quantitative approach to the characterization of cumulative and average solvent exposure in paint manufacturing plants. Ford D.P., Schwartz B.S., Powell S., Nelson T., Keller L., Sides S., Agnew J., Bolla K., Bleecker M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.226-234. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

The study describes the development of two exposure variables that quantitatively integrate industrial hygiene sampling data with estimates of exposure duration - a cumulative exposure (CE) estimate and a lifetime-weighted average exposure (LWAE) estimate. Occupational histories of 187 workers at two paint manufacturing plants were obtained. Historic industrial hygiene sampling data for total hydrocarbons were grouped according to 20 uniform, temporarily stable exposure zones. For each participant, the geometric mean total hydrocarbon level for each zone worked in was multiplied by the duration of employment in that zone. The resulting products were totalled for the working lifetime to create the CE variable, which was divided by the total duration of employment in solvent-exposed jobs to create the LWAE variable. The explanatory value of each participant's LWAE estimate in the regression of simple visual reaction time on exposure was compared with other exposure variables. The LWAE variable provided the greatest explanation of the variance of the simple visual reaction time. (59727)

CIS 93-560 Validated methods for degrading hazardous chemicals - Some halogenated compounds. Lunn G., Sansone E.B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.252-257. 22 ref. (In English)

Two techniques were investigated for degrading a number of halogenated compounds of commercial and research importance. In one, reductive dehalogenation with nickel-aluminum alloy in potassium hydroxide solution was used. The products were generally those obtained by replacing the halogen with hydrogen although concomitant reduction of other groups was also observed. In the second, refluxing with ethanolic potassium hydroxide was used. The products were the corresponding ethyl ethers. In all cases, the compounds were completely degraded and only non-mutagenic reaction mixtures were produced. (59730)

CIS 93-561 Benzene in air - Organic vapor monitors versus charcoal tubes. Pristas R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1991, Vol.52, No.7, p.297-304. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

Passive badges used for the sampling of organic vapours in air have been preferred in the industrial hygiene community because of their simplicity and ease of use. However, many practicing industrial hygiene professionals are unconvinced that the devices can give results comparable to the traditional pump and tube technology. A laboratory comparison was made of the 3M 3500 organic vapour monitor versus charcoal tubes in both short-term and full-shift scenarios, with benzene as the chosen analyte of interest. Back diffusion, humidity effects, concentration effects, storage stability, competing solvents, intermediate-duration spikes, short-duration spikes, and fluctuating concentrations were all investigated. The data confirm that the 3M 3500 passive badge gives precise and accurate results that are well within the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) acceptability criteria of ±25% accuracy. (59734)

CIS 93-562 Ion chromatographic measurement of fluoride and sulfur dioxide in samples collected at aluminum smelters. Balya D.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.320-323. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

The traditional analytical techniques for the measurement of airborne fluoride and sulfur dioxide in aluminium smelting plants have been: ion-selective electrodes (ISE) for fluoride, and barium/thorin titration for SO₂. In this study, ion chromatography (IC) was evaluated as a substitute for these two techniques. Dust for particulate fluoride was collected on membrane filters with carbonate-treated backup pads to collect HF and SO₂. Gaseous fluoride and SO₂ were ultrasonically extracted from the treated pad, but particulate fluoride required a borate/carbonate fusion. Collection efficiency and recovery of the analytes, along with the acceptable working ranges and instrument conditions used with IC, are discussed. IC is a desirable substitute for the electrode and titration methods because it is easily automated and the two determinations may be performed simultaneously. Comparison of the techniques for field samples indicates that IC is an adequate substitute for the traditional measurement methods for full-shift samples of fluoride. (59736)

CIS 93-563 Monitoring the performance of occupational health laboratories. Abell M.T., Doemeny L.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.336-339. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

To monitor the performance of occupational health laboratories analysing workplace air, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), with assistance from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, has established four national quality assurance programmes. They are the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program, the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Program, the Asbestos Analysts Registry, and the Bulk Quality Assurance Program. This paper focuses on the PAT Program, a quality audit programme that provides samples of asbestos, silica, metals, and solvents to laboratories quarterly. PAT data for asbestos, silica, and lead were examined for trends in precision. Simple graphs of coefficient of variation during the 18-year history of the programme provide evidence of improved agreement among laboratories performing these analyses. The improvement took place in spite of growth in the number of laboratories and decreases in the levels being analysed. The improvement is attributed to several factors, including improved analytical methods and the very existence of the PAT and AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Programs. (59738)

CIS 93-564 Lead use in California industry - Its prevalence and health implications. Sharp D.S., Perkins C., Samuels S.J., Rosenberg J., Rudolph L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1991, Vol.52, No.10, p.409-416. 30 ref. (In English)

A 1986 California survey estimated that 230,000 workers employed in lead-using activities, although 68% of this number worked in activities of relatively low hazard. Over 1,800 were reported to work in battery manufacture, a relatively high-hazard activity, but with consistent monitoring and protection. In contrast, over 4,300 were involved in radiator repair activities, a high-hazard activity with inconsistent monitoring and protection. Over 8% of construction workers were reported to work in lead-using processes. This sector is exempt from US federal and state occupational lead standards, yet some of the most hazardous activities (welding, grinding, cutting, etc.) occurred here. Comparison of projections from the National Occupational Hazard Survey of potential lead exposure in California with these survey results suggests consistent and reliable assessment of the major sources of potential occupational lead exposure. (59741)

CIS 93-565 Occupational exposure of electrical utility linemen to pentachlorophenol. Thind K.S., Karmali S., House R.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.547-552. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

Exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) by electrical utility linemen was monitored over a six-month period. Urine samples were collected from two groups, plus one control group. Group A was required to use new gloves after each four-week work period; Group B changed gloves as per normal operating procedure. The results showed that the linemen experienced a seasonal exposure pattern with exposures peaking in July and August. This seasonal effect was also observed with glove contamination data. The glove contamination levels were significantly associated with urine PCP concentrations when both these variables were expressed as geometric means for the individuals in Group A. Over the study period, the difference in long-term exposures of Group A and Group B linemen was not statistically significant. The long-term individual exposures, calculated as the geometric mean of each individual's sequential sample readings, were all below the biological monitoring guideline value of 1000µgPCP/g creatinine. (59749)

CIS 93-566 Environmental versus analytical variability in exposure measurements. Nicas M., Simmons B.P., Spear R.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.553-557. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

Measurements of 8h time-weighted average (TWA) exposures are subject to environmental variability and collection and analytical error. Environmental variability can be represented by the geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the lognormally distributed 8h TWAs; analytical variability can be represented by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the normally distributed collection and analytical errors. A mathematical expression is derived for the variance of the measured 8h TWAs as a function of the GSD of the true daily average exposures and the total CV of the industrial hygiene method used in monitoring. For typical values of the GSD and CV, environmental variability is far more important than analytical variability in determining the variance of the measured 8h TWAs. A resulting policy implication is that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration inappropriately focuses on analytical variability when determining compliance with its permissible exposure limits. (59750)

CIS 93-567 Effects of selected process parameters on emission rates of volatile organic chemicals from carpet. Hawkins N.C., Luedtke A.E., Mitchell C.R., LoMenzo J.A., Black M.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1992, Vol.53, No.5, p.275-282. 18 ref. (In English)

New floor covering systems, including new carpets, have been identified as a potential, short-term source of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in new and renovated buildings. This report describes an exploratory study designed to examine several manufacturing variables and their effects on VOC emission rates from new carpets. It was based on a statistical experimental design conducted at a carpet mill on a full-scale production line. The outcome variable (VOC emission rate) was examined relative to selected independent variables: latex type, latex amount, makeup air into the drying oven, residence time in the drying oven, and their interactions. Significant variables were identified for a number of emission rate models. There seem to be no simple answers for an easy reduction of VOC emission rates, but future investigations are suggested. (59751)

CIS 93-568 The development of cleanup criteria for an acutely toxic pesticide at a contaminated industrial facility. LaGoy P.K., Bohrer R.L., Halvorsen F.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1992, Vol.53, No.5, p.298-302. 15 ref. (In English)

Sodium fluoroacetate, a restricted-use rodenticide, was improperly applied to kill rats in a South American steel mill. As a result of this application, several workers were seriously injured. Clean-up levels were developed to prevent significant exposure of workers who could inhale contaminated dust, contact dust, or soil dust in outdoor areas or on plant floors and who could contact contaminated surfaces. On the basis of a health risk analysis, the following clean-up levels for sodium fluoroacetate were developed: air clean-up levels, 0.05mg/m³; soil/dust clean-up levels, 100mg/kg; and wipe sample clean-up levels, 0.2mg/100cm². These risk-based clean-up levels were ultimately used to assist the regulatory agencies in reaching a decision to reopen the plant. (59752)

CIS 93-569 Occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate-based polyisocyanates in the state of Oregon, 1980-1990. Janko M., McCarthy K., Fajer M., van Raalte J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1992, Vol.53, No.5, p.331-338. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

Monitoring of exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene (HDI) monomers and HDI polyisocyanates from spray painting and related activities was conducted by taking 562 air samples from 60 workplaces in Oregon, USA, from 1980-1990. A high number of the samples (42%) exceeded the Oregon permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 1mg/m³ for HDI polyisocyanates. Spray finishing operations were divided into three categories: continuous industrial spraying, auto body repair shops, and intermittent spray operations of large objects. In all the surveys, the ventilation facilities and personal protective equipment were evaluated. The exposure levels were related to the HDI polymer content of the paint, types of spray guns used, ventilation facilities, and personal work practices. The impact of the Oregon PEL on the use of personal protective equipment is discussed. (59754)

CIS 93-570 Real-time personal monitoring in the workplace using radio telemetry. Kovein R.J., Hentz P.A., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.168-173. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

A system to transmit radio data from remote locations within a workplace to a personal computer for immediate interpretation has been developed. The system consists of several radio transmitters and a base receiver capable of multichannel reception. Exposure data obtained from any direct reading instrument with an analogue output signal can be displayed and stored at the computer. The worker being monitored carries the instrument in a backpack, along with a transmitter. Airborne contaminant concentrations can be displayed on a video monitor for immediate assessment while being stored for later analysis. In terms of portability and convenience, the transmitter is similar to a wireless telephone. The system can be used to monitor up to five workers. A case study involving a furniture refinisher's exposure to methylene chloride is described to demonstrate the utility of radio telemetry. (59769)

CIS 93-571 Epidemiological and experimental aspects of metal carcinogenesis - Physicochemical properties, kinetics, and the active species. Magos L., Environmental Health Perspectives, Nov. 1991, Vol.95, p.157-189. 284 ref. (In English)

The carcinogenic properties of selected metals and their compounds are reviewed to provide a useful reference for existing knowledge on relationships between physical and chemical forms, kinetics and carcinogenic potential and between epidemiology, bioassays, and short-term tests. Extensive consideration is given to arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel. Other metals such as antimony, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc are discussed briefly. (59796)

CIS 93-572 Complex mixtures in industrial workspaces - Lessons for indoor air quality evaluations. Lippy B.E., Turner R.W., Environmental Health Perspectives, Nov. 1991, Vol.95, p.81-83. 13 ref. (In English)

Acceptable occupational exposure levels for hundreds of airborne concentrations of dusts, vapours, fumes, and gases have been set by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The ACGIH threshold limit values (TLVs) are useful reference values in the relatively new field of indoor air quality evaluations. However, none of these levels, whether guidelines or regulatory requirements, are established based on any possible synergistic effect with other chemicals. The only guidance given by the ACGIH for synergistic effects is that such cases must be determined individually. The paper discusses the major drawbacks in using occupational standards and guidelines for evaluating the health effects of chemical agents found in office settings, often in concentrations in orders of magnitude less than those which are routinely measured in the workplace. It is argued that the guidelines are even less valuable when considering synergistic effects of chemicals. (59798)

CIS 93-573 Properties and health effects of industrial solvents. (Spanish: Propiedades y efectos sobre la salud, de los disolventes industriales) Laborda Grima R., Velasco Ortega J., Prevención, July-Sep. 1991, No.117, p.20-25. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

Classification and physical properties of the most frequently used industrial solvents are presented. Attention is given to general health effects of solvents. These include: narcotic effects, irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, headache, nausea, and dermatitis. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are indicated as chronic effects. Effects of toxic metabolites resulting from the biotransformation of solvents are also indicated. Methods for the control of solvents in the workplace and preventive measures are discussed. (59836)

CIS 93-574 Occupational sensitisation in the alkaloid preparation industry (Papaver somniferum). (Spanish: Sensibilización profesional en la industria de preparación de alcaloides (Papaver somniferum)) Alday E., Moneo I., Lucena R., Zamorano M.L., Montilla A., Cabezas M.M., López M.J., Salud y trabajo, 1991, No.84, p.4-8. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

A study on sensitisation to poppy (Papaver somniferum) powder took place in the morphine-extraction section of a pharmaceutical enterprise. Medical examinations, in particular skin, blood and respiratory function tests and radiological examinations, were performed on 29 workers, seven of whom had symptoms of sensitisation. The results of the tests indicated that occupational sensitisation to the antigen under study occurred in individuals with symptoms. It was concluded that the medical examinations carried out were appropriate for the investigation of sensitisation. A description of the industrial processes to obtain alkaloids from the poppy plant is included. (59844)

CIS 93-575 Respiratory and nasal septum changes in workers in a chromate manufacturing industry. (Spanish: Alteraciones respiratorias y del tabique nasal en trabajadores de una industria productora de cromatos) Sole D., Sanz-Gallen P., Pérez Nicolás J., Marqués F., Moreno N., Moliné J.L., Salud y trabajo, 1992, No.92, p.24-34. Illus. 45 ref. (In Spanish)

In order to study the occupational risks of exposure to chromium and its derivatives, in particular with regard to nasal septum and respiratory disturbances, 197 workers grouped according to exposure (long-term, occasional and never) were examined. A specific questionnaire and physical examination and complementary tests were used to obtain data. Signs and symptoms such as coughing and expectoration, dyspnoea, asthma, rattling, whistling, cyanosis, and nasal septum disturbances were investigated, as well as smoking habits. Chest x-ray examinations, respiratory function tests and sputum cytology were performed. As for nasal septum disturbances, the results were similar to those of previous studies. On the other hand, data on respiratory disturbances did not correlate with those of previous studies. (59847)

CIS 93-576 Non specific environmental factors and asthma development. Górski P., Tarkowski M., Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.5, No.3, p.227-236. 95 ref. (In English)

Environmental pollutants seem to be responsible for the dramatic increase in allergic disorders that have been observed lately. The best documented environmental factors facilitating allergy development are: ozone, diesel-exhaust particulate matter and tobacco smoke. Formaldehyde and SO₂ seem to be very important but still are not sufficiently documented. Mechanisms involved in allergy promotion include: better penetration of allergens across respiratory mucosa and direct modulation of immunological responses. (59893)

CIS 93-577 Lack of blood formate accumulation in humans following exposure to methanol vapor at the current permissible exposure limit of 200ppm. Lee E.W., Terzo T.S., D'Arcy J.B., Gross K.B., Schreck R.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1992, Vol.53, No.2, p.99-104. 18 ref. (In English)

Accumulation of formate, the putative toxic metabolite of methanol, in the blood and the relationship between pulmonary intake and blood methanol concentration were investigated in 6 volunteers following 6hr exposures (at rest and under light exercise) to 200ppm methanol (the current OSHA 8hr-TWA permissible exposure limit). At the end of the exposures the blood methanol concentrations increased from a mean of 1.8µg/mL to 7.0µg/mL (at rest) and 8.1µg/mL (under light exercise, no statistically significant increase, even though the total amount of methanol inhaled was 1.8 times that inhaled at rest). Formate did not accumulate in the blood above the background level in any of the experiments. In conclusion, when exposure to methanol is at the < 200ppm level, (1) the biological load of methanol does not increase with light physical exercise, and (2) there is no accumulation of formate in the blood. (59948)

CIS 93-578 Regulation of priority carcinogens and reproductive or developmental toxicants. Hooper K., LaDou J., Rosenbaum J.S., Book S.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.793-808. 52 ref. (In English)

In California, 370 carcinogens and 112 reproductive/developmental toxicants have been identified as a result of the State's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. The lists of chemicals were compiled following systematic review of published data, including technical reports from the US Public Health Service - National Toxicology Program (NTP), and evaluation of recommendations from authoritative bodies such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Given the large number of chemicals that are carcinogens or reproductive/developmental toxicants, regulatory concerns should focus on those that have high potential for human exposure, e.g., widely distributed or easily absorbed solvents, metals, environmental mixtures, or reactive agents. This paper presents a list of 33 potential priority carcinogens and reproductive/developmental toxicants, including alcoholic beverages, asbestos, benzene, chlorinated solvents, formaldehyde, glycol ethers, lead, tobacco smoke, and toluene. (59992)

CIS 93-579 Fatal systemic poisoning after skin exposure to monochloroacetic acid. Kulling P., Andersson H., Boström K., Johansson L.A., Lindström B., Nyström B., Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, 1992, Vol.30, No.4, p.643-652. 27 ref. (In English)

Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is used in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose, phenoxyacetates, pigments and drugs. A person unloading 80% MCA solution from his truck at a plant was splashed. He was wearing no protective clothing. Although his clothes were removed within minutes and he showered for 20min, he suffered chemical burns over 25-30% of his body. Two hours after the accident, his blood pressure fell. He subsequently lost consciousness and stopped breathing. The plasma MCA concentration 4h after the accident was 33mg/mL. In spite of increasingly vigorous life-support measures, the victim died seven days after the day of the accident. Many organ systems showed abnormalities at autopsy. Besides the corrosiveness of MCA, its poisonous properties must be kept in mind. (59679)

CIS 93-580 Clinical evaluation of workers handling melamine formaldehyde resin. Srivastava A.K., Gupta B.N., Gaur J.S., Bihari V., Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, 1992, Vol.30, No.4, p.677-681. 13 ref. (In English)

Letter to the editor describing the working conditions and state of health of six workers in a paper mill in India. The six were assigned to the preparation of melamine resin suspensions for treating paper. They were exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation and to melamine resin by skin contact. The clinical picture in all six cases resembled that described in the literature for cases of formaldehyde exposure. However, haemoglobin levels were depressed and peripheral lymphocyte counts elevated in four and three of the subjects, respectively; such effects of formaldehyde have not been reported previously. (59680)

CIS 93-581 Toluene vapor exposure and urinary excretion of hippuric acid among workers in China. Liu S.J., Qu Q.S., Xu X.P., Liu Y.T., Yin S.N., Takeuchi Y., Watanabe T, Inoue O., Yoshida M., Ikeda M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.313-323. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

A factory survey was conducted in three provinces in China from 1985 to 1989. The time-weighted average toluene concentrations in breathing zone air were monitored by diffusive sampling, whereas hippuric acid (HA) concentrations in shift-end urine samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposed workers (456 men and women) were those for whom toluene (up to 548ppm toluene) accounted for ≥90% of total exposure (by vapour concentration in ppm) compared to 517 non-exposed controls. There was a linear correlation between the intensity of toluene exposure and HA concentration in the shift-end urine. Comparison of the results with findings in the literature shows that the toluene-induced increase in urinary HA concentration among workers in China is significantly smaller than the published values, whereas HA concentrations in urine samples from non-exposed controls are comparable to the levels previously reported. (59853)

CIS 93-582 Neurobehavioral effects of long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents - Two comparable studies. Spurgeon A., Gray C.N., Sims J., Calvert I., Levy L.S., Harvey P.G., Harrington J.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.325-335. 22 ref. (In English)

Two comparable cross-sectional studies were carried out employing the same methodology but involving two separate solvent-exposed populations (N=90, N=144). In both studies, solvent-exposed workers were compared with age-matched controls on tests selected from the Neurobehavioural Evaluation System and on standardised questionnaire measures of symptomatology and psychiatric state. A similar pattern of results was obtained in the two studies indicating a significant effect on cognitive functioning, after controlling for confounding variables, occurring in those with more than 30 years of exposure. A more specific effect on learning processes was observed in those with more than 10 years of exposure. There were no indications in either study of a solvent-related increase in psychiatric symptoms. (59854)

CIS 93-583 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from mercury. Kanerva L., Komulainen M., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1993, Vol.28, No.1, p.26-28. 26 ref. (In English)

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from metallic mercury is rare. The authors present the only two patients with relevant occupational mercury allergy detected at their clinic since 1974. The first patient was a dental nurse who became sensitised to metallic mercury from amalgam when handling uncured amalgam without protective gloves. The second patient had previously been sensitised to mercury from topical medicaments and developed work-related dermatitis when a mercury thermometer was broken at her place of work. Both patients had a positive patch test reaction to metallic mercury. (59883)

CIS 93-584 Dithranol allergy: fact or fiction?. Burden A.D., Stapleton M., Beck M.H., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1992, Vol.27, No.5, p.291-293. 13 ref. (In English)

A case of a psoriatic patient allergic to dithranol and coal tar is described. It is suggested that dithranol 0.001% pet. is a suitable concentration to test for dithranol allergy, as higher concentrations may produce irritant reactions. The literature on dithranol allergy is reviewed and the frequent simultaneous reactions to dithranol and coal tar discussed. (59889)

CIS 93-585 A mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants. Ward E., Okun A., Ruder A., Fingerhut M., Steenland K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.885-904. 33 ref. (In English)

This analysis reports on a retrospective cohort mortality study among 9,225 male workers employed at seven beryllium processing facilities for at least two days between 1 January 1940 and 31 December 1969. Vital status was ascertained through 31 December 1988. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in the total cohort was 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.42), with significant SMRs for two of the oldest plants. For the overall cohort, significantly elevated SMRs were found for "ischaemic heart disease" (SMR=1.08; 95% CI=1.01-1.14), "pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases" (SMR=1.48; 95% CI=1.21-1.80), and "chronic and unspecified nephritis, renal failure, and other renal sclerosis" (SMR=1.49; 95% CI=1.00-2.12). Lung cancer SMRs did not increase with longer duration of employment, but did increase with longer latency (time since first exposure). Continued mortality follow-up of this cohort will provide a more definitive assessment of lung cancer risk at the newer plants and among cohort members hired in the 1950s or later at the older plants. (59999)

CIS 93-586 The physiological cost of wearing a disposable respirator. Jones J.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.219-225. Illus. 48 ref. (In English)

A series of experiments was carried out to measure the effects of wearing a single-use disposable respirator. Cardiopulmonary effects, breathing resistance, and heat stress were measured. Ten male volunteers exercised on a treadmill both with and without 3M Model 8715 respirators. Workloads corresponding to light, moderate, and heavy levels were calculated for each volunteer based on his maximal oxygen uptake. As work intensity increased, an increase in breathing resistance was found. The respirator use trial had a significantly increased respiratory rate. Heart rate also showed a dose-related increase as work intensity increased and was significantly greater in the respirator trials at heavy work levels and during recovery. Systolic blood pressure showed a biphasic response to respirator use, being significantly lower at rest and higher at high work levels. Air temperatures anterior to the face were on average 7.5°C higher in the respirator trials. The use of a respirator is associated with significant physiological costs, especially at moderate and heavy work loads. (59726)

CIS 93-587 The influence of the helmet respirator on peak flow rate in aluminum potroom. Kongerud J., Rambjør Ø., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.243-248. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

The efficiency of the Racal Airstream helmet respirator in improving peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) and symptoms (dyspnoea, wheezing, and cough) in aluminum potroom workers with respiratory complaints was assessed in 19 workers. Peak expiratory flow readings and symptom recording from a two-week working period with use of the respirator were compared with a period when the 3M 9906 disposable mask was used. The study was designed as a randomised, parallel, cross-over study with five or six daily measurements of PEFR and daily symptom recording. A significant number of workers (15) had a higher mean peak flow in the helmet period than in the non-helmet period (p<0.01); symptoms did not improve significantly in the helmet period. Objective evidence of respiratory protection was observed for the group of workers as a whole, but the effect on symptoms as well as individual effect on peak flow was minor in the majority of the workers. (59728)

CIS 93-588 A comparison of controlled negative pressure and aerosol quantitative respirator fit test systems by using fixed leaks. Crutchfield C.D., Murphy R.W., Van Ert M.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1991, Vol.52, No.6, p.249-251. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

An automated version of a new method for quantitative respirator fit testing by controlled negative pressure was compared with a computerised aerosol fit test system. The controlled negative pressure technique eliminates many of the problems associated with aerosol and pressure decay fit test methods. A series of fixed leaks was used to compare the leak measurement capabilities of the controlled negative pressure system against a standard computerised aerosol fit test system. Negative pressure and aerosol fit factors determined for a series of fixed leaks through hypodermic needles were highly correlated with each other (r=0.998) and with the cross-sectional areas of the leak needles (r>0.995). (59729)

CIS 93-589 Development of a field method for determining the service lives of respirator cartridges - Part IV. Results of field validation trials. Cohen H.J., Levine S.P., Garrison R.P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1991, Vol.52, No.7, p.263-270. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

Results of a fourth study on the use of small, carbon-filled glass tubes (respirator carbon tubes - RCTs), for predicting the service lives of organic vapour respirator cartridges are presented. Organic vapours are drawn through the RCT by using a personal sampling pump until breakthrough is detected. This breakthrough time is then used in conjunction with a bed-resident adsorption model to predict the breakthrough time of a cartridge containing carbon identical to that in the RCT. In a workplace environment the RCT method was applied to the prediction of breakthrough times of known concentrations of carbon tetrachloride and pyridine. The method predicted cartridge breakthrough times to an accuracy of ±8% at the 95% confidence level, which equalled or exceeded results of previously reported laboratory studies. Actual breakthrough times averaged within ±5% of those predicted with previous laboratory data. A plot of bed-residence time versus breakthrough time yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.71 when ambient concentrations were standardised. (59731)

CIS 93-590 Permeation testing of protective gloves by using two different permeation cells in an open-loop system (neoprene-toluene). Mellström G.A., Landersjö L., Boman A.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.309-314. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Two permeation test cells of different sizes were used in a study of the permeation of toluene through two neoprene gloves and special neoprene sheet stock. Three flow rates of the collecting medium through the test cells were used to explore to what extent variation in flow rate would affect the breakthrough times and the steady-state permeation rate. The breakthrough time values were not affected to a significant degree by cell size or by increasing the flow rate of the collecting medium from 60 to 120mL/min. The steady-state permeation rate values were evidently influenced by the flow rate of the collecting medium and by the size and configuration of the test cell. (59735)

CIS 93-591 Evaluation of a simple weight-loss method for determining the permeation of organic liquids through rubber films. Mickelsen R.L., Hall R.C., Chern R.T., Myers J.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1991, Vol.52, No.10, p.445-447. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

The standard ASTM method for determining permeation of liquids through polymeric films (F739-85) was compared with a simple weight-loss method constructed of off-the-shelf components. The steady-state flux obtained by using the weight-loss method gave results statistically equivalent to the more analytically complex ASTM method, the latter which required more analytical skill and training and more costly equipment. The weight-loss method needs further improvement and validation but shows promise even in its present form. By using this method, the potential exists for far more chemical protective clothing users to conduct their own low cost permeation testing of candidate protective clothing materials. It is not meant to replace the standard ASTM method but to supplement it as a screening test. (59745)

CIS 93-592 Adsorption characteristics of organic solvent vapor on activated carbon under fluctuating vapor concentrations. Hori H., Tanaka I., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.347-351. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

Air containing organic solvent vapour was introduced into a glass column packed with activated carbon particles under conditions of rectangularly fluctuating vapour concentration. Adsorption and non-adsorption cycles were repeated at the same intervals under a constant flow rate. The experimental breakthrough curves and the breakthrough times were compared with those obtained under a constant vapour concentration. The breakthrough curves at the fluctuating vapour concentration were oscillated and the breakthrough times were sometimes significantly shorter than those at constant vapour concentration when the designed average vapour concentration (concentration averaged over an equal number of on and off cycles) was equal. Because vapour concentrations in the work environments fluctuate, the effective time of charcoal tubes and respirator cartridges may become shorter than the expected times based on laboratory studies performed under conditions of constant vapour concentration. (59761)

CIS 93-593 Permeation resistance of glove materials to agricultural pesticides. Schwope A.D., Goydan R., Ehntholt D., Frank U., Nielsen A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.352-361. 10 ref. (In English)

More than 100 permeation tests (in triplicate) with approximately 20 pesticide formulations were conducted with 13 different glove materials. The test method measured the simultaneous permeation of the carrier solvent(s) and active ingredient(s), in particular those active ingredients that have low solubility in water and low volatility. The key among the findings is that the carrier solvent generally permeates first and at a much higher rate than the active ingredient. Furthermore, the permeation behaviour of formulations containing solvents generally mirrored that of "neat" carrier solvents (composed of a single active ingredient in pure form) alone. Thus, insight into the selection of the most appropriate glove material for a given pesticide formulation can be gained from permeation data for "neat" chemicals. Preferred materials include nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, and plastic film laminates. Natural rubber and polyvinyl chloride materials generally are not recommended. (59762)

CIS 93-594 Method development for measuring respirator exhalation valve leakage. Brueck S., Lehtimaki M., Krishnan U., Willeke K., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.174-179. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

A quality assurance test was developed for respirators to be administered before field use. The purpose of the test is to control for leakage through the exhalation valve or any other potential leak source such as the seal between the respirator body and the air purifying cartridges. Respirator leaks are most likely caused by the exhalation valve. Exhalation valve leakage was measured in both new valves and field-use valves. Leakage through new valves was minimal in most cases, but one brand of new valves was found to leak significantly. Five percent of 67 field-used exhalation valves had unsatisfactory leakages indicating that dust or debris on the exhalation valve or valve seat may compromise the proper functioning of the valves. The cleaning of both new and field-used exhalation valves with water caused leakage to decrease significantly, thus supporting the importance of good respirator cleaning programmes for industry. (59770)

CIS 93-595 Application of polyozadiazole fibres for protective clothing. (German: Anwendung von Polyoxadiozolfasern in der Arbeitsschutzbekleidung) Taeger E., Mieck K.P., Banke K.H., Chemiefasern / Textil-Industrie, 1991, Vol.41, No.3, p.T28-T33. Illus. 16 ref. (In German)

The results of resistance tests of poly-p-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole (POD) fibres to heat, fire, water vapour, solvents, ultraviolet radiation, warm acids and alkaline substances are presented. The POD fibre is capable of resisting temperatures above 300°C for short periods of time and temperatures of 200°C and below for long periods of time. It is fire and solvent resistant. The possible applications of the fibres, such as in bag filters for flue gas cleaning or protective clothing, are outlined. In tests of the thermal insulating property of protective gloves made of the fibre, the POD gloves were comparable to those made of asbestos fibre. (59979)

CIS 93-596 Investigation of a fatality among parathion applicators in California. Osorio A.M., Ames R.G., Rosenberg J., Mengle D.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1991, Vol.20, No.4, p.533-546. 16 ref. Appendix. (In English)

Staff of the California Department of Health Services investigated the death of a parathion applicator in California that was thought to be pesticide-related. A crew of eleven workers had been applying 0.125% parathion spray to almond orchards for approximately three weeks. On the day of the fatality, a sprayer rapidly developed symptoms of salivation, sweating, and convulsions after a half-day of work. Despite aggressive medical treatment, the worker died within one hour of his initial symptoms. This worker death is consistent with prior reports of parathion-related sprayer/applicator intoxications and is the first worker-related parathion death in California since 1972. Substitution of pesticides with less toxic active ingredients or the elimination of parathion is recommended. (59694)

CIS 93-597 An evaluation of airborne nickel, zinc, and lead exposure at hot dip galvanizing plants. Verma D.K., Shaw D.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.511-515. 15 ref. (In English)

Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at three hot dip galvanising plants to determine occupational exposure to nickel, zinc, and lead. All three plants employed the "dry process" and used 2% nickel, by weight, in their zinc baths. A total of 32 personal and area air samples were taken. The air samples were analysed for nickel, zinc, and lead. Some samples were also analysed for various species of nickel (i.e., metallic, soluble, and oxidic). The airborne concentrations observed for nickel and its three species, zinc, and lead at the three plants were all well below the current and proposed threshold limit values recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (59746)

CIS 93-598 Determination of the exposure to fibrous dusts during installation of cellulose insulating material. (German: Untersuchungen zur Belastung durch faserförmige Stäube bei der Verarbeitung von Cellulose-Dämmstoffen) Tiesler H., Schnittger J., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, July 1992, Vol.42, No.7, p.278-285. Illus. 20 ref. (In German)

The concentrations of organic and respirable dust during installation of cellulose insulating material in buildings were determined. The insulating material was made from newsprint and was of loose nature. A peak value of 19.7mg respirable dust/m³ was obtained, which exceeds the dust limit presently in force in Germany of 6mg/m³ (TRGS 900, see CIS 92-966). Fibre counts yielded 12.4 and 57.3 million fibres/m³ with diameters of less than 1µm and less than 3µm. Only fibres with a length of more than 5µm were counted. Fibre counts after installation yielded 530,000 fibres/m³ with a diameter of less than 3µm, 180,000 of these had a diameter of less than 1µm. These results contradict data provided by manufacturers. (59989)

CIS 93-599 Fluorocarbon 113 exposure and cardiac dysrhythmias among aerospace workers. Egeland G.M., Bloom T.F., Schnorr T.M., Hornung R.W., Suruda A.J., Wille K.K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.851-857. 15 ref. (In English)

The cardiotoxic effects of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (fluorocarbon 113 or FC113) exposures among healthy workers cleaning rocket and ground support equipment for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) programmes were investigated. Exposure and ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring data were evaluated on 16 workers, each of whom was examined on exposed and non-exposed workdays. Overall, no subject differences in the rate of ventricular and supraventricular premature beats (number per 1,000 heart beats), fluctuations in the length of the P-R interval, or heart rate were found. The levels of FC113 exposures below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 8h time-weighted-average (TWA) standard of 1,000ppm did not induce cardiac dysrhythmias or subtle changes in cardiac activity. However, because fluorocarbons may sensitise the heart to epinephrine, this study's negative findings based on sedentary and fairly health workers may not be generalised in relation to other populations of workers who are not as healthy or engaged in more physically demanding work. (59996)

CIS 93-600 Lung cancer caused by arsenic-containing pyrites used in sulfuric acid production - An occupational problem carried over from past exposures. (German: Lungenkrebs durch arsenhaltigen Schwefelkies bei der Schwefelsäureherstellung - ein arbeitsmedizinisches Altlasten-Problem) Hain E., Korallus U., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, July 1992, Vol.42, No.7, p.266-276. Illus. 37 ref. (In German)

An increased incidence of bronchial cancer in sulfuric acid production plants became apparent in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984. Only employees who had worked in the production plants before 1959 were found to be affected. The high exposure to arsenic-containing dusts before 1959 was identified as the cause of the elevated lung cancer incidence. It was due to open roasting of pyrite in manually operated single plate roasters and mechanically operated multiplate roasters, which were in use until 1959. The concentrations of arsenic were far in excess of the exposure limits. Review of the legal aspects of the problem and of compensation. Detailed summaries in English, French and German. (59988)

CIS 93-601 Partial reversibility of morphological and functional changes of the nasal mucosa after termination of long-term exposure to formaldehyde. (German: Partielle Reversibilität der morphologischen und funktionellen Veränderungen der Nasenschleimhaut nach Beendigung langjähriger Exposition gegenüber Formaldehyd) Reiche K., Müller C., Börngen K., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie, 1992, Vol.42, No.5, p.182-186. Illus. 16 ref. (In German)

In comparison to a non-exposed control group, mucociliary clearance was impaired in 50% and olfactory function in about 30% of 18 workers in a felt manufacturing plant. The workers had been exposed to formaldehyde for an average of 11.3 years. Reexamination of 6 workers 1 year after termination of the exposure to formaldehyde yielded evidence of metaplastic changes returning to normal. (59978)

CIS 93-602 Responses among New Jersey's largest employers to legislation restricting smoking at the worksite. Lewit E.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.385-393. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

In 1985, the state of New Jersey (USA) enacted a law requiring that employers with more than 50 employees implement policies to control smoking in places of employment. The 104 largest private employers in New Jersey were surveyed in 1988 to assess their worksite smoking policies. Of the 92 respondents, 97% had implemented restrictive workplace smoking policies. Only 12% of respondents had implemented such policies prior to the date required by the law, and 86% cited the law as the reason for restricting smoking in the workplace. Over two-thirds of respondents placed restrictions on smoking in open areas, while only one-third restricted smoking in private offices. Non-smoking employees were reported by 80% of respondents to be supportive of restrictive smoking policies, but 23% reported dissatisfaction by their smoking employees. The New Jersey law appears to have been an important factor in the adoption of workplace smoking restrictions by the state's largest employers. (59859)

CIS 93-603 Comparative study of anti-smoking legislation in countries of the European Economic Community. Sasco A.J., Dalla-Vorgia P., Van der Elst P., International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 82p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 30.00., ISBN 92-832-1421-8 (In English)

This document examines both existing and proposed legislation and regulations involving tobacco use. Topics covered: advertising; labelling and limits on tar levels; protection of children; definition of tobacco products and prohibition of certain smokeless products; smoking in public places and workplaces. A table lists those countries with projected legislation or regulation for the workplace. (59690)

CIS 93-604 Hepatic peroxisome proliferation. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 1992. ii, 96p. Illus. ca. 260 ref. (In English)

During the last decade an increasing number of chemical compounds have been found to induce peroxisome proliferation in the liver cells of experimental animals. This literature survey examines the mechanism of peroxisome proliferation and describes compounds known to cause it. The available evidence strongly supports the conclusion that exposure to these compounds at low levels (e.g. at therapeutic doses or at environmental exposure levels) presents no risk of tumour development to man. This conclusion is in agreement with the available epidemiological data. (59771)

CIS 93-605 Styrene toxicology investigations on the potential for carcinogenicity. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Nov. 1992. 61p. ca. 180 ref. (In English)

New toxicokinetic data on styrene and the metabolic occurrence of styrene oxide are presented along with information on macromolecular binding in vivo. Based on experimental data, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for styrene and styrene oxide was developed, validated and used to calculate the body burden of these compounds for man in relation to animals. From results of these studies and DNA binding studies, it is concluded that the carcinogenic potential of styrene, if one exists at all, must be so low that occupational or environmental exposure to styrene is unlikely to present any genotoxic or carcinogenic hazard for man. (59772)

CIS 93-606 A guide to performing reinspections under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA). US Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW, Washington D.C. 20460, USA, Feb. 1992. iv, 99p. Illus. (In English)

This guide aims to assist inspectors and others in meeting the specific requirements for an AHERA reinspection of asbestos-containing building materials in elementary and secondary schools and provides guidance for improving the accuracy and quality of information available about these materials during the reinspection. Responsibilities of AHERA designated persons, inspectors and management planners are explained and a series of sample forms and checklists is provided to assist in the reinspection process. Glossary. (59776)

CIS 93-607 Triglycidyl isocyanurate; Beryllium and beryllium compounds. Meldrum M., Delic J.I., Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 14p. + 62p. 59 + 247 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-11-886343-6 (In English)

Little information is available on the effects of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) in humans. Skin sensitisation leading to severe dermatitis has been reported in occupationally exposed workers. There is little information on the toxic effects of beryllium or its compounds in humans following a single exposure, although chemical pneumonitis has been observed following single massive exposures. Soluble beryllium compounds have been reported to produce skin and eye irritation. Repeated exposure to beryllium or its compounds can result in an acute or chronic form of lung disease. No conclusions can be reached concerning the carcinogenic potential of beryllium in humans. (59777)

CIS 93-608 Evaluation of the neurotoxic potential of chemicals. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse (Bte. 6), 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Sep. 1992. 125p. ca. 500 ref. (In English)

Topics covered in this review: background information on hazard identification and hazard and risk assessment; understanding and defining neurotoxicity; review of current test methods; relevance of results for man; practical testing strategy; conclusions and recommendations. Evaluation should include descriptions of functional and morphological effects as well as the determination of the dose response, time course, reversibility of effects and the no observed effect level (NOEL). A tiered testing strategy is recommended. (59812)

CIS 93-609 Estimating environmental concentrations of chemicals using fate and exposure models. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 4 Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse (Bte. 6), 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Nov. 1992. 80p. ca. 150 ref. (In English)

This report provides details of the processes that determine the fate and exposure of chemicals in the environment, a discussion of selected models and their appropriate use and limitations, and guidance on quality assurance and validation of modelling. Models are categorised according to the media for which they are intended to be used (air, water, soil and multi-media models). The practical application of models is described and examples of models are given. It is concluded that such models can be powerful tools for evaluating the potential hazard of chemicals released in the environment. However, proper validation procedures should be developed to ensure the scientific quality of the models. (59813)

CIS 93-610 DEC and SCG basis for an occupational health standard. Pyridine. Warholm M., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 20p. 73 ref., ISBN 91-7045-151-6 (In English)

Criteria document. Pyridine has an unpleasant, nauseating odour and it is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Mild symptoms of central nervous system injury may result from exposure to approximately 10ppm. Higher doses cause liver and kidney damage. Most studies on mutagenicity and genotoxicity are negative. The critical effects of pyridine seem to be its effects on the central nervous system and the liver. Summary in swedish. (59829)

CIS 93-611 DEC and SCG basis for an occupational health standard. Gasoline. Wibowo A.A.E., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 65p. 74 ref., ISBN 91-7045-159-1 (In English)

Criteria document. The critical organs in short-term inhalation exposure to gasoline are the mucous membranes of the sensory organs and the central nervous system. In long-term exposure, changes of the liver function and respiratory system may occur. The limited data available on experimental animals suggest that gasoline does not have teratogenic or embryotoxic activity. There is inadequate evidence of carcinogenic, mutagenic or clastogenic effects in humans, although these conclusions may not be applicable to the individual components of gasoline. Summaries in English and Swedish. (59830)

CIS 93-612 Bitumens and bitumen derivatives. CONCAWE, Madouplein 1, 1030 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 1992. 47p. 59 ref. (In English)

This dossier collates the available health, safety and environmental data on bitumens and their derivatives. Research on possible adverse human health effects following exposure to bitumen is limited and there is uncertainty regarding the link between bitumen and cancer. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of bitumen fumes may result in chronic bronchitis and other respiratory disorders. Most bitumens and derivatives are handled hot and the main danger is from thermal burns. Prolonged and repeated skin contact at lower temperatures causes skin irritation and may present a potential carcinogenic hazard. (59914)

CIS 93-613 The operation of the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 - Annual Report 1991-92. Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, 1992. vi, 18p. 6 ref. (In English)

This is a report on the activities under the Australian National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) set up under the 1989 Act (abstracted under CIS 91-1760). The Report concerns: assessment of new chemicals (60 notifications received, 37 assessments completed); establishment of the selection criteria for priority existing chemicals; declaration of the first priority existing chemical (1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, TGIC); transfer of the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances to Worksafe Australia; review of government financing arrangements; regulatory impact review; legislative changes; committee activities; international cooperation; the Chemical Gazette and other publications; analysis of assessment time; future directions. In annex: list of chemical assessment reports published in 1991-92. The previous report for NICNAS was published together with the 1990-1991 Annual Report of the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC) (see CIS 92-826). (59983)

CIS 93-614 Hazard assessment of chemical contaminants in soil - Revised Appendix 3. Veerkamp W., ten Berge W., European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, 250 Avenue Louise (Bte. 63), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Apr. 1992. 50p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

This revised Appendix 3 of ECETOC Technical Report No.40 describes the concept of HESP, a computer programme to estimate the exposure of human beings to contaminants in soil. Background information on the HESP model is presented along with descriptions of the equations used in the programme and the model parameters used in the calculations. The calculated results represent the greatest cumulative intakes for individuals living at a contaminated site or exposed to predicted environmental concentrations. (59991)

CIS 93-615 The COSHH Regulations: A practical guide. Simpson D., Simpson W.G., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Cambridge CB4 4WF, United Kingdom, 1991. xii, 192p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-85186-189-X (In English)

Detailed discussion, from the viewpoint of scientists and engineers, of the impact of the British Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 (COSHH, S.I. 1657, see CIS 89-1092). Chapters cover: introduction (general discussion and survey); viewpoint from the Confederation of British Industry; legal requirements; measurements; statutory records; recording COSHH assessments; microbiological aspects; compliance in the newspaper printing industry; application in retail trade; application in scientific research; COSHH and the air, land and water environments (with a glossary of terms and definitions proposed). In appendix: signs and labels. (60007)

CIS 93-616 Endrin. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 241p. ca. 550 ref. Price: CHF 28.00 (CHF 19.60 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157130-6 (In English)

The primary site of action of endrin is the central nervous system; exposure of humans to a toxic dose may lead to excitability and convulsions and death may follow within 2-12 hours if appropriate treatment is not administered immediately. Cases of acute non-fatal intoxication due to accidental over-exposure have been observed in workers in an endrin manufacturing plant. Endrin does not accumulate in the human body to any significant degree and no long-term adverse effects were observed during a study of 232 occupationally exposed workers. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (60012)

CIS 93-617 Alpha-cypermethrin. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 112p. ca. 100 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157142-X (In English)

With good work practices, hygiene measures and safety precautions, the use of alpha-cypermethrin is unlikely to present a hazard to those occupationally exposed to it. In a study of exposure during formulation, mild skin sensations were the only reported effects. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (60013)

CIS 93-618 Hazard assessment of floating chemicals after an accidental spill at sea. European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, 250 Avenue Louise (Bte. 63), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, July 1990. 55p. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

A classification system has been developed for hazard identification of compounds transported in bulk by sea. Assessment of the hazard resulting from an accidental spill requires data on both toxicity and environmental exposure concentrations of the spilled product. Procedures for acute toxicity testing are described along with methods for the assessment of environmental concentrations of the spilled product. A computer model called CHEMSPIL is described which may be used to predict the exposure resulting from an accidental spill of a poorly water soluble, volatile and low-density product under calm sea conditions. (60015)

CIS 93-619 Mercury in areas of gold mining settlement. (Portuguese: Mercúrio em áreas de garimpos de ouro) Câmara V.M., World Health Organization (OMS), Centro Panamericano de Ecologia Humana e Saúde (ECO), Apartado Postal 37-473, 06696 México D.F., Mexico, 1993. xix, 164p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-75-37103-2 (In Portuguese)

Contents of this study of the mercury (Hg) contamination problem in gold mining areas of Brazil: epidemiologic monitoring of gold mining areas; work processes involved in gold mining and related health hazards (particularly due to exposure to Hg); Hg in the environment and its hazards for man (Hg in the air, in the soil and in water); information on gold miners relevant to the development of epidemiologic monitoring (distribution of the mining population, migratory movements, original occupation, educational level, work organisation, use of pollution control equipment); effects of Hg on man and diagnostic methods (symptoms of acute and chronic Hg poisoning, diagnosis, treatment, medical questionnaire given to miners exposed to Hg); methods for collecting blood, urine and hair samples for purposes of measuring Hg levels in the body; environmental monitoring for Hg (in fish, soil, sediments, water); basics of atmospheric monitoring of Hg; laboratory measurements; control of Hg contamination in gold mining areas; development of programmes for the health training of workers; the health dimension in environmental impact studies. (59981)

CIS 93-620 Inventory of measures for reducing exposure to toxic substances in the metal products industry. (Dutch: Inventarisatie van maatregelen ter beperking van de blootstelling aan toxische stoffen in de metaalproduktenindustrie) de Koning A., de Jong G., van Tol K.Y., Kres R.J., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. 106p. 102 ref., ISBN 90-5307-274-8 (In Dutch)

The results are presented of a study on measures for reducing emission of hazardous substances in the metal products industry (in a previous study the processes and activities resulting in the highest exposure risks had been identified). For each production process possibilities for health and safety measures are presented. The processes are: soldering and brazing; cutting; surface treatment; machining. Furthermore, a list of general health and safety measures applicable to all production processes is given. (59719)

CIS 93-621 Occupational health in the chemical industry. WHO Regional Office for Europe, 8 Scherfigsvej, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1992. xii, 305p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. (In English)

This book contains selected papers from the 23rd International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) Congress, Sep. 1990, Montreal, Canada, and the XIX Medichem Congress, Sep. 1991, Basle, Switzerland. It includes papers on adverse health effects of industrial chemicals on workers (such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, cypermethrin, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, nitrobenzene, benzene, and carbon disulfide) and their surveillance methods; risk assessment and risk management in the chemical industry, with case studies on firefighters and exposure to L-tryptophan, monochlorobenzene and 1,3-butadiene; occupational health responsibilities to customers and the public, with examples of petrochemical industry and odour control; and current topics in the chemical industry such as toluene exposure, work with simians, recombinant protein production, presbyopia, neurobehavioural tests, generic risk assessment and lead titanate zirconate exposure. (59821)

CIS 93-622 A strategy for occupational exposure assessment. Hawkins N.C., Norwood S.K., Rock J.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association, 345 White Pond Drive, P.O. Box 8390, Akron, Ohio 44320, USA, 1991. xv, 179p. Illus. 159 ref., ISBN 0-932627-46-3 (In English)

This manual on workplace exposure assessments conducted by industrial hygienists provides a common language as well as a basis for professional practice. Contents: the purpose of the occupational exposure assessment strategy and basic problems; characterisation of the workplace, the workforce and environmental agents and determination of homogeneous exposure groups; qualitative risk assessment and prioritisation; monitoring; interpretation and decision-making; recommendations and reporting; re-evaluation. An example is provided of an exposure assessment strategy for a hypothetical sodium chloride production plant. Glossary. (59916)

CIS 93-623 Handbook on agricultural chemicals. (Japanese: Nōyaku yōran) Japan Plant Protection Association, 1-43-11 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan, Dec. 1988. 700p. Index. Price: JPY 4300. (In Japanese)

This handbook (compiled under the supervision of the Plant Protection Division, Agricultural Production Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries) contains seven parts. The first three parts list the quantities of production, marketing, consumption, export and import of agricultural chemicals including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and fertilisers. Part 4 lists all registered agricultural chemical products, their manufacturers and active constituents. Part 5 lists the properties, methods of use and toxicity of new agricultural chemicals. Part 6 lists agricultural epidemics in Japan, and situations of aerial spraying. Part 7 contains information including toxicity of agricultural chemicals, utilisation standards of special category of toxic products, directories of related government agencies, manufacturers, distributors and organisations. (59671)

CIS 93-624 Safe disposal of clinical waste. Health Services Advisory Committee, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. iv, 20p. 27 ref. Price: GBP 4.50., ISBN 0-11-886355-X (In English)

This guidance is intended to enable employers to develop appropriate policies for the handling and disposing of clinical waste. Contents: categories of clinical waste for local risk assessments; health, safety and environmental legislation; development of a clinical waste policy; general principles for safe disposal of clinical waste (means of segregation, waste containers, storage, transport, handling, training, personal protection, accidents and incidents, spillages); areas or activities needing special consideration; final disposal. (59681)

CIS 93-625 Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards. XII. (Swedish: Vetenskapligt underlag för hygieniska gränsvärden. 12) Lundberg P., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 174p. (Swe.), 108p. (Eng.). Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-7045-154-0 (Swe), ISBN 91-7045-158-3 (Eng) (In English, Swedish)

Consensus reports of the criteria Group of the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Health on 2-hexanone, some aliphatic monoketones, inorganic lead, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, chlorocresol, N-nitroso compounds, vinyltoluene, isophorone, monochloroacetic acid, nitrotoluenes, acrylamide, inorganic manganese, dinitrotoluenes, trinitrotoluene, dimethylethylamine, natural crystalline mineral fibres and talc. An appendix lists consensus reports appearing in previous volumes of Arbete och Hälsa. (59843)

CIS 93-626 Maximum concentrations at the workplace and biological tolerance values for working materials 1992. (German: Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen und biologische Arbeitsstofftoleranzwerte 1992) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 61, 6940 Weinheim, Germany, 1992. 123 + xii p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 27.00., ISBN 3-527-27553-3 (In German)

Definition of the notion of "maximum concentration at the workplace" (MAK) and discussion of its basis and usefulness (limited, in the case of pregnant workers), of verification and compliance, of the relation of time-weighted average MAKs to peak exposures, and of the special problems posed by mixtures, allergens and substances absorbed by the skin. List of about 350 substances with their chemical formulas and MAKs in ppm and mg/m³. Entries for 13 substances or groups of substances have been changed with respect to the 1991 list, and 5 new entries have been added. Additional information is given on known or suspected carcinogens (about 150, including drugs and tobacco smoke), dusts, organic peroxides, petrol, turpentine, pyrolysis products and cutting fluids. "Technical guiding concentrations" (TRK) are given for 39 carcinogens and mutagens for which no permissible exposure level can be established. "Biological tolerance values" (BAT) are defined and listed for 33 substances (4 additions since 1991). (59848)

CIS 93-627 Occupational exposure limits 1993. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 46p. 26 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-11-882080-X (In English)

This Guidance Note is revised and reprinted annually; this edition replaces Guidance Note EH 40/92. It gives details of the occupational exposure limits (OESs) (8h TWA and 10min STEL, in ppm and/or mg/m³, as appropriate) which should be used for the purposes of determining the adequacy of the control of exposure by inhalation to substances hazardous to health. These limits form part of the requirements of the COSHH Regulations 1988 (see CIS 89-1092). Contents: setting and application of OESs; mixed exposures; exposure monitoring; list of maximum exposure limits for 35 substances; list of approved occupational exposure standards for approx. 500 substances; proposed changes to the list of approved OESs (8 substances); proposed changes to the application of short-term limits; list of 36 substances to be reviewed. Pending a review, the OES for o-toluidine has been withdrawn. In appendices: calculation of exposure with regard to the specified reference periods; methods of measurement of fibre concentrations of MMMFs; special comments on cotton dust, asphyxiants, lead, rubber fume and dust, grain dust, asbestos, carcinogens (with list). (59887)

CIS 93-628 Criteria documents from the Nordic Expert Group 1991. Beije B., Lundberg P., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 236p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-7045-152-4 (In English)

Consensus reports of the Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. The reports cover dimethylethylamine, isophorone, microorganisms, trichloroethene, dimethyl sulfoxide and inorganic arsenic. An appendix lists documents published in English by the Nordic Expert Group. (59888)

CIS 93-629 DEC and NEG basis for an occupational health standard. Methylmethacrylate. Maclaine Pont M.A., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 58p. Illus. 99 ref., ISBN 91-7045-152-4 (In English)

Consensus report of the Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards and the Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Methyl methacrylte polymerises very readily. It is absorbed through the skin and is a sensitiser. It irritates the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Inhalation mainly affects the central nervous system. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. The critical effect is the induction of nasal lesions in the female rat at the lowest doses tested (1040mg/m³ = 250ppm for 102 weeks). Foetal resorption and gross abnormalities were seen in rats at exposures between 416 and 4160mg/m³. An exposure limit of 42mg/m³ (10ppm) 8h time-weighted average is recommended, with a "skin" notation on labels and data sheets. (59895)

CIS 93-630 Guidelines for the scientific evaluation of carcinogens. Directorate of Labour Inspection, State Pollution Control Authority, P.O. Box 8100 Dep.0032, Oslo 1, Norway, 1990. 19p. 14 ref. (In English)

These guidelines are based on classification systems and guidelines developed by other countries and international organisations and on proposals of a working group supervised by the Nordic Council of Ministers. The guidelines describe how evidence that a substance is carcinogenic may be obtained from epidemiological studies, experimental studies on animals, short-term experiments and information on structure, toxicokinetics and physical properties. Evaluation of potency grouping is based on a comprehensive evaluation taking into account epidemiological data, TDx values (lowest dose in mg/kg bodyweight/day which has induced a significantly increased number of tumours in long-term experiments), dose-response relationships and information on possible mechanisms and toxicokinetics. (59911)

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CIS 93-631 Preparation of the International Labour Organisation Convention on the prevention of major industrial accidents. (Slovak: Príprava dohovoru Medzinárodnej organizácie práce o prevencii priemyselných katastrof) Konický D., Bezpečná práca, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.23, No.6, p.243-245. (In Slovak)

Description of the motivation and methodology of the drafting of the proposed ILO Convention on the prevention of major industrial accidents. The double-discussion procedure for the adoption of the conventions is described. Comments for transmission to the second discussion at the 1993 International Labour Conference are invited. A Slovak translation of the preliminary text approved by the 1992 Conference is appended. (59674)

CIS 93-632 Incorporating fire safety in the Channel Tunnel. Eisner H.S., Stoop J.A.A.M., Safety Science, July 1992, Vol.15, No.2, p.119-136. 38 ref. (In English)

Provisions made for fire safety in the Channel Tunnel are reviewed. Fire hazards and risk assessment are briefly discussed and the passage of the fire provisions through the design and authorisation systems set up by the British and French governments is examined. It is concluded that the design of fire prevention and mitigation has greatly lagged behind the design, tendering and, in some cases, construction of the Channel Tunnel structure, equipment and rolling stock. Much irreversible construction and engineering work had clearly been carried out before a full assessment of the fire hazard had been made. (59685)

CIS 93-633 Risk assessment for installations where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is stored in bulk vessels above ground. Clay G.A., Fitzpatrick R.D., Hurst N.W., Carter D.A., Crossthwaite P.J., Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1988, Vol.20, p.357-374. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

Methods of Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) are described which will be used by the Health and Safety Executive for the risk assessment of installations where LPG is stored in bulk vessels above ground. Models are used to calculate the consequences of potential accidents involving fireballs, flash fires, vapour cloud explosions and jet flames. Levels of thermal radiation, blast overpressure and individual risk are calculated. If the population distribution around the installation is included, levels of societal risk can also be calculated. (59820)

CIS 93-634 Process safety management - Resources from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for use by industrial hygienists. Gideon J.A., Carmody T.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.404-410. 9 ref. (In English)

The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is expanding the opportunity for interdisciplinary co-operation and education by producing a series of guidelines publications on the technical and scientific issues critical to the prevention and mitigation of major releases of toxic materials. Several guidelines contain specific examples that illustrate how industrial hygienists, engineers, and others can use the guidelines to help address chemical process safety problems. Another CCPS activity involves an effort to include an awareness of health, safety, and loss prevention as an integral part of undergraduate chemical engineering education. For practicing engineers and industrial hygienists, a number of continuing education courses on topics such as process hazard analysis, process risk assessment, and process safety are offered by the AIChE. (59766)

CIS 93-635 Acts of God and acts of man - Recent trends in natural disasters and major industrial accidents. Glickman T.S., Golding D., Silverman E.D., Resources for the Future, 1616 P Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20036, USA, May 1992. 65p. Illus. 45 ref. (In English)

Trends and patterns in natural disasters and major industrial accidents are examined both worldwide and in the US. Data are taken from a new database developed at Resources for the Future which covers the years 1945-1989 for the US and 1945-1986 for the world. The database development process is discussed in the appendix which includes a summary table listing all events in the database with month and year of disaster, country or region, type of disaster, and reported deaths. Results of the analysis showed that there is a need for more complete and consistent information on how and why such events occur. (59775)

CIS 93-636 Explosive mixtures - Gases and vapours - Dusts - Liquids and solids. (French: Les mélanges explosifs - Gaz et vapeurs - Poussières - Liquides, solides) Cleuet A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Sep. 1992. 147p. Illus. 53 ref., ISBN 2-85599-171-4 (In French)

Contents of this completely revised edition of a handbook addressed to safety and health committees, plant engineers and supervisors, and safety officers: characteristics of explosive gas and vapour mixtures (flammability and explosibility conditions, factors affecting flammability); characteristics and effects of gas and vapour explosions (types of explosion, magnitude of explosion intensity, evaluation of potential damage, typical accidents); prevention of gas and vapour explosions by acting on the flammable mixture; suppression of ignition sources; limitation of explosion effects (venting, triggered extinguishers, flame arresters); characteristics of dust and mist explosions (mechanisms, explosibility conditions, flammability and explosibility characteristics); prevention of dust explosions; limitation of dust explosion effects; solid and liquid materials, explosive equipment. (59827)

CIS 93-637 The management of risk to society from potential accidents. Allen F.R., Garlick A.R., Hayns M.R., Taig A.R., Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., Crown House, Linton Road, Barking 1G11 8JU, Essex, United Kingdom, 1992. vii, 174p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 1-85166-892-6 (In English)

This book is the main report of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Working Group on the Risks to Society from Potential Major Accidents. It examines the risk issues in general with particular emphasis on relevance to the nuclear industry. An executive summary of 17p. is followed by the main report, which contains chapters on: introduction, nature of risk, characterising and representing risks, existing risk, estimating risk, standards for social risk evaluation, risk targets in regulation, making risk management decisions, overall approach to social risk management, conclusions and recommendations. A glossary and list of acronyms is appended. (59842)

CIS 93-638 Principles of accreditation of qualified persons for the testing of liquefied gas installations on watercraft. (German: Grundsätze für die Ermächtigung von Sachverständigen für die Prüfung von Flüssiggasanlagen auf Wasserfahrzeugen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct. 1991. 7p. Price: DEM 1.30. (In German)

Contents of this statement of the principles of accreditation in Germany of these specialists, who are responsible for the inspection of liquified gas installations on watercraft on inland waterways and in maritime ports: the process of accreditation; qualifications; duties; the certificate of accreditation; withdrawal of accreditation. Model application forms and accreditation certificates are appended. (59875)

CIS 93-639 Fire safety in the printing industry. The Scottish Office, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. vi, 50p. Illus. 77 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-11-886375-4 (In English)

Contents of this guidance note: legal requirements; causes of fires; fire risk management; general fire precautions (training, means of escape, fire alarms, sprinklers and smoke control systems, extinguishers, maintenance and testing); housekeeping; hazards and precautions in various operations. Appendices include: examples of fires in the printing industry; selecting the appropriate extinguisher; permit-to-work; fire-resisting structures; solvent recovery; safety precautions for blanket wash systems in heat-set web offset printing. (59789)

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CIS 93-640 Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business equipment - Amendment 1. (French: Sécurité des matériels de traitement de l'information, y compris les matériels de bureau électriques - Amendement 1) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Feb. 1992. 30p. Illus. (In English, French)

Amendments to the following sections of the 2nd edition of the standard originally abstracted under CIS 86-1216: definitions, general conditions for tests, components, power interface, limited power source, wiring, connections and supply, abnormal operating and fault conditions, protection against voltages in the telecommunication network and Annex D. (59699)

CIS 93-641 Isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers - Requirements - Amendment 1. (French: Transformateurs de séparation des circuits et transformateurs de sécurité - Règles - Amendement 1) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Apr. 1992. 67p. Illus. (In English, French)

Modifications have been made in the following sections of the standard abstracted under CIS 84-910: scope, definitions, general notes on tests, classification, marking, protection against electric shock, output voltage and current under load, heating, short-circuit and overload protection, mechanical strength, insulation resistance and electric strength, construction, components, internal wiring, supply connection and external flexible cables and cords, terminals for external conductors, provision for protective earthing, screws and connections, creepage distances and clearances, resistance to heat, abnormal heat, fire and tracking. Appendices IB, IC and IE have also been amended. (59700)

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CIS 93-642 Noise and hearing acuity. (French: Bruit et acuité auditive) Rabinowitz J., Hohmann B., Médecine et hygiène, 23 Dec. 1992, Vol.50, No.1960, p.3374-3378. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

Review of the health effects of exposure to sounds of high intensity and of hearing protection standards. Typical values of exposure to noise in specific occupations in Swiss industry are given in a chart: woodworking, machining, construction industry, railway repair and maintenance, printing shops, bottling, weaving, leather goods, orchestra musicians. Swiss hearing protection programmes are discussed. (59696)

CIS 93-643 Active noise control through acoustic absorption. (French: L'absorption acoustique active ou "anti-bruit") Roure A., Médecine et hygiène, 23 dec. 1992, Vol.50, No.1960, p.3379-3382. Illus. 10 ref. (In French)

In addition to traditional sound insulation techniques, this method employs noise elimination by noise. The principle is explained and the areas where it can be applied are reviewed (ventilation ducts, motor-engines, planes, acoustic helmets, exhaust silencers). (59697)

CIS 93-644 Development of a new noise helmet. Pääkkönen R., Vienamo T., Järvinen J., Hämäläinen E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1991, Vol.52, No.10, p.438-444. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

A prototype for a new noise helmet was developed because high noise levels were not sufficiently attenuated by commercially available helmets. The new helmet was designed to be tight, especially in the area of the throat and face, and to cover the entire head. The noise attenuation properties of the new helmet were tested against pink noise in an anechoic room, jet engine noise, and low-frequency noise with the test subjects wearing a miniature microphone under the protector. The new helmet provides insertion loss of over 50dB, which is 18-29dB more attentuation than that of the tested earmuffs in the frequency range of 1-8kHz. It is also better (8-13dB) than the tested earmuffs at frequencies of 125-1000Hz, and it protects against air impurities because the air fed into the helmet is filtered. (59744)

CIS 93-645 Ultrasound - Health risks in occupational exposure. (Spanish: Ultrasonidos - Riesgos para la salud en la exposición laboral) Lanchas Alfonso I., Maldonado González J., Gómez Cano M., Salud y trabajo, 1990, No.80, p.41-45. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

Historical overview, biophysical basis, and industrial applications of ultrasound are provided. Thermal, cavitation and mechanical effects, and interaction mechanisms of ultrasound with biological tissues are described. The physiological effects of air-transmitted ultrasound, both in experimental animals and man, and contact exposure to ultrasound are discussed. It is concluded that more epidemiological studies on the occupational risks of ultrasound are needed. (59837)

CIS 93-646 Clinical observation on the dip location of industrial deafness and physiological consideration on the dip origin. (Japanese: Sōonsei nancho ni okeru "dip" no ichi to sono seiin ni tsuite no ichi kōsatsu) Shida S., Yoshida M., Journal of Otolaryngology of Japan, 20 Nov. 1990, Vol.93, No.11, p.1823-1831. 21 ref. (In Japanese)

As observed previously, early industrial deafness is caused by hearing loss characterised by a dip in audiometric curves at 4kHz. In fact decrements are seen not only at 4kHz, as had been generally agreed, but more significantly at 5kHz or 6kHz. Comparing the results obtained by the traditional octave audiometer which measures hearing levels at 2, 4 and 8kHz, and those obtained by audiometer which records at 4, 5, 6, 8kHz, the former missed 19% of cases of hearing deficiency and recorded much lower level of hearing loss than the latter. Traditional octave audiometry routine used in hearing assessment is not sufficient in diagnosing and controlling industrial deafness, and high frequency audiometry at 3, 4, 5, 6kHz should be considered indispensable. The possible physiological cause of the dip is discussed. (59884)

CIS 93-647 Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer - The epidemiologic evidence. Bates M.N., Environmental Health Perspectives, Nov. 1991, Vol.95, p.147-156. 56 ref. (In English)

The paper reviews the epidemiological evidence that low-frequency electromagnetic fields generated by alternating current may cause cancer. Residential exposure studies as well as studies of electrical and electronics workers are reviewed. Using conventional epidemiological criteria for inferring causal associations, the evidence strongly suggests that such radiation is carcinogenic. The evidence is strongest for brain and central nervous system cancers in electrical workers and children. Weaker evidence supports an association with leukaemia in electrical workers. Some evidence also exists for an association with melanoma in electrical workers. Studies so far have used imperfect surrogates for any true biologically effective magnetic field exposure. The resulting exposure misclassification has produced relative risk estimates that understate any true risk. (59799)

CIS 93-648 Conditioned clothing - The needs of industry and the wearer. Proctor T.D., Ergonomics, 1988, Vol.31, No.7, p.987-990. 1 ref. (In English)

The majority of designs for conditioned clothing used for the alleviation of effects of heat and cold were developed for military applications. This paper considers the factors to be taken into account for such clothing to be acceptable to users in industry. Situations requiring precautions against exposure to heat and cold are considered along with factors that militate against the adoption of conditioned clothing. The development of conditioned clothing requires close co-operation between industry and clothing manufacturers. Summaries in French, German and Japanese. (59788)

CIS 93-649 Health effects of long-term exposure to whole-body vibration at work. Boshuizen H., Bongers P., Hulshof C., Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 135p. Illus. 229 ref., ISBN 90-5307-130-X (In English)

With this report a series of epidemiological studies on the long-term health effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) carried out at the University of Amsterdam is concluded. Attention is focussed on back disorders, as this is the most important long-term health effect. To summarise the epidemiological evidence for damage to the spine by WBV, study results from the literature and the epidemiological studies reported on were combined in a meta-analysis of various back disorders that occur in occupations with exposure to WBV. Significantly more degeneration of the spine was observed in workers exposed to WBV (odds ratio almost 1.5). Attention is also given to: digestive disorders (especially gastrointestinal disorders), other disorders (musculoskeletal disorders other than back pain, circulatory disorders), and evaluation of present international standards for whole-body vibration (ISO 2631). Detailed summary in Dutch. (59711)

CIS 93-650 Calibration of survey instruments used in radiation protection for the assessment of ionizing radiation fields and radioactive surface contamination. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, 31 Dec. 1991. x, 215p. Illus. 109 ref. Index. Price: USD 25.00., ISBN 0-929600-23-1 (In English)

This report gives guidance on the calibration of portable radiation survey instruments which provide information necessary for the control of radioactivity hazards. It discusses generalities of calibration processes and facilities, calibration of photon and beta radiation dose measuring instruments, instruments for assessing neutron radiation fields and field instruments for assessing surface contamination. Specific examples of calibrations are included in appendices A to F. Appendix G is a glossary. (59822)

CIS 93-651 Genes, cancer and radiation protection. Mendelsohn M.L., National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Sep. 1992. viii, 215p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 25.00., ISBN 0-929600-24-X (In English)

Proceedings of the annual meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) held on 3-4 April 1991, at Washington, D.C., USA. The scientific sessions contain an introduction on radiation-induced cancer risk estimation and carcinogenesis, followed by papers on radiation mechanisms - damage, repair and mutagenesis at DNA and cellular levels; the genetic aspects of carcinogenesis with emphasis on radiation-induced tumours; molecular cytogenetic techniques in radiation dosimetry and epidemiology of population with inherited predisposition to cancer. A special lecture on the dosage aspect of radiation exposure, presentation of prices and report on NCRP activities are also recorded. (59885)

CIS 93-652 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Solar and ultraviolet radiation. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 316p. Illus. ca. 900 ref. Price: CHF 65.00., ISBN 92-832-1255-X (In English)

This publication contains data reviewed and evaluated by an international group of experts (Lyon, 11-18 Feb. 1992). IARC overall evaluation: solar radiation is carcinogenic in humans (Group 1); ultraviolet A, B and C radiations are probably carcinogenic in humans (Group 2A); use of sunlamps and sunbeds entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic in humans (Group 2A); exposure to fluorescent lighting is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3). Glossary. (59891)

CIS 93-653 Sound signalling devices - Acoustic emission. Nordtest, Postbox 111, 02101 Esbo, Finland, 1991. 7p. (In English)

This method primarily specifies the way in which the acoustic properties of sound signalling devices are to be tested and is applicable to both indoor and outdoor warning systems. Contents: definitions; instrumentation; presentation of results; test conditions (choice of test site, ambient conditions, mounting of sound units, power supply, microphone positions, test procedure); measurement of acoustic characteristics; test report. (59778)

CIS 93-654 Acoustical screens - Rating and classification. Nordtest, Postbox 111, 02101 Esbo, Finland, 1991. 7p. Illus. (In English)

Methods are described for rating and classifying the sound attenuation and sound absorption of screens intended for use in large rooms without partitions in order to increase speech privacy or noise insulation between working positions. Previously measured values of sound attenuation and sound absorption are used to calculate the weighted screen sound attenuation and the sound absorption coefficient. These values are then used to calculate the relevant classes. Examples of the calculations are provided. (59779)

CIS 93-655 Mobile walls - Rating of expected airborne sound insulation. Nordtest, Postbox 111, 02101 Esbo, Finland, 1991. 4p. (In English)

A method is described by which a relation is established between the airborne sound insulation measured in the laboratory and the airborne sound insulation to be expected in the field. Annexes include a classification method for airborne sound insulation of mobile walls, guidelines for the selection of sound insulation and an example of general acoustical guidelines on how to achieve good results. (59780)

CIS 93-656 A guide to radiation protection in the use of X-ray optic equipment. Bines W.P., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1986. 122p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 13.00 (surface mail); GBP 15.00 (airmail), USD 30.00, CAD 34.00., ISBN 0-906927-52-4 (In English)

Contents of this illustrated guide: use of warning signals to indicate that the generator is energised to produce X-rays; enclosure design and construction: interlocks; tube shields, shutters and cover plates; administrative controls (permits to work, application of local rules); equipment and personal monitoring; repair and maintenance of equipment. Appendices contain detailed examples of equipment and adaptations. (59814)

CIS 93-657 Acoustics - Standard reference zero for the calibration of pure tone bone conduction audiometers. (French: Acoustique - Zéro normal de référence pour l'étalonnage des audiomètres à sons purs en conduction osseuse) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 15 Apr. 1987. 9p. (In English, French)

This international standard specifies: reference equivalent threshold force levels corresponding to the hearing threshold of young otologically normal persons by bone conduction audiometry; essential characteristics of the bone vibrator and of its coupling to the subject and to the mechanical coupler; essential characteristics and datum level of the masking noise applied to the ear not under test. (59849)

CIS 93-658 Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Part 2: Acquisition of data pertinent to land use. (French: Acoustique - Caractérisation et mesurage du bruit de l'environnement - Partie 2: Saisie des données pertinentes pour l'utilisation des sols) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 15 Apr. 1987. 7p. (In English, French)

This international standard describes methods for acquiring and presenting data on the noise potential exposure of persons present on a delineated area of land. Authorities may use these data for the selection of land where given activities may be carried out, or for determining what activities may be carried out on a given parcel. (59850)

CIS 93-659 Vibration white finger in foundries - Advice for employers. Foundries Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 8p. 6 ref. (In English)

This leaflet gives advice to employers on reducing the risk of ill health caused by exposure to the use of rotating or percussive hand-guided tools. Symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome and vibration white finger are described along with precautions and preventive measures, including identification of risks to employees, review of product and process design, purchase of new tools and equipment and health surveillance. (59917)

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CIS 93-660 Safe handling of large portable containers on construction sites. (German: Sicherheit beim Einsatz transportabler Grossbehälter auf Baustellen) Schulz W., Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, 1992, Vol.104, No.7, p.474-478. Illus. (In German)

Large portable drum- and box-shaped containers are needed on construction sites to hold the construction and waste materials. Unsafe practices such as not properly securing the containers for crane handling or lifting too heavy containers by crane and disobeying safety instructions such as setting them up on uneven ground are identified as major causes of accidents. Review of the various types of accidents and of the provisions of the German Safety regulations on lifting tackles VBG 9a (see CIS 91-726). (59974)

CIS 93-661 Occupational health education in the air transport industry. (Japanese: Kōkū unyūgyō ni okeru rōdō eisei kyōiku) Noda K., Occupational Health Journal - Sangyō Igaku Jānaru, May 1992, Vol.15, No.3, p.9-18. Illus. (In Japanese)

The occupational health education schemes for different categories of workers of Japan Airlines are described. For general office workers: health education in connection with health checks, health publications and seminars were provided. For ground operators: health management training for new staff, talks, group guidance on the prevention of geriatric diseases, and safety and health training for workers exposed to special risks such as organic solvents and radiation were organised. For flight operators: safety and health training for new staff, health pamphlets, and training of health leaders were provided. For overseas workers: health guidance following pre-appointment health checks, a health seminar for wives, health consultations conducted by travelling health team, regular health checks and follow-up, post-appointment health checks and health guidance were provided. (59682)

CIS 93-662 Endless ropes and cable-laid ropes for heavy loads - Safety requirements. (German: Endlos gelegte Anschlagseile in Kabelschlagmachart für den Schwerlastbereich - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen) Becker K., Lobert H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1990. 67p. Illus. Price: DEM 12.00., ISBN 3-89429-025-0 (In German)

German Standard DIN 3088 (5.89) specifies the characteristics of wire rope slings up to 60mm Ø although those used today may measure up to 300mm Ø. The tensile strength of grommets in diameters from 30mm to 156mm and of cable-laid ropes in diameters of 30mm to 124mm was determined. The influence of the ratio of rope diameter to bolt diameter on tensile strength was studied. Whether the safety factor (as recommended in the German standard DIN 3088) was met by ropes with diameters above 60mm depended on the ratio of rope to bolt diameter and on the rope material (wire or fibre). Numerous illustrations on tests performed, the results of which justify the revision of the standard. (59815)

CIS 93-663 Guidance on manual handling of loads in the health services. Health Services Advisory Committee, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 27p. Illus. 34 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-886354-1 (In English)

This guidance replaces the previous Health Services Advisory Committee publication, The lifting of patients in the Health Service, and sets the guidance in the context of the new British Manual Handling Operations Regulations (see CIS 93-36). Contents: legal requirements; reporting of injuries; ergonomics and other terms defined; risk assessment; identifying appropriate steps to reduce the risk of injury; equipment; mechanical aids and other manual handling devices; training; staff levels; investigation of accidents and incidents; monitoring; health surveillance and staff rehabilitation; groups with particular problems. A management checklist is included. (59673)

CIS 93-664 Manual handling. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 48p. Illus. 24 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-11-886335-5 (In English)

This booklet gives general guidance on the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (see CIS 93-36) which came into force on 1 January 1993 and implement Directive 90/269/EEC on the manual handling of loads (CIS 90-1101). Contents: duties of employers and employees; avoidance of manual handling (elimination of handling, automation or mechanisation); assessment of risk and reducing the risk of injury in terms of the task, the load, the working environment and individual capability; reviewing the assessment. Appendices provide guidelines and a checklist for making a risk assessment. (59698)

CIS 93-665 Information note on steel grills. (German: Merkblatt für Stahlroste) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Apr. 1992. 20p. Illus. (In German)

Contents of this abundantly illustrated brochure on steel grills: types, choice for given applications (strength, calculation of loads (table), flexibility, bar spacing in built-up grills, contours and perforation of pressed steel grills, anti-slip measures, corrosion); mounting; fixation. Appendices: pertinent directives, safety rules and standards. (59876)

CIS 93-666 Walking and working surfaces. Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, 1992. 4p. Price: CAD 2.35 (CAD 1.15 IAPA members). (In English)

In this guidance note, some causes of slip, trip and fall accidents are described and control measures for in-plant and outside areas (i.e. loading dock) and offices are outlined along with personal precautions. Relevant legislation is listed and advice is given on administration procedures. An inspection checklist is included. (59897)

CIS 93-667 Safeguarding agricultural machinery. Moving parts. Health and Safety Executive, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. iv, 32p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-882051-6 (In English)

This guidance note describes hazards associated with agricultural machinery and details safeguards and methods to eliminate or reduce the risks related to moving parts. Contents: legislation; reasons for accidents; hazards of various types of equipment and requirements for safeguarding; safeguarding techniques (safeguarding by design, fixed, adjustable and interlocking guards for hazards not eliminated by design, localised safeguards, trip devices, emergency stop devices, mechanical restraint devices); maintenance. (59824)

CIS 93-668 British standard code of practice for safety of machinery. British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London W1A 2B5, United Kingdom, 1988. 159p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-580-16344-X (In English)

This British Standard code of practice supersedes BS 5304:1975 which is withdrawn. The importance of in-built safety at the design stage is stressed. Contents: scope and definitions; general guidance; identification of hazards; risk assessment and reliability; machinery design; selection of safeguards; guard design and construction; safety devices; interlocking considerations; environmental considerations; installation considerations; maintenance; safe working practices. Appendices cover ergonomic data and an example of a permit-to-work system. (60014)

CIS 93-669 Well testing - Minimum guidelines for safety enhanced field operations. Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 3rd ed., 1990. 32p. Illus. (In English)

These guidelines are intended to establish minimum standards of practice in all Canadian, land-based well testing operations. Topics covered: personnel responsibilities and qualifications; general safety requirements; well testing minimum workwear requirements, equipment specifications and layout guidelines; start-up and operating procedures. (59809)

CIS 93-670 Safe working at woodworking machines. Woodworking National Interest Group, Health and Safety Executive, 14 Cardiff Road, Luton, Bedfordshire LU1 1PP, United Kingdom, 1992. 2p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

This information sheet provides practical guidance on general safety measures for work with woodworking machines including use of safety appliances, machine controls, working space, floors, lighting, heating, dust collection and training. (59687)

CIS 93-671 Safety rules pertaining to controls of printing and paper converting machinery. (German: Sicherheitsregeln für die Steuerungen von Druck - und Papierverarbeitungsmaschinen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct 1991. 22p. (In German)

These safety rules concern controls of machines used in the printing and paper converting industry, as regulated by German directives VBG 5 (Power equipment, see CIS 89-47) and VBG 7i (Printing and paper converting, see CIS 87-373). Contents: scope; definitions; general requirements (three categories of equipment are established); machinery and equipment; operation of equipment; inspection; entry into force (1 Jan. 1992 for electromechanical controls; 1 Oct. 1991 for others). In appendix: what to do in case of a malfunction; list of possible malfunctions; prescriptions and related safety rules. (59980)

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CIS 93-672 Collection efficiency of a personal sampler for microbiological aerosols. Fängmark I., Wikström L.E., Henningson E.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.516-520. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

A modified personal impinger (MPI) for sampling airborne microorganisms was tested for collection efficiency with the jet nozzle placed at various positions above and below the liquid surface. Results showed that the MPI functions according to impactor theory when operated with the flask bottom as the impaction surface, e.g. when the jet nozzle is positioned 4mm from the flask bottom. Also, impaction in the liquid or on the liquid surface will result in less efficient collection of small particles. (59747)

CIS 93-673 Release of bacterial aerosols during infectious waste compaction - An initial hazard evaluation for healthcare workers. Emery R., Sprau D., Lao Y.J., Pryor W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1992, Vol.53, No.5, p.339-345. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

Compaction of infectious waste is not currently used in healthcare institutions and biomedical research laboratories because the process may lead to the release of infectious aerosols. To determine whether bacterial releases can be adequately controlled by a compaction device specially designed for the task, a prototype infectious waste compactor was challenged by compressing waste containing known quantities of indicator bacteria. Samples were collected to monitor bacterial releases and surface contamination. The data collected from this initial evaluation show that indicator bacteria were released from the unit. Modifications to the design and operation of this type of compactor are proposed as suggestions that may improve system performance relating to the health and safety of workers. A critical review of the experimental procedures used in the study is also included. (59755)

CIS 93-674 Microbiological agents as health risks in indoor air. Burrell R., Environmental Health Perspectives, Nov. 1991, Vol.95, p.29-34. 22 ref. (In English)

The paper deals with the contamination of ambient air by microorganisms from occupational and environmental sources. Microorganisms that are uniformly injurious are differentiated from those which cause opportunistic infections in people with pre-existing disabilities. Microorganisms are categorised as allergenic, infectious, or capable of inducing toxic or inflammatory reactions when inhaled. Representative examples from each of these categories are discussed. The conditions responsible for the entrance of significant numbers of these microbes into the air, the mechanisms by which they produce injury, and the methods of prevention are also considered. (59797)

CIS 93-675 Microgranulomatous aspergillosis after shoveling wood chips - Report of a fatal outcome in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Conrad D.J., Warnock M., Blanc P., Cowan M., Golden J.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.411-418. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

Chronic granulomatous disease is characterised by recurrent infections that result from an inability of phagocytes to kill organisms effectively. A patient with this disease who developed aspergillus pneumonia after shovelling mouldy cedar wood chips is described. Despite aggressive therapy, the patient's condition deteriorated and he died. At autopsy, the lungs revealed diffuse granulomas, all of the same age, with aspergillus organisms confined to the granulomas. The term "microgranulomatous aspergillosis" is proposed for this response, which does not conform to the commonly described aspergillus syndromes. Susceptible immunosuppressed patients should be advised to avoid occupational situations where high spore concentrations are generated. (59860)

CIS 93-676 Airborne dust, ammonia, microorganisms, and antigens in pig confinement houses and the respiratory health of exposed farm workers. Crook B., Robertson J.F., Glass S.A.T., Botheroyd E.M., Lacey J., Topping M.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1991, Vol.52, No.7, p.271-279. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

The study investigated the environmental conditions on pig farms and the respiratory health of pig farmers and their immunological response to airborne contaminants. Airborne concentrations of dust and ammonia were measured in 20 pig houses. Twenty-nine farm workers completed a questionnaire and underwent lung function tests; 24 provided blood samples for the measurement of specific IhE and IgG antibody to extracts of pig squames and urine, feed components, and bacterial isolates. Work-related respiratory symptoms were reported by 23 workers. The presence of specific IgE in some workers with wheeze suggested the possibility of them having an allergic response. This highlights the need to limit exposure to airborne dusts associated with pig farming, and this in some cases may be achieved by changing work practices such as the methods of feed delivery or ventilation. (59732)

CIS 93-677 Outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among mushroom farm workers. Sanderson W., Kullman G., Sastre J., Olenchock S., O'Campo A., Musgrave K., Green F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.859-872. 25 ref. (In English)

Between April 1982 and August 1985, seven cases of mushroom worker's lung (MWL), a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, were diagnosed among 259 workers at one mushroom farm in Florida. The victims suffered from episodic shortness of breath, cough, fever and chills, myalgia, malaise, and difficulty in breathing. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive ventilatory impairment and reduced diffusing capacity; chest radiographs exhibited diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. An industrial hygiene survey demonstrated that farm workers from every work area were exposed to organic dust constituents suspected of causing MWL. Of the remaining workers who participated in a cross-sectional respiratory morbidity survey at the farm, approximately 20% of the more heavily exposed workers reported that they occasionally experienced symptoms consistent with MWL. Serological tests demonstrated that almost all workers had been exposed to antigens capable of causing MWL. (59997)

CIS 93-678 Exposure to dust, endotoxins, and fungi in the animal feed industry. Smid T., Heederik D., Mensink G., Houba R., Boleij J.S.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1992, Vol.53, No.6, p.362-368. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

In the study, 79 stationary dust samples and 530 personal dust samples from eight animal feed production facilities were analysed. The stationary total dust samples showed gravimetric concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 25mg/m³ (geometric mean [GM] 1.3mg/m³). Concentrations of smaller particle fractions were considerably lower. Personal inspirable dust concentrations were considerably higher than stationary concentrations and were strongly related to job titles. Pooled personal inspirable dust concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 450mg/m³ (GM = 2.4mg/m³). Endotoxin concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 1870ng/m³ inspirable dust (GM = 5.1ng/m³). Colony-forming units (cfu) of fungi ranged from 130 to 15,300 cfu/m³ (GM = 2300 cfu/m³) and were in parallel measurements more strongly related to endotoxin concentrations than to dust concentrations. Clearly, workers in the Dutch animal feed industry are frequently exposed to dust levels above recommended Dutch and American levels. (59763)

CIS 93-679 Negligible risk of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus among mechanics and salespersons in the automobile industry. Wada Y., Kamiyama S., Koizumi A., Industrial Health, 1991, Vol.29, p.161-165. 12 ref. (In English)

Transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hospital patients and medical staff has been well documented. The high prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) carriers in the Japanese population makes horizontal transmission in other occupational settings a real concern, but the actual risk of HBV infection has been unknown. The permanent work force of 44 automobile dealerships in Akita Prefecture (220 locations) was screened for HBsAg as part of routine medical examinations. Blood samples positive for HBsAg were tested for HBV core antigen to confirm the presence of persistent infection. The prevalence of HBV infection was much higher among subjects aged 35-44 than in other age groups. This reflects the hepatitis epidemics that followed the introduction of pertussis and polio vaccination programmes in 1948. The fact that infection did not spread into other age cohorts in these workplaces indicates that the risk of horizontal transmission is negligible when contact with biological fluids is unlikely. (59896)

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CIS 93-680 Improvement of midnight driving operations. Sakai K., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.1-2. (In English)

This editorial presents the results of research on the fatigue issues of long-distance truck driving and it describes major factors in the workload of driving at night. Immediate improvement of safety and working conditions for night and long-distance truck driving is suggested. (59831)

CIS 93-681 Electromyographic and subjective assessment of muscle strain during typical work-related movements at checkout counters for developing the modules of a system of known strain. (German: Elektromyographische und subjektive Ermittlung der Muskelbeanspruchung bei arbeitstypischen Bewegungen an Kassenarbeitsplätzen zur Entwicklung von Bausteinen eines Systems vorbestimmter Beanspruchung) Strasser H., Böhlemann J., Keller E., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 1992, Vol.46, No.2, p.70-76. Illus. 23 ref. (In German)

The muscle strain caused by moving 2kg on an experimental set-up simulating a checkout counter was measured on 10 volunteers by electromyography. All movements made while facing the counter and passing the weight from left to right turned out to be less straining than those made facing the cash register or passing goods from right to left. The results of the electromyographic and subjective assessments can be used for predicting the muscular strain caused by various designs of checkout counters. (59977)

CIS 93-682 Upper extremity symptoms in supermarket workers. Harber P., Pena L., Bland G., Beck J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1992, Vol.22, No.6, p.873-884. 19 ref. (In English)

Upper extremity symptoms in supermarket checkout workers, particularly those who use laser scanners, were evaluated using a questionnaire administered by trained interviewers to 124 supermarket workers. Summary indices of exposure (short-term and long-term) as well as indices of past personal illnesses and personal activities were employed. Outcome data were summarised by four composite symptom indices. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that hours of checking work in the preceding two weeks and cumulative weighted years of work were associated with adverse upper extremity symptoms. Symptoms involved both the proximal and distal parts of the upper extremities. (59998)

CIS 93-683 Work stress of women in sewing machine operation. Nag A., Desai H., Nag P.K., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.47-55. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

The work stress on 107 women engaged in sewing machine operation in small garment manufacturing units was evaluated. Of the three types of sewing machines (motor operated, full and half shuttle foot-operated), 74% were foot-operated. Short-cycle sewing work involves repetitive action of the hand and feet. Long-term sewing work had a cumulative load on the musculo-skeletal structures and about 68% of the women complained of back pain, among whom 35% reported a persistent low back pain. Unsatisfactory man-machine compatibility, work posture and fatigue, improper co-ordination of the eye, hand and leg are the major problems of the operators. The workplace design may be significantly improved by taking women's anthropometric dimensions into consideration when modifying the workplace. (59835)

CIS 93-684 How fast should the night shift rotate? - Review paper. Wilkinson R.T., Ergonomics, Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.12, p.1425-1446. 102 ref. (In English)

A critical analysis is made of claims that changing from morning to afternoon to night shift at about two- to three-day intervals (rapid rotation) is the best way to organise 24h staffing. Evidence concerning longer periods of rotation is also reviewed. The conclusion is that permanent (zero rotation), fixed-night systems are superior on most counts, and should be implemented for night work, leaving the option of rapid rotation to cover the two (morning and afternoon) day shifts. This recommendation should be regarded as provisional pending a search for more data directly comparing the two systems. (59921)

CIS 93-685 How fast should the night shift rotate? A rejoinder. Wedderburn A.A.I., Ergonomics, Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.12, p.1447-1451. 22 ref. (In English)

A reply to an earlier article (see CIS 93-684) which favoured the option of permanent night shifts for covering night work. Although this system appears attractive in theory, there is a far greater use of rotating three-shift systems in British industry. Studies of industrial production show very slight differences between output on different shifts, unlike laboratory studies, suggesting that it is almost impossible to reproduce the real consequences of work in laboratory settings. A strong case for the use of permanent night shift can only be made by being selective in sources and narrow in the range of outcomes considered. (59922)

CIS 93-686 Is there a "best compromise" shift system?. Folkard S., Ergonomics, Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.12, p.1453-1463. 35 ref. (In English)

A reply to an earlier article by Wilkinson (see CIS 93-684) which favoured the use of prolonged or permanent night shifts. The author argues that Wilkinson has overestimated the problems associated with rapidly rotating shift systems and underestimated the problems that might be encountered in trying to implement effective permanent night shift systems. The evidence on the various problems reviewed by Wilkinson is reconsidered and other aspects of shift systems are also taken into account. It is concluded that the choice of shift system depends on the relative importance attached to safety and social problems in any given workplace. (59923)

CIS 93-687 A knowledge-based system for optimizing workplace layouts using a genetic algorithm. Pham D.T., Onder H.H., Ergonomics, Dec. 1992, Vol.35, No.12, p.1479-1487. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

A knowledge-based system for optimum workplace design is described. The system is constructed using a commercially-applicable hybrid development tool. It is interfaced to a database of anthropometric data and an optimising programme which employs a genetic algorithm. Details of the system are presented along with a brief overview of knowledge-based systems and genetic algorithms. (59924)

CIS 93-688 Night and shiftwork. Folkard S., Dirkx J., Härmä M., Knauth P., Koller M., Smith P.A., Wedderburn A., Ergonomics, Jan-Mar. 1993. Vol.36, Nos.1-3. 318p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

Edited proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Night and Shiftwork held in Sheffield, England, on 18-22 September 1991. Topics covered include: trends in approaches to night and shiftwork and new international standards; design of shift systems; adaptation to permanent night work; after-effects of night work on short-term memory performance; day- and shiftworkers' leisure time; speed of rotation of shifts; individual differences in tolerance to shiftwork; gender, ageing and shiftwork intolerance; educational programmes for shiftworkers, their families and prospective shiftworkers; nutrition and shiftwork; study of morning and afternoon sleep quality during simulated night shift work. (60011)

CIS 93-689 Working hours and commuting time from the point of view of occupational health management - A study on the influence on lifestyle. (Japanese: Shokuiki no kenkō kanri kara mita rōdō jikan to tsūkin jikan - raifusutairu e no eikyō ni tsuite no kōsatsu) Tarumizu K., Hagibara A., Morimoto K., Japanese Journal of Public Health, Mar. 1990, Vol.39, No.3, p.163-171. Illus. 31 ref. (In Japanese)

A survey was conducted among non-outdoor company workers on the influence of working and commuting time on lifestyle. Lifestyle was assessed in terms of daily habit items - smoking, drinking, exercise, sleeping hours, obesity, breakfast-taking, nutritional balance - and social life items - motivation to work, stress, social support, relaxation at home. Only 4.3% of workers worked more than 11 hours daily, while the majority worked 8 hours. When working time exceeded 10 hours, both daily habits and social life tended to become unsatisfactory. The commuting time, which was relatively short in general due to the adoption of flexible working hours, had no significant effects on lifestyle. Even in a community where working and commuting time was not excessively long, working hours had a significant effect on lifestyle, which should be considered in the health management of workers. (59676)

CIS 93-690 A study on optimum load for physical work. Li T., Liu Z., Huang H., Jin S., Lu S., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.3-11. 19 ref. (In English)

Five healthy men were chosen as experimental subjects. The subjects walked with a load in a shoulder-waist-back manner on a treadmill at the speed of 5, 7 and 9km/h. The parameters measured were as follows: oxygen expenditure, energy consumption, heart rate and self appraisal. Based on the experimental results and analysis of multiple regression, it is suggested that physical loading should not exceed 25kg (i.e. roughly equal to 39% of the average body weight of male Chinese), when the walking speed was at 5km/h. The suitable loading at physical work would be 20kg (i.e. equal to 31% of the average body weight of male Chinese). (59832)

CIS 93-691 A comparative study of the myoelectric amplitude characteristics for weight-holding tasks. Genaidy A.M., Hidalgo J., Karwowski W., Journal of Human Ergology, June 1992, Vol.21, No.1, p.33-46. 24 ref. (In English)

The effects of load and time on five amplitude measures of the myoelectric signal (MES) were investigated in 10 male and 10 female subjects engaged in upper extremity weight-holding tasks. Measures of amplitude variability (e.g. standard deviation) were more sensitive to changes in load and time than other indices. Both load and time had a significant effect on MES indices, suggesting that amplitude measures may be used for the evaluation of muscular loading and fatigue. Women have higher muscular exertion values than men under the same experimental conditions, indicating that they are subjected to higher levels of stress than men for the same amount of workload. The implications of the results are discussed. (59834)

CIS 93-692 Designing workplaces - A systematic application of ergonomics. (Dutch: Ontwerpen van arbeidssituaties - Een planmatige toepassing van ergonomie) Mossink J.C.M., Ellens E., Eveleens W., SDU Uitgeverij (Den Haag), Directorate-General of Labour (Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1992. x, 220p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 90-399-0242-9 (In Dutch)

According to the Dutch Working Environment Act (see CIS 82-1189), problems in the working environment should preferably be solved at the source. This can be best achieved by considering aspects of occupational health, safety and well-being during the stages of workplace design. The aim of this book is to demonstrate that ergonomics can be used in design processes in an effective way; the work situation can be designed to fit the worker and to allow efficient work procedures. The process of ergonomic workplace design is illustrated with four examples: supervision in technical processes; mass production in industry; office work; driver's cabs. (59787)

CIS 93-693 Biological rhythms: Implications for the worker - New developments in neuroscience. US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328, USA, 1991. vi, 249p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-16-035497-8 (In English)

This report discusses biological rhythms: what they are, how they are controlled by the brain, and the role they play in regulating the physiological and cognitive functions. Its focus is on the examination of the effects of non-standard work hours on biological rhythms and how these effects can interact with other factors to affect the health, performance and safety of workers. The United States federal regulatory framework related to work hours and the current status of biological rhythm and shift work research are also described. Comparative data on shift work from different countries is also provided. Glossary of terms. (59794)

CIS 93-694 Healthy buildings - A design primer for a living environment. Holdsworth B., Sealey A.F., Longman Group UK Limited, Longman House, Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, United Kingdom, 1992. 148p. Illus. 103 ref. Index., ISBN 0-582-09388-0 (In English)

A book written primarily for architects and people designing working and living environments. It discusses the problem of sick buildings, and emphasises the need for designing buildings for the needs of the people living and working in them, always keeping the local climate in mind. Chapters deal with: health as a design element; climate and human life; factors of influence (external: radiation, wind, outside temperature, precipitation and humidity, air composition and pollution, soil composition, radon, toxic and biological waste, noise and vibration, vegetation; internal: moisture, heating, ventilation, hypersensitivity to chemicals (tight building syndrome), legionnaires' disease, dust and microorganisms, other indoor pollutants (units: 1 olf = air pollution from one standard person; decipol: 1 decipol = 1 olf ventilated by 10L/sec of unpolluted air), indoor air quality, healthy HVAC systems design, displaced ventilation, electromagnetic radiation, internal electric services in buildings, visual appetisers and vegetation); international case studies of healthy buildings; healthy building codes; healthy and unhealthy building materials. (59984)

CIS 93-695 Fitness for work: The role of physical demands analysis and physical capacity assessment. Fraser T.M., Taylor and Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 0PR, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1992. viii, 213p. Illus. Index. ca. 200 ref. Price: GBP 33.00 (cloth); GBP 16.50 (paper)., ISBN 0-7484-0018-4 (hc), ISBN 0-85066-858-1 (pa) (In English)

This book considers the need to re-evaluate medical and other selection procedures for both disabled and able-bodied persons. The concept of fitness for work is re-examined, acknowledging the rights of management and labour, but emphasising the necessity for consideration of humanitarian concerns and legislative requirements. Contents: history and development; traditional approach to medical examination; job evaluation and analysis; physical demands and analysis; physical abilities analysis; functional capacity assessment; accommodations, restrictions and the handicapped; job matching; legal considerations. Glossary. (59774)

CIS 93-696 Guidance note for the prevention of occupational overuse syndrome in the manufacturing industry. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Mar. 1992. vii, 76p. 122 ref., ISBN 0-644-24522-0 (In English)

Contents of this guidance note: description of occupational overuse syndrome (also known as repetition strain injury, RSI); responsibilities in the implementation of preventive strategies; strategy for prevention (organisation and design of work systems and of workplaces; training and education of workers, managers, supervisors and health and safety representatives); an occupational overuse syndrome individual work area checklist. In annex: full-text of the National Code of Practice for the Prevention and Management of Occupational Overuse Syndrome (NOHSC: 2001 (1990), see also CIS 92-1397), which discusses definitions, description of the syndrome, strategy for prevention (work organisation, job and task design, task variation and work pauses, work adjustment periods, workplace and work environment design, technology selection, equipment and machine design, education and training, exercise programmes, health assessment), strategy for case management; social factors in work design and redesign; glossary of terms. (59915)

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CIS 93-697 Can nuclear power plant operators work without error?. (Russian: Mogut li operatory AĖS rabotat' bezošibočno?) Čačko S.A., Tehničeskaja ėstetika, 1992, No.2, p.10-13. Illus. 14 ref. (In Russian)

The basic findings of industrial psychology concerning "operator error" are reviewed. A primary cause of the Chernobyl disaster was not so much operator error per se as a lack of necessary standards. A case of human error amounts to a brief involuntary deviation from the standards or to a single fault in their formulation. Achieving error-free operation in practice requires dealing with three factors: the operator him/herself, the man-machine interface and the interactions of the personnel as a whole. (59678)

CIS 93-698 Human factors in process operations. Mill R.C., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, Warwickshire, United Kingdom, 1992. vi + 107p. Illus. 53 ref. Index. Price: GBP 22.50., ISBN 0-85295-294-5 (In English)

Report by a working group of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering, edited for wider circulation. The frequency of industrial accidents has been greatly reduced in the past by the introduction of technical safety measures and by making processes safer; major improvements in the future will require more attention to human factors in operations. Various models are available for analysing past accidents to reveal the key causative factors. In the short term, a five-step behaviour modification method can effectively counter these factors: identification of hazard concentrations; revision of safety rules and working procedures; developing a plan to achieve compliance (a suggested fire/incident reporting form is included in an appendix); implementation of the corrective measures; efficiency controls. In the long term, human factors must be integrated into overall safety efforts, with management playing the central role. (59811)

CIS 93-699 Building a drug-free workforce - An Office of National Drug Control Policy guide for state legislation. Office of National Drug Control Policy, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, USA, 1990. 1 vol. (various pagination). (In English)

This package of legislation and commentary consists of four separate bills designed to help employers in the public and private sectors create incentives for employees to stop taking drugs and sanctions for employees who do not do so. The package should be viewed as a model for a co-ordinated offensive on drugs in the workplace. (59791)

CIS 93-700 Tobacco smoking and the law in Canada. Grossman M., Price P., Butterworths Canada Ltd., 75 Clegg Road, Markham, Ontario L6G 1A1 and 409 Granville Street, Suite 1455, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 1T2, Canada, 1992. 1 vol. (various pagination). Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-409-89370-6 (In English)

This book deals with Canadian federal and provincial legislation as it relates to tobacco smoking. Information is also provided on the history, production, taxation, advertising, toxicology, and health effects of tobacco as well as the addictive nature of nicotine. Various theories as to why people smoke are discussed. Chapter six covers smoking in the workplace and how the law relates to this issue. (59793)

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